Dam Observation Pier and Construction Technology

Abstract

The present invention discloses a dam observation pier and a construction process, which relates to the field of large-scale hydropower project dam shape monitoring technology, and includes a concrete foundation, an observation pier body base, a detachable top cover calibration component, and a suspended adjustable observation substrate component. In the inner cavity of the substrate component of the present invention, components such as a planar movement mechanism and an angle adjustment mechanism are installed. The detachable top cover calibration component is provided with four laser calibration plates in four directions respectively, and the distance changes of the four laser calibration plates are monitored in real time by a laser calibrator installed on a fixed building two kilometers away, so as to avoid the risk of inaccurate displacement measured by the measuring robot; the levelness is measured by an electronic level, and the horizontal position is calibrated during the initial installation of the universal adjustment plate, and the angle deflection value can be monitored subsequently. The control chip controls the execution actions of the four universal adjusters to provide data, realizes the supplement of the angle deflection, and reduces the influence of the deflection of the dam observation pier caused by geological settlement on the measurement accuracy of the measuring robot.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of large-scale hydropower project dam shape monitoring, and particularly to dam observation piers and construction techniques. Background Art

[0002] The external shape monitoring of large-scale hydropower project dams is an important project monitoring item, aiming to ensure the structural safety and efficiency of the dams. The purpose of the monitoring is to timely detect the deformation, displacement, cracks or other structural problems of the dams, so as to take appropriate maintenance and repair measures.

[0003] For the external deformation of hydropower project dams and the left and right bank slopes, manual observation is mainly used. Among them, the left and right bank high slopes have a wide range and many parts need to be monitored. The left bank high slope includes parts such as the creep body B area slope upstream of the dam axis, the switchyard slope, and the upper dam road slope; the right bank high slope includes parts such as the right bank dam shoulder slope and the upper dam road excavation slope that need to be monitored.

[0004] Observation piers are fixed permanent or temporary survey markers used in surveying projects such as the deformation monitoring of hydropower project dams. Their main function is to provide a stable reference point for accurate measurement and monitoring.

[0005] Currently, traditional observation piers generally precast concrete bases at set base points, set fixed observation pier bodies above the concrete bases, and install observation substrates for installing the bases of observation robots at the tops of the observation pier bodies. During the installation process, the position and angle are adjusted to ensure that the center point position and angle of the observation substrate are consistent with the settings. After adjustment, they are locked with fasteners;

[0006] Although the observation piers with this structure can provide a stable foundation for the observation robots, the geological activities within the scope of the hydropower project dam area including the observation points are relatively active, and there may be regional geological displacements. If such regional geological displacements occur, at this time, the same or similar displacements may occur simultaneously between the observation piers and the observation points, which will cause the measurement results of the observation robots installed on the observation piers not to truly reflect the real displacements of the observation points. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides dam observation piers and construction techniques. The following technical solutions are adopted:

[0008] Dam observation pier, including a concrete foundation, an observation pier body base, a detachable top cover calibration component, and a suspended adjustable observation substrate component. The bottom of the observation pier body base is detachably installed on the concrete foundation through fasteners. The inside of the observation pier body base is hollow. The detachable top cover calibration component is detachably installed on the top of the observation pier body base. Four laser calibration plates are arranged in four directions on the detachable top cover calibration component. The suspended adjustable observation substrate component includes a partition board, a planar movement mechanism, an angle adjustment mechanism, a base component, an observation substrate, and a chip-based displacement compensation controller. The partition board is detachably installed in the hollow of the observation pier body base, dividing the observation pier body base into an electrical inner cavity below and a substrate component inner cavity above. The base of the planar movement mechanism is installed on the upper surface of the partition board. The base of the angle adjustment mechanism is installed on the planar movement part of the planar movement mechanism. The bottom of the base component is detachably installed on the angle adjustment part of the angle adjustment mechanism. The bottom surface of the observation substrate is detachably installed on the top surface of the base component. The displacement compensation controller is installed in the electrical inner cavity, wirelessly communicating with a remote server, and respectively controlling the execution actions of the planar movement mechanism and the angle adjustment mechanism according to the control signal of the remote server to realize the adjustment of the planar position and angle of the observation substrate.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, the foundation part of the dam observation pier uses a conventional concrete foundation, and the upper pier body part uses a split structure of the observation pier body base and the detachable top cover calibration component, which can be plugged and buckled or connected by screws. The inside of the observation pier body base is hollow, and then the space is divided into an electrical inner cavity below and a substrate component inner cavity above by a partition board. Electrical components such as batteries and circuit control boards can be placed inside the electrical inner cavity, and components such as the planar movement mechanism and the angle adjustment mechanism can be installed in the substrate component inner cavity. The planar movement mechanism can be a planar motor, a cross slide table, or other mechanisms that can realize electric planar movement. Four laser calibration plates are arranged in four directions on the detachable top cover calibration component. When the geology in the area where the dam observation pier is located undergoes displacement, the distance changes of the four laser calibration plates are monitored in real time by a laser calibrator installed on a fixed building two kilometers away. In laser ranging at the kilometer level, the ranging accuracy can reach the millimeter level, avoiding the risk of inaccurate displacement measurement by the measurement robot installed on the dam observation pier when the geology in the dam observation pier area undergoes displacement alone or synchronously with the dam area.

[0010] Optionally, the detachable top cover calibration component includes a cover body, four laser calibration plate bases, and four laser calibration plates. The cover body is detachably installed on the top of the observation pier body base. The four laser calibration plate bases are respectively installed around the cover body, and the four laser calibration plates are respectively installed at the installation positions of the four laser calibration plate bases.

[0011] Optionally, the detachable top cover calibration assembly further includes four laser calibration plate angle adjustment devices. Each laser calibration plate angle adjustment device includes a pair of angle adjustment rotating shaft seats, a rotating shaft, and a locking knob. The pair of angle adjustment rotating shaft seats are respectively installed on the surface of the cover body. The rotating shaft is installed at the shaft holes of the pair of angle adjustment rotating shaft seats. An axial connection block is provided on the back of the laser calibration plate, and the axial connection block of the laser calibration plate is assembled on the rotating shaft. The orientation of the laser calibration plate is adjusted by rotating the rotating shaft. A locking thread is provided at the end of the rotating shaft, and the locking knob is assembled at the locking thread. After the orientation of the laser calibration plate is adjusted, the locking knob is tightened to fix the angle of the laser calibration plate.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the cover body can be made of precast concrete or steel structure members. The connection with the observation pier base can be in the form of buckling or screwing. The four laser calibration plate bases are machined parts to ensure accuracy. After the first installation, the four laser calibration plates need to be adjusted according to the position of the fixed building observation point selected in the distance so that the laser calibrator on the observation point can be directly opposite the laser calibration plate. Therefore, the laser calibration plate angle adjustment device is used to install the angle of the laser calibration plate. After the angle adjustment is completed, the rotating shaft is locked by the locking knob to complete the fixation of the laser calibration plate angle.

[0013] Optionally, the planar movement mechanism is a servo-electric cross slide.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the servo-electric cross slide can achieve an adjustment accuracy of millimeter level. When the laser calibration plate on one side of the laser calibration shows displacement, the displacement is compensated by controlling the movement of the slider of the servo-electric cross slide, so that the positions of the observation base plate and the observation base plate and the total station instrument installed thereon are restored to the initial position horizontally, reducing the observation error of the dam area affected by geological movement.

[0015] Optionally, the angle adjustment mechanism includes an adjustment base plate, four universal adjusters, and a universal adjustment plate. The bottom of the adjustment base plate is detachably installed on the planar movement part of the planar movement mechanism. Each universal adjuster includes a bottom universal coupling, a servo electric rod, and a top universal coupling. The bottom universal coupling is installed on the adjustment base plate. The bottom cylinder body of the servo electric rod is connected to the top joint of the bottom universal coupling, and the joint of the top universal coupling is connected to the piston rod of the servo electric rod. The universal adjustment plate is detachably installed on the tops of the top universal couplings of the four universal adjusters. The servo electric rods of the four universal adjusters act to adjust the angle of the universal adjustment plate.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the angle adjustment mechanism uses four universal adjusters to perform stepless adjustment of the angle. The angle adjustment is realized by controlling the servo rods of the four universal adjusters respectively. The basis for angle adjustment can use an electronic level or a gyroscope to measure the angle change value, so as to realize the control of automatic adjustment of the angle change to compensate for the angle change.

