An adaptive fertilization and seeding integrated machine

Abstract

An adaptive fertilizing and seeding integrated machine includes a tractor, a guide beam connected to the rear of the tractor, a rack beam connected to the rear of the guide beam, and multiple movable seats between the guide beam and the rack beam. Each movable seat is connected to a longitudinal guide beam, the other end of which is mounted on a rear crossbeam. A pressure roller is located below the rear crossbeam. A fertilizing and seeding device is mounted on the longitudinal guide beam and is movable along the length of the longitudinal guide beam. Unlike existing seeding equipment, in this device, the fertilizing and seeding device can adjust the planting spacing according to the planting distance of the specific crops during continuous tractor movement. Furthermore, the structure allows for seed replenishment during tractor movement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural automatic fertilization and sowing equipment technology, specifically an adaptive fertilization and sowing integrated machine. Background Technology

[0002] Existing integrated fertilizer and seeder machines can generally only be applied to one type of crop at a time. Due to limitations such as sowing spacing, intercropping is not possible. Therefore, when dealing with intercropping, it is usually necessary to sow and fertilize in a single row, and this process needs to be repeated multiple times. Moreover, for some crops that require single-seed sowing, missing seedlings are inevitable when the machine is sowing. In this case, replanting is required, and the above replanting process is generally done by workers. Although the missing seedlings are not very serious, workers still need to patrol the entire planting area, which is very time-consuming and labor-intensive. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the problem that conventional sowing equipment cannot achieve intercropping and inevitably results in seedling shortages, this invention provides an adaptive fertilization and sowing integrated machine.

[0004] The technical solution of this invention is as follows:

[0005] An adaptive fertilizing and seeding integrated machine includes a tractor. The tail end of the tractor is provided with a movable connecting arm. The movable connecting arm is rotatably connected to a guide beam. The length direction of the guide beam is perpendicular to the forward direction of the tractor. A rack beam is connected to the side of the guide beam away from the tractor. Multiple movable seats are spaced apart along the length direction between the guide beam and the rack beam, and the movable seats can be fixed at any position in the arrangement direction.

[0006] The lower end of the movable seat is detachably connected to one end of the longitudinal guide beam, and the length direction of the longitudinal guide beam is parallel to the forward direction of the tractor. The ends of the longitudinal guide beams away from the movable seat are arranged on the rear crossbeam, and the ends of the longitudinal guide beams can move along the length direction of the rear crossbeam. Multiple pressure rollers corresponding to the longitudinal guide beams are arranged at intervals along the length direction below the rear crossbeam.

[0007] A fertilizer planter is installed on the longitudinal guide beam, and the fertilizer planter can move along the length direction of the longitudinal guide beam. The fertilizer planter includes a movable base that can only move along the longitudinal guide beam. A box is installed above the movable base, a feeding block is installed below the movable base, a movable perforated plate is installed below the feeding block, and the movable perforated plate can move in a direction parallel to the length direction of the longitudinal guide beam. A broadcasting plow is installed below the movable perforated plate.

[0008] The feeding block has openings at both ends of the spreading plow's movement direction, and these openings are connected to the seed outlet and fertilizer outlet below the box via conduits. The movable perforated plate has fertilizer holes and granule holes at corresponding positions on the feeding block. The distance between the fertilizer holes and granule holes is greater than the diameter of the opening above the spreading plow. Multiple granule holes are arranged along the direction away from the spreading plow opening, and any granule hole can move to the top of the spreading plow opening. Similarly, the fertilizer holes can also move to the top of the spreading plow opening.

[0009] Unlike existing sowing equipment, although the drive mechanism of this device, namely the tractor, moves continuously, intercropping can be achieved through the independent movement and adjustment of different fertilizer planters relative to the longitudinal guide beam. The spacing can be adjusted according to the planting distance of the specific crop. In addition, in order to avoid missing seedlings, seeds can be supplemented through the continuous staggered holes of the movable perforated plate. This process does not require the tractor to be stopped and does not affect the overall operation.

