A segmented opening and closing dispersed hydrogen filling device and its temperature control method

Abstract

This application belongs to the technical field of hydrogen refueling, and specifically relates to a segmented opening and closing diffused hydrogen refueling device and its temperature control method. The diffused hydrogen refueling device includes a diffused nozzle assembly, and the diffused nozzle assembly includes a diffused nozzle and a movable pipe arranged inside the hydrogen storage tank; one end of the diffused nozzle is an open end, and the other end is a closed end. The movable pipe is sleeved inside through the open end of the diffused nozzle and can telescopically move inside it; a number of refueling small holes are arranged on the diffused nozzle; when the movable pipe moves towards the closed end of the diffused nozzle, the outer surface of the movable pipe blocks the refueling small holes on the diffused nozzle; on the contrary, when the movable pipe moves towards the open end of the diffused nozzle, the outer surface of the movable pipe opens the refueling small holes. This application avoids the large accumulation of local hydrogen, reduces the phenomenon of excessive local temperature in the hydrogen storage tank, and the segmented opening and closing design can flexibly adjust the hydrogen refueling rate, ensuring the stability and safety of the pressure and temperature in the hydrogen storage tank.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen refueling, and more particularly, relates to a segmented opening and closing diffused hydrogen refueling device and a temperature control method thereof. Background Art

[0002] To reduce global carbon emissions, hydrogen energy is considered to be the best alternative to fossil energy in the automotive field, and the most direct and common way for automobiles to utilize hydrogen energy is high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage. Rapid hydrogen refueling is a process of quickly filling hydrogen into a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. This refueling method can significantly reduce the hydrogen filling time and make it more convenient for drivers to obtain hydrogen fuel.

[0003] Currently, the methods for controlling the temperature during the rapid refueling process of hydrogen storage cylinders mainly include: pre-cooling the refueling gas, controlling the gas refueling rate, etc. However, during the rapid refueling process of high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage, due to reasons such as the buoyancy effect, compression effect, and Joule-Thomson effect of the gas cylinder, problems such as temperature rise and local overheating often occur. These problems are specifically manifested as follows: Buoyancy effect of the gas cylinder: When high-pressure gas enters the gas cylinder, the generated buoyancy effect will cause the gas distribution inside the gas cylinder to be uneven, and the temperature in local areas will rise sharply; Compression effect: During the rapid refueling process, hydrogen is rapidly compressed, and the compression heat effect causes the temperature of hydrogen to rise significantly; Joule-Thomson effect: When high-pressure hydrogen passes through a throttle valve or other components that restrict flow, the temperature of hydrogen may change due to the Joule-Thomson effect, specifically depending on the initial state of hydrogen.

[0004] During the rapid refueling process, due to the rapid temperature change, these phenomena of temperature rise and local overheating have an adverse impact on the structural integrity and safety of the hydrogen storage cylinder, increasing the risk of fatigue damage and rupture of the material. In addition, the rapid temperature change will also affect the inflatable volume in the tank, thereby reducing the driving range of the vehicle. Although the existing temperature control methods can alleviate these problems to a certain extent, there are still deficiencies. For example, the method of pre-cooling the refueling gas will increase the complexity and cost of the system, and the method of controlling the gas refueling rate is difficult to achieve precise temperature control while ensuring rapid refueling. The temperature monitoring lags behind. The existing temperature monitoring system has a slow response speed and cannot monitor and adjust the temperature change during the hydrogen refueling process in real time, resulting in untimely temperature control and affecting the refueling efficiency and safety.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a hydrogen refueling device and a temperature control method that can more efficiently and reliably solve the above problems to ensure the safety, stability, and efficiency of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles during the rapid refueling process. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a segmented opening and closing diffused hydrogen filling device and its temperature control method, which solves the technical problems of temperature rise and excessive local temperature during the rapid filling process of high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage.

[0007] On the one hand, the present invention provides a segmented opening and closing diffused hydrogen filling device, and the diffused hydrogen filling device is arranged on one side of a hydrogen storage tank; the diffused hydrogen filling device includes a diffused spray head assembly, and the diffused spray head assembly includes a diffused spray head and a movable pipe arranged inside the hydrogen storage tank;

[0008] One end of the diffused spray head is an open end, and the other end is a closed end. The movable pipe is sleeved inside the diffused spray head through the open end of the diffused spray head and can telescopically move inside it; a number of filling holes are arranged on the diffused spray head;

[0009] When the movable pipe moves towards the closed end of the diffused spray head, the outer surface of the movable pipe blocks the filling holes on the diffused spray head; on the contrary, when the movable pipe moves towards the open end of the diffused spray head, the outer surface of the movable pipe opens the filling holes;

[0010] The filling rate of the diffused hydrogen filling device is determined by the following formula:

[0011]

[0012] In the formula: represents the maximum filling rate of the diffused hydrogen filling device; P represents the pressure inside the diffused spray head assembly; R g represents the gas constant; T represents the hydrogen temperature inside the diffused spray head assembly; α represents the conversion coefficient; represents the total area of the filling holes; φ represents the porosity of the diffused spray head assembly; d t represents the inner wall diameter of the diffused spray head; ΔP represents the pressure difference between the gas inside the diffused spray head assembly and the gas inside the tank; k z represents 10 2 order constant; μ represents the dynamic viscosity inside the diffused spray head assembly; X represents the wall thickness of the diffused spray head assembly;

[0013] The filling rate of the diffused hydrogen filling device satisfies:

[0014]

[0015] In the formula: represents the maximum filling rate of the diffused hydrogen filling device; represents the maximum filling rate of the direct injection filling device; m τ represents the total mass of hydrogen after filling; m0 represents the mass before filling; t represents the filling time; Pfinal represents the hydrogen filling pressure after the hydrogen refilling is completed; V represents the volume of the hydrogen storage tank; T final represents the temperature inside the tank after the hydrogen filling is completed.

