A sensor-based intelligent monitoring method for reinforced concrete pile pouring

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of concrete pouring construction, and specifically discloses a sensor-based reinforced concrete bored pile pouring intelligent monitoring method. The method performs geological survey when drilling by using multi-stage drilling equipment, and performs surrounding hole wall risk perception and drilling risk perception when switching the drill bit based on the geological survey result, thereby flexibly adjusting the drilling state, which is not limited to the drilling speed adjustment. On the one hand, it can meet the adjustment needs to the maximum extent, and on the other hand, it can avoid the influence of the frequency adjustment of the drilling speed on the construction process and equipment wear. At the same time, after the drill bit switching operation is executed, the drilling deviation is identified, and when the drilling deviation is identified, targeted correction adjustment is performed based on the geological changes before and after the switching and the drilling deviation amount. The method is not limited to the stop correction, and in some cases, the drilling process correction can be realized, thereby ensuring the continuity of construction to a certain extent, and at the same time, the stability of the hole wall can be better controlled.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of concrete pouring construction, in particular to a concrete pouring drilling technology, and specifically discloses a sensor-based reinforced concrete bored pile pouring intelligent monitoring method. Background Art

[0002] In engineering construction, bored piles are usually used as bearing foundations or retaining structures. However, there are often complex geological foundations such as slag, boulders, and boulders during drilling. Traditional drill bits cannot complete the one-time drilling of bored piles in such geological conditions. The drill bits need to be frequently replaced, which greatly slows down the drilling efficiency and easily delays the construction period. Based on this situation, the drill bits are currently modified to form multi-stage drill bits, which greatly improve the drilling efficiency by switching different drill bits under different geological conditions.

[0003] However, although the existing use of multi-stage drill bits for drilling can significantly improve the construction efficiency and quality under complex geological conditions, there are also the following problems: First, the existing drilling fluctuations are easily caused when switching drill bits, especially when switching drill bits from easy-to-drill geology to difficult-to-drill geology, the drilling force will inevitably increase, which will invisibly cause greater risks to the surrounding environment and drilling equipment. Based on this situation, it is necessary to conduct risk monitoring and adjustment before and after the drill bit switching, but the existing operations to deal with drilling risks are mostly limited to drilling speed adjustment, resulting in limited drilling adjustment effects and the risk of not being able to meet adjustment needs. In addition, excessive adjustment of drilling speed will also interfere with the construction process to a certain extent, resulting in failure to complete the task on time. At the same time, frequent changes in drilling speed mean frequent starting and stopping of the drilling rig, which will increase equipment wear and shorten equipment life.

[0004] First, the existing drilling deviation is easy to occur when switching the drill bit. In this case, drilling correction monitoring and adjustment are required. However, in order to ensure the correction effect, the existing drilling correction operation generally tends to stop the machine for correction. Frequent stoppages for correction will lead to an extension of the entire construction period. More importantly, during the stoppage for correction, the hole wall may lose support, especially in soft soil layers. The hole wall is more likely to collapse, causing greater safety hazards.

[0005] In addition, it is difficult to control the amount of over-pouring when pouring concrete into bored piles after drilling is completed. The traditional weight hammer measurement method and hole bottom sampling method are affected by large human factors, and the estimated pile top elevation position is inconsistent with the actual position, resulting in the need to chisel out all the over-pouring concrete or to adopt pile connection treatment for insufficient elevation in the later stage, which increases material and time costs. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of this, the present invention aims to propose a sensor-based intelligent monitoring method for reinforced concrete bored piles, which senses risks and monitors drilling deviation after drill bit switching during the reinforced concrete bored pile drilling process, and makes refined and flexible adjustments to maximize the guarantee of both construction progress and adjustment effects. At the same time, when concrete is poured after drilling is completed, the pressure sensor is used to distinguish between concrete and mud, and the accurate elevation of the interface where the concrete is located is obtained, which effectively solves the problems mentioned in the background technology.

[0007] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: a sensor-based intelligent monitoring method for reinforced concrete bored piles, comprising a survey terminal, an environmental sensing terminal, a drilling monitoring terminal, a positioning device, a multi-stage drilling device and a control center, wherein the survey terminal, the environmental sensing terminal, the positioning device and the drilling monitoring terminal are all arranged on the multi-stage drilling device, and the multi-stage drilling device is composed of drill bits of different structures, wherein the drill bits of different structures are suitable for different geological conditions, and specifically includes the following steps: S1, using the multi-stage drilling equipment to perform geological surveys in real time during the drilling process in the target drilling area using the survey terminal to obtain the geological conditions of the drilling position, specifically including soil type, rock hardness and groundwater level, and at the same time establish a three-dimensional coordinate system in the target drilling area, and then use the positioning device to locate the drilling position.

[0008] S2. Determine an appropriate drill bit based on the geological conditions of the drilling location and switch the drill bit.