[0017] Optionally, after the angle adjustment mechanism is installed, the axis lines of the servo rods of the four universal adjusters and the central axes of the four laser calibration plates are in the same plane.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the axis lines of the servo rods of the universal adjusters and the central axes of the four laser calibration plates are in the same plane, which can realize observation and adjustment on the same side and reduce the cumulative error caused by adjustment.

[0019] Optionally, the displacement compensation controller includes a wireless communication module, a memory, and a control chip. The wireless communication module is wirelessly communicatively connected to a remote server and communicatively connected to the memory. The wireless communication module receives the control instruction data from the remote server and stores it in the memory. The control chip is communicatively connected to the memory and calls the control instruction data to control the execution actions of the planar movement mechanism respectively.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the control instructions of the displacement compensation controller can be obtained through wireless communication interaction between the wireless communication module and the remote server. The wireless communication module can be a 4G / 5G wireless communication module to achieve network access.

[0021] Optionally, it further includes an electronic level. A level installation position is provided inside the universal adjustment plate. The electronic level is installed at the level installation position to detect the levelness of the universal adjustment plate and communicate with the memory to exchange the levelness data. The control chip analyzes the levelness data and controls the execution actions of the four universal adjusters respectively to keep the universal adjustment plate at the initial levelness.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the levelness is measured by the electronic level, and the horizontal position is calibrated during the initial installation of the universal adjustment plate. Subsequently, the angle deflection value can be monitored, thereby providing data for the control chip to control the execution actions of the four universal adjusters. For example, if it is detected that one side of the universal adjustment plate is lower, then the servo rod on this side is controlled to rise to achieve the compensation of the angle deflection and reduce the influence of the deflection of the dam observation pier caused by geological settlement on the measurement accuracy of the measurement robot.

[0023] Optionally, it further includes a lithium battery pack. The lithium battery pack is detachably installed at the electrical inner cavity of the base of the observation pier. The lithium battery pack supplies power to the planar movement mechanism, the angle adjustment mechanism, and the displacement compensation controller respectively.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, since the planar movement mechanism, the angle adjustment mechanism, and the displacement compensation controller are not always in a working state and are very likely to only need to maintain a communication state for a long time, the power consumption is extremely low. Therefore, a lithium battery pack can be used for power supply, and it can maintain power supply for at least three months when fully charged. Of course, a photovoltaic panel assembly can also be installed on the outer wall of the dam observation pier to charge the lithium battery pack.

[0025] The construction technology of the dam observation pier is used for installing the dam observation pier and includes the following steps:

[0026] Step 1: According to the design drawings, measure the contour of the construction point of the dam observation pier, carry out the construction of the concrete foundation, and precast the base of the observation pier body according to the design drawings.

[0027] Step 2: After the concrete foundation is poured and cured, install the base of the observation pier body on the concrete foundation through fasteners, install the displacement compensation controller and the lithium battery pack at the inner cavity of the electrical appliance respectively, and then install the partition in the base of the observation pier body.

[0028] Step 3: Install the base of the planar movement mechanism on the partition, then install the base of the angle adjustment mechanism on the planar movement part of the planar movement mechanism, and install the bottom of the base component on the universal adjustment plate of the angle adjustment mechanism.

[0029] Step 4: Fasten the cover on the base of the observation pier body so that the base of the observation pier body and the cover form an integral body, and then install the observation substrate on the top of the base component.

[0030] Step 5: Set laser calibration observation points at high points at least two kilometers away from the four sides of the dam observation pier. The observer uses a laser rangefinder to calibrate the angle of the laser calibration plate, and after fixing the angle of the laser calibration plate by communicating with the on-site staff, lock it through the locking knob.