[0016] Furthermore, the design parameters and operating parameters of the diffused hydrogen filling device should satisfy the following formula:

[0017]

[0018] In the formula: d k represents the diameter of the filling orifice; N represents the number of all filling orifices; φ represents the porosity of the diffused nozzle assembly; d t represents the inner diameter of the diffused nozzle; X represents the wall thickness of the diffused nozzle assembly; T represents the hydrogen temperature inside the diffused nozzle assembly; α represents the conversion coefficient; P represents the internal pressure of the diffused nozzle; R g represents the gas constant; k z represents the constant of order 10 2 order; μ represents the dynamic viscosity inside the diffused nozzle assembly; ΔP represents the pressure difference between the gas inside the diffused nozzle assembly and the gas inside the tank.

[0019] Furthermore, the movable pipe is provided with multiple displacement amounts according to the total length of the diffused nozzle, and each displacement amount corresponds to the filling orifices at different positions on the diffused nozzle. The movable pipe moves section by section according to each displacement amount.

[0020] Furthermore, it further includes an actuator and a housing. The actuator includes a motor and a rack; a sleeve structure is provided on one side of the housing, the motor is arranged inside the sleeve structure, the rack is arranged on the outer surface of the movable pipe along the length direction of the movable pipe, and a gear meshed with the rack is provided on the output shaft of the motor.

[0021] Furthermore, it further includes a temperature sensor; the front end face of the sleeve structure is tightly connected to one end face of the hydrogen storage tank, and the temperature sensor and the diffused nozzle connecting pipe are provided on the front end face. The front end of the diffused nozzle connecting pipe is connected to the diffused nozzle. The diffused nozzle connecting pipe and the inside of the diffused nozzle are in internal communication and are arranged in a fixed posture together with the temperature sensor inside the hydrogen storage tank. The front end of the movable pipe is sleeved inside the diffused nozzle connecting pipe and the inside of the diffused nozzle in sequence; the outer surface of the movable pipe is tightly attached to the inner walls of the diffused nozzle connecting pipe and the diffused nozzle.

[0022] Furthermore, it further includes an intake pipeline. The intake pipeline includes an input pipe and a main output pipe; the input pipe is connected to an external hydrogen source, and the main output pipe is sleeved inside the end of the movable pipe, and the outer wall thereof is tightly attached to the inner wall of the movable pipe.

[0023] On the other hand, the present invention provides a temperature control method for a segmented opening and closing diffused hydrogen filling device as described in any one of the above, and the method includes:

[0024] Step 1: When hydrogen is not being filled, the actuator controls the movable tube to move to the inner side of the front end of the diffused nozzle and abut against it, completely blocking the filling holes.

[0025] Step 2: Start hydrogen filling, and the actuator controls the movable tube to move towards the rear end of the diffused nozzle in segments according to a preset displacement amount.

[0026] Step 3: The temperature sensor continuously collects the internal temperature of the hydrogen storage tank and sends the temperature data to the signal receiving and transmitting device in real time, and the signal receiving and transmitting device sends the temperature data to the control system.

[0027] Step 4: The control system calculates the temperature and time change rate based on the temperature data. If the temperature and time change rate is lower than the set threshold, the control system sends a displacement command to open the filling holes to the actuator. If the temperature and time change rate is higher than the set threshold, the control system sends a displacement command to close the filling holes to the actuator.

[0028] Step 5: The actuator moves according to the displacement command of the control system. When receiving the displacement command to open the filling holes, the actuator controls the movable tube to continue moving towards the rear end of the diffused nozzle in segments according to the preset displacement amount. When receiving the displacement command to close the filling holes, the actuator controls the movable tube to move towards the front end of the diffused nozzle in segments according to the preset displacement amount.

[0029] Step 6: Repeat steps 3 - 5 until the hydrogen filling is completed.

[0030] Further, the temperature and time change rate in step 4 is determined by the following formula:

[0031]

[0032] In the formula: k represents the temperature and time change rate; t j is the jth test time, t i is the ith test time, T j is the temperature at time t j and T i is the temperature at time t i time.

[0033] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0034] First, the segmented opening and closing diffused hydrogen filling device of the present invention can precisely control the amount of hydrogen entering the hydrogen storage tank through the filling holes by the movement of the movable pipe inside the diffused nozzle. The segmented opening and closing design can flexibly adjust the hydrogen filling rate according to actual needs. It can quickly fill hydrogen in the initial stage and slow down the filling rate when approaching full tank, preventing potential safety hazards caused by overfilling and ensuring the stability and safety of the pressure and temperature inside the hydrogen storage tank.

