Granular Material-Based Crushing Device and Method

Abstract

The present invention provides a crushing device based on granular materials, which includes a bracket and a silo. An opening and closing mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the silo; the cross-section of the crushing shell is rectangular; the first crushing roller and the second crushing roller are both horizontally rotatably connected to the crushing shell. A plurality of first crushing discs are arranged at intervals on the first crushing roller, and a plurality of first crushing teeth are arranged on the outer wall of the first crushing disc. A plurality of second crushing discs are arranged at intervals on the second crushing roller, and a plurality of second crushing teeth are arranged on the outer wall of the second crushing disc; the first driving mechanism and the second driving mechanism are respectively used to drive the first crushing roller and the second crushing roller to rotate; the crushing and screening plate is porous, and the periphery of the crushing and screening plate is movably attached to the inner wall of the crushing shell, and the crushing and screening plate is lower than the first crushing disc and the second crushing disc; the third driving mechanism is used to drive the crushing and screening plate to reciprocate up and down. The crushing device based on granular materials provided by the present invention improves the crushing efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of granule crushing, and relates to a granule-based crushing device and method. Background Art

[0002] As the name implies, granule crushing is to crush materials in granule form. For example, in the construction, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries, it is often necessary to crush some materials to increase the total contact area between different materials and achieve the purpose of improving strength, toughness, or facilitating absorption. In the pharmaceutical industry, when crushing some granules, different crushing equipment will be selected according to different materials. For example, traditional Chinese medicines are usually crushed by stirring, while gypsum powder is usually crushed by double-roll or multi-roll methods. Similarly, in other fields, such as the chemical industry, different crushing equipment and methods will also be selected according to actual needs.

[0003] Among them, some incoming materials contain both powder and agglomerated lumpy materials. When the strength of the agglomerated materials is not very high, double-roll crushing equipment is usually used for crushing, that is, the materials are fed from top to bottom between two oppositely rotating crushing rolls, and the granules are crushed by the extrusion of the two rolls. Although double-roll crushing can achieve a good crushing effect, it is found in practice that when the proportion of granules in the powder is not very high, it is easy to cause the situation of too much powder resulting in slow speed, and even easy to cause the situation where the powder hinders the granules from acting on the double rolls (the powder has relatively good fluidity), so that the crushing efficiency is low. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a granule-based crushing device and method, aiming to solve the problem of low crushing efficiency.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a granule-based crushing device, including a bracket and the following components located on the bracket:

[0006] A feed bin, the bottom of which is provided with an opening and closing mechanism for controlling the opening and closing of the feed bin;

[0007] A crushing shell, the cross-section of which is rectangular, and the crushing shell is vertically through;

[0008] A first crushing roller and a second crushing roller, both the first crushing roller and the second crushing roller are horizontally rotatably connected to the crushing housing. A plurality of first crushing discs are arranged at intervals on the first crushing roller, and a plurality of first crushing teeth are arranged on the outer wall of the first crushing disc. A plurality of second crushing discs are arranged at intervals on the second crushing roller, and a plurality of second crushing teeth are arranged on the outer wall of the second crushing disc. The first crushing discs and the second crushing discs are in a staggered shape, and there is an active fitting state between adjacent first crushing discs and second crushing discs, between the first crushing disc at the edge and the inner wall of the crushing housing, and between the second crushing disc at the edge and the inner wall of the crushing housing;

[0009] A first driving mechanism and a second driving mechanism, the first driving mechanism and the second driving mechanism are respectively used to drive the first crushing roller and the second crushing roller to rotate;

[0010] A crushing and screening plate, the crushing and screening plate is porous, and the periphery of the crushing and screening plate is actively fitted to the inner wall of the crushing housing. The crushing and screening plate is lower than the first crushing disc and the second crushing disc;

[0011] A third driving mechanism, the third driving mechanism is used to drive the crushing and screening plate to reciprocate up and down.

[0012] The present invention is further configured such that both ends of the first crushing roller and the second crushing roller are located outside the crushing housing. The first driving mechanism includes a driving motor, and the output shaft of the driving motor is connected to the end of the first crushing roller;

[0013] The second driving mechanism includes a driving gear and a driven gear meshing with the driving gear. The driving gear is connected to the outer wall of the first crushing roller, and the driven gear is connected to the outer wall of the second crushing roller. The driving gear and the driven gear are both located outside the crushing housing.

[0014] The present invention is further configured such that a stabilizing ring is vertically arranged at the top periphery of the crushing and screening plate, and the stabilizing ring is actively fitted to the inner wall of the crushing housing.

[0015] The present invention is further configured such that a plurality of supporting seats are arranged on the inner wall of the crushing housing, and an elastic member in a continuously compressed state is arranged between the top of the supporting seat and the bottom of the crushing and screening plate;

[0016] The third driving mechanism includes a driving column horizontally and rotatably connected to the crushing shell. A number of eccentric driving eccentric wheels are arranged on the outer wall of the driving column. The upper side of the driving eccentric wheel is movably attached to the bottom of the crushing and screening plate. The end of the driving column is located outside the crushing shell. A lifting driven wheel is arranged on the outer wall of the driving column, and a lifting driving wheel is arranged on the second crushing roller. A lifting transmission member is movably sleeved on the outer walls of the lifting driving wheel and the lifting driven wheel.

[0017] The present invention is further configured such that a termination strip is horizontally arranged on the inner wall of the crushing shell. When the driving eccentric wheel drives the crushing and screening plate to reach the highest height, the top of the stabilizing ring abuts against the bottom of the termination strip.