[0010] The above-mentioned movable seat is adjusted by means that the rack beam has teeth arranged along the length direction on the side near the guide beam, the output shaft of the movable seat is sleeved and fixed with a driven gear, and the driven gear meshes with the teeth. The lower end of the output shaft is also rotatably connected to a rotating disk, and the rotating disk is detachably connected to the longitudinal guide beam.

[0011] The seeding detection is achieved by installing a detector on one side of the broadcasting plow, which can detect whether any material passes through the channel of the broadcasting plow.

[0012] To prevent fertilizer from entering the granule holes and causing seedling loss, the distance between the two farthest granule holes on the same movable plate is less than the distance between the fertilizer hole and the adjacent granule hole.

[0013] To accommodate different crops, the sum of the heights of the feed block and the movable orifice plate of the same fertilizer planter is the same, and both the feed block and the movable orifice plate are provided with multiple thickness specifications. The apertures of the fertilizer holes and granule holes of the movable orifice plate are adjustable, and the projections of the fertilizer holes and granule holes in the vertical direction are all smaller than the feed opening of the corresponding feed block.

[0014] The method for achieving reseeding with the fertilizer planter relatively stationary is as follows: an expansion joint is provided between the movable base and the movable seat, and the extension direction of the expansion joint is parallel to the length direction of the longitudinal guide beam. The extension speed of the output end of the expansion joint can be the same as the forward speed of the tractor, and the retraction speed of the output end of the expansion joint is not less than the forward speed of the tractor.

[0015] To facilitate the movement of the equipment, the movable connecting arm can rotate in a vertical plane, and the horizontal plane where the lowest point of the spreading plow is located can be higher than the horizontal plane where the lowest point of the pressure roller is located.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment, the output end of the telescopic device is detachably connected to the movable base.

[0017] To prevent the longitudinal guide rail from detaching from the longitudinal guide rail beam after disassembly, a limit block is detachably installed at the end of the fertilizer planter near the tractor.

[0018] To ensure accurate addition of fertilizer and seeds, when the fertilizer hole is aligned with the fertilizer outlet, the adjacent particle hole is aligned with the seed outlet.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention is an adaptive fertilizer-seeder integrated machine, which differs from existing equipment. Each fertilizer-seeder can move under the drive of the same tractor. During the movement, unlike existing equipment, the sowing spacing can be adjusted and waste materials can be added according to the specific crop type. The spacing between adjacent fertilizer-seeders can also be adjusted as needed. For crops with single seeds, it can promptly detect missing seeds. After detection, it can replenish the current seeds without stopping the tractor and while other fertilizer-seeders are operating normally. In other words, the fertilizer-seeder can achieve relative stillness at the corresponding position and continue until the seeds are replenished before operating synchronously with other fertilizer-seeders. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The solutions and advantages of this application will become clear to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0021] In the attached diagram:

[0022] Figure 1 This is a top view of the structure of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a front view structural diagram of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a front view structural diagram of the present invention (and...) Figure 2 (Different states);

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the tractor and related connection structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the fertilizer applicator and related connection structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fertilizer seeder in the conventional sowing state of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the supplementary sowing state structure of the fertilizer planter of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the fertilizer applicator in the fertilizer application state of the present invention;

[0030] The components represented by the various reference numerals in the diagram are:

[0031] 1. Tractor; 2. Movable connecting arm; 3. Guide beam; 4. Rack beam; 5. Movable seat; 51. Output shaft; 52. Driven gear; 53. Rotating disc; 6. Longitudinal guide beam; 7. Rear crossbeam; 8. Pressure roller; 9. Fertilizer seeder; 91. Movable base; 92. Box; 93. Guide tube; 94. Feed block; 95. Movable perforated plate; 951. Fertilizer hole; 952. Pellet hole; 96. Broadcasting plow; 97. Detector; 10. Telescopic device. Detailed Implementation