[0035] Second, the filling holes of the segmented opening and closing diffused hydrogen filling device of the present invention are segmented and arranged on the side wall of the diffused nozzle. The front end face of the diffused nozzle is a closed surface. Therefore, the gas entering the diffused nozzle will not directly enter the hydrogen storage. Instead, based on the pressure difference between the inside of the diffused nozzle and the internal pressure of the hydrogen storage tank, the gas is inhaled into the tank. Buffering is achieved through the diffused nozzle, and hydrogen enters the hydrogen storage tank in a diffused form, avoiding the large accumulation of local hydrogen and reducing the phenomenon of excessive local temperature in the hydrogen storage tank. The temperature is dispersed to various areas inside the tank, reducing the maximum temperature inside the hydrogen storage tank.

[0036] Third, when the hydrogen storage tank is in the unfilled state, the segmented opening and closing diffused hydrogen filling device of the present invention can prevent the diffused nozzle from sucking back the hydrogen inside the hydrogen storage tank through the filling holes during the hydrogen supply of the fuel cell by completely blocking the filling holes on the diffused nozzle, enhancing the safety and operation stability of the filling device. By monitoring the temperature of the hydrogen storage tank, the position of the movable pipe is dynamically controlled, and then the number of opened or closed filling holes is controlled to achieve precise regulation of the temperature of the hydrogen storage tank and ensure that the hydrogen storage tank operates within the optimal temperature range. When the movable pipe completely blocks the filling holes on the diffused nozzle, the pressure inside the hydrogen storage tank will remain stable and will not cause excessive pressure due to continuous injection of hydrogen, avoiding potential safety hazards.

[0037] Fourth, aiming at the problem of rapid temperature change existing in the prior art during the rapid hydrogen filling process, the control method of the present invention effectively regulates the speed and distribution of hydrogen entering the gas cylinder by controlling the displacement of the movable pipe and the opening and closing of the filling holes, reducing the buoyancy effect inside the gas cylinder and avoiding the problem of rapid temperature rise in local areas. It not only improves the uniformity of the gas inside the gas cylinder but also reduces the impact of excessive local temperature on the structural integrity and safety of the gas cylinder, reducing the risk of fatigue damage and rupture of the material.

[0038] Fifth, during the rapid filling process, the control method of the present invention can quickly make a response according to the temperature and the rate of change of time by real-time monitoring the temperature through a temperature sensor and adjusting the opening degree of the filling holes. The real-time monitoring and adjustment mechanism significantly improves the response speed and temperature control accuracy of temperature monitoring, ensures the timeliness and accuracy of temperature control during the filling process, and can also effectively control the compression heat effect of hydrogen, avoiding a significant increase in hydrogen temperature.

[0039] Sixth, compared with the traditional method of pre-cooling and refueling gas, the control method of the present invention achieves a temperature control effect through the precise displacement control of the control system and the movable pipe, avoiding the increase in system complexity and cost, and improving the reliability and economy of the system. Description of the Drawings

[0040] Figure 1 is a structural cross-sectional view of the assembled state of the segmented opening and closing diffused hydrogen refueling device and the hydrogen storage tank in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of segmented refueling of the diffused nozzle assembly in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 is the three-dimensional structure of the segmented opening and closing diffused hydrogen refueling device in an embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0043] Figure 4 is the three-dimensional structure of the segmented opening and closing diffused hydrogen refueling device in an embodiment of the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0044] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the diffused nozzle assembly in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 6 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the assembled state of the motor in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 7 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the diffused nozzle assembly and the actuator in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 8 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the diffused nozzle in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 9 is a control flow chart of the segmented opening and closing diffused hydrogen refueling device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] Among them, 1 - diffused hydrogen refueling device; 10 - diffused nozzle assembly; 1000 - refueling small holes; 100 - diffused nozzle; 101 - movable pipe; 11 - temperature sensor; 12 - signal receiving and transmitting device; 13 - thermal relief valve; 14 - thermal relief port joint; 15 - air inlet and outlet joint; 16 - solenoid valve; 17 - manual maintenance valve; 18 - intake pipe; 19 - actuator; 190 - motor; 191 - rack; 2 - hydrogen storage tank. Detailed Embodiment

[0050] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present application, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments.

[0051] The orientation terms such as up, down, left, right, front and back in this application document are established based on the positional relationship shown in the drawings. If the drawings are different, the corresponding positional relationship may also change accordingly. Therefore, it should not be understood as a limitation of the protection scope.

[0052] In this application, terms such as "installation", "connection", "engagement", "connection", "fixation", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, an integral connection, a mechanical connection, an electrical connection or a connection that can communicate with each other, a direct connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, a connection inside two components, or an interaction relationship between two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0053] As described in the Figure 1-2 specification appendix, the present invention describes a segmented opening and closing diffused hydrogen filling device. The diffused hydrogen filling device 1 is arranged on one side of the hydrogen storage tank 2. Specifically, the diffused spray head assembly 10 includes a diffused spray head 100 arranged inside the hydrogen storage tank 2 and a movable pipe 101. One end of the diffused spray head 100 is an open end, and the other end is a closed end. The movable pipe 101 is sleeved inside the diffused spray head 100 through the open end of the diffused spray head 100 and can telescopically move inside it; a number of filling holes are provided on the diffused spray head 100.