[0018] The present invention is further configured such that a material scraping opening is horizontally formed on one side of the stabilizing ring. The bottom of the material scraping opening is at the same height as the top of the crushing and screening plate. A discharge opening communicating with the material scraping opening is formed on the side of the crushing shell. A guiding plate is obliquely arranged on the outer wall of the crushing shell, and the top of the guiding plate is connected to the crushing shell below the discharge opening.

[0019] A material scraping frame is horizontally arranged on the top of the crushing and screening plate. The cross-section of the material scraping frame is rectangular, and three sides of the material scraping frame are attached to the inner wall of the stabilizing ring, and the other side is matched with the material scraping opening. Dovetail strips are horizontally arranged on the inner walls of the stabilizing ring on both sides of the material scraping opening. Dovetail grooves matched with the dovetail strips are formed on the outer side of the material scraping frame. Anti-loosening screws are threadedly connected to the outer ends of the dovetail strips, and anti-loosening caps are arranged on the anti-loosening screws. The anti-loosening caps abut against the outer side of the material scraping frame. Pulling the material scraping frame outwards can enable the material scraping frame to pass through the material scraping opening and the discharge opening in sequence.

[0020] The present invention is further configured such that the material bin includes a horn-shaped material storage part and a material conveying part communicated with the bottom of the material storage part. The cross-section of the material conveying part is rectangular and matched with the crushing shell.

[0021] Long-strip-shaped inlet / outlet openings and two translation openings are respectively formed on three adjacent side walls of the material conveying part. The two translation openings are located on opposite sides of the material conveying part, the inlet / outlet opening is located between the two translation openings, and the inlet / outlet opening is at the same height as the two translation openings.

[0022] The opening and closing mechanism includes an opening and closing plate horizontally and movably arranged on the material conveying part. The side part of the opening and closing plate is movably attached to the inner wall of the inlet and outlet. Slide blocks in the shape of cuboids are arranged on the outer sides of both ends. The two slide blocks are respectively movably attached to the inner walls of the two translation openings. A support frame is vertically arranged on the support. An opening and closing column and a fourth driving mechanism for driving the opening and closing column to rotate horizontally are arranged on the support frame. The inner end of the opening and closing column is provided with a vertical part perpendicular to the opening and closing column. The inner side of the free end of the vertical part is provided with a cylindrical linkage part. A linkage member is vertically arranged on the outer side of the slide block. A linkage hole is vertically opened through the middle of the linkage member. The linkage part is movably attached to the inner wall of the linkage hole. When the opening and closing column rotates, the opening and closing plate can be driven to perform horizontal reciprocating motion through the vertical part, the linkage part, and the linkage member, and the opening and closing of the material conveying part can be controlled.

[0023] The present invention is further configured such that the opening and closing columns are provided on both sides of the crushing shell.

[0024] The present invention is further configured such that a transmission column is also horizontally rotatably arranged on the support frame. An opening and closing driven wheel is arranged at the outer end of the transmission column. An opening and closing driving wheel is arranged on the outer wall of the second crushing roller. An opening and closing transmission member is movably sleeved on the outer walls of the opening and closing driving wheel and the opening and closing driven wheel;

[0025] The inner end of the transmission column is provided with an incomplete gear. The incomplete gear includes a smooth part and a gear part. A fan-shaped positioning part is arranged on the side part of the incomplete gear. An opening and closing gear is arranged on the outer wall of the opening and closing column. An anti-rotation part is arranged on the side part of the opening and closing gear. An arc-shaped anti-rotation groove is opened at the free end of the anti-rotation part;

[0026] When the outer side of the positioning part is movably attached to the anti-rotation groove, the smooth part is located at the bottom end of the opening and closing gear, and the opening and closing plate is in a closed state;

[0027] When the gear part meshes with the bottom of the opening and closing gear, the anti-rotation part and the positioning part are in a separated state, and when the incomplete gear rotates one circle, the opening and closing gear rotates one circle;

[0028] A relief groove is opened on the inner wall of the material conveying part. The longitudinal section of the relief groove is fan-shaped. A retraction plate is hinged at the bottom of the relief groove. The free end of the retraction plate is movably attached to the top of the relief groove. Both ends are movably attached to the inner wall of the material conveying part. An elastic body is arranged between the inner wall of the relief groove and the inner side of the retraction plate. The inner side of the opening and closing plate faces the outer side of the retraction plate. When the retraction plate is in a vertical state, the elastic body is in an original length state, and the plane where the outer side of the retraction plate is located is coplanar with the plane where the inner wall of the material conveying part is located.

[0029] The present invention also provides a method of using the pellet-based comminution device as described in any one of the above, comprising the following steps:

[0030] S1, the opening and closing mechanism opens the bottom of the silo, and the material falls into the comminution housing;

[0031] S2, the first crushing disc and the second crushing disc rotate towards each other, and the material is preliminarily crushed by the first crushing teeth and the second crushing teeth and then falls;

[0032] S3, the material with a smaller particle size directly falls downward through the sieve holes on the comminution screening plate, and the material with a larger particle size is crushed during the up-and-down shaking of the comminution screening plate and falls downward through the comminution screening plate.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a pellet-based comminution device. When comminuting the material, first, the opening and closing mechanism opens the bottom of the silo, and the material falls into the comminution housing; then the first crushing disc and the second crushing disc rotate towards each other, and the material is preliminarily crushed by the first crushing teeth and the second crushing teeth and then falls; the material with a smaller particle size directly falls downward through the sieve holes on the comminution screening plate, and the material with a larger particle size is crushed during the up-and-down shaking of the comminution screening plate and falls downward through the comminution screening plate.

