Combined inverted arch, high performance open TBM and tunneling method

Abstract

The application discloses a combined inverted arch, a high-performance open TBM and a tunneling method, and relates to the technical field of TBM equipment. The combined inverted arch comprises an upper sub-block and a lower sub-block. The lower sub-block is used for supporting the inner wall of a tunnel at the front end section of the TBM together with a supporting segment to form a ring-shaped supporting structure. The application further provides a high-performance open TBM and a tunneling method. The original inverted arch is split into two blocks, i.e. the upper sub-block and the lower sub-block. The size of the lower sub-block can meet the transportation space requirement at the bottom of the front end of the TBM. Thus, the inner wall of the tunnel at the front end section of the TBM can be supported to form a ring-shaped supporting structure, and the tunnel can be supported in time to prevent the section with poor geology from collapsing before being supported. In addition, the lower sub-block can provide a counterforce for the TBM and a base for the ring-shaped supporting structure, and the timely follow-up of the excavation face supporting technology is realized. The upper sub-block can be assembled according to the conventional assembly progress.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of TBM equipment, in particular to a combined inverted arch, high-performance open TBM and tunneling method. BACKGROUND

[0002] TBM is the abbreviation of Tunnel Boring Machine, which is the most advanced tunnel construction machinery in the world. It relies on the strong thrust and shear force of the machine to break the rock, so that the tunnel excavation, muck removal, lining, grouting, laser guidance and other processes are parallel operation to realize one-time hole forming. TBM method has small disturbance to surrounding rock, smooth and round excavation surface, and less overbreak and underbreak, which can effectively reduce the risk of geological disasters and realize continuous and rapid operation.

[0003] The main reason for the open type TBM in China is that the tunnel support structure constructed by the open type TBM is combined with primary support and secondary lining, which has low comprehensive cost and can directly monitor the deformation of surrounding rock to timely treat and control the risk. The second is double shield TBM, which is mainly applied in Shanxi water diversion project, Qingdao subway and other projects, mainly affected by the construction environment, geological conditions and comprehensive tunnel forming speed. Single shield TBM is the least used.

[0004] However, the open type TBM construction has the defect of not being able to support the excavation face in time, and if the poor geology is not supported in time, it has great risk to the safety of construction. Therefore, a new scheme is needed to solve the above problems. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a combined inverted arch, high-performance open TBM and tunneling method to solve the problems existing in the prior art and improve the safety of construction.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following scheme:

[0007] The present application provides a combined inverted arch, comprising: an upper block and a lower block; the lower block is used to support the inner wall of the tunnel with the support segment at the front end of the TBM to form an annular support structure.

[0008] Preferably, the lower block is an arc-shaped plate, and the upper block is an arc-shaped column, and the curved surface of the upper block is used to fit the inner surface of the lower block to form a complete inverted arch.

[0009] Preferably, the lower block comprises a concrete core and a steel shell, and the concrete core is made of concrete poured into the steel shell.

[0010] The application also provides a high-performance open TBM, comprising a main body and a driving system, wherein the driving system comprises a support shoe tunneling system and an auxiliary tunneling system connected with the main body; the support shoe tunneling system is configured to provide a support reaction force to the inner wall of a tunnel to drive the main body to tunnel and adjust the posture; the inner wall of a front end section of the high-performance open TBM can be supported by a lower segment and a support pipe segment to form an annular support structure, and the auxiliary tunneling system is configured to provide a support reaction force to the lower segment to drive the main body to tunnel and adjust the posture.

[0011] Preferably, the auxiliary tunneling system comprises an auxiliary pushing oil cylinder, a vertical direction adjusting support leg and a horizontal direction adjusting oil cylinder, the cylinder body of the auxiliary pushing oil cylinder is connected with the main body, and the piston of the auxiliary pushing oil cylinder is arranged towards the front end surface of the lower segment;

[0012] The bottom of the vertical direction adjusting support leg is provided with a support body, the bottom of the support body is an arc structure matched with the top surface of the lower segment, the vertical direction adjusting support leg can drive the support body to descend to abut against the top surface of the lower segment, the vertical direction adjusting support leg and the support body are arranged in relative movement along a first horizontal direction, the first horizontal direction is perpendicular to the extension direction of the tunnel, and the cylinder body and the piston of the horizontal direction adjusting oil cylinder are respectively connected with the vertical direction adjusting support leg and the support body to drive the vertical direction adjusting support leg to move the main body relative to the support body along the first horizontal direction.