[0031] By adopting the above technical solution, after installing the observation substrate on the top of the base component in Step 4, a telescopic bellows can be connected at the opening on the top of the observation substrate and the cover to prevent rainwater from entering the inside of the cover.

[0032] In summary, the present invention includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0033] The present invention can provide a dam observation pier and a construction process. The foundation part of the dam observation pier adopts a conventional concrete foundation, and the upper pier body part adopts a split structure of an observation pier body base and a detachable top calibration component. Components such as a planar movement mechanism and an angle adjustment mechanism are installed in the inner cavity of the substrate component. The detachable top calibration component is provided with four laser calibration plates in four directions. When the geology in the area where the dam observation pier is located undergoes displacement, a laser calibrator installed on a fixed building two kilometers away is used to monitor the distance changes of the four laser calibration plates in real time, avoiding the risk of inaccurate displacement measurement by the measuring robot installed on the dam observation pier when there is a separate geological displacement in the dam observation pier area or a synchronous geological displacement with the dam area;

[0034] The levelness is measured by an electronic level. The horizontal position is calibrated during the initial installation of the universal adjustment plate, and the angle deflection value can be monitored subsequently. The control chip controls the execution actions of the four universal adjusters to provide data, realizing the compensation of angle deflection and reducing the influence of the deflection of the dam observation pier caused by geological settlement on the measurement accuracy of the measuring robot. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 is a schematic partial cross-sectional structure view of the dam observation pier of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 is a schematic side view structure of the dam observation pier of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 is a schematic structure view of the suspended adjustable observation substrate component of the dam observation pier of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the communication connection principle of the displacement compensation controller, electrical components and the remote server of the dam observation pier of the present invention.

[0039] Description of the reference numerals: 1, concrete foundation; 2, observation pier body base; 21, electrical inner cavity; 22, inner cavity of the substrate component; 3, detachable top calibration component; 31, cover body; 32, laser calibration plate base; 33, laser calibration plate; 34, angle adjustment rotating shaft seat; 35, rotating shaft; 36, locking knob; 4, suspended adjustable observation substrate component; 41, partition board; 42, planar movement mechanism; 43, angle adjustment mechanism; 431, adjustment base plate; 432, universal adjustment plate; 433, bottom universal coupling; 434, servo electric rod; 435, top universal coupling; 44, base component; 45, observation substrate; 46, displacement compensation controller; 461, wireless communication module; 462, memory; 463, control chip; 47, electronic level; 5, lithium battery pack; 100, remote server. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0040] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0041] An embodiment of the present invention discloses a dam observation pier and a construction process.

[0042] Refer to Figure 1 - Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the dam observation pier includes a concrete foundation 1, an observation pier body base 2, a detachable top cover calibration component 3, and a suspended adjustable observation substrate component 4. The bottom of the observation pier body base 2 is detachably installed on the concrete foundation 1 through fasteners. The inside of the observation pier body base 2 is hollow. The detachable top cover calibration component 3 is detachably installed on the top of the observation pier body base 2. Four laser calibration plates 33 are provided in four directions of the detachable top cover calibration component 3. The suspended adjustable observation substrate component 4 includes a partition 41, a planar movement mechanism 42, an angle adjustment mechanism 43, a base component 44, an observation substrate 45, and a chip-based displacement compensation controller 46. The partition 41 is detachably installed in the hollow of the observation pier body base 2, dividing the observation pier body base 2 into an electrical inner cavity 21 below and a substrate component inner cavity 22 above. The base of the planar movement mechanism 42 is installed on the upper surface of the partition 41. The base of the angle adjustment mechanism 43 is installed on the planar movement part of the planar movement mechanism 42. The bottom of the base component 44 is detachably installed on the angle adjustment part of the angle adjustment mechanism 43. The bottom surface of the observation substrate 45 is detachably installed on the top surface of the base component 44. The displacement compensation controller 46 is installed in the electrical inner cavity 21, wirelessly communicates with the remote server 100, and respectively controls the execution actions of the planar movement mechanism 42 and the angle adjustment mechanism 43 according to the control signal of the remote server 100 to realize the adjustment of the planar position and angle of the observation substrate 45.