[0054] When the movable pipe 101 gradually moves towards the closed end of the diffused spray head 100, the outer surface of the movable pipe 101 gradually blocks the filling holes on the diffused spray head 100; on the contrary, when the movable pipe 101 moves towards the open end of the diffused spray head 100, the outer surface of the movable pipe 101 gradually exposes the filling holes, thereby controlling the hydrogen filling amount.

[0055] When the movable pipe 101 continues to move towards the closed end of the diffused spray head 100 to the limit position, the outer surface of the movable pipe 101 completely blocks all the filling holes on the diffused spray head 100. At this time, the diffused spray head 100 is in a completely closed state, and hydrogen cannot enter the hydrogen storage tank 2 through the filling holes. Through this design, precise control of the hydrogen filling amount can be achieved. When the hydrogen storage tank is not in the filling state, by completely blocking the filling holes, it is possible to prevent the diffused spray head from sucking back the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank through the filling holes during fuel cell hydrogen supply, improving the safety and operation stability of the filling device.

[0056] When the movable pipe 101 completely blocks the filling holes on the diffused nozzle 100, the pressure in the hydrogen storage tank 2 will remain stable and will not be too high due to continuous hydrogen injection. In addition, this segmented opening and closing design can flexibly adjust the hydrogen filling rate according to actual needs. It can fill quickly in the initial stage and slow down the filling rate when approaching full tank to prevent safety hazards caused by overfilling.

[0057] Both the diffused nozzle 100 and the movable pipe 101 are tubular structures. The movable pipe 101 has multiple displacement amounts set according to the total length of the diffused nozzle 100, and each displacement amount corresponds to filling holes at different positions on the diffused nozzle 100. As shown in the attached Figure 2 specification, the movable pipe 101 has 3 displacement amounts set according to the total length of the diffused nozzle 100, which are Figure 2 ①②③ in. By controlling the movement of the movable pipe 101 in the diffused nozzle 100 in a segmented manner, not only can the filling holes be opened or closed, but also the number of filling holes opened and closed can be controlled in a segmented manner, thereby adjusting the speed and amount of hydrogen filled into the hydrogen storage tank 2.

[0058] Specifically, by monitoring the temperature of the hydrogen storage tank 2, the position of the movable pipe 101 can be dynamically controlled, and then the number of filling holes opened or closed can be controlled to precisely adjust the temperature of the hydrogen storage tank 2. This setting not only improves the filling efficiency, but also ensures the stability and safety of the pressure and temperature in the hydrogen storage tank 2. By controlling the displacement amount, the amount of hydrogen filled can be precisely adjusted according to temperature changes to ensure that the hydrogen storage tank operates within the optimal temperature range.

[0059] The filling rate of the segmented opening and closing diffused hydrogen filling device of the present invention is determined by the following formula:

[0060]

[0061] In the formula: ρ represents the hydrogen density; Ak represents the total area of the filling holes; U represents the rate of hydrogen entering the hydrogen storage tank.

[0062] Specifically, in formula (1):

[0063]

[0064] Ak = φ × A total (3)

[0065]

[0066] In the formula: P represents the pressure in the diffused nozzle assembly, and its value is the set value of the hydrogen filling station; R gR represents the gas constant, with a value of 4124.3 J / (kg·K); T represents the hydrogen temperature inside the dispersion nozzle assembly, with a value set at the hydrogen refueling station; α represents the conversion coefficient, with a value of 1.9155×10-6; φ represents the porosity of the dispersion nozzle assembly; A total represents the area of the perforated part of the dispersion nozzle assembly; K represents the permeability; ΔP represents the pressure difference between the gas inside the dispersion nozzle assembly and the gas in the tank; μ represents the dynamic viscosity inside the dispersion nozzle assembly; X represents the wall thickness of the dispersion nozzle assembly.

[0067] Furthermore, in formula (3):

[0068]

[0069] Furthermore, in formula (4):

[0070]

[0071] ΔP = P - P’ (7)

[0072] μ = 2.705×10 -6 +2.072×10 -8 ×T + 6.792×10 -14 ×P - 1.392×

[0073] 10 -16 ×T×P + 9.433×10 -23 ×P 2 (8)

[0074] In formulas (5)-(8): A k represents the total area of the filling small holes; N represents the number of all filling small holes; d k represents the diameter of the filling small holes; d t represents the inner wall diameter of the dispersion nozzle, l represents the length of the perforated part of the dispersion nozzle, k z represents a constant of the 102nd order (between 90 and 160); ΔP represents the pressure difference between the internal pressure of the dispersion nozzle and the pressure in the hydrogen storage tank during filling; P represents the internal pressure of the dispersion nozzle; P’ represents the hydrogen pressure in the hydrogen storage tank.

[0075] Preferably, the aperture diameter d of the filling small holes k ≤100 μm to ensure the dispersion filling effect.