[0013] Preferably, the vertical direction adjusting support leg is provided with two groups, the two groups of vertical direction adjusting support legs are arranged in sequence along the first horizontal direction, and the horizontal direction adjusting oil cylinder is also provided with two groups, one group of the horizontal direction adjusting oil cylinder is arranged on one group of the vertical direction adjusting support leg.

[0014] Preferably, the support shoe tunneling system comprises a support shoe and a posture direction adjusting oil cylinder connecting the support shoe and the main body.

[0015] Preferably, the main body comprises a steel pipe segment assembling machine arranged in the front end section, and the steel pipe segment assembling machine uses the lower segment and the support pipe segment to support the tunnel in real time at the front end section of the TBM.

[0016] The application also provides a tunneling method using the high-performance open TBM, comprising two modes as follows:

[0017] When the geology is good, mode one is adopted: the support shoe tunneling system is used to provide a support reaction force to the inner wall of a tunnel to drive the main body to tunnel and adjust the posture;

[0018] When the geological conditions are unfavorable, mode two is adopted: During the tunneling process, the tunnel wall of the front section of the TBM is supported in real time. The support is composed of steel pipe segments and the lower section of the invert arch to form a ring support structure. An auxiliary tunneling system is used to drive the main tunneling and attitude adjustment by the support reaction force provided by the lower section.

[0019] The present invention achieves the following technical effects compared to the prior art:

[0020] This invention splits the original invert arch into two parts: an upper section and a lower section. The size of the lower section meets the transportation space requirements at the bottom of the TBM front end, allowing for the formation of a ring-shaped support structure to support the tunnel wall at the front end of the TBM. This timely support prevents collapse in geologically challenging areas before support is provided. In addition, the lower section provides both the excavation reaction force for the TBM and a base for the ring-shaped support structure, enabling timely follow-up support technology at the excavation face. The upper section can be assembled according to the conventional schedule. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the lower section of the combined inverted arch provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the upper section of the combined inverted arch provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of the combined inverted arch and support segments provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 A front view of the combined invert arch and support segments provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of a high-performance open-type TBM provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the vertical and horizontal directional hydraulic cylinders;

[0028] Figure 7 for Figure 5 Side view of the vertical and horizontal directional hydraulic cylinders;

[0029] Figure 8 For Figure 5 A cross-sectional view at the auxiliary push oil cylinder;

[0030] In the figure: 1 - cutter head; 2 - shield; 3 - steel pipe segment erector; 4 - support shoe tunneling system; 5 - auxiliary tunneling system; 6 - push oil cylinder; 7 - auxiliary push oil cylinder; 8 - main drive; 9 - vertical steering oil cylinder; 10 - horizontal steering oil cylinder; 11 - vertical steering support leg; 12 - tunnel wall; 13 - support pipe segment; 14 - lower segment; 15 - upper segment; 16 - support body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the scope of the present application.

[0032] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0033] The open TBM in the prior art is usually supported at a rear position to avoid the part with small front-end transportation space when it is constructed, because the volume of the inverted arch block in the prior art is too large to meet the transportation requirement at the front end of the TBM. However, when the poor geology is excavated, collapse is prone to occur if the support is not timely, which has great risk to the construction safety. Considering this defect, the present application provides the following solutions to solve the problem.

[0034] The present application provides a combined inverted arch, as shown in the figure, comprising: an upper segment 15 and a lower segment 14; the lower segment 14 is used to support the tunnel inner wall with the support pipe segment 13 at the front end of the TBM to form a ring-shaped support structure. Figures 1-4

[0035] The present application splits the original inverted arch into two segments, i.e., the upper segment 15 and the lower segment 14. The size of the lower segment 14 can meet the transportation space requirement at the bottom of the front end of the TBM. Thus, the tunnel inner wall can be supported at the front end of the TBM to form a ring-shaped support structure. The lower segment 14 can provide excavation reaction force for the TBM and base for the ring-shaped support structure, and realizes the timely follow-up excavation face support technology, while the upper segment 15 can be assembled according to the conventional assembly progress.

[0036] ​Specifically, the size of the lower block 14 needs to be determined according to the transportation space of the matched TBM device front end section, as long as it can meet the transportation at the bottom of the TBM front end.