[0032] like Figure 1-3 An adaptive fertilizing and seeding integrated machine is shown, including a tractor 1. A movable connecting arm 2 is provided at the rear end of the tractor 1. The movable connecting arm 2 can connect other structures to the tractor 1 and ensure that they can move synchronously with the tractor 1, thereby realizing seeding and fertilizing during movement. For this purpose, the movable connecting arm 2 is rotatably connected to a guide beam 3. It should be noted that the movable connecting arm 2 is not fixed to the guide beam 3, but rather, to facilitate the movement of the equipment, the movable connecting arm 2 can rotate in a vertical plane, and the horizontal plane where the lowest point of the spreading plow 96 is located can be higher than the horizontal plane where the lowest point of the pressure roller 8 is located. Figure 2 , 3 As shown, under normal circumstances, when located in a farmland, the aforementioned seeding plow 96 needs to extend into the soil for seeding. Therefore, its position needs to be lower than the wheels to ensure it is inserted into the soil. After the work is completed, when it needs to be moved from the farmland to the garage, it needs to be adjusted to... Figure 3 As shown in the diagram, it can move normally on the ground without bumping into the aforementioned spreading plow 96.

[0033] Then, further, such as Figure 2-6 As shown, the length direction of the guide beam 3 is perpendicular to the forward direction of the tractor 1. This arrangement enables simultaneous sowing of multiple rows. A rack beam 4 is connected to the side of the guide beam 3 away from the tractor 1. The rack beam 4 serves not only as a normal support but also as a guide rail. Multiple movable seats 5 are spaced apart along the length direction between the guide beam 3 and the rack beam 4. These movable seats 5 can be fixed at any position in the arrangement direction. This function is achieved as follows:

[0034] like Figure 1 , 4 As shown, the movable seat 5 adjusts its spacing by means of teeth arranged along its length on the side of the rack beam 4 near the guide beam 3. The output shaft 51 of the movable seat 5 is vertically downward and is fitted with a driven gear 52. The driven gear 52 rotates synchronously with the output shaft 51 and meshes with the teeth. Therefore, when the motor is turned on, the output shaft 51 of the movable seat 5 can rotate and move along the direction of the teeth, thereby adjusting the spacing. Furthermore, the spacing formed by the rack beam 4 and the guide beam 3 can act as a limiting groove, thus ensuring the movable seat... The movement trajectory of the movable seat 5 is in a straight line, and the movable seat 5 needs to be detachably connected to the subsequent longitudinal guide beam 6 to ensure that the spacing adjustment requirement of the fertilizer planter 9 is met. Therefore, the lower end of the output shaft 51 is also rotatably connected to a rotating disk 53. The rotation axis of the rotating disk 53 is the rotation axis of the output shaft 51. Therefore, after the movable seat 5 moves, the rotating disk 53 can remain stationary except for changing its position. For this reason, the rotating disk 53 is detachably connected to the longitudinal guide beam 6. After connection, it can only be used for position adjustment and will not be driven to rotate. Under normal conditions, as shown... Figure 4 As shown, one end of the longitudinal guide beam 6 is as follows Figure 5 As shown, they can be combined as follows: Figure 2 As shown.

[0035] As shown above, the lower end of the movable seat 5 is detachably connected to one end of the longitudinal guide beam 6, and the length direction of the longitudinal guide beam 6 is parallel to the forward direction of the tractor 1. Therefore, movement along the length direction of the longitudinal guide beam 6 can be regarded as movement along the forward direction of the tractor 1. Then, as... Figure 1 As shown, the ends of the multiple longitudinal guide beams 6 away from the movable seat 5 are arranged on the rear crossbeam 7, and the ends of the longitudinal guide beams 6 can move along the length direction of the rear crossbeam 7. Through the above structure, the longitudinal guide beams 6 can move in a direction perpendicular to the forward direction of the tractor 1, and both ends can be adjusted. The longitudinal guide beams 6 are connected to the rear crossbeam 7 through guide rails to facilitate adjustment. It should be noted that multiple pressure rollers 8 corresponding to the longitudinal guide beams 6 are arranged at intervals along the length direction below the rear crossbeam 7. The adjustment method of the pressure rollers 8 is that the rear crossbeam 7 has long holes along the length direction, and the pressure rollers 8 can be locked and fixed at any position of the long holes by bolts to match the position of the longitudinal guide beams 6.

