An extruder

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of extruders, and in particular to an extruder. The following scheme is proposed, which specifically includes a machine base and a machine cover, wherein the interior of the machine base and the machine cover is sequentially provided with a preheating section, an exhaust section, a melting section and an extrusion section, and an extrusion nozzle is installed inside the extrusion section, and the interior of the preheating section, the exhaust section, the melting section and the extrusion section is provided with an extrusion screw, and an extrusion motor for driving the extrusion screw to rotate is installed at the end of the machine base. In the present invention, the crushed materials pass through the preheating section, the exhaust section, the melting section and the extrusion section in sequence under the push of the extrusion screw, and the crushed materials are heated and softened in the preheating section to reduce the gap between the crushed material particles, and when the softened plastic raw material enters the exhaust section, the crushed materials are softened and extruded, and the gas existing in the crushed materials is further discharged, effectively avoiding the phenomenon of uneven distribution of components when the raw materials are melted, and avoiding the generation of bubbles inside the plastic when it is melted, which affects the extrusion quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of extruders, in particular to an extruder. Background Art

[0002] Plastic is a polymer compound that is polymerized by addition or condensation reaction with monomers as raw materials. It can be arbitrarily molded into various shapes and can keep the shape unchanged. Plastic has a medium deformation resistance, between fiber and rubber. It is composed of synthetic resin and fillers, plasticizers, stabilizers, lubricants, colorants and other additives. Plastic, synthetic rubber and synthetic fibers form the three major synthetic materials that are indispensable in daily life. Specifically, plastic is a material that uses natural or synthetic resin as the main component, adds various additives, can be molded into a certain shape under certain temperature and pressure conditions, and keeps the shape unchanged at room temperature.

[0003] The different properties of plastics determine their uses in life and industry. Compared with metal, stone and wood, plastic products have the advantages of low cost and strong plasticity. The production and manufacturing of most plastic products can be achieved by extrusion molding. The raw material of the extruder is granular plastic raw material, and many plastic products require a variety of granular raw materials. The size difference between the raw material particles can easily cause uneven mixing of the raw materials, and the gaps between the particles will produce many bubbles during melting, causing the extruder to generate a lot of waste gas, and the air between the particles can easily cause bubbles in the extruded plastic melt, affecting the quality of plastic products.

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides an extruder to solve the technical problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art. Summary of the invention

[0005] Based on the technical problems existing in the background technology, the present invention proposes an extruder.

[0006] An extruder proposed in the present invention comprises a machine base and a machine cover, wherein a preheating section, an exhaust section, a melting section and an extrusion section are sequentially arranged inside the machine base and the machine cover, and an extrusion nozzle is installed inside the extrusion section, extrusion screws are arranged inside the preheating section, the exhaust section, the melting section and the extrusion section, and an extrusion motor for driving the extrusion screw to rotate is installed at the end of the machine base, a material distribution mechanism is installed at the front end position of the preheating section, a material storage chamber is installed on the top of the material distribution mechanism, and a mixing mechanism is installed on the top of the material storage chamber, and a plurality of screw conveyors are installed on the top of the mixing mechanism, a closed feeding chamber is arranged between the material distribution mechanism, the material storage chamber and the mixing mechanism, and negative pressure pipes connected to the feeding chamber are arranged on both sides of the material distribution mechanism, a suction pipe is installed between the negative pressure pipe and the exhaust section, and a vacuum pump is installed at the bottom of the suction pipe.

[0007] Preferably in the present invention, the extrusion screw includes a screw main shaft, and the outer side of the screw main shaft is sequentially provided with a push paddle, a softening screw blade, an extrusion paddle and a melting screw blade, the push paddle is composed of multiple sections of spirally distributed shearing knives, and the extrusion paddle is composed of multiple sections of screw paddles with successively decreasing pitches.