[0043] For the foundation part of the dam observation pier, a conventional concrete foundation 1 is adopted. For the upper pier part, a split structure of the observation pier base 2 and the detachable top cover calibration component 3 is adopted, which can be plugged and buckled or connected by screws. The inside of the observation pier base 2 is hollow, and a partition 41 is used to divide the space into the lower electrical inner cavity 21 and the upper substrate component inner cavity 22. Electrical components such as batteries and circuit control boards can be placed inside the electrical inner cavity 21, and components such as the planar movement mechanism 42 and the angle adjustment mechanism 43 can be installed inside the substrate component inner cavity 22. The planar movement mechanism 42 can be a planar motor, a cross slide, or other mechanisms that can achieve electric planar movement. The detachable top cover calibration component 3 is provided with four laser calibration plates 33 in four directions. When the geology in the area where the dam observation pier is located is displaced, the distance changes of the four laser calibration plates 33 are monitored in real time by a laser calibrator installed on a fixed building two kilometers away. In laser ranging at the kilometer level, the ranging accuracy can reach the millimeter level, avoiding the risk that the displacement measured by the measuring robot installed on the dam observation pier is inaccurate when the geology in the dam observation pier area is displaced alone or synchronously with the dam area.

[0044] The detachable top cover calibration component 3 includes a cover body 31, four laser calibration plate bases 32, and four laser calibration plates 33. The cover body 31 is detachably installed on the top of the observation pier base 2. The four laser calibration plate bases 32 are respectively installed around the cover body 31, and the four laser calibration plates 33 are respectively installed at the installation positions of the four laser calibration plate bases 32.

[0045] The detachable top cover calibration component 3 further includes four laser calibration plate angle adjustment devices. Each laser calibration plate angle adjustment device includes a pair of angle adjustment rotating shaft seats 34, a rotating shaft 35, and a locking knob 36. The pair of angle adjustment rotating shaft seats 34 are respectively installed on the surface of the cover body 31. The rotating shaft 35 is installed at the shaft holes of the pair of angle adjustment rotating shaft seats 34. A shaft connection block is provided on the back of the laser calibration plate 33, and the shaft connection block of the laser calibration plate 33 is assembled on the rotating shaft 35. The orientation of the laser calibration plate 33 is adjusted by rotating the rotating shaft. A locking thread is provided at the end of the rotating shaft 35, and the locking knob 36 is assembled at the locking thread. After the orientation of the laser calibration plate 33 is adjusted, the locking knob 36 is tightened to fix the angle of the laser calibration plate 33.

[0046] The cover body 31 can be made of precast concrete or steel structural members. The connection with the base of the observation pier 2 can be in the form of snap - fit or screw connection. The four laser calibration plate bases 32 are machined parts to ensure accuracy. After the first installation of the four laser calibration plates 33, the angles need to be adjusted according to the positions of the fixed building observation points selected in the distance, so that the laser calibrator at the observation point can be directly facing the laser calibration plate 33. Therefore, a laser calibration plate angle adjustment device is used to install the angle of the laser calibration plate 33. After the angle adjustment is completed, the rotating shaft 35 can be locked by the locking knob 36 to complete the fixation of the angle of the laser calibration plate 33.

[0047] The planar movement mechanism 42 is a servo - electric cross - slide.

[0048] The servo - electric cross - slide can achieve an adjustment accuracy of millimeters. When displacement is found on one side of the laser calibration plate 33 in the laser calibration display, the slider of the servo - electric cross - slide is controlled to move to supplement this displacement, so that the positions of the observation substrate 45 and the measurement robot installed thereon return to the initial position horizontally, reducing the observation error in the dam area caused by geological movement.