[0036] Finally, the most crucial and key part of this device is the fertilizer planter 9 mounted on the longitudinal guide beam 6. This fertilizer planter 9 can move along the length of the longitudinal guide beam 6. The movement is achieved by a telescopic joint 10 between the movable base 91 and the movable seat 5 of the fertilizer planter 9. The extension direction of the telescopic joint 10 is parallel to the length of the longitudinal guide beam 6. The extension speed of the output end of the telescopic joint 10 is the same as the forward speed of the tractor 1, and the retraction speed of the output end of the telescopic joint 10 is not less than the forward speed of the tractor 1. When the telescopic joint 10 extends... When the fertilizer planter 9 can be driven to move in a direction opposite to the direction of travel of the tractor 1 and at the same speed as the tractor 1, the fertilizer planter 9 can achieve relative stillness with respect to the ground. At this time, the tractor 1 is moving and does not affect the overall sowing and fertilizing operation. During this period of relative stillness, the fertilizer planter 9 can be used for reseeding. After the reseeding is completed, in order to return to the same position as the other fertilizer planters 9, the telescopic device 10 can be controlled to retract, which can reset the tractor 1 while it is moving. This reset process will not affect the operation of the fertilizer planter 9.

[0037] It is important to note that in order to ensure the device can... Figure 2 Disassembled into such Figure 4 , 5 As shown, the output end of the telescopic device 10 is detachably connected to the movable base 91 to avoid affecting the disassembly and maintenance of the equipment.

[0038] Furthermore, after the ends of the longitudinal guide beam 9 and the movable seat 5 are disassembled, in order to prevent the longitudinal guide beam from detaching from the longitudinal guide beam 6 after disassembly, a limit block is detachably provided at the end of the longitudinal guide beam 6 near the tractor 1 for the fertilizer planter 9. The limit block is used to block the fertilizer planter 9.

[0039] Based on the above structure, further, the method for replanting is as follows: the fertilizer planter 9 includes a movable base 91 that can only move along the longitudinal guide beam 6. The movable base 91 is movably mounted on the longitudinal guide beam 6 and cannot rotate, only moving in a straight line. A box 92 is provided above the movable base 91. The box 92 includes two cavities, which are respectively used to hold the crop seeds and fertilizer to be sown. The lower surface of the cavities needs to be set as an inclined surface to facilitate material feeding. Then, a feeding block 94 is provided below the movable base 91. A movable perforated plate 95 is provided below the material block 94, and the movable perforated plate 95 can move. After moving, it can achieve staggered holes. When the holes are aligned, seeds and fertilizers can be transported. When they are misaligned, seeds and fertilizers can fall. The moving direction of the movable perforated plate 95 is parallel to the length direction of the longitudinal guide beam 6. A sowing plow 96 is provided below the movable perforated plate 95. When the holes of the movable perforated plate 95 are aligned with the sowing plow 96, sowing or fertilization can be carried out. However, the holes of the above three parts cannot be aligned at the same time to avoid continuous falling of seeds or fertilizers.

[0040] like Figure 6-8 As shown, the feeding block 94 has openings at both ends of the spreading plow 96 in the direction of movement. These openings are connected to the seed outlet and fertilizer outlet below the housing 92 via guide tubes 93, allowing for the addition of seeds and fertilizer respectively. Correspondingly, the movable perforated plate 95 has fertilizer holes 951 and granule holes 952 at corresponding positions on the feeding block 94. The distance between the fertilizer hole 951 and the granule hole 952 is greater than the diameter of the opening above the spreading plow 96, ensuring that both holes can be simultaneously misaligned with the spreading plow 96. Multiple granule holes 952 are arranged along a direction away from the opening of the spreading plow 96. During use, the granule hole 952 closest to the spreading plow 96 is aligned with it first for seed addition. If a granule hole 952 is empty, the plow can continue moving until subsequent granule holes 952 can sow seeds from the spreading plow 96. In this system, when the particle hole 952 near the broadcasting plow 96 is aligned with the broadcasting plow 96, the second particle hole 952 can be aligned with the seed outlet. Therefore, the second particle hole 952 can be aligned with the seed outlet multiple times, so there is only a small chance of it being empty. In the above structure, any particle hole 952 can be moved above the opening of the broadcasting plow 96, and the fertilizer hole 951 can also be moved above the opening of the broadcasting plow 96. After sowing is completed, the movable orifice plate 95 can be moved in the opposite direction until the fertilizer hole 951 is aligned with the broadcasting plow 96. Because the fertilizer particles are small, there is basically no situation where the fertilizer cannot fall into the fertilizer hole 951. The above particle hole 952 needs to be set to sow one seed at a time, which is why the above problem is prone to occur. Moreover, by simply moving the movable orifice plate 95 back and forth continuously, sowing and fertilization can be alternated.

