Device for solid hydrogen storage

Abstract

This invention discloses a device for solid hydrogen storage, comprising a hydrogen distribution and collection box, a hydrogen storage box, and a heat exchange medium distribution and collection box. A fixed partition plate and a rotating partition plate are arranged in a cross shape on the central axis of the hydrogen storage box, dividing the storage box into a hydrogen storage material storage area and a non-hydrogen storage material storage area. The hydrogen storage material storage area is filled with solid hydrogen storage material, while the non-hydrogen storage material storage area contains an elastic element. The hydrogen storage material storage area is equipped with hydrogen storage material inlet and outlet pipes. The heat exchange medium distribution and collection box is divided by partitions into a heat exchange medium inlet box and a heat exchange medium outlet box, which are connected by a U-shaped heat exchange tube. The straight section of the U-shaped heat exchange tube is embedded in the solid hydrogen storage material, and the top of the U-shaped heat exchange tube passes through the gap between the top of the central axis and the bottom plate of the hydrogen distribution and collection box. The hydrogen distribution and collection box is connected to the hydrogen storage box through a hydrogen channel hole. This invention simultaneously solves the heat and volume compensation problems during hydrogen charging and discharging, improving the reliability of the device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of hydrogen storage technology, and specifically relates to a device for solid hydrogen storage. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen is considered one of the cleanest and most efficient energy sources because its combustion process does not release greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and it has a high calorific value. The utilization of hydrogen is inseparable from its storage, which currently includes three main methods: gaseous hydrogen storage, liquid hydrogen storage, and solid-state hydrogen storage. Solid-state hydrogen storage involves storing hydrogen in the lattice of a solid hydrogen storage alloy material (such as rare earth compounds (LaNi5)), and achieving physically reversible hydrogen addition and release processes by changing the temperature and pressure under certain temperature and pressure conditions. Compared to gaseous and liquid hydrogen storage, solid-state hydrogen storage does not require excessive energy consumption and has advantages such as higher volumetric hydrogen storage density, safety and efficiency, and a stable hydrogen release rate, making it a promising hydrogen storage technology.

[0003] Solid hydrogen storage materials typically expand in volume when absorbing hydrogen and contract in volume when releasing hydrogen. Furthermore, they release a significant amount of heat during hydrogen absorption and require substantial heat replenishment during hydrogen release. Temperature also significantly impacts the hydrogen absorption and desorption rates of the storage material. Therefore, to ensure the long-term use of hydrogen storage materials and the rapid and efficient absorption and desorption of hydrogen, it is essential to simultaneously address the heat and volume changes during hydrogen absorption and desorption, designing hydrogen storage devices with high-efficiency heat exchange performance and volume compensation. Otherwise, the absorption and desorption efficiency of solid hydrogen storage will decrease, and with each hydrogen charge and discharge cycle, the expansion and compression of the solid hydrogen storage alloy will cause lattice deformation, leading to a rapid decrease in its capacity. Additionally, the expansion of the solid hydrogen storage material subjects the storage shell to significant stress, posing a risk of bulging and cracking. Solving the problems of heat absorption / desorption and volume changes during the hydrogen absorption and desorption process of solid hydrogen storage is crucial for ensuring high absorption and desorption rates and directly affects the cost and safety of the hydrogen storage device.

[0004] Patent CN117307953A discloses a hydrogen storage and release device that facilitates the replacement of hydrogen storage materials. After the hydrogen storage alloy's hydrogen charging and releasing capacity deteriorates, a new hydrogen storage alloy is injected through the jacket inlet to replace the original hydrogen storage alloy without moving the entire device. This method is convenient and low-cost. However, the volume expansion absorption of the hydrogen storage alloy during the charging and releasing process is poor, and the capacity of the solid hydrogen storage material may decay rapidly. Patent CN103883874B discloses a hydrogen storage tank with an external heat exchange structure. Its structure is simple, easy to manufacture, and low-cost. It has a better heat exchange effect and excellent hydrogen release performance. However, this hydrogen storage tank only has a heat exchange effect and cannot absorb the volume expansion of the solid hydrogen storage material during the hydrogen absorption and release process. Therefore, it cannot simultaneously solve the problems of volume expansion and heat release, and the tank body is at risk of bulging and rupture. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the technical problems of poor absorption of volume expansion during hydrogen charging and discharging in existing solid hydrogen storage devices, and the inability to simultaneously solve the problems of volume expansion and heat release during hydrogen storage, this invention provides a device for solid hydrogen storage that solves the problems of volume expansion and heat release during solid hydrogen storage.