[0049] The angle adjustment mechanism 43 includes an adjustment base plate 431, four universal adjusters, and a universal adjustment plate 432. The bottom of the adjustment base plate 431 is detachably installed on the planar movement part of the planar movement mechanism 42. The universal adjuster includes a bottom universal coupling 433, a servo electric rod 434, and a top universal coupling 435. The bottom universal coupling 433 is installed on the adjustment base plate 431. The bottom cylinder of the servo electric rod 434 is connected to the top joint of the bottom universal coupling 433. The joint of the top universal coupling 435 is connected to the piston rod of the servo electric rod 434. The universal adjustment plate 432 is detachably installed on the tops of the top universal couplings 435 of the four universal adjusters. The servo electric rods 434 of the four universal adjusters act to achieve the angle adjustment of the universal adjustment plate 432.

[0050] The angle adjustment mechanism 43 uses four universal adjusters to perform stepless angle adjustment. The angle adjustment is achieved by controlling the actions of the servo electric rods 434 of the four universal adjusters respectively. The basis for angle adjustment can use an electronic level or a gyroscope to measure the angle change value, so as to realize the control of automatic angle adjustment to compensate for the angle change.

[0051] After the installation of the angle adjustment mechanism 43 is completed, the axis lines of the servo electric rods 434 of the four universal adjusters and the central axes of the four laser calibration plates 33 are in the same plane.

[0052] The axis lines of the servo electric rods 434 of the universal adjusters and the central axes of the four laser calibration plates 33 are in the same plane, which can realize observation and adjustment on the same side, reducing the cumulative error caused by adjustment.

[0053] The displacement compensation controller 46 includes a wireless communication module 461, a memory 462, and a control chip 463. The wireless communication module 461 is wirelessly communicatively connected to the remote server 100 and communicatively connected to the memory 462. The wireless communication module 461 receives the control instruction data from the remote server 100 and stores it in the memory 462. The control chip 463 is communicatively connected to the memory 462, calls the control instruction data, and respectively controls the execution actions of the planar movement mechanism 42.

[0054] The control instructions of the displacement compensation controller 46 can be obtained through wireless communication interaction between the wireless communication module 461 and the remote server 100. The wireless communication module 461 can be a 4G / 5G wireless communication module to achieve network access.

[0055] It further includes an electronic level 47. A level mounting position is provided inside the universal adjustment plate 432, and the electronic level 47 is installed at the level mounting position to detect the levelness of the universal adjustment plate 432, and communicatively interacts with the memory 462 for the levelness data. The control chip 463 analyzes the levelness data and respectively controls the execution actions of the four universal adjusters to keep the universal adjustment plate 432 at the initial levelness.

[0056] By measuring the levelness with the electronic level 47, the horizontal position is calibrated during the initial installation of the universal adjustment plate 432. Subsequently, the angle deflection value can be monitored, thereby providing data for the control chip 463 to control the execution actions of the four universal adjusters. For example, if it is detected that one side of the universal adjustment plate 432 is lower, then the servo electric rod 434 on this side is controlled to rise to achieve the compensation of the angle deflection and reduce the influence of the deflection of the dam observation pier caused by geological settlement on the measurement accuracy of the measurement robot.

[0057] It further includes a lithium battery pack 5. The lithium battery pack 5 is detachably installed at the electrical inner cavity 21 of the observation pier base 2 of the dam, and the lithium battery pack 5 supplies power to the planar movement mechanism 42, the angle adjustment mechanism 43, and the displacement compensation controller 46 respectively.

[0058] Since the planar movement mechanism 42, the angle adjustment mechanism 43, and the displacement compensation controller 46 are not always in the working state and may very likely only need to maintain the communication state for a long time, the power consumption is extremely low. Therefore, the lithium battery pack 5 can be used for power supply, and it can maintain the power supply for at least three months when fully charged. Of course, a photovoltaic panel assembly can also be set on the outer wall of the dam observation pier to charge the lithium battery pack 5.