[0009] S3. After the drill bit is switched, when drilling with an adapted drill bit, the environment sensing terminal and drilling monitoring terminal are used to sense the surrounding environment of the drilling position and monitor the drilling status. The surrounding environment sensing objects are the hole wall integrity and hole wall stability, and the drilling status monitoring objects are the drill rod force and drill bit temperature.

[0010] S4. Perform drilling risk analysis based on the surrounding environment perception of the drilling location and the drilling status monitoring results, and make drilling adjustments accordingly.

[0011] S5. After the drill bit is switched, the positioning device is continued to be used to locate the drilling position, and then the drilling position coordinates after the drill bit is switched are compared with those before the drill bit is switched to identify the drilling deviation.

[0012] S6. When drilling deviation is identified, the drilling deviation direction is determined and then drilling correction is performed.

[0013] S7. After the drilling is completed, the pressure sensor is fixed at the specified position of the cast-in-place pile reinforcement cage at a predetermined depth and lowered with the cage. In the process of concrete pouring, the pressure sensor is used to sense and distinguish the mud and concrete to obtain the elevation of the concrete interface.

[0014] In combination with all the above-mentioned technical solutions, the positive effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The present invention conducts geological surveys when implementing drilling by using multi-stage drilling equipment, and senses the risks of the surrounding hole walls and drilling risks when switching the drill bit based on the geological survey results, thereby flexibly adjusting the drilling state, which is not limited to the adjustment of the drilling speed. On the one hand, it can maximize the adjustment needs, and on the other hand, it can avoid the impact of frequency adjustment of the drilling speed on the construction progress and equipment wear, which is conducive to improving the service life of the equipment while ensuring normal construction.

[0015] 2. The present invention identifies drilling deviation after executing the drill bit switching operation, and performs targeted correction adjustments based on the geological changes before and after the switching and the drilling deviation amount when drilling deviation is identified. It is not limited to correction during shutdown. In some cases, correction can be achieved during the drilling process, thereby ensuring the continuity of construction to a certain extent. At the same time, it can better control the stability of the hole wall and reduce the risk of hole wall collapse. In addition, it can also avoid material waste and equipment wear caused by frequent shutdowns, thereby reducing maintenance costs.

[0016] 3. The present invention lowers the pressure sensor together with the bored pile reinforcement cage when pouring concrete after the drilling is completed. The pressure sensor is used to sense and distinguish the mud and concrete during the concrete pouring process to obtain the elevation of the interface where the concrete is located, so as to achieve high-precision grasp of the concrete pouring volume, avoid unnecessary concrete waste, reduce the amount of waste pile head chiseling and processing costs in the later stage, and achieve the goals of improving quality, convenience, economy, and green environmental protection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The present invention is further described using the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments in the accompanying drawings do not constitute any limitation to the present invention. A person skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on the following drawings without creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 The present invention is a flowchart of the steps for implementing the method.

[0019] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the equipment connection used in the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 The present invention is a flowchart of the drilling adjustment implementation steps. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] See also Figure 1 As shown, the present invention proposes a sensor-based intelligent monitoring method for reinforced concrete bored piles, including a survey terminal, an environmental sensing terminal, a drilling monitoring terminal, a positioning device, a multi-stage drilling device and a control center, wherein the survey terminal, the environmental sensing terminal, the positioning device and the drilling monitoring terminal are all arranged on the multi-stage drilling device, and the multi-stage drilling device is composed of drill bits of different structures, wherein the drill bits of different structures are suitable for different geological conditions.

[0023] In a more specific application of the present invention, the survey terminal is used to conduct geological surveys during the drilling process, specifically surveys of soil type, rock hardness, and groundwater level, wherein the survey terminal may be a combination of soil type detection equipment, rock hardness detection equipment, and groundwater level detection equipment. Exemplarily, the soil type detection equipment may be an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer that may directly analyze the elemental composition in the soil on site for identifying the soil type; the rock hardness detection equipment may be a portable rock hardness meter that may directly measure the hardness of the rock; and the groundwater level detection equipment may be a water level meter.

[0024] It is important to understand that soil type, rock hardness, and groundwater level are selected as geological conditions in geological surveys for drilling because all three have a direct impact on drill bit selection. Specifically, different types of soil (such as clay, sand, gravel, etc.) have different effects on resistance and drilling efficiency during drilling; the hardness of the rock determines the choice of drill bit material, for example, hard rocks (such as granite) require highly wear-resistant drill bits, while softer rocks (such as limestone) can use more conventional drill bits; high groundwater levels increase the risk of hole wall collapse because water weakens the stability of the soil or rock, so it is necessary to choose a drill bit that can effectively handle groundwater. Therefore, by understanding the soil type, rock hardness, and groundwater level in detail, a more accurate drill bit selection can be made.