[0034] The object used in this application is preferably a powdery material that is prone to caking, especially in the production processes of chemicals, food, and pharmaceuticals. The main purpose of the first crushing disc and the second crushing disc (only requiring a relatively small power) is to allow the material with a smaller particle size to directly pass through and to preliminarily crush the caked material; then the function of the comminution screening plate is to screen the powdery material with a sufficiently small particle size. Secondly, during the vibration process, it can also collide with the particles, causing the particles to collide with each other and the inner wall of the comminution housing, thereby further comminuting the material and enabling almost all the material to be comminuted and pass through the comminution screening plate. At the same time, since the comminution screening plate vibrates up and down, it can also better prevent the pellet material from getting stuck in the screening holes of the comminution screening plate, ensuring the screening efficiency.

[0035] In this way, there is no need to additionally set up equipment for deeply comminuting the uncomminuted pellet material. At the same time, compared with the material where most of the material is powdery and only part of the material is caked, when using a double-roll crusher for comminution, since most of it is powdery, it is prone to the problem of low comminution efficiency (the gap between the two rolls is small, and the powdery material passes through slowly); while when using the device of this application for comminution, it can ensure both the efficiency and the quality of comminution. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the granule crushing device according to the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 It is Figure 1 an enlarged view of part A in

[0038] Figure 3 It is Figure 1 an enlarged view of part B in

[0039] Figure 4 It is Figure 1 an enlarged view of part C in

[0040] Figure 5 It is a sectional view of an embodiment of the granule crushing device according to the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 It is Figure 5 an enlarged view of part D in

[0042] Figure 7 It is Figure 5 an enlarged view of part E in

[0043] Figure 8 It is an exploded view of an embodiment of the opening and closing gear and the incomplete gear part in the granule crushing device according to the present invention;

[0044] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the opening and closing plate in the granule crushing device according to the present invention;

[0045] Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the crushing and screening plate and the scraping frame in the granule crushing device according to the present invention;

[0046] Figure 11 It is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the scraping frame in the granule crushing device according to the present invention;

[0047] Figure 12 It is Figure 11 an enlarged view of part F in

[0048] Figure 13 It is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the crushing and screening plate in the granule crushing device according to the present invention;

[0049] Figure 14 It is Figure 13 an enlarged view of part G in

[0050] Among them, 1. Bracket; 2. Silo; 2a. Material storage part; 2b. Material transfer part; 3. Crushing shell; 4. First crushing roller; 5. Second crushing roller; 6. First crushing disc; 7. First crushing teeth; 8. Second crushing disc; 9. Second crushing teeth; 10. Crushing and screening plate; 11. Driving motor; 12. Stabilizing ring; 13. Support seat; 14. Elastic part; 15. Driving column; 16. Driving eccentric wheel; 17. Lifting driven wheel; 18. Lifting driving wheel; 19. Lifting transmission part; 20. Termination strip; 21. Scraping opening; 22. Discharge port; 23. Export plate; 24. Scraping frame; 25. Dovetail strip; 26. Dovetail groove; 27. Anti - detachment cap; 28. Opening and closing plate; 29. Import and export; 30. Translation opening; 31. Sliding block; 32. Support frame; 33. Opening and closing column; 34. Vertical part; 35. Linkage part; 36. Linkage part; 37. Linkage hole; 38. Transmission column; 39. Opening and closing driven wheel; 40. Opening and closing driving wheel; 41. Opening and closing transmission part; 42. Incomplete gear; 42a. Smooth part; 42b. Gear part; 43. Positioning part; 44. Opening and closing gear; 45. Anti - rotation part; 46. Anti - rotation groove; 47. Relief groove; 48. Retraction plate; 49. Elastic body. Detailed implementation mode

[0051] The following further elaborates on the crushing device and method based on granular materials proposed by the present invention in conjunction with the attached drawings and specific embodiments. According to the following description, the advantages and features of the present invention will be clearer. It should be noted that the attached drawings all adopt very simplified forms and non - precise scales, only for conveniently and clearly assisting in explaining the purpose of the embodiments of the present invention. The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings represent the same or similar components.

[0052] A crushing device based on granular materials, as Figures 1 to 14 shown, includes a bracket 1 and the following components located on the bracket 1:

[0053] A silo 2, and an opening and closing mechanism for controlling the opening and closing of the silo 2 is provided at the bottom of the silo 2;

[0054] A crushing shell 3, the cross - section of the crushing shell 3 is rectangular, and the crushing shell 3 is vertically through - shaped;

[0055] A first crushing roller 4 and a second crushing roller 5, both the first crushing roller 4 and the second crushing roller 5 are horizontally rotatably connected to the crushing housing 3. A plurality of first crushing discs 6 are spaced apart on the first crushing roller 4. A plurality of first crushing teeth 7 are provided on the outer wall of the first crushing disc 6. A plurality of second crushing discs 8 are spaced apart on the second crushing roller 5. A plurality of second crushing teeth 9 are provided on the outer wall of the second crushing disc 8. The first crushing discs 6 and the second crushing discs 8 are arranged in a staggered manner. There is an active fitting state between adjacent first crushing discs 6 and second crushing discs 8, between the first crushing discs 6 at the edge and the inner wall of the crushing housing 3, and between the second crushing discs 8 at the edge and the inner wall of the crushing housing 3;

[0056] A first driving mechanism and a second driving mechanism, the first driving mechanism and the second driving mechanism are respectively used to drive the first crushing roller 4 and the second crushing roller 5 to rotate;

[0057] A crushing and screening plate 10, the crushing and screening plate 10 is porous, and the periphery of the crushing and screening plate 10 is actively fitted to the inner wall of the crushing housing 3. The crushing and screening plate 10 is lower than the first crushing discs 6 and the second crushing discs 8;

[0058] A third driving mechanism, the third driving mechanism is used to drive the crushing and screening plate 10 to reciprocate up and down.