[0059] The construction technology of the dam observation pier, used for installing the dam observation pier, includes the following steps:

[0060] Step 1, according to the design drawings, measure the contour of the construction point of the dam observation pier, construct the concrete foundation 1, and prefabricate the observation pier base 2 according to the design drawings;

[0061] Step 2: After the casting and curing of the concrete foundation 1 are completed, install the observation pier base 2 on the concrete foundation 1 through fasteners. Install the displacement compensation controller 46 and the lithium battery pack 5 at the electrical cavity 21 respectively, and then install the partition 41 inside the observation pier base 2;

[0062] Step 3: Install the base of the planar movement mechanism 42 on the partition 41, then install the base of the angle adjustment mechanism 43 on the planar movement part of the planar movement mechanism 42, and install the bottom of the base component 44 on the universal adjustment plate 432 of the angle adjustment mechanism 43;

[0063] Step 4: Fasten the cover body 31 on the observation pier base 2 to make the observation pier base 2 and the cover body 31 form an integral whole, and then install the observation substrate 45 on the top of the base component 44;

[0064] Step 5: Set laser calibration observation points at high points at least two kilometers away from the four sides of the dam observation pier. The observer calibrates the angle of the laser calibration plate 33 with a laser rangefinder, and after fixing the angle of the laser calibration plate 33 by communicating with the on-site staff, lock it with the locking knob 36;

[0065] After Step 4 installs the observation substrate 45 on the top of the base component 44, a telescopic bellows can be connected at the openings at the top of the observation substrate 45 and the cover body 31 to prevent rainwater from entering the inside of the cover body 31.

[0066] The above are all the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby. Therefore, all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Dam observation pier, characterized in that: It includes a concrete foundation (1), an observation pier base (2), a detachable top cover calibration assembly (3), and a suspended adjustable observation substrate assembly (4). The bottom of the observation pier base (2) is detachably installed on the concrete foundation (1) through fasteners. The inside of the observation pier base (2) is hollow. The detachable top cover calibration assembly (3) is detachably installed on the top of the observation pier base (2). Four laser calibration plates (33) are respectively arranged in four directions of the detachable top cover calibration assembly (3). The suspended adjustable observation substrate assembly (4) includes a partition board (41), a planar movement mechanism (42), an angle adjustment mechanism (43), a base assembly (44), an observation substrate (45), and a chip-based displacement compensation controller (46). The partition board (41) is detachably installed in the hollow of the observation pier base (2), dividing the observation pier base (2) into an electrical inner cavity (21) below and a substrate assembly inner cavity (22) above. The base of the planar movement mechanism (42) is installed on the upper surface of the partition board (41). The base of the angle adjustment mechanism (43) is installed on the planar movement part of the planar movement mechanism (42). The bottom of the base assembly (44) is detachably installed on the angle adjustment part of the angle adjustment mechanism (43). The bottom surface of the observation substrate (45) is detachably installed on the top surface of the base assembly (44). The displacement compensation controller (46) is installed in the electrical inner cavity (21), wirelessly communicates with a remote server (100), and respectively controls the execution actions of the planar movement mechanism (42) and the angle adjustment mechanism (43) according to the control signal of the remote server (100) to realize the adjustment of the planar position and angle of the observation substrate (45). The detachable top cover calibration assembly (3) includes a cover body (31), four laser calibration plate bases (32), and four laser calibration plates (33). The cover body (31) is detachably installed on the top of the observation pier base (2). The four laser calibration plate bases (32) are respectively installed around the cover body (31). The four laser calibration plates (33) are respectively installed at the installation positions of the four laser calibration plate bases (32). The detachable top cover calibration assembly (3) further includes four laser calibration plate angle adjustment devices. Each laser calibration plate angle adjustment device includes a pair of angle adjustment rotating shaft seats (34), a rotating shaft (35), and a locking knob (36). The pair of angle adjustment rotating shaft seats (34) are respectively installed on the surface of the cover body (31). The rotating shaft (35) is installed at the shaft holes of the pair of angle adjustment rotating shaft seats (34). A shaft connection block is provided on the back of the laser calibration plate (33). The shaft connection block of the laser calibration plate (33) is assembled on the rotating shaft (35). The orientation of the laser calibration plate (33) is adjusted by rotating the rotating shaft. A locking thread is provided at the end of the rotating shaft (35). The locking knob (36) is assembled at the locking thread. After the orientation of the laser calibration plate (33) is adjusted, the locking knob (36) is tightened to fix the angle of the laser calibration plate (33).