[0037] The inverted arch is divided into the upper block 15 and the lower block 14 in various ways, and the present application specifically adopts the following way: in some embodiments, the lower block 14 is an arc-shaped plate, and the upper block 15 is an arc-shaped column, and the curved surface of the upper block 15 is used to fit the inner surface of the lower block 14 to form a complete inverted arch.

[0038] The front end surface of the lower block 14 therein provides a support position for the auxiliary push oil cylinder 7 in the high-performance open TBM, and the inner wall provides a support position for the vertical steering support leg 11 and the horizontal steering oil cylinder 10.

[0039] In some embodiments, the lower block 14 includes a concrete inner core and a steel shell, and the concrete inner core is made of concrete poured into the steel shell.

[0040] The upper block 15 is still made of concrete.

[0041] More specifically, the steel shell is welded by a steel plate with a thickness δ = 12 mm, an outer diameter R = 4.4 m, and an inner diameter R = 4.0 m. The welded steel shell is filled with C30 plain concrete inside, and the middle part needs to reserve a hoisting hole in combination with the structure of the assembling machine, the two sides need to reserve bolt holes for the side lower support segment, and the outside top needs to leave a concrete pouring hole.

[0042] When the tunnel is supported by the above-mentioned annular support structure, because the support range covers the support shoe tunneling system 4, when tunneling, the support shoe needs to be supported on the support segment 13, which is usually made of an arc-shaped steel plate with an inner rib. When the support shoe is tightened on the inner rib, the inner rib is easily deformed. Based on this, the present application further provides a high-performance open TBM, as shown in Figures 1-8 which includes a main body and a driving system, and the driving system includes a support shoe tunneling system 4 and an auxiliary tunneling system 5 connected with the main body; the support shoe tunneling system 4 is configured to drive the main body to tunnel and adjust the attitude by providing a support reaction force to the tunnel inner wall; the tunnel inner wall of the front end section of the high-performance open TBM can be supported by the lower block 14 and the support segment 13 to form an annular support structure, and the auxiliary tunneling system 5 is configured to drive the main body to tunnel and adjust the attitude by providing a support reaction force to the lower block 14.

[0043] The high-performance open TBM in this embodiment has two tunneling modes:

[0044] When the geology is good, mode one is adopted: the support shoe tunneling system 4 is used to drive the main body to tunnel and adjust the attitude by providing a support reaction force to the tunnel inner wall;

[0045] When the geology is poor, mode two is used: during excavation, the tunnel wall 12 in front of the TBM is supported in real time, and when supporting, a ring-shaped support structure composed of steel pipe pieces and the lower sub-block 14 of the inverted arch is used, and the auxiliary excavation system 5 below the sub-block 14 is used to provide support reaction force to drive the main body to excavate and adjust the attitude.

[0046] Compared with the open TBM in the prior art, the embodiment additionally increases a mode two to cope with the excavation of the poor geological section, so as to improve the safety of construction.

[0047] The above embodiment does not limit the specific form of the auxiliary excavation system 5, that is, as long as the auxiliary excavation system 5 below the sub-block 14 provides support reaction force to drive the main body to excavate and adjust the attitude, it can be applied to the present application.

[0048] Specifically, in some embodiments, the auxiliary excavation system 5 includes an auxiliary push oil cylinder 7, a vertical direction adjusting support leg 11 and a horizontal direction adjusting oil cylinder 10, the cylinder body of the auxiliary push oil cylinder 7 is connected with the main body, and the piston of the auxiliary push oil cylinder 7 is arranged towards the front end face of the sub-block 14. As shown in Figure 5 and Figure 8 As shown in the drawings, the auxiliary push oil cylinder 7 is arranged close to the front end cutter head 1 of the main body, and specifically can be arranged on the machine head frame, and the free end thereof is arranged towards the back, that is, towards the ring-shaped support structure. The auxiliary push oil cylinder 7 is preferably provided with a plurality of auxiliary push oil cylinders 7, and the plurality of auxiliary push oil cylinders 7 are symmetrically arranged about a vertical plane, so as to provide more stable excavation force.