[0059] Both ends of the first crushing roller 4 and the second crushing roller 5 are located outside the crushing housing 3. The first driving mechanism includes a driving motor 11, and the output shaft of the driving motor 11 is connected to the end of the first crushing roller 4;

[0060] The second driving mechanism includes a driving gear and a driven gear meshing with the driving gear. The driving gear is connected to the outer wall of the first crushing roller 4, and the driven gear is connected to the outer wall of the second crushing roller 5. The driving gear and the driven gear are both located outside the crushing housing 3.

[0061] A stabilizing ring 12 is vertically provided at the top periphery of the crushing and screening plate 10, and the stabilizing ring 12 is actively fitted to the inner wall of the crushing housing 3.

[0062] A plurality of support seats 13 are provided on the inner wall of the crushing housing 3. An elastic member 14 in a continuously compressed state is provided between the top of the support seat 13 and the bottom of the crushing and screening plate 10;

[0063] The third driving mechanism includes a driving column 15 horizontally and rotatably connected to the crushing shell 3. A number of eccentric driving eccentric wheels 16 are provided on the outer wall of the driving column 15. The upper side of the driving eccentric wheel 16 is movably attached to the bottom of the crushing and screening plate 10. The end of the driving column 15 is located outside the crushing shell 3. A lifting driven wheel 17 is provided on the outer wall of the driving column 15. A lifting driving wheel 18 is provided on the second crushing roller 5. A lifting transmission member 19 is movably sleeved on the outer walls of the lifting driving wheel 18 and the lifting driven wheel 17.

[0064] A termination strip 20 is horizontally arranged on the inner wall of the crushing shell 3. When the driving eccentric wheel 16 drives the crushing and screening plate 10 to reach the highest height, the top of the stabilizing ring 12 abuts against the bottom of the termination strip 20.

[0065] A scraping opening is horizontally formed on one side of the stabilizing ring 12. The bottom of the scraping opening 21 is at the same height as the top of the crushing and screening plate 10. An outlet 22 communicating with the scraping opening is formed on the side of the crushing shell 3. A guiding plate 23 is obliquely arranged on the outer wall of the crushing shell 3. The top of the guiding plate 23 is connected to the crushing shell 3 below the outlet 22.

[0066] A scraping frame 24 is horizontally arranged on the top of the crushing and screening plate 10. The cross-section of the scraping frame 24 is rectangular, and three sides of the scraping frame 24 are attached to the inner wall of the stabilizing ring 12, and the other side is matched with the scraping opening. Dovetail strips 25 are horizontally arranged on the inner walls of the stabilizing ring 12 on both sides of the scraping opening. Dovetail grooves 26 matched with the dovetail strips 25 are formed on the outer side of the scraping frame 24. Anti-loosening screws are threadedly connected to the outer ends of the dovetail strips 25. Anti-loosening caps 27 are arranged on the anti-loosening screws. The anti-loosening caps 27 abut against the outer side of the scraping frame 24. Pulling the scraping frame 24 outwards can enable the scraping frame 24 to pass through the scraping opening 21 and the outlet 22 in sequence.

[0067] The material bin 2 includes a horn-shaped storage part 2a and a material conveying part 2b communicating with the bottom of the storage part 2a. The cross-section of the material conveying part 2b is rectangular and matched with the crushing shell 3.

[0068] Long-strip-shaped inlet / outlet openings 29 and two translation openings 30 are respectively formed on three adjacent side walls of the material conveying part 2b. The two translation openings 30 are located on the opposite sides of the material conveying part 2b. The inlet / outlet opening 29 is located between the two translation openings 30. The inlet / outlet opening 29 is at the same height as the two translation openings 30.

[0069] The opening and closing mechanism includes an opening and closing plate 28 horizontally and movably arranged on the material conveying part 2b. The side part of the opening and closing plate 28 is movably attached to the inner wall of the inlet and outlet 29. Slide blocks 31 in the shape of rectangular parallelepipeds are arranged on the outer sides of both ends. The two slide blocks 31 are respectively movably attached to the inner walls of the two translation openings 30. A support frame 32 is vertically arranged on the support 1. An opening and closing column 33 and a fourth driving mechanism for driving the opening and closing column 33 to rotate horizontally are arranged on the support frame 32. The inner end of the opening and closing column 33 is provided with a vertical part 34 perpendicular to the opening and closing column 33. The inner side of the free end of the vertical part 34 is provided with a cylindrical linkage part 35. A linkage member 36 is vertically arranged on the outer side of the slide block 31. A linkage hole 37 is vertically opened through the middle of the linkage member 36. The linkage part 35 is movably attached to the inner wall of the linkage hole 37. When the opening and closing column 33 rotates, the opening and closing plate 28 can be driven to perform horizontal reciprocating motion through the vertical part 34, the linkage part 35, and the linkage member 36, and the opening and closing of the material conveying part 2b can be controlled. Both sides of the crushing shell 3 are provided with the opening and closing columns 33.