[0025] The environmental perception terminal is used to perceive the risks of the surrounding hole wall environment after switching the drill bit. Specifically, it can be an acoustic wave imaging device or a multi-ultrasonic probe. The acoustic wave imaging device and the multi-ultrasonic probe can perceive the risks of the surrounding hole wall environment without contact, which can effectively reduce the risk of equipment damage and the possible shutdown caused by it. In addition, in some dangerous environments, the non-contact method can better protect the safety of equipment and operators.

[0026] The drilling monitoring terminal is used to monitor the drilling status risk of the drilling equipment after the drill bit is switched, specifically the risk monitoring of the drill rod stress and drill bit temperature. The drilling monitoring terminal consists of a temperature sensor and a strain gauge. The temperature sensor is placed on the drill bit, and the strain gauge is attached to the surface of the drill rod.

[0027] It should be understood that the main reason for focusing on monitoring the stress on the drill pipe and the temperature of the drill bit after switching the drill bit is that these two parameters directly affect the safety of the drilling process. Specifically, the drill pipe is subjected to huge tension and torque during the drilling process. If the geological conditions change after switching the drill bit, the original drill pipe may no longer adapt to the new drilling conditions. Monitoring the stress on the drill pipe can timely detect whether it exceeds its load limit and prevent the drill pipe from breaking. Switching the drill bit may change the cutting method and load of the drill bit, thereby affecting the temperature of the drill bit. Excessive temperature may cause the drill bit to wear or fail prematurely. Monitoring the temperature of the drill bit can prevent overheating and ensure the normal operation of the drill bit.

[0028] The positioning device is a positioning device used based on the established three-dimensional coordinate system. It can perform three-dimensional coordinate positioning. The longitude and latitude system is not used for positioning because the coordinate system positioning can usually provide higher accuracy and finer resolution, while the longitude and latitude system is usually suitable for geographic positioning in a larger range, with lower accuracy and is not suitable for detailed drilling positioning. In addition, the coordinate system is usually combined with on-site equipment for real-time positioning. The signal and data transmission of the equipment are more stable in a smaller area. Compared with the longitude and latitude system, it is less susceptible to satellite signal loss or interference, making the positioning more stable and providing reliable data support for subsequent drilling deviation identification.

[0029] The control center is used to analyze and control relevant parameters based on the monitoring data of the above equipment during the drilling process.

[0030] The connection relationship between the survey terminal, environment perception terminal, drilling monitoring terminal, positioning equipment, multi-stage drilling equipment and control center mentioned above can be found in Figure 2 shown.

[0031] The specific implementation of the present invention includes the following steps: S1, using a multi-stage drilling device to use a survey terminal to conduct real-time geological surveys during the drilling process in the target drilling area to obtain the geological conditions of the drilling position, including soil type, rock hardness and groundwater level. At the same time, a three-dimensional coordinate system is established based on the target drilling area of ​​the bored pile, and the drilling position is located using a positioning device.

[0032] In the preferred implementation of the above scheme, a three-dimensional coordinate system is established in the target drilling area as follows: the center point of the target drilling area is taken as the origin, a reference direction is selected on the plane where the target drilling area is located as the x-axis, and the direction perpendicular to the x-axis is used as the y-axis in the plane where the target drilling area is located, and the drilling direction of the multi-stage drilling equipment in the target drilling area is used as the z-axis, thereby establishing a three-dimensional coordinate system.

[0033] S2. Determine an appropriate drill bit based on the geological conditions of the drilling location, and switch the drill bit. The specific switching is as follows: match the soil type of the drilling location using the applicable relationship between the multi-stage drill bit and the soil type to obtain a drill bit that is suitable for the soil type of the drilling location.

[0034] The rock hardness at the drilling location is matched using the applicable relationship between the multi-stage drill bit and the rock hardness, so as to obtain a drill bit suitable for the rock hardness at the drilling location.

[0035] The groundwater level at the drilling location is matched using the applicable relationship between the multi-stage drill bit and the groundwater level to obtain a drill bit suitable for the groundwater level at the drilling location.

[0036] It should be noted that the applicability relationship between the above-mentioned multi-stage drill bit and soil type, rock hardness and groundwater level is extracted and constructed from the instructions for use through the determined multi-stage drill bit name, specification model, and is an initially determined setting.

[0037] In the example of the multi-stage drill bit and soil type in the above scheme, clay is suitable for a drill bit for soft soil layers, such as an auger bit or a rotary drill bit; sand is suitable for a drill bit with strong wear resistance, such as a roller drill bit or an impact drill bit; gravel is suitable for a drill bit that can handle large-particle gravel, such as a rock drill bit or a hammer drill bit.

[0038] An intersection operation is performed on the drill bits suitable for the soil type, rock hardness and groundwater level at the drilling location. If an intersection operation result exists, the applicable drill bit in the operation result is used as the adaptive drill bit. If no intersection operation result exists, the priority of soil type, rock hardness and groundwater level is determined as follows: the first level is rock hardness, the second level is groundwater level, and the third level is soil type.