[0076] Furthermore, substituting formulas (2)-(8) into formula (1) gives the expression:

[0077]

[0078] Furthermore, in order to ensure that the filling rate of the diffusion-type hydrogen filling device of the present invention is higher than that of the direct injection nozzle, that is, the mass flow rate is greater than the mass flow rate of the direct injection filling nozzle, the following formula should be satisfied:

[0079]

[0080] In the formula: represents the maximum filling rate of the diffusion-type hydrogen filling device of the present invention; represents the maximum filling rate of the direct injection filling device.

[0081] It should be noted that the structure of the direct injection filling device is provided with a nozzle at one end where the filling head extends into the hydrogen storage tank. For example, Patent CN 116658816 A discloses a combined bottle mouth valve for a vehicle high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle. The intake injection pipe (i.e., the direct injection filling head), the outlet pipe and the temperature sensor are arranged in the valve body pipeline together. Hydrogen enters the intake injection pipe through the intake pipeline and finally enters the hydrogen bottle through the side nozzle of the intake injection pipe.

[0082] Furthermore, in formula (10):

[0083]

[0084] From formulas (11) and (12), it can be obtained that:

[0085]

[0086] In the formula: m τ represents the total mass of hydrogen after filling; m0 represents the mass before filling; t represents the filling time; P final represents the filling hydrogen pressure after hydrogen refilling; V represents the volume of the hydrogen storage tank; T final represents the temperature inside the tank after hydrogen filling.

[0087] Furthermore, in order to ensure hydrogen filling safety, during design, m0 in formula (13) is taken as 0, T final is taken as the ambient temperature T, and P final is taken as the target filling pressure P, and it can be obtained that:

[0088]

[0089] Combining formulas (9), (10), and (14), the design parameters and operating parameters of the diffusion-type hydrogen filling device should satisfy the following formula:

[0090]

[0091] The design parameters include: the diameter d of the filling small hole k, the number of all injection holes N, the porosity φ of the dispersed nozzle assembly, the inner diameter d of the inner wall of the dispersed nozzle t , the wall thickness X of the dispersed nozzle assembly.

[0092] The operating parameters include: the hydrogen temperature T inside the dispersed nozzle assembly, the internal pressure P of the dispersed nozzle, the dynamic viscosity μ inside the dispersed nozzle assembly, and the pressure difference ΔP between the gas inside the dispersed nozzle assembly and the gas in the tank.

[0093] In this application, as shown in the specification appendix Figure 2-5 , the segmented-opening and -closing dispersed hydrogen injection device further includes a temperature sensor 11, a signal receiving and transmitting device 12, a thermal relief valve 13, a thermal relief port connector 14, an air inlet and outlet connector 15, a solenoid valve 16, a manual maintenance valve 17, an intake pipe 18, an actuator 19, and a housing. The signal receiving and transmitting device 12, the thermal relief valve 13, the thermal relief port connector 14, the air inlet and outlet connector 15, the solenoid valve 16, the manual maintenance valve 17, and the intake pipe 18 are installed at corresponding positions on the housing. The intake pipe 18 is a multi-branch structure, including an input pipe, a main output pipe, and other branch pipelines. The input pipe of the intake pipe 18 is connected to the air inlet and outlet connector 15 for hydrogen input, and the air inlet and outlet connector 15 is connected to an external hydrogen source. The main output pipe of the intake pipe 18 is sleeved inside the end of the movable pipe 101, and its outer wall is in close contact with the inner wall of the movable pipe 101 for inputting hydrogen into the dispersed nozzle assembly 10. The other branch pipelines of the intake pipe 18 are respectively connected to the thermal relief port connector 14, the solenoid valve 16, and the manual maintenance valve 17. The thermal relief port connector 14 is connected to the thermal relief valve 13 to release excess pressure through the thermal relief valve 13 when the temperature is too high, ensuring the safe discharge of hydrogen during pressure relief and preventing explosion. The solenoid valve 16 is used to control the hydrogen flow rate. The manual maintenance valve 17 is used for manual operation when maintenance is required to control the flow of hydrogen.

[0094] A sleeve structure is provided on one side of the housing. The actuator 19 is arranged inside the sleeve structure and connected to the movable pipe 101. The actuator 19 drives the movable pipe 101 to move in a set direction. Since the main output pipe of the intake pipe 18 is in close contact with the movable pipe 101, during the movement of the movable pipe 101, it has dry friction contact with the outer surface of the main output pipe of the intake pipe 18. This structural setting can prevent hydrogen from leaking or being contaminated during the process of being transported from the intake pipe 18 to the movable pipe 101, and at the same time ensure the purity of hydrogen.

[0095] The front end face of the sleeve structure is tightly connected to one end face of the hydrogen storage tank 2, and a temperature sensor 11 and a diffused spray nozzle connection pipe are arranged on the front end face. The front end of the diffused spray nozzle connection pipe is connected to the diffused spray nozzle 100, preferably by means of a threaded connection. The diffused spray nozzle connection pipe and the diffused spray nozzle 100 are internally connected, and are arranged in a fixed posture together with the temperature sensor 11 inside the hydrogen storage tank 2. The front end of the movable pipe 101 is sequentially sleeved inside the diffused spray nozzle connection pipe and the diffused spray nozzle 100. Preferably, the outer surface of the movable pipe 101 is in close fit with the inner walls of the diffused spray nozzle connection pipe and the diffused spray nozzle 100, and dry friction contact is adopted to ensure that pure hydrogen is input into the diffused spray nozzle 100 during the movement of the movable pipe 101.