[0008] Preferably in the present invention, the cloth mechanism includes a cloth shell, and a plurality of motor-driven cloth rollers are installed on both sides of the interior of the cloth shell, a cloth conveyor belt is sleeved between the outer sides of the plurality of cloth rollers located on the same side, and a plurality of cloth scrapers are arranged on the outer side of the cloth conveyor belt, and a staggered cloth cavity is formed between the two cloth conveyor belts through the cloth scrapers.

[0009] Preferably in the present invention, telescopic cavities are provided at the bottoms of both sides of the material distributing mechanism, and extrusion mechanisms are installed inside the two telescopic cavities.

[0010] Preferably in the present invention, the extrusion mechanism includes an electric push rod and an extrusion block installed on the end of the electric push rod, the outer end of the extrusion block is an arc-shaped structure, and a plurality of obliquely distributed cleaning columns are arranged on the outer side of the extrusion block, and the cleaning columns are in a truncated cone structure.

[0011] Preferably in the present invention, a fixed bracket is installed inside the storage chamber, and a stirring motor is installed on the top of the fixed bracket, a push rod is installed at the bottom end of the output shaft of the stirring motor, and a spirally distributed feeding blade is arranged on the outside of the push rod, and a stirring rod is also installed on the top of the outside of the push rod.

[0012] Preferably in the present invention, the mixing mechanism includes a cover body and a bucket body, a plurality of grinding grooves are arranged at the bottom of the bucket body, a crushing motor is installed at the top of the cover body, a grinding disc is installed at the bottom of the output shaft of the crushing motor, and a plurality of shearing knives are arranged on the outside of the grinding disc.

[0013] Preferably in the present invention, an exhaust cavity with a C-shaped structure is provided above the exhaust section, and an exhaust mechanism that can move up and down is installed inside the exhaust cavity.

[0014] Preferably in the present invention, the exhaust mechanism includes an electric telescopic rod installed on the top of the exhaust section, and a driving rod inserted into the upper part of the exhaust section, and the driving rod is installed at the bottom position of the electric telescopic rod, a damping slide rail is installed at the bottom of the driving rod, and a C-shaped isolation mesh plate is installed at the bottom of the damping slide rail, a plurality of isolation columns are installed at the bottom of the isolation mesh plate, and the middle part of the isolation column is a hollow structure.

[0015] In the present invention, preferably, a heater and a temperature sensor are provided in the middle of the preheating section, the melting section and the extrusion section.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides an extruder having the following beneficial effects:

[0017] In the present invention, a variety of raw materials are conveyed by a screw conveyor and added into a mixing mechanism in proportion. The raw material particles are stirred and ground in the mixing mechanism to initially crush the raw material particles into crushed materials with similar particle sizes. A closed feeding chamber is provided between the feeding mechanism, the storage chamber, and the mixing mechanism. The air in the feeding chamber is extracted by a vacuum pump. After the crushed materials enter the vacuum storage chamber, the feeding mechanism controls the crushed materials to enter the working area of ​​the extrusion screw. The crushed materials pass through the preheating section, the exhaust section, the melting section, and the extrusion section in sequence under the push of the extrusion screw. The crushed materials are subjected to the heat treatment in the preheating section. The plastic material is heated and softened to reduce the gaps between the particles. When the softened plastic raw material enters the exhaust section, the crushed material is softened and extruded to further discharge the gas in the crushed material. The softened raw material is then heated again and extruded from the extruder nozzle after melting. Various plastic raw material particles are crushed and effectively stirred during crushing. The crushed material feeding environment is vacuumed to quickly discharge the air between the particles, effectively avoiding uneven distribution of components when the raw material is melted and bubbles inside the plastic when it is melted, which affects the extrusion quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of an extruder proposed by the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the partial structure of an extruder proposed by the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the distribution structure of an extrusion screw of an extruder proposed by the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of an extrusion screw of an extruder proposed by the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a mixing mechanism of an extruder proposed by the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the material storage chamber structure of an extruder proposed by the present invention;

[0024] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the material distribution mechanism structure of an extruder proposed by the present invention;

[0025] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the distribution structure of the cloth conveyor belt of an extruder proposed by the present invention;

[0026] Fig. 9 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the exhaust mechanism structure of an extruder.