[0039] It should be noted that the above-mentioned intersection operation result means that the same drill bits exist for the soil type, rock hardness and groundwater level of the drilling location. In a specific example, suppose that the multi-stage drill bits in the multi-stage drilling equipment are , , , , The drill bits suitable for the soil type, rock hardness and groundwater level at the drilling location constitute the corresponding sets , , , then there is an intersection operation result of , and then As a drill bit adapter.

[0040] It should be explained that the reason why the priority of soil type, rock hardness and groundwater level is determined as rock hardness at the first level, groundwater level at the second level, and soil type at the third level when there is no intersection result is that rock hardness is one of the key factors in determining the selection of drill bits, because it directly affects the wear degree and drilling efficiency of the drill bit. If it is not suitable for rock hardness, it may cause serious safety problems. Groundwater level has a relatively minor influence on the selection of drill bits. Although soil type is important, it is usually used as a supplementary factor after rock hardness and groundwater level have been considered.

[0041] The drill bits suitable for the soil type, rock hardness and groundwater level of the drilling location are compared with each other to identify whether there is a geological condition group formed by the same drill bits. If so, the geological condition group formed by the same drill bits is recorded as the geological group. Then, the priority numbers of the geological conditions existing in each geological group are superimposed and the reciprocal is taken. The priority number is specifically 1 for the first level and 2 for the second level. It can be seen that the smaller the priority number, the greater the dominance. The dominance corresponding to each geological group is obtained, and then the drill bit existing in the geological group corresponding to the maximum dominance is taken as the adaptive drill bit. If it does not exist, the applicable drill bit corresponding to the first priority level geological condition is taken as the adaptive drill bit.

[0042] In the above example, it is assumed that the drill bits suitable for the soil type, rock hardness and groundwater level at the drilling location constitute the corresponding sets , , At this time, there are geological condition groups formed by the same type of drill bits, which are and The intersection , and The intersection , at this time statistics and The dominances of the drill bits are compared and the applicable drill bit corresponding to the maximum dominance is selected as the adapted drill bit.

[0043] S3. After the drill bit is switched, when drilling with an adapted drill bit, the environment sensing terminal and drilling monitoring terminal are used to sense the surrounding environment of the drilling position and monitor the drilling status. The surrounding environment sensing objects are the hole wall integrity and hole wall stability, and the drilling status monitoring objects are the drill rod force and drill bit temperature.

[0044] In the specific implementation of the above scheme, the hole wall integrity perception refers to the following process: using the acoustic wave imaging device in the environmental perception terminal to emit acoustic wave pulses to the hole wall at the drilling position, while receiving the acoustic wave signal reflected from the hole wall, and recording the acoustic wave signal data to generate a hole wall image.

[0045] The appearance defect characteristics of the hole wall are identified by extracting the amplitude distribution of the hole wall image, specifically including the appearance defect degree characteristics and the appearance defect position characteristics, wherein the appearance defect degree characteristics include the number of appearance defect regions and the appearance defect area, and the appearance defect position characteristics are the distribution positions of each appearance defect region. The appearance defect degree of the hole wall is calculated based on the appearance defect degree characteristics, and the distribution concentration of the hole wall appearance defects is calculated based on the appearance defect position characteristics.

[0046] It should be explained that acoustic imaging technology can provide detailed images of the internal structure of the hole wall, helping to identify cracks, holes and other irregular features on the hole wall. The specific identification method is to analyze the amplitude of the acoustic wave signal data. When there is a strong reflection, it means that there are appearance defects on the hole wall, such as cracks or holes. When there is a weak reflection, it means that the hole wall is relatively uniform.

[0047] In the specific implementation of the above scheme, the degree of the appearance defect of the hole wall can be obtained by adding up the appearance defect areas of each appearance defect area and dividing it by the surface area of ​​the hole wall. The distribution concentration of the appearance defect of the hole wall can be obtained by selecting a point in the hole wall image as a reference point. For example, the reference point can be a specific marking point on the hole mouth, hole bottom or hole wall. Then, the distribution position of each appearance defect area is compared with the reference point position to obtain the distance between the distribution position of each appearance defect area and the reference point, and the obtained distance is subjected to standard deviation calculation, and further used by formula From this formula, we can see that when the distance standard deviation is smaller, it means that the defect area is concentrated near the reference point and the concentration is higher. When the distance standard deviation is larger, it means that the defect area is more dispersed and the concentration is lower.

[0048] In the further implementation of the above scheme, the hole wall stability perception refers to the following process: using multiple ultrasonic probes in the environmental sensing terminal to transmit ultrasonic pulses to the hole wall at the drilling position, wherein the ultrasonic probe selects a non-contact probe, and receives the ultrasonic signal reflected from the hole wall, and simultaneously records the ultrasonic signal data to calculate the hole wall stress, thereby obtaining the hole wall stress at different ultrasonic probe emission positions.