[0096] The temperature sensor 11 and the actuator 19 are connected to the signal receiving and transmitting device 12 through signal lines, and the signal receiving and transmitting device 12 is connected to the control system through a signal line. The signal receiving and transmitting device 12 is used to send the internal temperature of the hydrogen storage tank collected by the temperature sensor 11 to the control system, and send the signal received from the control system to the actuator 19. The actuator 19 controls the telescopic movement of the movable pipe 101 inside the diffused spray nozzle connection pipe and the diffused spray nozzle 100 according to the segmented displacement amount based on the signal of the signal receiving and transmitting device 12, so as to control the number of the filling small holes of the diffused spray nozzle 100 that are opened and closed (i.e., the effective hydrogen filling area); the control system controls the solenoid valve 16 based on the temperature data signal of the signal receiving and transmitting device 12, and further controls the hydrogen flow rate of the main output pipe entering the intake pipe 18. By controlling the hydrogen flow rate and the effective hydrogen filling area, the filling rate of the diffused hydrogen filling device is further controlled.

[0097] In a preferred implementation manner, the actuator 19 includes a motor 190 and a rack 191.

[0098] As shown in the attached Figure 6-7 of the specification, the motor 190 is arranged inside the housing of the diffused hydrogen filling device with a sleeve structure, the rack 191 is arranged on the outer surface of the movable pipe 101 along the pipe length direction of the movable pipe 101, and a gear meshed with the rack 191 is arranged on the output shaft of the motor 190.

[0099] In a preferred implementation manner, the diffused spray nozzle 100 adopts a tubular structure, and the filling small holes on the diffused spray nozzle 100 are opened by an etching process. As shown in the attached Figure 8 of the specification, there are multiple filling small holes 1000, and they are arrayed and opened on the side wall surface of the diffused spray nozzle 100.

[0100] Those skilled in the art should understand that the filling small holes of this application are not limited to opening holes in pipelines, and can also be realized by using porous medium materials, etc.; the method of blocking the filling small holes is not limited to the telescopic block of the movable pipe, and can also adopt methods such as rotating the pipeline to control the opening and closing by blocking the small holes; the telescopic method of the movable pipe is not limited to realizing the telescopic movement by driving the teeth on the movable pipe to rotate with the motor gear, and can also adopt a linkage mechanism to realize the telescopic movement; the number of segments of the segmented displacement of the movable pipe is not limited to three segments, and can be divided into 4 segments, 5 segments, etc. according to the design requirements, and can be equal segments, or can be segmented according to the increasing or decreasing displacement, or can also be segmented according to the alternately long and short displacement.

[0101] The working principle of the segmented opening and closing diffused hydrogen filling device of the present invention:

[0102] Hydrogen enters the movable pipe 101 through the air inlet and outlet joint 15 and the intake pipeline 18, and then enters the diffused spray head 100 through the movable pipe 101. Since the front end face of the diffused spray head 100 is closed, the entering hydrogen cannot directly enter the hydrogen storage tank 2, and gradually accumulates at the front end of the diffused spray head 100, resulting in a pressure difference between its internal pressure and the pressure in the hydrogen storage tank 2, generating potential energy, thereby "sucking" the hydrogen into the hydrogen storage tank 2 through the filling small hole 1000.

[0103] Adopting this structure of the present invention, since hydrogen cannot directly enter the hydrogen storage tank, it will not generate a strong jet flow inside the hydrogen storage tank, reducing the heat generated by the conversion of kinetic energy into internal energy, reducing the temperature rise phenomenon, and the diffused spray head plays a buffering role. At the same time, due to the absence of jet flow, the filling small holes are opened in multiple directions of the diffused spray head, so that hydrogen enters the hydrogen storage tank in a diffused form, and the hydrogen is evenly distributed in the tank, avoiding the large accumulation of local hydrogen, reducing the phenomenon of excessive local temperature in the hydrogen storage tank, dispersing the temperature to each area in the tank, and reducing the maximum temperature in the hydrogen storage tank.

[0104] As shown in the specification appendix Figure 2 、 Figure 9 Combined with the above-mentioned segmented opening and closing diffused hydrogen filling device, the present invention also provides a control method for the segmented opening and closing diffused hydrogen filling device, including:

[0105] Step 1: When hydrogen is not filled, the actuator 19 controls the movable pipe 101 to move to the inner side of the front end of the diffused spray head 100 to abut, and the filling small hole is completely blocked.

[0106] Step 2: Start hydrogen filling, and the actuator 19 controls the movable pipe 101 to move towards the rear end of the diffused spray head 100 in segments according to the preset displacement.