[0027] In the figure: 1 base, 2 exhaust section, 3 suction pipe, 4 negative pressure pipe, 5 storage chamber, 51 fixed bracket, 52 stirring rod, 53 stirring motor, 54 feeding blade, 55 push rod, 6 screw conveyor, 7 mixing mechanism, 71 cover body, 72 bucket body, 73 grinding disc, 74 crushing motor, 75 shear knife, 76 grinding groove, 8 feeding mechanism, 81 feeding shell, 82 feeding roller, 83 feeding conveyor belt, 84 feeding scraper, 85 feeding chamber, 9 extrusion motor, 10 extrusion Mechanism, 101 electric push rod, 102 extrusion block, 103 cleaning column, 11 vacuum pump, 12 extrusion nozzle, 13 extrusion section, 14 machine cover, 15 extrusion screw, 151 screw spindle, 152 pushing paddle, 153 softening propeller blade, 154 extrusion paddle, 155 melting propeller blade, 16 melting section, 17 exhaust mechanism, 171 damping slide rail, 172 driving rod, 173 isolation mesh plate, 174 isolation column, 175 electric telescopic rod, 18 preheating section. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0029] Reference Figure 1-9 An extruder comprises a machine base 1 and a machine cover 14, wherein a preheating section 18, an exhaust section 2, a melting section 16 and an extrusion section 13 are sequentially arranged inside the machine base 1 and the machine cover 14, and an extrusion nozzle 12 is installed inside the extrusion section 13, an extrusion screw 15 is arranged inside the preheating section 18, the exhaust section 2, the melting section 16 and the extrusion section 13, and an extrusion motor 9 for driving the extrusion screw 15 to rotate is installed at the end of the machine base 1, a material distribution mechanism 8 is installed at the front end position of the preheating section 18, a material storage chamber 5 is installed on the top of the material distribution mechanism 8, and a mixing mechanism 7 is installed on the top of the material storage chamber 5, and a plurality of screw conveyors 6 are installed on the top of the mixing mechanism 7, a closed feeding chamber is arranged between the material distribution mechanism 8, the material storage chamber 5 and the mixing mechanism 7, and negative pressure pipes 4 connected to the feeding chamber are arranged on both sides of the material distribution mechanism 8, a suction pipe 3 is installed between the negative pressure pipe 4 and the exhaust section 2, and a vacuum pump 11 is installed at the bottom of the suction pipe 3.

[0030] In the present invention, a variety of raw materials are conveyed by a screw conveyor 6 and added into a mixing mechanism 7 in proportion. The raw material particles are stirred and ground in the mixing mechanism 7 to be initially crushed into crushed materials with similar particle sizes. A closed feeding chamber is provided between the feeding mechanism 8, the storage chamber 5 and the mixing mechanism 7. The air in the feeding chamber is extracted by a vacuum pump 11. After the crushed materials enter the vacuum storage chamber 5, the feeding mechanism 8 controls the crushed materials to enter the working area of ​​the extrusion screw 15. The crushed materials are pushed by the extrusion screw 15 and sequentially pass through the preheating section 18, the exhaust section 2, the melting section 16 and the extrusion section 13. In the preheating section 18, the crushed material is heated and softened to reduce the gaps between the crushed material particles, and when the softened plastic raw material enters the exhaust section 2, the crushed material is softened and extruded to further discharge the gas in the crushed material, and then the softened raw material is heated again, and the raw material is melted and extruded from the extrusion nozzle 12. Various plastic raw material particles are crushed and effectively stirred during crushing, and the crushed material feeding environment is vacuumed to quickly discharge the air between the particles, effectively avoiding the phenomenon of uneven distribution of components when the raw material is melted, and avoiding the generation of bubbles inside the plastic when it is melted, which affects the extrusion quality.

