Ultrafine grain aluminum alloy deep cold forging preparation device and use method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a kind of ultrafine grain aluminum alloy cryogenic forging preparation device and its use method, the device comprises a liquid nitrogen refrigeration system, a cryogenic forging die assembly and a universal die base of a forging press installed on the upper and lower working platforms of a forging hydraulic press, the liquid nitrogen refrigeration system comprises a self-pressurizing liquid nitrogen container and a cryogenic control system, the self-pressurizing liquid nitrogen container is connected with the cryogenic control system through two-way liquid nitrogen pipelines, a liquid nitrogen cooling channel is provided in the cryogenic forging die assembly, the terminals of the two-way liquid nitrogen pipelines are respectively connected with the liquid nitrogen cooling channel in a cryogenic forging die assembly, and the cryogenic control system can automatically adjust the liquid nitrogen flow rate according to the temperature feedback of the die. The present invention has the characteristics of large refrigeration temperature range, high cooling efficiency, green and pollution-free, can realize near-isothermal forging at any temperature within the range of 0℃~-160℃, can significantly improve the accuracy and standardization degree of forging processing and experimental process parameters, and realize high-quality, multi-specification and low-cost preparation of ultrafine grain aluminum alloy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of ultrafine grain aluminum material preparation, and in particular to an ultrafine grain aluminum alloy deep cold forging preparation device and a use method. Background Art

[0002] Precise detection and precision guidance are important requirements for aerospace equipment and national defense military industry, and high-precision optical systems are the prerequisite for achieving this goal. Advanced optical systems require not only good imaging quality, but also small size, light weight and simple structure. High-precision optical aluminum mirrors have excellent characteristics such as lightweight, high resolution, wide spectrum and low cost, and have been widely used at home and abroad. In order to ensure observation accuracy and imaging quality, the mirror processing accuracy is usually required to reach the nanometer level, and the grain size is the key factor affecting the processing accuracy. Therefore, ultrafine-grained mirror blanks are an important prerequisite for ensuring the processing quality of reflectors. However, there is still a lack of industrialized stable preparation equipment and methods for ultrafine-grained aluminum alloy blanks.

[0003] Ultrafine-grained aluminum alloys have excellent strength, toughness, corrosion resistance, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity. Usually, ultrafine-grained aluminum alloys can be prepared through strong plastic deformation processes, mainly including: equal-diameter angular extrusion, high-pressure torsion, multi-directional forging and other methods. Among them, multi-directional forging achieves strain accumulation through cyclic transformation of the loading axis. Compared with other processes, it has the advantages of simple equipment, flexible component shape, and uniform deformation. It can realize the preparation of ultrafine-grained aluminum alloy billets of various specifications. Despite this, the conditions required for the preparation of ultrafine-grained billets by conventional (room temperature) forging processes are still very harsh: extremely low strain rate and small size to avoid dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization caused by deformation heat, and extremely large deformation to accumulate more dislocations. This makes it difficult to achieve industrial application of this process.

[0004] Cryogenic deformation is a new plastic deformation method that has received widespread attention in recent years. Under low temperature conditions, aluminum alloy plasticity is enhanced, work hardening rate is increased, and deformation uniformity is improved; at the same time, dynamic recovery is suppressed, and a large number of dislocations are accumulated, thereby promoting geometric recrystallization and significantly enhancing the grain refinement ability of the material; activation energy is increased, dynamic precipitation is difficult to occur, and the uniform dispersion precipitation of strengthening phases in subsequent heat treatment processes is promoted. In addition, due to the increase in matrix strength, cryogenic deformation has a stronger shear crushing ability for coarse residual crystalline phases, improving the uniformity of material structure.

[0005] In summary, the design and development of a deep cold forging device to achieve high-quality, high-efficiency, multi-specification, low-cost, and pollution-free preparation of ultrafine-grained aluminum alloys is of great significance to the development of my country's high-end equipment, aerospace, national defense and military industries. Summary of the invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide an ultrafine-grained aluminum alloy deep cold forging preparation device that can achieve high-quality, high-efficiency, multi-specification, low-cost, and pollution-free preparation of ultrafine-grained aluminum alloys, and also provide a method for using the deep cold forging preparation device.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is:

[0008] A cryogenic forging preparation device for ultrafine grain aluminum alloy comprises a universal die base for a forging press installed on the upper and lower working platforms of a forging hydraulic press, a liquid nitrogen refrigeration system and a cryogenic forging die assembly, wherein the liquid nitrogen refrigeration system comprises a self-pressurizing liquid nitrogen container, a cryogenic control system and a liquid nitrogen pipeline, wherein the self-pressurizing liquid nitrogen container is connected to the cryogenic control system via two liquid nitrogen pipelines, wherein the cryogenic forging die assembly is installed on the universal die base for the forging press, wherein a liquid nitrogen cooling channel is provided in the cryogenic forging die assembly, wherein the terminals of the two liquid nitrogen pipelines are respectively connected to a liquid nitrogen cooling channel in a cryogenic forging die assembly, and wherein the cryogenic control system can automatically adjust the liquid nitrogen flow rate according to the temperature feedback of the cryogenic forging die assembly.

[0009] As a further improvement of the above technical solution:

[0010] Furthermore, the deep cold forging die assembly includes a quick-connect die base and a forging flat anvil assembly, the cross-section of the universal die base of the forging press is circular, and the cross-sections of the quick-connect die base and the forging flat anvil assembly are both rectangular, one end of the quick-connect die base is installed on the circular surface of the universal die base of the forging press, and the other opposite end is provided with a rectangular groove, the forging flat anvil assembly is installed in the rectangular groove by a quick-connect screw, and the geometric center lines of the universal die base of the forging press, the quick-connect die base and the forging flat anvil assembly all coincide.

[0011] Furthermore, a plurality of radially arranged T-shaped through slots are evenly arranged on the surface of the universal die base of the forging press, and vertical mounting holes are arranged around the end of the quick-connect die base that contacts the universal die base of the forging press. The quick-connect die base is connected to the universal die base of the forging press by screws through the T-shaped through slots and the mounting holes, and is fastened by nuts.

[0012] Furthermore, the quick-connect die base is provided with a rectangular groove having a plurality of assembly through holes symmetrically arranged with the center lines horizontally arranged on the side wall at one end, the forging flat anvil assembly is provided with a conical blind hole corresponding to the assembly through hole on the side wall at one end located in the rectangular groove, the end of the quick-connect screw is provided with a conical head, the quick-connect screw is installed in the corresponding assembly hole and the conical blind hole and the forging flat anvil assembly is fastened to the quick-connect die base through the cooperation of the conical head and the conical blind hole.

[0013] Furthermore, the forging flat anvil assembly is made of beryllium bronze material, including a flat anvil body, a long plug block, a short plug block and a liquid nitrogen conversion interface. The flat anvil body is provided with multiple channels, each of which extends from one side wall to the opposite side wall. The ends of two or three adjacent channels are provided with through grooves that connect the channels end to end. The long plug blocks or short plug blocks are respectively installed in the through grooves and fixed by plug block mounting screws; the long plug blocks, short plug blocks, through grooves and multiple channels together constitute the liquid nitrogen cooling channel, and the inlet and outlet of the liquid nitrogen cooling channel are provided with internal threads and are screwed with a liquid nitrogen conversion interface. The inlet is connected to the terminal of the liquid nitrogen pipeline through the liquid nitrogen conversion interface, and the outlet is connected to the air.

[0014] Furthermore, there are 7 liquid nitrogen cooling channels, all of which are arranged horizontally and symmetrically distributed on the central plane of the flat anvil body. The inlet and outlet of the liquid nitrogen cooling channel are located on the same side and higher than the top of the rectangular groove on the quick-connect mold base. The inlet is located at the center of the flat anvil body, and two outlets are provided, respectively located on both sides of the inlet.

[0015] Furthermore, the cross-section of the flat anvil body is a rectangular structure, the upper and lower end surfaces of the rectangular structure are symmetrically arranged, and both the upper and lower end surfaces can be used as working surfaces.

[0016] Furthermore, it also includes an insulation plate assembly surrounded by the forging flat anvil assembly, the insulation plate assembly includes a rear end face insulation plate, a side insulation plate and a front end face insulation plate, each insulation plate is mounted on the inner wall of the rectangular groove of the quick connection die base by bolts, and a gap is left between the side walls around the forging flat anvil assembly; the end surface of the forging flat anvil assembly that contacts the rectangular groove of the quick connection die base is provided with a flexible insulation layer.