[0049] The hole wall stresses at different ultrasonic probe emission positions are compared to extract the maximum hole wall stress and the minimum hole wall stress. At the same time, the distance between the ultrasonic probe emission position corresponding to the maximum hole wall stress and the ultrasonic probe emission position corresponding to the maximum hole wall stress is calculated to obtain the interval distance.

[0050] The maximum hole wall stress and the minimum hole wall stress are combined with the spacing distance using the expression Get the hole wall stability , where , They represent the maximum hole wall stress and the minimum hole wall stress respectively. Indicates the interval distance, Indicates the hole wall length. The hole wall length can be obtained by ultrasonic scanning of the hole wall.

[0051] It should be explained that the stability of the hole wall is greatly affected by the difference in stress distribution, and is also affected by the distance between the stress distributions. When the positions of the maximum stress and the minimum stress of the hole wall are close to each other, it means that the stress gradient in this area is large and the local stress concentration phenomenon is significant. In this case, a small part of the hole wall may be subjected to excessive stress, causing the material to be easily plastically deformed or even ruptured, thereby reducing the stability of the overall structure. On the contrary, if the positions of the maximum stress and the minimum stress are far apart, it means that the stress distribution is more uniform, the stress state of each part of the hole wall is less different, and the overall stability of the hole wall is relatively good. Because in this case, the local stress concentration effect is dispersed, reducing the risk of hole wall damage due to excessive stress at a single point or in a small range.

[0052] It should be further explained that the principle of using ultrasound to detect the stress distribution of the hole wall is that the propagation speed of ultrasound in different materials is related to the elastic modulus of the material, and the elastic modulus is closely related to the stress state of the material. When ultrasound passes through the hole wall, its waveform will change, and these changes can be used to evaluate the stress state of the hole wall. The specific evaluation process belongs to the existing technology and will not be repeated here.

[0053] S4. Perform drilling risk analysis based on the surrounding environment perception of the drilling location and the drilling status monitoring results, and make drilling adjustments accordingly.

[0054] The above-mentioned drilling risk analysis is as follows: the comprehensive index of hole wall defects at the drilling position is obtained by multiplying the degree of hole wall appearance defects at the drilling position by the concentration of hole wall appearance defects distribution.

[0055] The comprehensive index of hole wall defects and the hole wall stability at the drilling position are weighted averaged to obtain the hole wall risk coefficient at the drilling position. For example, the weight factors corresponding to the comprehensive index of hole wall defects and the hole wall stability may be 0.4 and 0.6.

[0056] The drill rod force and drill bit temperature at the drilling position are compared with the corresponding tolerable values, and the expression Calculate the drilling risk factor of the drilling location , where , They respectively represent the drill rod force and drill bit temperature at the drilling position. , They respectively indicate the stress that the drill pipe can withstand and the temperature that the drill bit can withstand. Indicates natural constants. The stress that the drill rod can withstand and the temperature that the drill bit can withstand can be obtained from the technical manual of the multi-hole drilling equipment according to its specifications and models.

[0057] In the innovative implementation of the above scheme, a drilling adjustment judgment is required before the drilling adjustment is implemented. The specific operations are as follows: the hole wall risk coefficient and the drilling risk coefficient of the drilling position are compared with the set risk thresholds respectively. If there is a hole wall risk coefficient or the drilling risk coefficient is greater than the set risk threshold, it is judged that drilling adjustment is required, otherwise it is judged that drilling adjustment is not required.

[0058] Further, see Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the drilling adjustment is implemented as follows: (1) When the hole wall risk coefficient does not reach the set risk threshold but the drilling risk coefficient reaches the set risk threshold, it means that there is a high risk in the drilling process, while the hole wall risk itself is relatively small. It is necessary to reduce the impact on the hole wall and the force on the drill rod by reducing the drilling speed. At this time, the adjustment method is determined to reduce the drilling speed. At this time, the current drilling speed is obtained, and then the value obtained by subtracting 1 from the drilling risk coefficient of the drilling position is multiplied by the current drilling speed to obtain the required drilling speed of the drilling position, and the control center is used to adjust according to the required drilling speed. At the same time, after the drilling speed is adjusted, the drilling status is continued to be monitored to obtain the drilling risk coefficient until the drilling risk coefficient is less than the set risk threshold.