[0070] A transmission column 38 is also horizontally rotatably arranged on the support frame 32. An opening and closing driven wheel 39 is arranged at the outer end of the transmission column 38. An opening and closing driving wheel 40 is arranged on the outer wall of the second crushing roller 5. An opening and closing transmission member 41 is movably sleeved on the outer walls of the opening and closing driving wheel 40 and the opening and closing driven wheel 39;

[0071] The inner end of the transmission column 38 is provided with an incomplete gear 42. The incomplete gear 42 includes a smooth part 42a and a gear part 42b. A sector-shaped positioning part 43 is arranged on the side of the incomplete gear 42. An opening and closing gear 44 is arranged on the outer wall of the opening and closing column 33. An anti-rotation part 45 is arranged on the side of the opening and closing gear 44. An arc-shaped anti-rotation groove 46 is opened at the free end of the anti-rotation part 45;

[0072] When the outer side of the positioning part 43 is movably attached to the anti-rotation groove 46, the smooth part 42a is located at the bottom end of the opening and closing gear 44, and the opening and closing plate 28 is in a closed state;

[0073] When the gear part 42b meshes with the bottom of the opening and closing gear 44, the anti-rotation part 45 and the positioning part 43 are in a separated state, and when the incomplete gear 42 rotates one circle, the opening and closing gear 44 rotates one circle;

[0074] A relief groove 47 is formed in the inner wall of the material conveying part 2b. The longitudinal section of the relief groove 47 is fan-shaped. A retractable plate 48 is hinged at the bottom of the relief groove 47. The free end of the retractable plate 48 is movably attached to the top of the relief groove 47, and both ends are movably attached to the inner wall of the material conveying part 2b. An elastic body 49 is arranged between the inner wall of the relief groove 47 and the inner side of the retractable plate 48. The inner side of the opening and closing plate 28 faces the outer side of the retractable plate 48. When the retractable plate 48 is in a vertical state, the elastic body 49 is in its original length state, and the plane where the outer side of the retractable plate 48 is located is coplanar with the plane where the inner wall of the material conveying part 2b is located.

[0075] The present invention also provides a method of using the comminution device for particulate materials as described in any one of the above, comprising the following steps:

[0076] S1, the opening and closing mechanism opens the bottom of the silo 2, and the material falls into the comminution shell 3;

[0077] S2, the first crushing disc 6 and the second crushing disc 8 rotate towards each other, and the material is preliminarily crushed by the first crushing teeth 7 and the second crushing teeth 9 and then falls;

[0078] S3, the materials with smaller particle sizes directly fall downward through the sieve holes on the comminution and screening plate 10, and the materials with larger particle sizes are crushed during the up-and-down shaking of the comminution and screening plate 10 and fall downward through the comminution and screening plate 10.

[0079] For the comminution device for particulate materials provided by the present invention, when comminuting the material, first, the opening and closing mechanism opens the bottom of the silo 2, and the material falls into the comminution shell 3; then the first crushing disc 6 and the second crushing disc 8 rotate towards each other, and the material is preliminarily crushed by the first crushing teeth 7 and the second crushing teeth 9 and then falls; the materials with smaller particle sizes directly fall downward through the sieve holes on the comminution and screening plate 10, and the materials with larger particle sizes are crushed during the up-and-down shaking of the comminution and screening plate 10 and fall downward through the comminution and screening plate 10.

[0080] The object used in this application is preferably a powdery material that is prone to caking, especially in the production processes of chemicals, food, and pharmaceuticals. The main purpose of the first crushing disc 6 and the second crushing disc 8 (requiring only a relatively small power) is to allow the materials with smaller particle sizes to pass through directly and to conduct preliminary crushing on the caked materials; then the function of the crushing and screening plate 10 is to screen the powdery materials with small enough particle sizes. Secondly, during the vibration process, it can also collide with the particles, causing collisions between the particles and between the particles and the inner wall of the crushing shell 3, thereby further crushing the materials and enabling almost all the materials to pass through the crushing and screening plate 10 after being crushed. At the same time, since the crushing and screening plate 10 vibrates up and down, it can also effectively prevent the granular materials from getting stuck in the screening holes of the crushing and screening plate 10, ensuring the screening efficiency.

[0081] In this way, there is no need to additionally set up equipment for deeply crushing the uncrushed granular materials. At the same time, compared with the materials where most of the materials are powdery and only part of the materials are caked, when using a double-roll crusher for crushing, since most of them are powdery, it is easy to cause the problem of low crushing efficiency (the gap between the two rolls is small, and the passing speed of the powdery materials is slow); while when using the device of this application for crushing, it can ensure both the efficiency and the quality of crushing.

[0082] The materials are in the storage part 2a, but it is preferably to use a conveyor belt or a screw conveyor, etc. to regularly convey the materials into the storage part 2a. Firstly, it can make the conveyor belt or the screw conveyor work regularly, saving electric energy. Secondly, it can also extend the service life of the conveyor belt or the screw conveyor; secondly, the total amount of materials in the storage part 2a is small, which can make the material pressure at the opening and closing plate 28 small, preventing too many materials from flowing into the crushing shell 3.

[0083] During the crushing process, the driving motor 11 drives the first crushing roll 4 to rotate. At the same time, the first crushing roll 4 drives the second crushing roll 5 to rotate through the driving gear and the driven gear, so as to conduct preliminary crushing on the materials and enable the powdery materials to directly pass through the first crushing disc 6 and the second crushing disc 8; preferably, the thicknesses of the first crushing disc 6 and the second crushing disc 8 are both small, which can better conduct preliminary crushing on the materials.

[0084] During the rotation of the second crushing roll 5, it also drives the opening and closing driving wheel 40 and the lifting driving wheel 18 to rotate. Then, through the opening and closing transmission member 41 and the lifting transmission member 19 respectively, it drives the opening and closing driven wheel 39 and the lifting driven wheel 17 to rotate (where the opening and closing driving wheel 40, the lifting driving wheel 18, the opening and closing driven wheel 39, and the lifting driven wheel 17 can be either smooth wheels or sprockets, and the opening and closing transmission member 41 and the lifting transmission member 19 are also appropriate belts or chains, etc.).