[0017] Furthermore, the insulation board assembly is made of insulating ceramics with low thermal conductivity, the thickness of the flexible insulation layer is 0.5 to 3 mm, and the liquid nitrogen pipeline is a flexible pipeline and is wrapped with insulation cotton on the outside.

[0018] As the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a method for using the above-mentioned ultrafine-grained aluminum alloy deep cold forging preparation device, comprising the following steps:

[0019] S1: Assemble and fix the universal die base of the forging press and the upper and lower working platforms of the forging hydraulic press, the quick-connect die base is installed on the universal die base of the forging press, the forging flat anvil assembly is installed in the rectangular groove of the quick-connect die base, and an insulation plate assembly is arranged in the gap between the quick-connect die base and the forging flat anvil assembly;

[0020] S2: Use the liquid nitrogen pipeline to connect the self-pressurized liquid nitrogen container, the cryogenic control system and the forging flat anvil assembly, and set the refrigeration parameters;

[0021] S3: Open the self-pressurized liquid nitrogen container to pre-cool the forging flat anvil assembly until the temperature reaches below -100°C;

[0022] S4: Start the forging hydraulic press, set the forging parameters, place the workpiece blank pre-cooled to below -180°C in the center of the flat anvil body of the forging flat anvil assembly, apply deep-cold lubricant and start forging. During the forging process, keep the liquid nitrogen cooling system turned on to maintain the stability of the working temperature;

[0023] S5: cyclically adjust the blank loading axis to press down multiple times until the process plan is completed;

[0024] S6: Close the self-pressurizing liquid nitrogen container, turn off the cryogenic control system, reset the press, and take out the workpiece.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0026] 1) The cryogenic forging device of the present invention uses liquid nitrogen as a refrigerant, and has the characteristics of a large refrigeration temperature range, high cooling efficiency, and being green and pollution-free. Nearly isothermal forging at any temperature in the range of 0°C to -160°C can be achieved, which can significantly improve the accuracy and standardization of forging processing and experimental process parameters. The cryogenic control system adjusts the liquid nitrogen pressure and flow rate through the solenoid valve and manual ball valve arranged on the liquid nitrogen pipeline to control the mold temperature, and can receive temperature feedback through the thermocouple arranged on the mold, and automatically adjust the output parameters to achieve precise temperature control.

[0027] 2) The cryogenic forging device of the present invention can provide a stable cryogenic environment for the forming process because the material of the working anvil is beryllium bronze with high thermal conductivity, thereby improving the work hardening ability of the aluminum alloy, suppressing dynamic recovery, and accumulating a large number of dislocations. And as the deformation amount increases, geometric recrystallization occurs, and dislocations can gradually transform into uniformly distributed nanoscale grains.

[0028] 3) The deep cold forging die assembly of the present invention includes a quick connection die base, a quick connection screw, and a forging flat anvil assembly. The quick connection screw cooperates with the conical blind hole on the side of the forging flat anvil assembly to achieve rapid loading and unloading of the equipment, and the processing efficiency is significantly improved. At the same time, the flat anvil body of the present invention is designed to be symmetrical on the upper and lower end faces, and both the upper and lower end faces can be used as working surfaces. After one end face is worn, it can be turned over and the other side can be used, which can save equipment costs and improve equipment reliability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of an ultrafine-grained aluminum alloy deep cold forging preparation device disclosed in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2The present invention is a schematic diagram of the axonometric assembly structure of a deep cold forging die assembly of an ultrafine grain aluminum alloy deep cold forging preparation device disclosed in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the local sectioning.

[0032] Figure 4 It is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a liquid nitrogen cooling channel in a flat anvil body of an ultrafine-grained aluminum alloy deep cold forging preparation device disclosed in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 5 This is a transmission image of a 6061 ultrafine-grained aluminum alloy prepared by using an ultrafine-grained aluminum alloy deep cold forging preparation device disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Legend:

[0035] 1. Liquid nitrogen refrigeration system; 1-1. Self-pressurized liquid nitrogen container; 1-2. Cryogenic control system; 1-3. Liquid nitrogen pipeline; 2. Cryogenic forging die assembly; 2-0. Universal die base for forging press; 2-1. Quick-connect die base; 2-2. Quick-connect screws; 2-3. Forging flat anvil assembly; 2-3-1. Long plug block; 2-3-2. Plug block mounting screws; 2-3-3. Flat anvil body; 2-3-4. Short plug block; 2-3-5. Liquid nitrogen conversion interface; 2-4. Flexible thermal insulation layer; 2-5. Nuts; 2-6. Screws for T-slots; 3. Insulation board assembly. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention can be implemented in many different ways as defined and covered by the claims.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] like Figure 1 -like Figure 4As shown, an embodiment of the ultrafine grain aluminum alloy cryogenic forging preparation device of the present invention comprises a liquid nitrogen refrigeration system 1, a cryogenic forging die assembly 2, an insulation plate assembly 3 and a universal die base 2-0 of a forging press installed on the upper and lower working platforms of a forging hydraulic press. The liquid nitrogen refrigeration system 1 comprises a self-pressurizing liquid nitrogen container 1-1, a cryogenic control system 1-2 and a liquid nitrogen pipeline 1-3. The self-pressurizing liquid nitrogen container 1-1 is connected to the cryogenic control system 1-2 through two liquid nitrogen pipelines 1-3, the cryogenic forging die assembly 2 is installed on the universal die base 2-0 of the forging press, a liquid nitrogen cooling channel is provided in the cryogenic forging die assembly 2, and the terminals of the two liquid nitrogen pipelines 1-3 are respectively connected to the liquid nitrogen cooling channels in a cryogenic forging die assembly 2, and the cryogenic control system 1-2 can automatically adjust the liquid nitrogen flow rate according to the temperature feedback of the cryogenic forging die assembly 2. Among them, the capacity of the self-pressurized liquid nitrogen container 1-1 (liquid nitrogen tank) needs to be adjusted according to the working time and the target working temperature. Every 100L of liquid nitrogen can maintain the equipment working stably at -100 to -120°C for 1 hour. The cryogenic control system 1-2 is a two-channel structure. Two solenoid valves and two manual ball valves are provided on each channel to control the liquid nitrogen circulation pressure and flow rate, thereby controlling the mold temperature. It can receive temperature feedback through the thermocouple (existing technology, not shown in the figure) arranged on the mold, and automatically adjust the output parameters to achieve precise temperature control. An oxygen concentration detector (existing technology, not shown in the figure) is installed on the side of the control cabinet of the cryogenic control system 1-2. When the oxygen concentration is lower than 15%, a buzzer alarm will sound to ensure the safety of the on-site working environment.

[0039] In this embodiment, the deep cold forging die assembly 2 includes a quick-connect die base 2-1, a quick-connect screw 2-2 and a forging flat anvil assembly 2-3. The cross-section of the universal die base 2-0 of the forging press is circular, and it is installed on the upper and lower platforms of the forging press. The cross-sections of the quick-connect die base 2-1 and the forging flat anvil assembly 2-3 are both rectangular structures. One end of the quick-connect die base 2-1 is installed on the circular surface of the universal die base 2-0 of the forging press, and the other opposite end is provided with a rectangular groove. The forging flat anvil assembly 2-3 is installed in the rectangular groove by the quick-connect screw 2-2, and the geometric center lines of the universal die base 2-0 of the forging press, the quick-connect die base 2-1 and the forging flat anvil assembly 2-3 are all coincident, which can avoid unbalanced loading during forging processing.

[0040] In this embodiment, a plurality of radially arranged T-shaped through grooves are provided on the circular surface of the universal die base 2-0 of the forging press, and vertical mounting holes are provided around the end of the quick-connect die base 2-1 that contacts the universal die base 2-0 of the forging press. The quick-connect die base 2-1 is connected to the universal die base 2-0 of the forging press by screws 2-6 through the T-shaped through grooves and the mounting holes, and is fastened by nuts 2-5.

[0041] In this embodiment, the forging flat anvil assembly 2-3 is made of beryllium bronze material, which has extremely high thermal conductivity, high strength and toughness, and excellent low-temperature performance, so as to ensure that the mold can be quickly cooled and the working temperature of the blank is stable. The end of the quick connection screw 2-2 is provided with a cone head, and the quick connection die base 2-1 is provided with a rectangular groove. The two opposite side walls at one end are symmetrically provided with multiple assembly through holes with the center line arranged horizontally. The side wall of the forging flat anvil assembly 2-3 located in the rectangular groove is provided with a conical blind hole corresponding to the position of the assembly through hole. The quick connection screw 2-2 is inserted into the corresponding assembly through hole and the conical blind hole, and its cone head cooperates with the conical blind hole to fasten the forging flat anvil assembly 2-3 to the quick connection die base 2-1. This structure can realize the rapid disassembly and assembly of equipment.