2. The dam observation pier according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planar movement mechanism (42) is a servo-electric cross slide.

3. The dam observation pier according to claim 1, wherein: The angle adjustment mechanism (43) includes an adjustment base plate (431), four universal adjusters, and a universal adjustment plate (432). The bottom of the adjustment base plate (431) is detachably mounted on the planar movement part of the planar movement mechanism (42). The universal adjuster includes a bottom universal coupling (433), a servo electric rod (434), and a top universal coupling (435). The bottom universal coupling (433) is mounted on the adjustment base plate (431). The bottom cylinder body of the servo electric rod (434) is articulated to the top joint of the bottom universal coupling (433). The joint of the top universal coupling (435) is connected to the piston rod of the servo electric rod (434). The universal adjustment plate (432) is detachably mounted on the tops of the top universal couplings (435) of the four universal adjusters. The actions of the servo electric rods (434) of the four universal adjusters achieve the angle adjustment of the universal adjustment plate (432).

4. The dam observation pier according to claim 3, characterized in that: After the angle adjustment mechanism (43) is installed, the axis lines of the servo electric rods (434) of the four universal adjusters and the central axes of the four laser calibration plates (33) are in the same plane.

5. The dam observation pier according to claim 4, characterized in that: The displacement compensation controller (46) includes a wireless communication module (461), a memory (462), and a control chip (463). The wireless communication module (461) is wirelessly communicatively connected to the remote server (100) and communicatively connected to the memory (462). The wireless communication module (461) receives the control instruction data from the remote server (100) and stores it in the memory (462). The control chip (463) is communicatively connected to the memory (462) to call the control instruction data to respectively control the execution actions of the planar movement mechanism (42).

6. The dam observation pier according to claim 5, characterized in that: It further includes an electronic level (47). A level installation position is provided inside the universal adjustment plate (432). The electronic level (47) is installed in the level installation position to detect the levelness of the universal adjustment plate (432), communicate and interact with the memory (462) about the levelness data. The control chip (463) analyzes the levelness data and respectively controls the execution actions of the four universal adjusters to keep the universal adjustment plate (432) at the initial levelness.

7. The dam observation pier according to claim 6, characterized in that: It further includes a lithium battery pack (5). The lithium battery pack (5) is detachably mounted at the electrical inner cavity (21) of the observation pier base (2). The lithium battery pack (5) supplies power to the planar movement mechanism (42), the angle adjustment mechanism (43), and the displacement compensation controller (46) respectively.

8. Construction technology of dam observation piers, characterized in that: The method for installing the dam observation pier according to any one of claims 1-7 includes the following steps: Step 1, according to the design drawings, measure the contour of the construction point of the dam observation pier, construct the concrete foundation (1), and precast the observation pier base (2) according to the design drawings; Step 2, after the concrete foundation (1) is poured and cured, install the observation pier base (2) on the concrete foundation (1) through fasteners, install the displacement compensation controller (46) and the lithium battery pack (5) at the electrical inner cavity (21) respectively, and then install the partition plate (41) inside the observation pier base (2); Step 3: Mount the base of the planar movement mechanism (42) on the partition board (41), then mount the base of the angle adjustment mechanism (43) on the planar movement part of the planar movement mechanism (42), and mount the bottom of the base component (44) on the universal adjustment plate (432) of the angle adjustment mechanism (43). Step 4: Fasten the cover body (31) onto the observation pier base (2) so that the observation pier base (2) and the cover body (31) form an integral whole, and then mount the observation substrate (45) on the top of the base component (44). Step 5: Set up laser calibration observation points at high points at least two kilometers away from the four sides of the dam observation pier. The observer uses a laser rangefinder to calibrate the angle of the laser calibration plate (33), and after fixing the angle of the laser calibration plate (33) by communicating with the on-site staff, lock it with the locking knob (36).

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