[0049] The bottom of the vertical direction adjusting support leg 11 is provided with a support body 16, the bottom of the support body 16 is an arc structure matched with the top surface of the sub-block 14, the vertical direction adjusting support leg 11 can drive the support body 16 to descend to abut against the top surface of the sub-block 14, the vertical direction adjusting support leg 11 and the support body 16 are relatively movably arranged along a first horizontal direction, the first horizontal direction is perpendicular to the extension direction of the tunnel, and the cylinder body and the piston of the horizontal direction adjusting oil cylinder 10 are connected with the vertical direction adjusting support leg 11 and the support body 16 respectively to drive the vertical direction adjusting support leg 11 to move the main body relative to the support body 16 along the first horizontal direction.

[0050] In the embodiment, the support body 16 at the bottom of the vertical direction adjusting support leg 11 directly contacts with the top surface of the sub-block 14, and the vertical direction adjusting support leg 11 can slide on the support body 16. When sliding is needed, the horizontal direction adjusting oil cylinder 10 is driven to extend and retract to drive the vertical direction adjusting support leg 11 to move on the support body 16, so as to realize the adjustment of the main body in the horizontal direction.

[0051] Specifically, the relative movement between the vertical orientation leg 11 and the support body 16 along the first horizontal direction can be achieved in various ways, for example, by setting a sliding guide rail, and in some optional schemes, the support body 16 can be configured to have a sliding groove extending along the horizontal direction of the tunnel, i.e., the first horizontal direction, and the bottom of the vertical orientation leg 11 is provided with a sliding rail matched with the sliding groove, and the sliding rail is slidably connected with the sliding groove.

[0052] Of course, it is not limited to the above sliding connection mode, and any horizontal sliding mode in the prior art can be used.

[0053] In some embodiments, the two ends of the horizontal orientation oil cylinder 10 are respectively hinged with the support body 16 and the vertical orientation leg 11, and the two hinge shafts are perpendicular to each other in space, the hinge shaft of the horizontal orientation oil cylinder 10 and the support body 16 extends along the first horizontal direction, and the hinge shaft of the horizontal orientation oil cylinder 10 and the support body 16 and the vertical orientation leg 11 extends along the vertical direction, in addition, the directions of the two hinge shafts can be interchanged, which can also achieve the same effect.

[0054] In some embodiments, the vertical orientation leg 11 is provided with two groups, and the two groups of vertical orientation legs 11 are sequentially arranged along the first horizontal direction, and the horizontal orientation oil cylinder 10 is also correspondingly provided with two groups, and one group of horizontal orientation oil cylinders 10 is correspondingly arranged on one group of vertical orientation legs 11.

[0055] The vertical orientation leg 11 in the application includes a telescopic leg frame and a vertical orientation oil cylinder 9 arranged in the leg frame, the leg frame is divided into at least two parts that can be slidably connected along the vertical direction, and the cylinder body and the piston of the vertical orientation oil cylinder 9 are hinged with the two parts of the leg frame and drive one part to slide vertically, thereby realizing the lifting of the vertical orientation leg 11.

[0056] The vertical orientation oil cylinder 9 and the leg frame can be hingedly connected or fixedly connected.

[0057] In some embodiments, the support shoe tunneling system 4 includes a support shoe and a posture orientation oil cylinder and a propulsion oil cylinder 6 connecting the support shoe and the main body.

[0058] The support shoe tunneling system 4 in this embodiment is the structure in the prior art, and the application does not improve it, so it will not be described here.

[0059] In some embodiments, the main body includes a steel pipe piece assembling machine 3 arranged at the front end section, which uses the lower block 14 and the support pipe piece 13 to support the tunnel in real time at the front end section of the TBM.

[0060] This embodiment realizes the support of the tunnel at the front end section of the TBM.

[0061] It can be understood that another segmental lining machine 3 is reserved in the TBM in the present application, when the geology is good, the tunnel is not supported in advance, and the traditional construction steps are directly used to support the tunnel by using the traditional integrated inverted arch block and the supporting segment 13, when the geology is poor, the tunnel is supported in advance and the tunneling scheme in mode two is used.

[0062] The present application also provides a tunneling method using the high-performance open TBM as described above, including the following two modes:

[0063] When the geology is good, mode one is used: the support shoe tunneling system 4 is used to provide support reaction force on the inner wall of the tunnel to drive the main body to tunnel and adjust the posture;

[0064] When the geology is poor, mode two is used: during tunneling, the tunnel wall 12 in the front end section of the TBM is supported in real time, and the ring-shaped support structure composed of the steel segment and the lower sub-block 14 of the inverted arch is used for support, and the lower sub-block 14 of the auxiliary tunneling system 5 is used to provide support reaction force to drive the main body to tunnel and adjust the posture.