[0031] As a further solution in the present invention, the extrusion screw 15 includes a screw main shaft 151, and the outer side of the screw main shaft 151 is sequentially provided with a pushing paddle 152, a softening spiral blade 153, an extrusion paddle 154 and a melting spiral blade 155. The pushing paddle 152 is composed of a plurality of spirally distributed shearing knives, and the extrusion paddle 154 is composed of a plurality of spiral paddles with successively decreasing pitches. In the present invention, when the crushed particles enter the area of ​​the pushing paddle 152, the spirally distributed shearing knives shear and extrude the crushed particles again, and push the raw materials into the softening spiral blade 153. The softened raw materials enter the area of ​​the extrusion paddle 154, and the spirally distributed spiral paddles extrude the softened raw materials to discharge the air in the raw materials, and at the same time push the softened raw materials into the melting spiral blade 155 for melting and extrusion.

[0032] As a further solution in the present invention, the cloth mechanism 8 includes a cloth shell 81, and a plurality of motor-driven cloth rollers 82 are installed on both sides of the interior of the cloth shell 81, a cloth conveyor belt 83 is sleeved between the outer sides of the plurality of cloth rollers 82 located on the same side, and a plurality of cloth scrapers 84 are arranged on the outer sides of the cloth conveyor belt 83, and a staggered cloth cavity 85 is formed between the two cloth conveyor belts 83 through the cloth scrapers 84. In the present invention, the crushed raw material particles are clamped by the cloth conveyor belts 83 on both sides. At the same time, the crushed materials are divided and squeezed by the cloth scrapers 84 distributed on the outer sides of the cloth conveyor belts 83 to discharge the air between the crushed materials particles, and the crushed raw materials are evenly put into the pushing paddle 152 by controlling the rotation speed of the cloth conveyor belt 83 to keep the raw material addition stable and controllable.

[0033] As a further solution in the present invention, telescopic cavities are provided at the bottom of both sides of the cloth mechanism 8, and extrusion mechanisms 10 are installed inside the two telescopic cavities. In the present invention, when the crushed raw materials enter the area of ​​the pushing paddle 152, the extrusion mechanisms 10 located on both sides of the pushing paddle 152 alternately reciprocate, and the crushed materials on the outside of the pushing paddle 152 are pushed by the extrusion mechanism 10, and the crushed materials on the surface of the pushing paddle 152 are cleaned to avoid the sticking of the crushed materials, and the air in the gap between the crushed materials is discharged by alternating extrusion to reduce the generation of bubbles when the crushed materials are melted.

[0034] As a further scheme in the present invention, the extrusion mechanism 10 includes an electric push rod 101 and an extrusion block 102 installed at the end of the electric push rod 101. The outer end of the extrusion block 102 is an arc-shaped structure, and a plurality of inclined cleaning columns 103 are arranged on the outside of the extrusion block 102. The cleaning column 103 is a truncated cone structure. In the present invention, the electric push rod 101 drives the extrusion block 102 to reciprocate back and forth. The movement speed of the extrusion block 102 is matched with the rotation speed of the push paddle 152, so that when the push paddle 152 rotates, the cleaning column 103 moves through the outside of the push paddle 152, squeezes the crushed materials between the push paddles 152, and effectively cleans the attachments on the surface of the push paddles 152, effectively avoiding blockage caused by accumulation of crushed materials.

[0035] As a further solution in the present invention, a fixed bracket 51 is installed inside the storage chamber 5, and a stirring motor 53 is installed on the top of the fixed bracket 51, a push rod 55 is installed at the bottom end of the output shaft of the stirring motor 53, and a spirally distributed feeding paddle 54 is arranged on the outside of the push rod 55, and a stirring rod 52 is also installed on the top of the outside of the push rod 55. In the present invention, the crushed materials enter the storage chamber 5, and the stirring motor 53 drives the push rod 55, the stirring rod 52 and the feeding paddle 54 to rotate, so as to fully stir the crushed materials, and rely on the feeding paddle 54 extending to the top of the distribution chamber 85 to quickly transfer the crushed materials to the distribution chamber 85, squeeze the pores between the crushed materials, and ensure sufficient mixing between the various raw materials.