[0059] (2) When the borehole wall risk coefficient reaches the set risk threshold but the drilling risk coefficient does not reach the set risk threshold, this means that there is a greater risk in the borehole wall, while the drilling itself has not reached a dangerous level. Therefore, it is necessary to prioritize adjusting the parameters related to the borehole wall stability or take measures to enhance the stability of the borehole wall. At this time, the adjustment method is determined to be borehole wall reinforcement. The specific measures may be to increase support. At this time, during the borehole wall reinforcement operation at the current drilling speed, the borehole wall integrity and borehole wall stability are monitored in real time. Similarly, the borehole wall risk coefficient is calculated and compared with the borehole wall risk coefficient before the borehole wall reinforcement to obtain the borehole wall risk comparison difference. If the borehole wall risk comparison difference is a positive value, it means that the borehole wall risk has not improved. At this time, the drilling speed is reduced. If the borehole wall risk comparison difference is a negative value, it means that the borehole wall risk has improved. Then the current drilling speed is maintained until the borehole wall risk coefficient after the borehole wall reinforcement is less than the set risk threshold.

[0060] (3) When both the borehole risk factor and the drilling risk factor reach the set risk threshold, the adjustment method is determined to stop drilling and reinforce the borehole wall until both the borehole risk factor and the drilling risk factor are less than the set risk threshold and then drilling is continued.

[0061] The present invention uses multi-stage drilling equipment to conduct geological surveys when drilling, and senses the risks of the surrounding hole walls and drilling when switching the drill bit based on the geological survey results, thereby flexibly adjusting the drilling state, which is not limited to the adjustment of the drilling speed. On the one hand, it can meet the adjustment needs to the greatest extent, and on the other hand, it can avoid the influence of the frequency adjustment of the drilling speed on the construction progress and equipment wear, which is beneficial to improve the service life of the equipment while ensuring normal construction.

[0062] S5. After the drill bit is switched, the positioning device is continued to be used to locate the drilling position, and then the drilling position coordinates after the drill bit is switched are compared with the drilling position coordinates before the drill bit is switched to identify the drilling deviation. The specific identification is as follows: the coordinate values ​​along the x-axis and y-axis of the drilling position coordinates after the drill bit is switched and before the drill bit is switched are compared. , Import formula Calculate drilling deviation , where represents a reference offset distance, wherein the reference offset distance is set to eliminate the dimension in the calculation, and illustratively the reference offset distance is 1 cm.

[0063] It should be understood that when identifying drilling deviation, the coordinate values ​​along the x-axis and y-axis in the drilling position coordinates are used for analysis and calculation, rather than the coordinate values ​​along the z-axis. This is because as the drilling process progresses, the coordinate values ​​along the z-axis of the drilling position are constantly changing. Therefore, the z-axis coordinate value itself is not stable and cannot be used directly to measure drilling deviation.

[0064] The drilling deviation is compared with the preset allowable deviation, wherein the allowable deviation is set in advance in the design planning document before drilling. For example, the allowable deviation is 0.6. If the drilling deviation is greater than the allowable deviation, drilling deviation is identified.

[0065] S6. When drilling deviation is identified, the drilling deviation direction is determined and then drilling correction is performed.

[0066] It is important to know that the drilling deviation direction refers to the coordinate axis along which the drilling deviation occurs.

[0067] Furthermore, the drilling deviation correction is implemented as follows: the rock hardness before the drill bit is switched is compared with the rock hardness after the drill bit is switched, and the rock hardness switching difference (the rock hardness before the switch minus the rock hardness after the switch) is obtained, and the rock hardness change degree before and after the switch is obtained by dividing it by the rock hardness before the drill bit is switched. When the rock hardness change degree before and after the switch is a positive value, it means that the drilling before and after the switch is from a geological condition that is difficult to drill to a geological condition that is easy to drill. At this time, the drill bit is subject to less resistance and is easy to deviate from the predetermined path. At the same time, due to the small resistance, the drilling speed is accelerated, and the operator's reaction time is reduced. Once the deviation is found, the time window for correction becomes shorter. When the rock hardness change degree before and after the switch is a negative value, it means that the drilling before and after the switch is from a geological condition that is easy to drill to a geological condition that is difficult to drill. At this time, the drill bit is subject to greater resistance and correction is relatively easier.

[0068] The drilling correction obstacle coefficient is obtained by accumulating the change degree of rock hardness before and after switching and the difference between the drilling deviation and the allowable deviation, and compared with the set limit value. If the drilling correction obstacle coefficient is greater than the limit value, drilling is stopped and drilling correction is carried out according to the drilling deviation direction using the control center. Otherwise, the drilling speed is reduced and drilling correction is carried out according to the drilling deviation direction using the control center. At this time, the continuity of construction can be guaranteed to a certain extent.

[0069] S7. After the drilling is completed, the pressure sensor is fixed at the specified position of the cast-in-place pile reinforcement cage at a predetermined depth and lowered with the cage. In the process of concrete pouring, the pressure sensor is used to sense and distinguish the mud and concrete to obtain the elevation of the concrete interface.