[0006] This invention provides a device for solid hydrogen storage, comprising a cylindrical vertical tank, a hydrogen distribution and collection box, a hydrogen storage tank, and a heat exchange medium distribution and collection box arranged coaxially with the vertical tank from top to bottom within the vertical tank; the hydrogen distribution and collection box is cylindrical and is enclosed by a top plate of the vertical tank, a cylindrical wall of the vertical tank, and a bottom plate of the hydrogen distribution and collection box; the hydrogen storage tank is cylindrical and located below the bottom plate of the hydrogen distribution and collection box, forming a closed space enclosed by the bottom plate of the hydrogen distribution and collection box, the cylindrical wall of the hydrogen storage tank, and the top plate of the heat exchange medium distribution and collection box; the heat exchange medium distribution and collection box is cylindrical and is enclosed by a top plate of the heat exchange medium distribution and collection box, the cylindrical wall of the vertical tank, and the bottom plate of the vertical tank; a fixed cylindrical central shaft is arranged coaxially with the hydrogen storage tank body on the top plate of the heat exchange medium distribution and collection box within the hydrogen storage tank, with a gap maintained between the top of the central shaft and the bottom plate of the hydrogen distribution and collection box;

[0007] A fixed partition plate and a rotating partition plate are arranged in a cross shape on the central axis. The fixed partition plate is fixed relative to the central axis, while the rotating partition plate can rotate around the central axis. Both have the same height, which is less than or equal to the height of the central axis, and the same radial width, which is equal to the inner diameter of the hydrogen storage tank. The bottom edges of the fixed partition plate and the rotating partition plate are in the same horizontal plane. The fixed partition plate and the rotating partition plate divide the hydrogen storage tank cavity into two symmetrically arranged hydrogen storage material storage areas and two non-hydrogen storage material storage areas. The hydrogen storage material storage areas are filled with solid hydrogen storage material. A rotation starting point limit block is provided on the inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank near the rotating partition plate in the hydrogen storage material storage area. An elastic element is provided between the rotating partition plate and the fixed partition plate in the non-hydrogen storage material storage area to support the rotating partition plate and the fixed partition plate. The elastic element undergoes corresponding compression or expansion deformation as the rotating partition plate rotates.

[0008] Each hydrogen storage material storage area is equipped with a hydrogen storage material inlet pipe on the bottom plate of the hydrogen distribution and collection box, and a hydrogen storage material outlet pipe on the top plate of the heat exchange medium distribution and collection box. The hydrogen storage material inlet pipe passes through the hydrogen distribution and collection box and extends to the outside of the top plate of the vertical tank, and the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe passes through the heat exchange medium distribution and collection box and extends to the outside of the bottom plate of the vertical tank.

[0009] The hydrogen distribution and collection box is equipped with a hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet. Each hydrogen storage material storage area has a hydrogen channel hole on its bottom plate that communicates with the hydrogen storage box.

[0010] A partition is installed inside the heat exchange medium distribution and collection box along the diameter direction of the top plate of the heat exchange medium distribution and collection box. The partition divides the heat exchange medium distribution and collection box into heat exchange medium inlet box and heat exchange medium outlet box with equal volume and symmetrical arrangement. Each heat exchange medium inlet box and heat exchange medium outlet box corresponds to a hydrogen storage material storage area. U-shaped heat exchange tubes located inside the hydrogen storage box are symmetrically installed on the top plate of the heat exchange medium distribution and collection box corresponding to each hydrogen storage material storage area. The vertical section of the U-shaped heat exchange tube is buried in the solid hydrogen storage material. The top of the U-shaped heat exchange tube connecting the vertical section of the U-shaped heat exchange tube passes through the gap between the top of the central axis and the bottom plate of the hydrogen distribution and collection box. The heat exchange medium inlet box and heat exchange medium outlet box are connected through the U-shaped heat exchange tube.