[0036] As a further solution in the present invention, the mixing mechanism 7 includes a cover body 71 and a bucket body 72, a plurality of grinding grooves 76 are arranged at the bottom of the bucket body 72, a crushing motor 74 is installed at the top of the cover body 71, and a grinding disc 73 is installed at the bottom of the output shaft of the crushing motor 74, and a plurality of shearing knives 75 are arranged on the outer side of the grinding disc 73. In the present invention, a variety of raw materials enter the mixing mechanism 7 from the cover body 71, and the raw material particles are broken up and sheared by the rotating shearing knife 75, and the grinding operation between the grinding disc 73 and the grinding groove 76 is relied on to crush the plastic particles of different sizes into fragments with uniform particle size, and the fragments are fully mixed to complete the mixing between the raw materials, and the gap size between the particles is reduced, thereby further reducing the air content in the extruder.

[0037] As a further solution in the present invention, a C-shaped exhaust chamber is provided above the exhaust section 2, and an exhaust mechanism 17 that can move up and down is installed inside the exhaust chamber. In the present invention, the softened raw material is squeezed in the extrusion paddle 154 area composed of multiple propeller plates with successively decreasing pitches, and the extruded gas is discharged from the top of the exhaust section 2. The exhaust mechanism 17 reciprocates up and down to squeeze the softened raw material and clean the crops attached to the surface of the extrusion paddle 154, thereby increasing the gas exhaust speed.

[0038] As a further solution in the present invention, the exhaust mechanism 17 includes an electric telescopic rod 175 installed on the top of the exhaust section 2, and a driving rod 172 inserted into the upper part of the exhaust section 2, and the driving rod 172 is installed at the bottom position of the electric telescopic rod 175, and a damping slide rail 171 is installed at the bottom of the driving rod 172, and a C-shaped isolation mesh plate 173 is installed at the bottom of the damping slide rail 171, and a plurality of isolation columns 174 are installed at the bottom of the isolation mesh plate 173, and the middle part of the isolation column 174 is a hollow structure. In the present invention, when the extrusion paddle plate 154 rotates, the edge of the isolation column 174 slides and rubs against the outer side of the extrusion paddle plate 154, so as to peel off the softened raw material on the surface of the extrusion paddle plate 154, and squeeze the softened raw material through the front and back movement and up and down movement of the isolation mesh plate 173, so as to accelerate the elimination efficiency of bubbles in the softened raw material.

[0039] As a further solution of the present invention, heaters and temperature sensors are provided in the middle of the preheating section 18 , the melting section 16 and the extrusion section 13 .

[0040] When in use, a variety of raw materials are conveyed by the screw conveyor 6 and added into the mixing mechanism 7 in proportion. The raw material particles are stirred and ground in the mixing mechanism 7 to preliminarily break the raw material particles into fragments with similar particle sizes. A closed feeding chamber is provided between the feeding mechanism 8, the storage chamber 5 and the mixing mechanism 7. The air in the feeding chamber is extracted by the vacuum pump 11. After the fragments enter the vacuum storage chamber 5, the fragments are controlled by the feeding mechanism 8 to enter the working area of ​​the extrusion screw 15. The fragments are pushed by the extrusion screw 15 to pass through the preheating section 18, the exhaust section 2, the melting section 16 and the extrusion section 13 in turn. In the preheating section 18, the fragments are heated and softened to reduce the gaps between the fragment particles. When the softened plastic raw material enters the exhaust section 2, the fragments are softened and extruded to further discharge the gas in the fragments. Then, the softened raw material is heated again and extruded from the extrusion nozzle 12 after the raw material melts.