[0107] Step 3: The temperature sensor 11 collects the internal temperature of the hydrogen storage tank 2 in real time and sends the temperature data to the signal receiving and transmitting device 12 in real time. The signal receiving and transmitting device 12 sends the temperature data to the control system.

[0108] Step 4: The control system calculates the temperature and the rate of change of time based on the temperature data. If the temperature and the rate of change of time are lower than the set threshold, the control system sends a displacement instruction to the actuator 19 to open the filling small hole. If the temperature and the rate of change of time are higher than the set threshold, the control system sends a displacement instruction to the actuator 19 to close the filling small hole.

[0109] Specifically, in Step 4, the temperature and the rate of change of time are determined by the following formula:

[0110]

[0111] In the formula: k represents the temperature and the rate of change of time; t j is the j-th test time, t i is the i-th test time, T j is the temperature at time t j and T i is the temperature at time t i time.

[0112] Further, by adjusting the interval between the time t j and the time t i the precision of this temperature control method can be achieved.

[0113] Step 5: The actuator 19 moves according to the displacement instruction of the control system. When receiving the displacement instruction to open the filling small hole, the actuator 19 controls the movable pipe 10 to continue to move backward in sections towards the rear end of the dispersive nozzle 100 according to the preset displacement amount. When receiving the displacement instruction to close the filling small hole, the actuator 19 controls the movable pipe 10 to move forward in sections towards the front end of the dispersive nozzle 100 according to the preset displacement amount.

[0114] Step 6: Repeat Steps 3 - 5 until the hydrogen filling is completed.

[0115] Adopting the control method of the segmented opening and closing diffused hydrogen filling device of the present invention, before hydrogen filling, by controlling the movable tube to completely block the filling small holes, it can prevent gas from being inhaled from the filling nozzle when supplying hydrogen to the fuel cell, enhancing safety; during the filling process, the temperature at each moment is detected by the temperature sensor, and based on the control program of the control system, the calculation results of the temperature and the rate of change of time are converted into corresponding execution signals, that is, according to the measured temperature and a fixed time period, the real-time rate of change of temperature is calculated. Once it is found that the rate of change of temperature is lower than the set threshold, the actuator controls the movable tube to move towards the rear end of the diffused nozzle, realizing an increase in the number of filling small holes (i.e., the effective filling area). By analogy, if it is still lower than the set threshold, the number of filling small holes is gradually opened segment by segment, thereby increasing the amount of hydrogen entering the hydrogen storage tank per unit time, thus improving the hydrogen filling rate, reducing the hydrogen filling time, and meeting the user's needs. When the rate of change of temperature is higher than the set threshold, the number of small holes is reduced, the filling area is decreased, so that the intake air volume per unit time is reduced, and further the temperature rise phenomenon caused by the compression effect of the gas in the tank, etc., is reduced. Reaching the lowest end means suspending the filling.

[0116] The present invention precisely controls the amount of hydrogen entering the hydrogen storage tank through the filling small holes by the movement of the movable tube in the diffused nozzle. The hydrogen enters the hydrogen storage tank in a diffused form, avoiding the large accumulation of local hydrogen, dispersing the temperature to each area in the tank, and reducing the phenomenon of excessive local temperature in the hydrogen storage tank. The segmented opening and closing design can flexibly adjust the hydrogen filling rate according to actual needs. It can quickly fill at the initial stage and slow down the filling rate when approaching full tank, ensuring the stability and safety of the pressure and temperature in the hydrogen storage tank.

[0117] The above are only embodiments of the present invention, and common knowledge such as specific structures and characteristics known in the solution is not described in detail here. For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, from any point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description. Therefore, it is intended to include all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims in the present invention. Any reference signs in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claimed claims.

Claims

1. A segmented opening and closing diffused hydrogen filling device, characterized in that, The diffusion hydrogen filling device is arranged on one side of the hydrogen storage tank; the diffusion hydrogen filling device includes a diffusion nozzle assembly (10), and the diffusion nozzle assembly (10) includes a diffusion nozzle (100) and a movable pipe (101) arranged inside the hydrogen storage tank; One end of the diffusion nozzle (100) is an open end, and the other end is a closed end. The movable pipe (101) is sleeved inside the diffusion nozzle (100) through the open end of the diffusion nozzle (100) and can telescopically move inside it; a number of filling small holes are arranged on the diffusion nozzle (100); When the movable pipe (101) moves towards the closed end of the diffusion nozzle (100), the outer surface of the movable pipe (101) blocks the filling small holes on the diffusion nozzle (100); on the contrary, when the movable pipe (101) moves towards the open end of the diffusion nozzle (100), the outer surface of the movable pipe (101) opens the filling small holes; The filling rate of the diffusion hydrogen filling device is determined by the following formula: ； Wherein: represents the maximum filling rate of the diffusion hydrogen filling device; P represents the pressure inside the diffusion nozzle assembly; represents the gas constant; T represents the hydrogen temperature inside the diffusion nozzle assembly; α represents the conversion coefficient; represents the total area of the filling orifices; represents the porosity of the diffusion nozzle assembly; d t represents the inner wall diameter of the diffusion nozzle; represents the pressure difference between the gas inside the diffusion nozzle assembly and the gas inside the tank; k z represents 10 2 order constant, k z whose value range is between 90 and 160; μ represents the dynamic viscosity inside the diffusion nozzle assembly; X represents the wall thickness of the diffusion nozzle assembly; The filling rate of the diffusion hydrogen filling device satisfies: ； In the formula: represents the maximum filling rate of the diffusion hydrogen filling device; represents the maximum filling rate of the direct injection filling device; represents the total mass of hydrogen after filling; represents the mass before filling; t represents the filling time; represents the hydrogen filling pressure after the hydrogen refilling is completed; V represents the volume of the hydrogen storage tank; represents the temperature inside the tank after the hydrogen filling is completed.