[0011] The heat exchange medium inlet box is equipped with a heat exchange medium inlet, and the heat exchange medium outlet box is equipped with a heat exchange medium outlet. The heat exchange medium inlet, heat exchange medium inlet box, U-shaped heat exchange tube, heat exchange medium outlet box and heat exchange medium outlet form a closed and connected cavity, which allows the heat exchange medium to remove heat from the solid hydrogen storage material filled in the hydrogen storage tank or to replenish heat to the solid hydrogen storage material.

[0012] The hydrogen distribution and collection box is not connected to either the heat exchange medium inlet box or the heat exchange medium outlet box, and the hydrogen storage box is not connected to either the heat exchange medium inlet box or the heat exchange medium outlet box.

[0013] As an improvement, the hydrogen channel hole is provided with a downward-extending hydrogen distribution and collection pipe. The hydrogen distribution and collection pipe extends into the hydrogen storage material storage area of ​​the hydrogen storage tank and is buried in the solid hydrogen storage material. The wall of the hydrogen distribution and collection pipe buried in the solid hydrogen storage material is provided with hydrogen holes. The diameter of the hydrogen holes is smaller than the minimum particle size of the solid hydrogen storage material. The hydrogen distribution and collection tank is connected to the hydrogen storage tank through the hydrogen distribution and collection pipe and the hydrogen holes.

[0014] The hydrogen distribution and collection pipes are arranged in a ring, equilateral triangle, or regular quadrilateral shape on the cross-section of the hydrogen storage material storage area of ​​the hydrogen storage tank. The diameter of the hydrogen distribution and collection pipes should preferably be 19–60 mm. When the hydrogen distribution and collection pipes are evenly distributed in a ring, the circumferential spacing between the pipes should preferably be 30–80 mm, and the radial spacing should preferably be 40–60 mm. When the hydrogen distribution and collection pipes are evenly distributed in an equilateral triangle shape, the side length of the equilateral triangle should preferably be 20–60 mm; when the hydrogen distribution and collection pipes are evenly distributed in a regular quadrilateral shape, the side length of the regular quadrilateral should preferably be 20–100 mm. The height of the hydrogen distribution and collection pipes inside the hydrogen storage tank should preferably be 80–95% of the height of the hydrogen storage tank. One or more layers of hydrogen pores can be opened along the circumference of the hydrogen distribution and collection pipe wall, with each layer generally having 2–6 hydrogen pores, and the spacing between layers should preferably be 50–150 mm. The hydrogen distribution and collection pipe can better guide hydrogen into and out of the hydrogen storage tank along the axis of the hydrogen storage tank.

[0015] Both the rotating partition plate and the fixed partition plate are set on the central axis in a conventional manner.

[0016] One method is to set a sleeve at the rotation axis of the rotating partition plate, with the height of the sleeve equal to the height of the rotating partition plate. The sleeve is fitted onto the central shaft, allowing the rotating partition plate to rotate around the central shaft. The two ends of the fixed partition plate are fixed to the inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank, and it is divided into two disconnected parts by the sleeve of the rotating partition plate. A rotation seal is set between the disconnected part and the outer wall of the sleeve.

[0017] The second method involves using a hinge-like configuration for the rotating and fixed partition plates. A sleeve, shorter than the rotating partition plate, is positioned along the rotation axis of the rotating partition plate. This sleeve fits onto the central shaft, partially enclosing it, allowing the rotating partition plate to rotate around the central shaft. A rotation seal is installed at the point where the gap on the rotating partition plate's rotation axis, where the sleeve is not present, contacts the central shaft. The fixed partition plate is fixed at both ends to the inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank. It is directly fixed to the central shaft at the point where it is divided by the central shaft, and it breaks off at the point where it is divided by the sleeve of the rotating partition plate. A rotation seal is installed between the break and the outer wall of the sleeve.