[0041] Furthermore, in the above structure, the seeding detection is achieved by installing a detector 97 on one side of the broadcasting plow 96. The detector 97 can detect whether any material passes through the channel of the broadcasting plow 96. The detector 97 can be a laser detector. When its reading changes, it proves that material has passed through; if the reading remains unchanged, it proves that no material has passed through.

[0042] The above structure enables intercropping, unlike existing sowing equipment. Although the drive mechanism of this device, namely the tractor 1, moves continuously, the independent movement and adjustment of different fertilizer planters 9 relative to the longitudinal guide beam 6 allows for the adjustment of the planting spacing according to the specific crop. In addition, to avoid missing seedlings, seeds can be supplemented through the continuous staggered holes of the movable perforated plate 95. This process does not require the tractor 1 to be stopped and does not affect the overall operation.

[0043] In addition to the above structure, to prevent fertilizer from entering the granulator holes 952 and causing seedling gaps, the distance between the two farthest granulator holes 952 on the same movable orifice plate 95 is less than the distance between the fertilizer hole 951 and the adjacent granulator hole 952. To avoid problems with alternating sowing of fertilizer and seeds, it is necessary to avoid aligning the granulator holes 952 with the fertilizer inlet. First, the capacity of the granulator holes 952 is not the same as that of the fertilizer hole 951, so the amount added will vary. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid them intersecting. If multiple granulator holes 952 cannot be sown, simply continue to extend the telescopic device 10, then move the movable orifice plate 95 in the forward direction of the tractor 1, realign the granulator holes 952, and then sow again.

[0044] Furthermore, in the above structure, to accommodate different crops, the sum of the heights of the feeding block 94 and the movable orifice plate 95 of the same fertilizer planter 9 is the same, and both the feeding block 94 and the movable orifice plate 95 are provided with multiple thickness specifications. The apertures of the fertilizer holes 951 and granule holes 952 of the movable orifice plate 95 are adjustable, and the vertical projections of the fertilizer holes 951 and granule holes 952 are all smaller than the corresponding feeding opening of the feeding block 94. For different seed specifications, the movable orifice plate 95 needs to be set to a fixed height that conforms to the seed specifications. Therefore, to ensure that the above structure does not have problems, the feeding block 94 needs to be adjusted synchronously, and its thickness is limited by the thickness of the movable orifice plate 95.

[0045] Finally, to ensure accurate addition of fertilizer and seeds, when the fertilizer hole 951 is aligned with the fertilizer outlet, the granule hole 952 adjacent to the fertilizer hole 951 is aligned with the seed outlet.