[0042] In this embodiment, the forging flat anvil assembly 2-3 includes a flat anvil body 2-3-3, a long plug block 2-3-1, a short plug block 2-3-4, a plug block mounting screw 2-3-2 and a liquid nitrogen conversion interface 2-3-5. The flat anvil body 2-3-3 is provided with multiple channels, each of which extends from a side wall (preferably a side wall without a conical blind hole) to an opposite side wall. The ends of two or three adjacent channels are provided with through grooves (preferably oval in shape) that connect the ends of the channels. Long plug blocks 2-3-1 or short plug blocks 2-3-4 of the same shape are respectively embedded in the through grooves and fixed by plug block mounting screws 2-3-2. That is, when the ends of two adjacent channels are provided with through grooves, the short plug blocks are used, and when the ends of three adjacent channels are provided with through grooves, the long plug blocks are used. The long plug block 2-3-1, the short plug block 2-3-4, the through groove and multiple channels together form the liquid nitrogen cooling channel of the forging flat anvil assembly 2-3. The inlet and outlet of the liquid nitrogen cooling channel are both provided with threads, and are screwed with a liquid nitrogen conversion interface 2-3-5, which is convenient for quick connection to the liquid nitrogen pipeline 1-3. The inlet is connected to the terminal of the liquid nitrogen pipeline 1-3 through the liquid nitrogen conversion interface 2-3-5, and liquid nitrogen is continuously supplied to maintain the constant temperature of the forging flat anvil. The outlet is connected to the air. After the liquid nitrogen enters the liquid nitrogen cooling channel for heat exchange, it will quickly vaporize and be discharged into the air ( Figure 4 The arrows in the figure indicate the inflow direction of liquid nitrogen and the discharge direction of nitrogen gas. In this embodiment, the inlet and outlet of the liquid nitrogen cooling channel are located on the same side and are higher than the top of the rectangular groove on the quick connection mold base 2-1, so as to facilitate connection with the liquid nitrogen pipeline 1-3.

[0043] In this embodiment, the forging flat anvil assembly 2-3 is provided with a total of 7 horizontally arranged liquid nitrogen cooling channels, which are symmetrically distributed on the central plane of the flat anvil body 2-3-3 to achieve rapid cooling of the mold. The inlet of the liquid nitrogen cooling channel is provided and located at the center of the flat anvil body 2-3-3, and the outlets are provided and located on both sides of the inlet.

[0044] In this embodiment, the cross-section of the anvil body 2-3-3 is a rectangular structure and is designed to be symmetrical up and down. Both the upper and lower end surfaces can be used, that is, the upper and lower end surfaces are both working surfaces. If one end is worn out due to excessive use, it can be turned over and continued to be used, which can reduce costs.

[0045] In this embodiment, the insulation plate assembly 3 is arranged around the forging anvil assembly 2-3, and is made of low thermal conductivity insulating ceramics, including a rear end face insulation plate, a side insulation plate and a front end face insulation plate. Each insulation plate is bolted and mounted on the inner wall of the rectangular groove of the quick connection die base 2-1, and a gap is left between the side walls of the forging anvil assembly 2-3. Each insulation plate is provided with a plurality of avoidance grooves and through holes for the quick connection screws 2-2 to pass through. The end face of the forging anvil assembly 2-3 that contacts the rectangular groove of the quick connection die base 2-1 is provided with a flexible insulation layer 2-4 with a thickness of 0.5 to 3 mm, which can avoid the energy dissipation caused by the contact heat exchange between the quick connection die base 2-1 and the forging anvil assembly 2-3.

[0046] In this embodiment, the liquid nitrogen pipelines 1-3 are flexible pipelines to ensure convenient and quick assembly. The outer periphery of the flexible pipelines is wrapped with thermal insulation cotton to reduce heat loss and reduce liquid nitrogen consumption.

[0047] Example 2

[0048] This embodiment discloses a method for using the ultrafine grain aluminum alloy deep cold forging device, comprising the following steps:

[0049] S1: Assemble and fix the universal die base 2-0 of the forging press and the upper and lower working platforms of the forging hydraulic press, install the quick-connect die base 2-1 on the universal die base 2-0 of the forging press, install the forging flat anvil assembly 2-3 in the rectangular groove of the quick-connect die base 2-1, and set the insulation plate assembly 3 in the gap between the quick-connect die base 2-1 and the forging flat anvil assembly 2-3.