[0085] When the lifting driven wheel 17 rotates, it can drive a number of (preferably two) driving eccentric wheels 16 to rotate through the driving column 15, and the two driving eccentric wheels 16 act on the middle parts of both ends of the crushing and screening plate 10. Since the driving eccentric wheel 16 is in an eccentric shape and the bottom of the crushing and screening plate 10 is provided with an elastic member 14, under the driving action of the elastic member 14 and the driving eccentric wheel 16, the crushing and screening plate 10 shakes up and down, thereby accelerating screening and deep crushing of the material.

[0086] When the driving eccentric wheel 16 drives the crushing and screening plate 10 to move to the highest height, although the crushing and screening plate 10 has a tendency to move upward under the inertial force at this time, the top of the stable ring 12 touches the bottom of the stop bar 20 at this time, so that the crushing and screening plate 10 cannot continue to rise. In this way, the particles can be separated from the crushing and screening plate 10, which is convenient for the next impact between the falling granular material and the crushing and screening plate 10, facilitating the crushing process. At the same time, in the actual use process, the crushing and screening plate 10 can also lift the granular material, so that the granular material impacts on the first crushing disc 6 and the second crushing disc 8 and is broken by the first crushing disc 6 and the second crushing disc 8.

[0087] During the whole use process, the outside of the stable ring 12 and the scraping frame 24 can block the discharge port 22, thereby preventing the internal material from spilling out. After using for a period of time, there will be some impurities or too hard lumps (usually less) that cannot pass through the crushing and screening plate 10. At this time, the equipment needs to be stopped and the anti-loosening screw is removed. Then, the scraping frame 24 can be directly pulled out from the discharge port 22 outward. During the pulling process, the frame-shaped scraping frame 24 can drive the impurities or lumps on the crushing and screening plate 10 to the outside of the discharge port 22. In this way, not only can the impurities be easily screened out, but also the cleaning operation is more convenient.

[0088] After cleaning, if there are no other impurities, the scraping frame 24 can be directly reinstalled on the stable ring 12 through the discharge port 22. If there are still impurities, manual cleaning can be carried out. When reinstalling the scraping frame 24, only need to insert the dovetail bar 25 into the dovetail groove 26, push the scraping frame 24 inward to the end, and finally thread the anti-loosening screw onto the dovetail bar 25. At this time, the anti-loosening cap 27 can prevent the scraping frame 24 from slipping outwards. At the same time, the cooperation between the dovetail bar 25 and the dovetail groove 26 makes the crushing and screening plate 10, the stable ring 12 and the scraping frame 24 form an integral shape during the vibration process of the crushing and screening plate 10; and the outside of the scraping frame 24 at the discharge port 22 can be movably attached to the inner wall of the crushing shell 3.

[0089] During the rotation of the second crushing roller 5, it is driven to rotate through the opening and closing transmission member 41, its driven wheel driving the incomplete gear 42 and the positioning portion 43; among them, if the opening and closing plate 28 is in the closed state at this time, that is, the sliding block 31 is at the end of the translation port 30 away from the inlet and outlet 29, then the outside of the positioning portion 43 is movably fitted in the anti-rotation groove 46, and at the same time, the positioning portion 43 can limit the inner wall of the anti-rotation groove 46 and prevent the anti-rotation portion 45, the opening and closing gear 44, the opening and closing column 33, the vertical portion 34 and the linkage portion 35 from rotating, but at this time, the opening and closing driven wheel 39 and the incomplete gear 42 can rotate normally (the smooth portion 42a does not interact with the opening and closing gear 44);

[0090] At a certain node, the gear portion 42b rotates to the bottom of the opening and closing gear 44, and exactly the positioning portion 43 is separated from the anti-rotation portion 45. At this time, the gear portion 42b can mesh with the opening and closing gear 44 and drive the opening and closing gear 44 to rotate; when the opening and closing gear 44 rotates, the opening and closing column 33, the vertical portion 34 and the linkage portion 35 rotate, and the linkage portion 35 acts on the inner wall of the linkage hole 37; however, since the sliding block 31 is in the shape of a cuboid, the linkage member 36 cannot change its angle and can only translate; thus, when both sides of the linkage member 36 are driven by the corresponding linkage portion 35, the opening and closing plate 28 can be driven outward to move, and at this time, the opening and closing plate 28 is in an open state with the inner wall of the material conveying portion 2b, and the material can fall naturally;

[0091] When the gear portion 42b just separates from the opening and closing gear 44, at this time, the opening and closing column 33 has rotated 360 degrees. Thus, the opening and closing plate 28 first moves outward through the inlet and outlet 29, and then moves inward through the inlet and outlet 29. And at this node, the opening and closing plate 28 closes the material conveying portion 2b, and the end of the smooth portion 42a moves to the bottom end of the opening and closing gear 44, and the positioning portion 43 is inserted into the anti-rotation groove 46 to position the opening and closing gear 44 again.

[0092] In this way, throughout the process, the second crushing roller 5 drives the opening and closing plate 28 to perform reciprocating horizontal movement, and controls the material in the material conveying portion 2b to fall and close regularly, without the need for manual feeding by workers, with a high degree of automation. Moreover, since the amount of material dropped each time is small, it prevents the poor crushing and screening effects caused by the concentration of too much material.

[0093] When the opening and closing plate 28 is closest to the retraction plate 48, the retraction plate 48 is either in a vertical state and in conflict with the opening and closing plate 28, or is squeezed by the material and is in a state of being located in the give way groove 47; if it is the former, the retraction plate 48 does not affect the normal movement of the opening and closing plate 28, and also does not affect the normal falling of the material; but if it is the latter, some of the material falls downward through the opening and closing plate 28 and the retraction plate 48, but since the activity space of the retraction plate 48 is limited, the falling material does not affect the normal progress of the entire processing process.