[0018] In addition to the methods listed above, the rotating and fixed partition plates can also be arranged on the central shaft in other ways. The rotating seal involved can be a packing seal to prevent solid hydrogen storage material from entering the non-hydrogen storage material storage area.

[0019] All elastic elements mentioned are conventional elastic elements. These can be torsion springs, sheet springs, etc. Elastic elements typically have a rotation axis and two open, angled support arms, with the rotation axis fixedly connected to the two support arms. For a torsion spring, the rotation axis is its axis; for a herringbone sheet spring, the rotation axis is the connection point of the two support arms; for a fishtail sheet spring, the rotation axis is the center line of the base of the open-top, triangular-section sheet. During initial installation, it is advisable to use a rotation starting point limiting block and a fixed partition plate to maintain a certain degree of compression deformation in the elastic element. This is beneficial because when the solid hydrogen storage material releases hydrogen and its volume shrinks, ceasing to provide thrust to the rotating partition plate, the elastic element will provide thrust to the rotating partition plate, restoring it to its pre-hydrogen-filling state. For the elastic element, when the solid hydrogen storage material absorbs hydrogen and its volume increases, it pushes the rotating partition plate to rotate, increasing the volume of the hydrogen storage cavity and compressing and deforming the elastic element, accumulating elastic potential energy inside. When the solid hydrogen storage material releases hydrogen and its volume decreases, the elastic potential energy accumulated inside the elastic element is released, pushing the rotating partition plate to rotate, reducing the volume of the hydrogen storage cavity and returning it to its initial state to prepare for the next hydrogen charging and discharging process. If the hydrogen storage tank axis is relatively high, multiple elastic elements can be installed in a direction parallel to the hydrogen storage tank axis to ensure more uniform force distribution on the rotating partition plate.

[0020] There are two main ways to fix the elastic element. One way is to fix the rotation axis of the elastic element and not fix the two support arms. The other way is to fix the two support arms of the elastic element to the rotating partition plate and the fixed partition plate respectively, and not fix its rotation axis.

[0021] When the elastic element is a torsion spring with a certain angle between its two ends, the torsion spring can be fixed by connecting the support arms at both ends of the spring to the rotating partition plate and the fixed partition plate respectively, or by setting a cylindrical spring shaft above the top plate of the heat exchange medium distribution and collection box and fixing the torsion spring on the spring shaft.

[0022] When the elastic element is a spring sheet, it can be an elastic element with a certain curvature. It can also be a fishtail-type spring sheet, which is a combination of a triangular spring sheet and a push rod. The push rod is the support arm. The triangular spring sheet has a triangular structure with a broken upper part and a connected lower part. The push rod is set on the outside of the triangular spring sheet. One end of the push rod is fixedly connected to the small end of the triangle, and the other end extends out of the large end of the triangular spring sheet and is fixedly connected to the rotating partition plate and the fixed partition plate respectively. When the solid hydrogen storage material absorbs hydrogen and its volume increases, it pushes the rotating partition plate to rotate, increasing the volume of the hydrogen storage cavity. This pushes the distance between the two push rods to decrease, and uses its own leverage to increase the small end of the upper triangle of the fishtail, accumulating elastic potential energy inside the spring sheet. When the solid hydrogen storage material releases hydrogen and its volume decreases, the elastic potential energy accumulated inside the spring sheet is released, pushing the rotating partition plate to rotate, reducing the volume of the hydrogen storage cavity, returning it to its initial state, and preparing it for the next hydrogen charging and discharging process.

[0023] The U-shaped heat exchange tubes are arranged in a ring, equilateral triangle, or regular quadrilateral pattern within the cross-section of the hydrogen storage material storage area to ensure that heat can be uniformly dissipated or replenished throughout the hydrogen storage tank. The U-shaped heat exchange tubes are preferably circular, with an outer diameter of 19–80 mm. When the U-shaped heat exchange tubes are evenly distributed in a ring, the circumferential spacing between the U-shaped heat exchange tubes should be 30–100 mm, and the radial spacing should be 40–150 mm. When the U-shaped heat exchange tubes are evenly distributed in an equilateral triangle pattern, the side length of the equilateral triangle should be 25–150 mm; when the U-shaped heat exchange tubes are evenly distributed in a regular quadrilateral pattern, the side length of the regular quadrilateral should be 30–150 mm.