[0041] The above are only preferred specific implementation modes of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical solutions and inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An extruder, comprising a machine base (1) and a machine cover (14), wherein a preheating section (18), an exhaust section (2), a melting section (16) and an extrusion section (13) are sequentially arranged inside the machine base (1) and the machine cover (14), and an extrusion nozzle (12) is installed inside the extrusion section (13). It is characterized in that An extrusion screw (15) is arranged inside the preheating section (18), the exhaust section (2), the melting section (16) and the extrusion section (13), and an extrusion motor (9) for driving the extrusion screw (15) to rotate is installed at the end of the machine base (1). A material distribution mechanism (8) is installed at the front end of the preheating section (18), a material storage chamber (5) is installed on the top of the material distribution mechanism (8), and a mixing mechanism (7) is installed on the top of the material storage chamber (5). A plurality of screw conveyors (6) are installed on the top of the mixing mechanism (7). A sealed feed chamber is arranged between the material distribution mechanism (8), the material storage chamber (5) and the mixing mechanism (7), and negative pressure pipes (4) connected to the feed chamber are arranged on both sides of the material distribution mechanism (8). A suction pipe (3) is installed between the negative pressure pipe (4) and the exhaust section (2), and a vacuum pump (11) is installed at the bottom of the suction pipe (3); The material distributing mechanism (8) comprises a material distributing housing (81), and a plurality of material distributing rollers (82) driven by a motor are installed on both sides of the interior of the material distributing housing (81), a material distributing conveyor belt (83) is sleeved between the outer sides of the plurality of material distributing rollers (82) located on the same side, and a plurality of material distributing scrapers (84) are arranged on the outer sides of the material distributing conveyor belt (83), and a staggered material distributing cavity (85) is formed between two material distributing conveyor belts (83) through the material distributing scrapers (84); The extrusion screw (15) comprises a screw main shaft (151), and a push paddle (152), a softening screw blade (153), an extrusion paddle (154), and a melting screw blade (155) are sequentially arranged on the outer side of the screw main shaft (151), the push paddle (152) being composed of a plurality of spirally distributed shearing knives, and the extrusion paddle (154) being composed of a plurality of screw blades with successively decreasing pitches; telescopic cavities are arranged at the bottom of both sides of the material distribution mechanism (8), and an extrusion mechanism (10) is installed inside the two telescopic cavities; the extrusion mechanism (10) comprises an electric push rod (101), and an extrusion block (102) installed at the end of the electric push rod (101), the outer end of the extrusion block (102) being an arc-shaped structure, and a plurality of obliquely distributed cleaning columns (103) are arranged on the outer side of the extrusion block (102), and the cleaning columns (103) are in a truncated cone-shaped structure; An exhaust cavity with a C-shaped structure is arranged above the exhaust section (2), and an exhaust mechanism (17) that can move up and down is installed inside the exhaust cavity; the exhaust mechanism (17) comprises an electric telescopic rod (175) installed at the top of the exhaust section (2), and a driving rod (172) inserted into the upper part of the exhaust section (2), and the driving rod (172) is installed at the bottom of the electric telescopic rod (175), a damping slide rail (171) is installed at the bottom of the driving rod (172), and a C-shaped isolation mesh plate (173) is installed at the bottom of the damping slide rail (171), and a plurality of isolation columns (174) are installed at the bottom of the isolation mesh plate (173), and the middle part of the isolation column (174) is a hollow structure.

2. An extruder according to claim 1, It is characterized in that A fixed bracket (51) is installed inside the material storage chamber (5), and a stirring motor (53) is installed on the top of the fixed bracket (51). A push rod (55) is installed at the bottom end of the output shaft of the stirring motor (53), and a feeding blade (54) distributed in a spiral shape is arranged on the outside of the push rod (55), and a stirring rod (52) is also installed on the top of the outside of the push rod (55).

3. An extruder according to claim 2, It is characterized in that The mixing mechanism (7) comprises a cover body (71) and a bucket body (72); a plurality of grinding grooves (76) are arranged at the bottom of the bucket body (72); a crushing motor (74) is installed at the top of the cover body (71); a grinding disc (73) is installed at the bottom of the output shaft of the crushing motor (74); and a plurality of shearing knives (75) are arranged on the outside of the grinding disc (73).

4. An extruder according to claim 1, It is characterized in that A heater and a temperature sensor are provided in the middle of the preheating section (18), the melting section (16) and the extrusion section (13).

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