[0070] It should be noted that during the concrete pouring process, the pressure sensor collects the electrical properties of the surrounding medium and detects changes in pressure values. Due to the different electrical properties and pressure values ​​of mud and concrete, the sensor signal strengths are different, and the mud and concrete can be distinguished. When the pressure value meets the predetermined standard, the concrete pouring can be stopped to achieve precise control of the pouring volume.

[0071] The above contents are merely examples and explanations of the structure of the present invention. The technicians in this technical field may make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or replace them in a similar manner. As long as they do not deviate from the structure of the invention or exceed the scope defined by the present invention, they should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sensor-based intelligent monitoring method for reinforced concrete bored piles, characterized in that: The method comprises a survey terminal, an environment sensing terminal, a drilling monitoring terminal, a positioning device, a multi-stage drilling device and a control center, wherein the survey terminal, the environment sensing terminal, the positioning device and the drilling monitoring terminal are all arranged on the multi-stage drilling device, and the multi-stage drilling device is composed of drill bits of different structures, wherein the drill bits of different structures are suitable for different geological conditions, and specifically comprises the following steps: S1. Use a multi-stage drilling device to perform real-time geological surveys in the target drilling area using a survey terminal to obtain geological conditions at the drilling location, including soil type, rock hardness, and groundwater level. At the same time, a three-dimensional coordinate system is established in the target drilling area, and then the drilling location is located using a positioning device; S2. Determine the appropriate drill bit based on the geological conditions of the drilling location and switch the drill bit; S3. After the drill bit is switched, the environment sensing terminal and the drilling monitoring terminal are used to sense the surrounding environment of the drilling position and monitor the drilling status when drilling with the adapted drill bit. The surrounding environment sensing objects are the hole wall integrity and hole wall stability, and the drilling status monitoring objects are the drill rod force and the drill bit temperature. S4, performing drilling risk analysis based on the surrounding environment perception of the drilling position and the drilling status monitoring results, and making drilling adjustments accordingly; S5, continue to use the positioning device to locate the drilling position after the drill bit is switched, and then compare the drilling position coordinates after the drill bit is switched with those before the drill bit is switched to identify the drilling deviation; S6, after identifying the presence of drilling deviation, determining the direction of the drilling deviation and performing drilling deviation correction; S7, after the drilling is completed, the pressure sensor is fixed at the designated position of the cast-in-place pile reinforcement cage according to the predicted depth and lowered with the cage, so that during the concrete pouring process, the pressure sensor is used to sense and distinguish the mud and concrete to obtain the elevation of the interface where the concrete is located; The hole wall integrity perception refers to the following process: The acoustic wave imaging device in the environment sensing terminal is used to transmit acoustic wave pulses to the hole wall at the drilling position, and at the same time, the acoustic wave signal reflected from the hole wall is received, and the acoustic wave signal data is recorded to generate a hole wall image; The appearance defect features of the hole wall are identified by extracting the amplitude distribution of the hole wall image, specifically including the appearance defect degree features and the appearance defect position features, and the hole wall appearance defect degree is calculated based on the appearance defect degree features, and the hole wall appearance defect distribution concentration is calculated based on the appearance defect position features; The hole wall stability perception refers to the following process: The multi-ultrasonic probe in the environment sensing terminal is used to transmit ultrasonic pulses to the hole wall at the drilling position, and the ultrasonic signal reflected from the hole wall is received. At the same time, the ultrasonic signal data is recorded to calculate the hole wall stress, and the hole wall stress at different ultrasonic probe emission positions is obtained; The hole wall stresses at different ultrasonic probe emission positions are compared to extract the maximum hole wall stress and the minimum hole wall stress. At the same time, the distance between the ultrasonic probe emission position corresponding to the maximum hole wall stress and the ultrasonic probe emission position corresponding to the maximum hole wall stress is calculated to obtain the interval distance. The maximum hole wall stress and minimum hole wall stress Combination interval distance Using expressions Get the hole wall stability , where Indicates the hole wall length; The drilling risk analysis is as follows: The comprehensive index of hole wall defects at the drilling position is obtained by multiplying the hole wall appearance defect degree at the drilling position by the hole wall appearance defect distribution concentration; The hole wall defect comprehensive index and hole wall stability at the drilling position are weighted averaged to obtain the hole wall risk coefficient at the drilling position; Apply force to the drill rod at the drilling position and drill bit temperature Compared with the corresponding tolerable values, the expression Calculate the drilling risk factor of the drilling location , where , They respectively indicate the stress that the drill pipe can withstand and the temperature that the drill bit can withstand. represents a natural constant; Before the drilling adjustment is implemented, a drilling adjustment judgment needs to be performed, and the specific operations are as follows: The hole wall risk factor and the drilling risk factor of the drilling position are compared with the set risk thresholds respectively. If there is a hole wall risk factor or the drilling risk factor is greater than the set risk threshold, it is determined that drilling adjustment is required, otherwise it is determined that drilling adjustment is not required; The drilling adjustment is implemented as follows: (1) When the hole wall risk coefficient does not reach the set risk threshold but the drilling risk coefficient reaches the set risk threshold, the adjustment method is determined to reduce the drilling speed. At this time, the current drilling speed is obtained, and then the value obtained by subtracting 1 from the drilling risk coefficient of the drilling position is multiplied by the current drilling speed to obtain the required drilling speed of the drilling position, and the control center is used to adjust according to the required drilling speed. At the same time, after the drilling speed is adjusted, the drilling status is continuously monitored to obtain the drilling risk coefficient until the drilling risk coefficient is less than the set risk threshold; (2) When the hole wall risk coefficient reaches the set risk threshold but the drilling risk coefficient does not reach the set risk threshold, the adjustment method is determined to be hole wall reinforcement. At this time, the hole wall integrity and hole wall stability are monitored in real time during the hole wall reinforcement operation at the current drilling speed. The hole wall risk coefficient is calculated in the same way and compared with the hole wall risk coefficient before the hole wall reinforcement to obtain the hole wall risk comparison difference. If the hole wall risk comparison difference is a positive value, the drilling speed is reduced. If the hole wall risk comparison difference is a negative value, the current drilling speed is maintained until the hole wall risk coefficient after the hole wall reinforcement is less than the set risk threshold; (3) When both the borehole risk factor and the drilling risk factor reach the set risk threshold, the adjustment method is determined to stop drilling and reinforce the borehole wall until both the borehole risk factor and the drilling risk factor are less than the set risk threshold and then drilling is continued.