[0024] To ensure that the solid hydrogen storage material remains in the hydrogen storage area during rotation, the contact points between the fixed partition plate and the inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank, as well as the contact points with the upper part of the top plate of the heat exchange medium distribution and collection tank, are sealed using fixed connection methods such as bolting, bonding, and welding. If there is relative movement (such as rotation around the sleeve) at the contact points between the fixed partition plate and the sleeve, rotational sealing is achieved using methods such as packing seals.

[0025] The rotating partition plate and its sleeve can be integrally formed, or they can be sealed together by bolting, bonding, welding or other fixing methods, so that the rotating partition plate and the sleeve can rotate together around the central axis.

[0026] To prevent hydrogen storage materials from mixing in the hydrogen storage area and the non-hydrogen storage area, and to prevent wear of the solid hydrogen storage material at points of relative movement caused by rotation, while also reducing friction, rotation seals are installed at the contact points between the rotating partition plate and the inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank, as well as at the contact points with the upper part of the top plate of the heat exchange medium distribution and collection tank. Rotation seals can be achieved by means of packing seals or other methods.

[0027] Each hydrogen storage material storage area is equipped with a hydrogen storage material inlet pipe and a hydrogen storage material outlet pipe, through which hydrogen storage material is added to and removed from the storage area. To maximize the utilization of the cavity volume of the device used for solid hydrogen storage, the volume of the hydrogen storage material storage area should be large, while the volume of the non-hydrogen storage material storage area should be small. The volume of the hydrogen storage material storage area should preferably be 2 to 6 times the volume of the non-hydrogen storage material storage area.

[0028] To ensure that the rotating partition plate rotates within a certain area and protects the internal components in the hydrogen storage material area, a rotation endpoint limit block is installed on the inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank within a certain range near the rotation start limit block in the non-hydrogen storage material area. This ensures that the rotating partition plate can only rotate within the angles corresponding to the rotation start limit block and the rotation endpoint limit block.

[0029] Because the tops of the hydrogen storage material storage area and the non-hydrogen storage material storage area are connected, hydrogen can enter the hydrogen storage material storage area from the non-hydrogen storage material storage area. As a preferred embodiment, to accelerate the flow of hydrogen to the hydrogen storage material storage area, connecting holes can be opened on both the rotating and fixed partition plates to allow hydrogen to flow between the non-hydrogen storage material storage area and the hydrogen storage material storage area. The connecting holes are arranged in a ring, equilateral triangle, or regular quadrilateral on the rotating or fixed partition plates. The connecting holes are preferably circular, with a diameter smaller than the minimum particle size of the solid hydrogen storage material. When the connecting holes are evenly distributed in a ring, the circumferential spacing between the holes is preferably 20–80 mm, and the radial spacing is preferably 40–60 mm. When the connecting holes are evenly distributed in an equilateral triangle, the side length of the equilateral triangle is preferably 20–60 mm; when the connecting holes are evenly distributed in a regular quadrilateral, the side length of the regular quadrilateral is preferably 20–50 mm.

[0030] As a preferred option, to better regulate the storage and release rate of hydrogen and to ensure that more hydrogen is stored on the rotating partition plate side, which is more sensitive to changes in the volume of the solid hydrogen storage material, it is advisable to make the connecting holes on the rotating partition plate larger and the connecting holes on the fixed partition plate smaller. This has the advantage that more hydrogen enters the hydrogen storage material storage area from the rotating partition plate side more quickly. Because it is closer to the rotating partition plate, the expansion of the solid hydrogen storage material can be transferred to the rotating partition plate more quickly, causing the rotating partition plate to rotate around the central axis, thereby increasing the volume of the material storage area and compensating for the volume expansion caused by the absorption of hydrogen.