2. The segmented opening and closing diffused hydrogen filling device according to claim 1, wherein The design parameters and operating parameters of the diffusion hydrogen filling device should satisfy the following formula: ； In the formula: d k represents the diameter of the small hole with a mark; N Denotes the total number of small holes marked; Denotes the porosity of the dispersion nozzle assembly; d t Denotes the inner wall diameter of the dispersion nozzle; X denotes the wall thickness of the dispersion nozzle assembly; T Denotes the hydrogen temperature inside the dispersion nozzle assembly; α Denotes the conversion coefficient; P denotes the internal pressure of the dispersion nozzle; Denotes the gas constant; k z denotes a constant of order 10 2 order, k z with a value range between 90 and 160; μ Denotes the dynamic viscosity inside the dispersion nozzle assembly; Denotes the pressure difference between the gas inside the dispersion nozzle assembly and the gas inside the tank.

3. The segmented opening and closing diffused hydrogen filling device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The movable pipe (101) is provided with multiple displacement amounts according to the total length of the diffusion nozzle (100), and each displacement amount corresponds to the filling small holes at different positions on the diffusion nozzle (100), and the movable pipe (101) moves segment by segment according to each displacement amount.

4. The segmented opening and closing diffused hydrogen filling device according to claim 1, wherein It further includes an actuator (19) and a housing. The actuator (19) includes a motor (190) and a rack (191); a sleeve structure is arranged on one side of the housing, the motor (190) is arranged inside the sleeve structure, the rack (191) is arranged on the outer surface of the movable pipe (101) along the pipe length direction of the movable pipe (101), and a gear meshed with the rack (191) is arranged on the output shaft of the motor (190).

5. The segmented opening and closing diffused hydrogen filling device according to claim 4, characterized in that, It further includes a temperature sensor (11); the front end face of the sleeve structure is tightly connected to one side end face of the hydrogen storage tank, and the temperature sensor (11) and a diffusion nozzle connecting pipe are arranged on the front end face. The front end of the diffusion nozzle connecting pipe is connected to the diffusion nozzle (100). The diffusion nozzle connecting pipe and the diffusion nozzle (100) are internally connected and are arranged inside the hydrogen storage tank in a fixed posture together with the temperature sensor (11). The front end of the movable pipe (101) is sequentially sleeved inside the diffusion nozzle connecting pipe and the diffusion nozzle (100); the outer surface of the movable pipe (101) is tightly attached to the inner walls of the diffusion nozzle connecting pipe and the diffusion nozzle (100).

6. The segmented opening and closing diffused hydrogen filling device according to claim 4, characterized in that, It further includes an intake pipeline (18), and the intake pipeline (18) includes an input pipe and a main output pipe; the input pipe is connected to an external hydrogen source, and the main output pipe is sleeved inside the end of the movable pipe (101), and the outer wall thereof is tightly attached to the inner wall of the movable pipe (101).

7. A temperature control method for a segmented opening and closing diffused hydrogen filling device according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The method includes: Step 1: When hydrogen is not refueled, the actuator controls the movable pipe to move to the inner side of the front end of the dispersion nozzle and abut against it, completely blocking the filling holes; Step 2: Start hydrogen refueling, and the actuator controls the movable pipe to move towards the rear end of the dispersion nozzle section by section according to the preset displacement; Step 3: The temperature sensor continuously collects the internal temperature of the hydrogen storage tank and sends the temperature data to the signal receiving and transmitting device in real time, and the signal receiving and transmitting device sends the temperature data to the control system; Step 4: The control system calculates the temperature and the rate of change of time based on the temperature data. If the temperature and the rate of change of time are lower than the set threshold, the control system sends a displacement command to the actuator to open the filling holes. If the temperature and the rate of change of time are higher than the set threshold, the control system sends a displacement command to the actuator to close the filling holes; Step 5: The actuator moves according to the displacement command of the control system. When receiving the displacement command to open the filling holes, the actuator controls the movable pipe to continue to move towards the rear end of the dispersion nozzle section by section according to the preset displacement. If receiving the displacement command to close the filling holes, the actuator controls the movable pipe to move towards the front end of the dispersion nozzle section by section according to the preset displacement; Step 6: Repeat Steps 3 - 5 until the hydrogen refueling is completed.

8. The temperature control method according to claim 7, wherein The temperature and the rate of change of time in Step 4 are determined by the following formula: ； where: k represents the temperature and the rate of change of time; t j is the j-th test time, t i is the i-th test time, T j is t j the temperature at time, T i is t i the temperature at time.

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