[0094] Since some materials contain particles, if the inner wall of the transmission part 2b is hard and vertical, and if a hard block is clamped between the opening and closing plate 28 and the transmission part 2b, the equipment will be shut down or frozen or even damaged (because the opening and closing plate 28 and the linkage 36 cannot move at this time, the linkage part 35, the vertical part 34, the opening and closing gear 44, the incomplete gear 42, and the second crushing roller 5 cannot rotate). However, in the present embodiment, an elastic body 49 is provided between the inner side of the retraction plate 48 and the inner wall of the clearance groove 47. Thus, even if there is a hard block between the retraction plate 48 and the opening and closing plate 28, the retraction plate 48 can move toward the inner cavity of the clearance groove 47 and enable the opening and closing plate 28 to move normally. Afterwards, when the opening and closing plate 28 moves in the direction away from the retraction plate 48, under the elastic force of the elastic body 49, the retraction plate 48 can push the material outward into the material transfer portion 2b. At the same time, since the retraction plate 48 is in a vertical state when the elastic body 49 is in its original length, the material can be better prevented from entering the clearance groove 47, thereby ensuring that the retraction plate 48 can function normally and continuously.

[0095] No matter where the opening and closing plate 28 moves to, its upper and lower sides and both outer sides are movably fitted on the inner walls of the inlet and outlet 29. According to actual conditions, a support tube can be horizontally arranged on the outer wall of the material transfer part 2b. At the same time, the length of the opening and closing plate 28 can be lengthened, and the outer side of the opening and closing plate 28 can be movably fitted on the inner wall of the support tube. In this way, the position and activity stability of the opening and closing plate 28 can be further improved.

[0096] In another embodiment, the width of the material transfer portion 2b is smaller than the width of the crushing shell 3. This not only requires a shorter linkage member 36 and a smaller diameter opening and closing gear 44, but also, because the width of the material transfer portion 2b is smaller, when the material falls through the material transfer portion 2b, it can be more concentrated in the middle part, and can better act on the first crushing disk 6 and the second crushing disk 8, and the crushing effect is also better.

[0097] The above description is only a description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any changes or modifications made by a person skilled in the art in the field of the present invention based on the above disclosure shall fall within the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A crushing device based on granular materials, characterized in that, Comprising a bracket (1) and the following components located on the bracket (1): A silo (2), the bottom of the silo (2) being provided with an opening and closing mechanism for controlling the opening and closing of the silo (2); A crushing shell (3), the cross-section of the crushing shell (3) being rectangular, and the crushing shell (3) being vertically through; A first crushing roller (4) and a second crushing roller (5), the first crushing roller (4) and the second crushing roller (5) both being horizontally rotatably connected to the crushing shell (3), a plurality of first crushing discs (6) being spaced apart on the first crushing roller (4), a plurality of first crushing teeth (7) being provided on the outer wall of the first crushing disc (6), a plurality of second crushing discs (8) being spaced apart on the second crushing roller (5), a plurality of second crushing teeth (9) being provided on the outer wall of the second crushing disc (8), the first crushing discs (6) and the second crushing discs (8) being staggered, and between adjacent first crushing discs (6) and second crushing discs (8), between the first crushing disc (6) at the edge and the inner wall of the crushing shell (3), and between the second crushing disc (8) at the edge and the inner wall of the crushing shell (3) are all in a state of active fitting; A first driving mechanism and a second driving mechanism, the first driving mechanism and the second driving mechanism being respectively used to drive the first crushing roller (4) and the second crushing roller (5) to rotate; A crushing and screening plate (10), the crushing and screening plate (10) being porous, and the periphery of the crushing and screening plate (10) being actively fitted to the inner wall of the crushing shell (3), the crushing and screening plate (10) being lower than the first crushing disc (6) and the second crushing disc (8); A third driving mechanism, the third driving mechanism being used to drive the crushing and screening plate (10) to reciprocate up and down; Both ends of the first crushing roller (4) and the second crushing roller (5) are located outside the crushing shell (3), the first driving mechanism includes a driving motor (11), and the output shaft of the driving motor (11) is connected to the end of the first crushing roller (4); The second driving mechanism includes a driving gear and a driven gear meshing with the driving gear, the driving gear being connected to the outer wall of the first crushing roller (4), the driven gear being connected to the outer wall of the second crushing roller (5), and the driving gear and the driven gear are both located outside the crushing shell (3); The silo (2) includes a horn-shaped material storage part (2a) and a material conveying part (2b) communicating with the bottom of the material storage part (2a), the cross-section of the material conveying part (2b) being rectangular and matching with the crushing shell (3); Three adjacent side walls of the material conveying part (2b) are respectively provided with a long strip-shaped inlet and outlet and two translation ports, the two translation ports being located on opposite sides of the material conveying part (2b), the inlet and outlet being located between the two translation ports, and the inlet and outlet being at the same height as the two translation ports; The opening and closing mechanism includes an opening and closing plate (28) horizontally and movably arranged on the material conveying part (2b). The side part of the opening and closing plate (28) is movably attached to the inner wall of the inlet and outlet. Slide blocks (31) in the shape of rectangular parallelepipeds are arranged on the outer sides of both ends. The two slide blocks (31) are respectively movably attached to the inner walls of the two translation openings. A support frame (32) is vertically arranged on the support (1). An opening and closing column (33) and a fourth driving mechanism for driving the opening and closing column (33) to rotate horizontally are arranged on the support frame (32). The inner end of the opening and closing column (33) is provided with a vertical part (34) perpendicular to the opening and closing column (33). The inner side of the free end of the vertical part (34) is provided with a cylindrical linkage part (35). A linkage member (36) is vertically arranged on the outer side of the slide block (31). A linkage hole (37) is vertically opened through the middle of the linkage member (36). The linkage part (35) is movably attached to the inner wall of the linkage hole (37). When the opening and closing column (33) rotates, the opening and closing plate (28) can be driven to perform horizontal reciprocating motion through the vertical part (34), the linkage part (35), and the linkage member (36), and the opening and closing of the material conveying part (2b) can be controlled; A transmission column (38) is also horizontally rotatably arranged on the support frame (32). An opening and closing driven wheel (39) is arranged at the outer end of the transmission column (38). An opening and closing driving wheel (40) is arranged on the outer wall of the second crushing roller (5). An opening and closing transmission member (41) is movably sleeved on the outer walls of the opening and closing driving wheel (40) and the opening and closing driven wheel (39); An incomplete gear (42) is arranged at the inner end of the transmission column (38). The incomplete gear (42) includes a smooth part (42a) and a gear part (42b). A fan-shaped positioning part (43) is arranged on the side of the incomplete gear (42). An opening and closing gear (44) is arranged on the outer wall of the opening and closing column (33). An anti-rotation part (45) is arranged on the side of the opening and closing gear (44). An arc-shaped anti-rotation groove (46) is opened at the free end of the anti-rotation part (45); When the outer side of the positioning part (43) is movably attached to the anti-rotation groove (46), the smooth part (42a) is located at the bottom end of the opening and closing gear (44), and the opening and closing plate (28) is in a closed state; When the gear part (42b) meshes with the bottom of the opening and closing gear (44), the anti-rotation part (45) and the positioning part (43) are in a separated state, and when the incomplete gear (42) rotates one circle, the opening and closing gear (44) rotates one circle; A relief groove (47) is formed in the inner wall of the material conveying part (2b). The longitudinal section of the relief groove (47) is fan-shaped. A retraction plate (48) is hinged at the bottom of the relief groove (47). The free end of the retraction plate (48) is movably attached to the top of the relief groove (47), and both ends are movably attached to the inner wall of the material conveying part (2b). An elastic body (49) is arranged between the inner wall of the relief groove (47) and the inner side of the retraction plate (48). The inner side of the opening and closing plate (28) faces the outer side of the retraction plate (48). When the retraction plate (48) is in a vertical state, the elastic body (49) is in its original length state, and the plane where the outer side of the retraction plate (48) is located is coplanar with the plane where the inner wall of the material conveying part (2b) is located. A number of support seats (13) are arranged on the inner wall of the crushing shell (3). An elastic member (14) in a continuously compressed state is arranged between the top of the support seat (13) and the bottom of the crushing and screening plate (10). The third driving mechanism includes a driving column (15) horizontally and rotatably connected to the crushing shell (3). A number of eccentric driving eccentric wheels (16) are arranged on the outer wall of the driving column (15). The upper side of the driving eccentric wheel (16) is movably attached to the bottom of the crushing and screening plate (10). The end of the driving column (15) is located outside the crushing shell (3). A lifting driven wheel (17) is arranged on the outer wall of the driving column (15). A lifting driving wheel (18) is arranged on the second crushing roller (5). A lifting transmission member (19) is movably sleeved on the outer walls of the lifting driving wheel (18) and the lifting driven wheel (17).