[0031] The hydrogen inlet and outlet can be set to two or more to increase the hydrogen charging and discharging rate. Alternatively, the hydrogen inlet and outlet can be combined into one, with only one hydrogen inlet and outlet serving as both.

[0032] As a preferred option, a filter screen such as a wire mesh can be installed on the connecting holes to prevent fine, broken solid hydrogen storage material particles from entering the non-hydrogen storage material storage area through the connecting holes. The pore size of the filter screen is smaller than the minimum particle size of the solid hydrogen storage material, preferably 10% to 30% of the minimum particle size of the solid hydrogen storage material. To reduce potential damage to the filter screen caused by the addition and removal of solid hydrogen storage material, the filter screen should preferably be installed on one side of a rotating or fixed partition plate located within the non-hydrogen storage material storage area.

[0033] As an alternative, the rotating and fixed partition plates can also be made of triangular or V-shaped screens. These screens simultaneously act as a barrier for the solid hydrogen storage material and facilitate the flow and distribution of hydrogen. V-shaped screens offer advantages such as good rigidity, simple structure, and ease of manufacturing. The cross-section of the V-shaped screen is V-shaped or triangular, with wedge-shaped gaps. The narrowest point of the wedge-shaped gap contacts the solid hydrogen storage material, ensuring that the internal solid hydrogen storage material does not leak out. Hydrogen can pass through the wedge-shaped gaps and contact the solid hydrogen storage material with a larger surface area. The narrowest point of the wedge-shaped gap is smaller than the minimum particle size of the solid hydrogen storage material, preferably 30% to 80% of the minimum particle size.

[0034] When loading solid hydrogen storage material, the outlet pipe is closed and the inlet pipe is open. Under gravity, the hydrogen storage material enters from the inlet pipe and is stored in the storage area of ​​the hydrogen storage tank. When the hydrogen storage material needs replacement due to its lifespan decline, the outlet pipe is opened, and under gravity, the hydrogen storage material in the storage area exits the hydrogen storage device through the outlet pipe. The inlet and outlet pipes should preferably be cylindrical with a diameter of 50–400 mm.

[0035] Depending on the different needs of hydrogen filling and discharging, during hydrogen filling, a low-temperature heat exchange medium enters the heat exchange medium inlet box from the heat exchange medium inlet. Through the distribution function of the heat exchange medium inlet box, it enters the U-shaped heat exchange tubes, absorbing the heat released by the solid hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage area due to hydrogen absorption. This heat is then collected in the heat exchange medium outlet box and leaves the hydrogen storage device through the heat exchange medium outlet, thus lowering the temperature of the solid hydrogen storage material. When hydrogen needs to be released from the solid hydrogen storage material, a high-temperature heat exchange medium enters the heat exchange medium inlet box from the heat exchange medium inlet. Through the distribution function of the heat exchange medium inlet box, it enters the U-shaped heat exchange tubes, providing heat to the solid hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage tank. The solid hydrogen storage material absorbs heat and releases hydrogen. The heat exchange medium, after releasing heat, collects in the heat exchange medium outlet box and leaves the hydrogen storage device through the heat exchange medium outlet. By using the heat exchange medium to remove heat from the hydrogen storage area or replenish heat to the hydrogen storage area, the hydrogen absorption and release process is ensured to proceed at a high rate. Fluids such as water, nitrogen, and air can be used as the heat exchange medium.