Claims

1. An adaptive fertilizing and seeding integrated machine, comprising a tractor (1), characterized in that, The tractor (1) is provided with a movable connecting arm (2) at its tail end. The movable connecting arm (2) is rotatably connected to a guide beam (3). The length direction of the guide beam (3) is perpendicular to the forward direction of the tractor (1). A rack beam (4) is connected to the side of the guide beam (3) away from the tractor (1). Multiple movable seats (5) are provided at intervals along the length direction between the guide beam (3) and the rack beam (4). The movable seats (5) can be fixed at any position in the arrangement direction. The lower end of the movable seat (5) is detachably connected to one end of the longitudinal guide beam (6), and the length direction of the longitudinal guide beam (6) is parallel to the forward direction of the tractor (1). The ends of the longitudinal guide beams (6) away from the movable seat (5) are arranged on the rear crossbeam (7), and the ends of the longitudinal guide beams (6) can move along the length direction of the rear crossbeam (7). The lower part of the rear crossbeam (7) is provided with a plurality of pressure rollers (8) corresponding to the longitudinal guide beams (6) at intervals along the length direction. A fertilizer planter (9) is provided on the longitudinal guide beam (6), and the fertilizer planter (9) can move along the length direction of the longitudinal guide beam (6). The fertilizer planter (9) includes a movable base (91) that can only move along the longitudinal guide beam (6). A box (92) is provided above the movable base (91), and a feeding block (94) is provided below the movable base (91). A movable perforated plate (95) is provided below the feeding block (94), and the movable perforated plate (95) can move in a direction parallel to the length direction of the longitudinal guide beam (6). A broadcasting plow (96) is provided below the movable perforated plate (95). The feeding block (94) has openings at both ends of the spreading plow (96) in the direction of movement. The openings are connected to the seed outlet and fertilizer outlet below the box (92) through the guide tube (93). The movable perforated plate (95) has fertilizer holes (951) and granule holes (952) at the corresponding positions of the feeding block (94). The distance between the fertilizer holes (951) and granule holes (952) is greater than the diameter of the opening above the spreading plow (96). Multiple granule holes (952) are arranged in the direction away from the opening of the spreading plow (96). Any granule hole (952) can be moved to the top of the opening of the spreading plow (96). Similarly, the fertilizer hole (951) can also be moved to the top of the opening of the spreading plow (96).

2. The adaptive fertilization and seeding integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rack beam (4) has teeth arranged along its length on the side near the guide beam (3). The output shaft (51) of the movable seat (5) is fitted with a driven gear (52), and the driven gear (52) meshes with the teeth. The lower end of the output shaft (51) is also rotatably connected to a rotating disk (53), and the rotating disk (53) is detachably connected to the longitudinal guide beam (6).

3. The adaptive fertilization and seeding integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, A detector (97) is provided on one side of the spreading plow (96), and the detector (97) can detect whether there is any material passing through the channel of the spreading plow (96).

4. The adaptive fertilization and seeding integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, On the same movable perforated plate (95), the distance between the two farthest particle holes (952) is less than the distance between the fertilizer hole (951) and the adjacent particle hole (952).

5. The adaptive fertilization and seeding integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sum of the heights of the feeding block (94) and the movable orifice plate (95) of the same fertilizer planter (9) is the same, and the feeding block (94) and the movable orifice plate (95) are provided with multiple thickness specifications. The apertures of the fertilizer hole (951) and the particle hole (952) of the movable orifice plate (95) can be adjusted, and the projections of the fertilizer hole (951) and the particle hole (952) in the vertical direction are all smaller than the feeding port of the corresponding feeding block (94).

6. The adaptive fertilization and seeding integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, A telescoping device (10) is provided between the movable base (91) and the movable seat (5), and the extension direction of the telescoping device (10) is parallel to the length direction of the longitudinal guide beam (6). The extension speed of the output end of the telescoping device (10) is the same as the forward speed of the tractor (1), and the retraction speed of the output end of the telescoping device (10) is not less than the forward speed of the tractor (1).

7. An adaptive fertilization and seeding integrated machine according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The movable connecting arm (2) can rotate in a vertical plane, and the horizontal plane where the lowest point of the spreading plow (96) is located can be higher than the horizontal plane where the lowest point of the pressure roller (8) is located.

8. The adaptive fertilization and seeding integrated machine according to claim 6, characterized in that, The output end of the telescopic device (10) is detachably connected to the movable base (91).

9. The adaptive fertilization and seeding integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The longitudinal guide beam (6) has a detachable limit block at one end of the fertilizer planter (9) near the tractor (1).

10. The adaptive fertilization and seeding integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the fertilizer hole (951) is aligned with the fertilizer outlet, the particle hole (952) adjacent to the fertilizer hole (951) is aligned with the seed outlet.

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