[0065] It can be understood that in mode one, the tunnel does not need to be supported by using the combined inverted arch block in the above embodiment, and the traditional support method and timing can be used.

[0066] In mode two, the combined inverted arch block is needed to support the tunnel in advance.

[0067] The good geology in this embodiment refers to the complete and stable surrounding rock of the tunnel, etc., and the poor geology refers to the broken, rock burst, large deformation, and weak surrounding rock of the tunnel.

[0068] Description: The front end section in the present application is at least before the support shoe, and the traditional support method and timing are after the support shoe, or even far away from the support shoe, which leads to the collapse of the tunnel in poor geological conditions.

[0069] The front end section in the present application can also be called L1 area, in the TBM equipment technical field, the tunnel is usually divided into L1 area and L2 area along the direction away from the working face, the existing technology usually performs preliminary support in L1 area, and performs segment support in L2 area, and the present application advances the secondary segment support to L1 area, which greatly reduces the risk of construction in poor geological areas.

[0070] The principle and implementation mode of the present application are described by using specific examples in the present application, and the above embodiment is only used to help understand the method and core idea of the present application; meanwhile, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present application, the specific implementation mode and application range will be changed. In view of the above, the content of the specification should not be understood as a limitation of the present application.

Claims

1. A high performance open TBM characterized by: The application relates to a high-performance open TBM front end section, which comprises a main body and a driving system, wherein the driving system comprises a support shoe driving system and an auxiliary driving system which are connected with the main body; the support shoe driving system is configured to provide a support reaction force of a tunnel inner wall to drive the main body to tunnel and adjust the posture; the tunnel inner wall of the high-performance open TBM front end section can be supported by lower blocks and support segments to form a ring-shaped support structure; the auxiliary driving system is configured to provide a support reaction force of the lower blocks to drive the main body to tunnel and adjust the posture; the auxiliary driving system comprises an auxiliary pushing oil cylinder, a vertical direction adjusting support leg and a horizontal direction adjusting oil cylinder; the cylinder body of the auxiliary pushing oil cylinder is connected with the main body, and the piston of the auxiliary pushing oil cylinder is arranged towards the front end surface of the lower blocks; the bottom of the vertical direction adjusting support leg is provided with a support body, the bottom of the support body is an arc-shaped structure matched with the top surface of the lower blocks, the vertical direction adjusting support leg can drive the support body to descend to abut against the top surface of the lower blocks, the vertical direction adjusting support leg and the support body are movably arranged along a first horizontal direction relative to each other, the first horizontal direction is perpendicular to the extension direction of the tunnel, and the cylinder body and the piston of the horizontal direction adjusting oil cylinder are connected with the vertical direction adjusting support leg and the support body respectively to drive the vertical direction adjusting support leg to drive the main body to move relative to the support body along the first horizontal direction; only the lower part of the main body is provided with the auxiliary pushing oil cylinder.

2. The high performance open TBM of claim 1, wherein: The vertical direction adjusting support leg is provided with two groups, and the two groups of vertical direction adjusting support legs are sequentially arranged along the first horizontal direction; the horizontal direction adjusting oil cylinder is also provided with two groups, and one group of the horizontal direction adjusting oil cylinders is arranged on one group of the vertical direction adjusting support legs.

3. The high performance open TBM of claim 1, wherein: The support shoe driving system comprises a support shoe and a posture direction adjusting oil cylinder connecting the support shoe and the main body.

4. The high performance open TBM of claim 1, wherein: The main body comprises a steel segment assembling machine arranged on the front end section, and the steel segment assembling machine uses the lower blocks and the support segments to support the tunnel in real time at the front end section of the TBM.

5. A method for tunneling using the high performance open TBM according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The application comprises two modes: mode one is used when the geology is good, the support shoe driving system is used to provide a support reaction force of the tunnel inner wall to drive the main body to tunnel and adjust the posture; mode two is used when the geology is poor, the tunnel wall of the front end section of the TBM is supported in real time during the tunneling process, a ring-shaped support structure is formed by the lower blocks of the steel segments and the inverted arches, and the auxiliary driving system is used to provide a support reaction force of the lower blocks to drive the main body to tunnel and adjust the posture.

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