[0050] S2: Use the liquid nitrogen pipeline 1-3 to connect the self-pressurized liquid nitrogen container 1-1, the cryogenic control system 1-2 and the forging flat anvil assembly 2-3, and set the refrigeration parameters.

[0051] S3: Open the self-pressurized liquid nitrogen container 1-1 to pre-cool the forging flat anvil assembly 2-3. When the mold temperature reaches below -100°C, the next step can be implemented.

[0052] S4: Start the forging hydraulic press, set the forging parameters, place the workpiece blank pre-cooled to below -180°C in the center of the flat anvil body 2-3-3 of the forging flat anvil assembly 2-3, apply deep-cold lubricant and start forging. During the forging process, keep the liquid nitrogen refrigeration system 1 open to maintain the stability of the working temperature.

[0053] S5: Circularly adjust the blank loading axis to press down multiple times until the process plan is completed.

[0054] S6: Close the self-pressurizing liquid nitrogen container 1-1, close the deep freezing control system 1-2, reset the press, and take out the workpiece.

[0055] Figure 5 This is a perspective view of a 6061 ultrafine-grained aluminum alloy prepared using the preparation device of the present invention. It can be seen from the figure that the uniformity of the structure of the ultrafine-grained aluminum alloy material is significantly improved.

[0056] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A deep cold forging preparation device for ultrafine grain aluminum alloy, comprising a universal die base (2-0) for a forging press installed on the upper and lower working platforms of a forging hydraulic press, characterized in that: It also includes a liquid nitrogen refrigeration system (1) and a cryogenic forging die assembly (2), wherein the liquid nitrogen refrigeration system (1) includes a self-pressurizing liquid nitrogen container (1-1), a cryogenic control system (1-2) and a liquid nitrogen pipeline (1-3), wherein the self-pressurizing liquid nitrogen container (1-1) is connected to the cryogenic control system (1-2) via two liquid nitrogen pipelines (1-3), the cryogenic forging die assembly (2) is mounted on the universal die base (2-0) of the forging press, a liquid nitrogen cooling channel is provided in the cryogenic forging die assembly (2), and the terminals of the two liquid nitrogen pipelines (1-3) are respectively connected to a liquid nitrogen cooling channel in the cryogenic forging die assembly (2); The cryogenic forging die assembly (2) comprises a quick-connect die base (2-1) and a forging flat anvil assembly (2-3); the cross section of the universal die base (2-0) of the forging press is circular, and the cross sections of the quick-connect die base (2-1) and the forging flat anvil assembly (2-3) are both rectangular; one end of the quick-connect die base (2-1) is mounted on the circular surface of the universal die base (2-0) of the forging press, and the other end opposite thereto is provided with a rectangular groove; the forging flat anvil assembly (2-3) is mounted in the rectangular groove via a quick-connect screw (2-2), and the geometric center lines of the universal die base (2-0) of the forging press, the quick-connect die base (2-1) and the forging flat anvil assembly (2-3) are all coincident; The forging flat anvil assembly (2-3) is made of beryllium bronze material, and comprises a flat anvil body (2-3-3), a long plug block (2-3-1) and a short plug block (2-3-4). The flat anvil body (2-3-3) has a plurality of channels arranged horizontally and symmetrically distributed on the central plane of the flat anvil body (2-3-3). Each channel extends from one side wall to an opposite side wall. The ends of two or three adjacent channels are provided with through grooves for connecting the ends of the channels. The long plug block (2-3-1) or the short plug block (2-3-4) is respectively installed in the through grooves and screws (2-3-2) are installed through the plug blocks. The long plug block (2-3-1), the short plug block (2-3-4), the through groove and the plurality of channels together constitute the liquid nitrogen cooling channel, the inlet and the outlet of the liquid nitrogen cooling channel are located on the same side and are higher than the top of the rectangular groove on the quick connection die base (2-1), the inlet is located at the center of the flat anvil body (2-3-3), two outlets are provided, which are respectively located on both sides of the inlet, and the inlet and the outlet are both provided with internal threads and are screwed with a liquid nitrogen conversion interface (2-3-5), the inlet is connected to the terminal of the liquid nitrogen pipeline (1-3) through the liquid nitrogen conversion interface (2-3-5), and the outlet is connected to the air; The cryogenic control system (1-2) adjusts the liquid nitrogen pressure and flow rate through the solenoid valve and manual ball valve arranged on the liquid nitrogen pipeline (1-3), thereby controlling the temperature of the cryogenic forging die assembly (2), and can receive temperature feedback through the thermocouple arranged on the cryogenic forging die assembly (2), automatically adjust the output parameters, and realize precise temperature control.