2. A sensor-based intelligent monitoring method for reinforced concrete bored piles as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The process of establishing a three-dimensional coordinate system in the target drilling area is as follows: The center point of the target drilling area is taken as the origin, a reference direction is selected as the x-axis on the plane where the target drilling area is located, and the direction perpendicular to the x-axis is used as the y-axis on the plane where the target drilling area is located. At the same time, the drilling direction of the multi-stage drilling equipment in the target drilling area is used as the z-axis, thereby establishing a three-dimensional coordinate system.

3. A sensor-based intelligent monitoring method for reinforced concrete bored piles as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The determination of the suitable drill bit is implemented as follows: The soil type at the drilling location is matched using the applicable relationship between the multi-stage drilling equipment and the soil type to obtain a drill bit suitable for the soil type at the drilling location; The rock hardness at the drilling location is matched using the applicable relationship between the multi-stage drilling equipment and the rock hardness to obtain a drill bit suitable for the rock hardness at the drilling location; Matching the groundwater level at the drilling location with the applicable relationship between the multi-stage drilling equipment and the groundwater level to obtain a drill bit suitable for the groundwater level at the drilling location; Perform an intersection operation on the drill bits suitable for the soil type, rock hardness and groundwater level at the drilling location. If an intersection operation result exists, the applicable drill bit in the operation result is used as the adapted drill bit. If no intersection operation result exists, the priority of soil type, rock hardness and groundwater level is determined as follows: the first level is rock hardness, the second level is groundwater level, and the third level is soil type; The drill bits suitable for the soil type, rock hardness and groundwater level of the drilling location are compared with each other to identify whether there is a geological condition group formed by the same drill bits. If so, the geological condition group formed by the same drill bits is recorded as the geological group. Then, the priority numbers of the geological conditions existing in each geological group are superimposed and the inverse is taken to obtain the dominance corresponding to each geological group. Then, the drill bit existing in the geological group corresponding to the maximum dominance is taken as the adaptive drill bit. If it does not exist, the applicable drill bit corresponding to the first priority level geological condition is taken as the adaptive drill bit.

4. A sensor-based intelligent monitoring method for reinforced concrete bored piles as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The drilling deviation identification process is as follows: The coordinate values ​​along the x-axis and y-axis of the drilling position coordinates after the drill bit is switched and before the drill bit is switched , Import formula Calculate drilling deviation , where Indicates the reference offset distance; The drilling deviation is compared with the preset allowable deviation. If the drilling deviation is greater than the allowable deviation, it is identified that there is a drilling deviation.

5. A sensor-based intelligent monitoring method for reinforced concrete bored piles as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The drilling deviation correction is implemented as follows: The rock hardness before the drill bit is switched is compared with the rock hardness after the drill bit is switched to obtain the rock hardness switching difference, and the rock hardness change degree before and after the switching is obtained by dividing the difference by the rock hardness before the drill bit is switched; The drilling correction obstacle coefficient is obtained by accumulating the change degree of rock hardness before and after the switch and the difference between the drilling deviation and the allowable deviation, and compared with the set limit value. If the drilling correction obstacle coefficient is greater than the limit value, the drilling is stopped and the control center is used to perform drilling correction according to the drilling deviation direction. Otherwise, the drilling speed is reduced and the control center is used to perform drilling correction according to the drilling deviation direction.

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