2. The granule-based crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A stabilizing ring (12) is vertically arranged on the peripheral edge of the top of the crushing and screening plate (10). The stabilizing ring (12) is movably attached to the inner wall of the crushing shell (3).

3. The comminution device based on granular material according to claim 2, characterized in that A stop strip (20) is horizontally arranged on the inner wall of the crushing shell (3). When the driving eccentric wheel (16) drives the crushing and screening plate (10) to reach the highest height, the top of the stabilizing ring (12) abuts against the bottom of the stop strip (20).

4. The comminution device based on particulate material according to claim 2, characterized in that, A scraping opening (21) is horizontally formed on one side of the stabilizing ring (12). The bottom of the scraping opening (21) is at the same height as the top of the crushing and screening plate (10). An outlet (22) communicating with the scraping opening is formed on the side of the crushing shell (3). A guiding plate (23) is obliquely arranged on the outer wall of the crushing shell (3). The top of the guiding plate (23) is connected to the crushing shell (3) below the outlet (22). A scraping frame (24) is horizontally arranged at the top of the crushing and screening plate (10). The cross-section of the scraping frame (24) is rectangular, and three sides of the scraping frame (24) are attached to the inner wall of the stabilizing ring (12), and the other side is matched with the scraping opening. Dovetail bars (25) are horizontally arranged on the inner walls of the stabilizing ring (12) on both sides of the scraping opening. Dovetail grooves (26) matched with the dovetail bars (25) are formed on the outer side of the scraping frame (24). Anti-loosening screws are threadedly connected to the outer ends of the dovetail bars (25), and anti-loosening caps (27) are arranged on the anti-loosening screws. The anti-loosening caps (27) abut against the outer side of the scraping frame (24). Pulling the scraping frame (24) outwards enables the scraping frame (24) to sequentially pass through the scraping opening (21) and the discharge opening (22).

5. The comminution device based on granular materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, Opening and closing columns (33) are provided on both sides of the crushing shell (3).

6. A method of using a pellet-based comminution device as claimed in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Comprising the following steps: S1, the opening and closing mechanism opens the bottom of the feed bin (2), and the material falls into the crushing shell (3); S2, the first crushing disc (6) and the second crushing disc (8) rotate towards each other, and the material is preliminarily crushed by the first crushing teeth (7) and the second crushing teeth (9) and then falls; S3, the material with a smaller particle size directly falls downward through the sieve holes on the crushing and screening plate (10), and the material with a larger particle size is crushed during the up-and-down shaking of the crushing and screening plate (10) and falls downward through the crushing and screening plate (10).

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