2. The ultrafine grain aluminum alloy deep cold forging production device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of radially arranged T-shaped through slots are evenly arranged on the surface of the universal die base (2-0) of the forging press; vertical mounting holes are arranged around the end of the quick-connect die base (2-1) that contacts the universal die base (2-0) of the forging press; the quick-connect die base (2-1) is connected to the universal die base (2-0) of the forging press by means of screws (2-6) passing through the T-shaped through slots and the mounting holes, and is fastened by nuts (2-5).

3. The ultrafine grain aluminum alloy deep cold forging production device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quick connection die base (2-1) is provided with a rectangular groove having a plurality of symmetrically arranged assembly through holes on one end side wall thereof, the forging flat anvil assembly (2-3) being located in the rectangular groove having a conical blind hole corresponding to the assembly through hole on one end side wall thereof, the quick connection screw (2-2) having a conical head at the end thereof, the quick connection screw (2-2) being installed in the corresponding assembly hole and the conical blind hole, and the forging flat anvil assembly (2-3) being fastened to the quick connection die base (2-1) by the cooperation of the conical head and the conical blind hole.

4. The ultrafine grain aluminum alloy deep cold forging production device according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are 7 liquid nitrogen cooling channels.

5. The ultrafine grain aluminum alloy deep cold forging production device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross section of the flat anvil body (2-3-3) is a rectangular structure, the upper and lower end surfaces of the rectangular structure are symmetrically arranged, and both the upper and lower end surfaces can be used as working surfaces.

6. The ultrafine grain aluminum alloy deep cold forging production device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: It also includes a heat preservation plate assembly (3) arranged around the forging flat anvil assembly (2-3), the heat preservation plate assembly (3) including a rear end face heat preservation plate, a side face heat preservation plate and a front end face heat preservation plate, each heat preservation plate is fitted on the inner side wall of the rectangular groove of the quick connection die base (2-1) by bolts, and a gap is left between the side walls around the forging flat anvil assembly (2-3); the end surface of the forging flat anvil assembly (2-3) in contact with the rectangular groove of the quick connection die base (2-1) is provided with a flexible heat insulation layer (2-4).

7. The ultrafine grain aluminum alloy deep cold forging production device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The insulation board assembly (3) is made of insulating ceramics with a low thermal conductivity coefficient, the thickness of the flexible insulation layer (2-4) is 0.5 to 3 mm, and the liquid nitrogen pipeline (1-3) is a flexible pipeline and is wrapped with insulation cotton on the outside.

8. A method for using the ultrafine grain aluminum alloy deep cold forging preparation device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: The universal die base (2-0) of the forging press is assembled and fixed to the upper and lower working platforms of the forging hydraulic press, the quick-connect die base (2-1) is installed on the universal die base (2-0) of the forging press, the forging flat anvil assembly (2-3) is installed in the rectangular groove of the quick-connect die base (2-1), and a heat preservation plate assembly (3) is arranged in the gap between the quick-connect die base (2-1) and the forging flat anvil assembly (2-3); S2: using the liquid nitrogen pipeline (1-3) to connect the self-pressurized liquid nitrogen container (1-1), the cryogenic control system (1-2) and the forging flat anvil assembly (2-3), and setting refrigeration parameters; S3: opening the self-pressurized liquid nitrogen container (1-1) to pre-cool the forging flat anvil assembly (2-3) to a temperature below -100°C; S4: Start the forging hydraulic press, set the forging parameters, place the blank that has been pre-cooled to below -180°C in the center of the flat anvil body (2-3-3) of the forging flat anvil assembly (2-3), apply deep-cold lubricant and start forging. During the forging process, keep the liquid nitrogen refrigeration system (1) turned on to maintain the working temperature stable; S5: cyclically adjust the blank loading axis to press down multiple times until the process plan is completed; S6: Close the self-pressurizing liquid nitrogen container (1-1), close the cryogenic control system (1-2), reset the press, and remove the workpiece.

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