[0036] As a preferred solution, to ensure that all solid hydrogen storage material is filled within the hydrogen storage area and to prevent the solid hydrogen storage material from expanding and clogging the outlet pipe during hydrogen filling, a plug can be installed inside the outlet pipe. The plug consists of a baffle, a packing seal, a baffle cylinder, a handle, and an installation ring. The baffle cylinder is a cylindrical tube with an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the outlet pipe, typically 4-10 mm smaller. One end of the baffle cylinder is closed by the baffle, while the other end is open, with the baffle end inserted into the outlet pipe to prevent solid hydrogen storage material from entering the outlet pipe during non-discharge operations. A handle, which can be made of round steel or angle steel, is provided at the open end for easy installation and removal of the plug. The gap between the outlet pipe of the hydrogen storage material and the outlet pipe of the hydrogen storage material is sealed with filler such as ceramic fiber rope to prevent solid hydrogen storage material from entering the gap between them. The diameter of the ceramic fiber rope should be 5-11 mm. To ensure that the outlet pipe plug of the hydrogen storage material is fixed inside the outlet pipe of the hydrogen storage material, an installation ring is set at the open end. The installation ring is a circular ring that is fitted over the baffle. A circular hole is made on the installation ring, and a threaded hole is made at the same position on the outlet pipe of the hydrogen storage material so that the installation ring can be fixed to the outlet pipe of the hydrogen storage material with screws.

[0037] As a preferred solution, to avoid problems such as caking or poor flowability of solid hydrogen storage materials in the hydrogen storage tank, which can lead to difficulties in unloading, a loosening air inlet can be installed on the wall of the hydrogen storage tank corresponding to the hydrogen storage material storage area. During the unloading process of solid hydrogen storage materials, inert gases such as high-pressure nitrogen and carbon dioxide can be introduced to facilitate the smoother discharge of solid hydrogen storage materials.

[0038] When filling the hydrogen storage device with solid hydrogen storage material, open the hydrogen storage material inlet pipe and close the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe to fill the hydrogen storage material storage area in the hydrogen storage tank. Keep both the hydrogen storage material inlet and outlet pipes closed during the charging and discharging process. When unloading the solid hydrogen storage material, open the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe to unload the solid hydrogen storage material from the hydrogen storage material storage area in the hydrogen storage tank. When unloading the solid hydrogen storage material, the hydrogen storage material inlet pipe can also be opened as a vent. The purpose of opening the inlet pipe is to maintain pressure balance in the hydrogen storage tank and prevent negative pressure from forming inside the tank during rapid unloading of the solid hydrogen storage material, which would make it difficult to unload the solid hydrogen storage material or cause the tank to collapse due to negative pressure. If the solid hydrogen storage material has poor flowability and cannot be unloaded due to caking, compression, or other reasons, the loosening air inlet can be opened and inert gases such as nitrogen can be introduced to loosen the solid hydrogen storage material, allowing it to be unloaded from the hydrogen storage tank more smoothly.

[0039] The device for solid hydrogen storage of this invention, during hydrogen filling, opens the hydrogen inlet and closes the hydrogen outlet, the hydrogen storage material inlet pipe, and the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe, forming a sealed cavity in which hydrogen can only enter and not exit. Hydrogen enters the hydrogen distribution and collection box from the hydrogen inlet, and then enters the hydrogen storage tank through the hydrogen channel hole and enters the hydrogen storage material storage area. Under pressure, hydrogen is stored in the solid hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage tank. During the hydrogen filling process, the volume of the solid hydrogen storage material increases, and the rotating partition plate rotates towards the non-hydrogen storage material storage area. The volume of the hydrogen storage material storage area increases, compensating for the increase in the volume of the solid hydrogen storage material. The compression between the solid hydrogen storage materials decreases, and the hydrogen storage tank avoids the risk of bulging. During this process, the elastic element is compressed, and the elastic potential energy increases. Since the solid hydrogen storage material releases heat during the absorption of hydrogen, the temperature inside the hydrogen storage tank rises after the heat released during hydrogen filling reaches a certain level. At this time, a low-temperature medium is introduced into the heat exchange medium inlet box from the heat exchange medium inlet box. Through the distribution action of the heat exchange medium inlet box, it enters the U-shaped heat exchange tube connected to the heat exchange medium inlet box. Through the heat transfer action of the U-shaped heat exchange tube, the heat released by the solid hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage tank due to the absorption of hydrogen is absorbed and collected in the heat exchange medium outlet box, and then leaves the hydrogen storage device through the heat exchange medium outlet. The temperature of the solid hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage tank is reduced, allowing the hydrogen filling to proceed at a higher rate.

[0040] In this invention, the device for solid hydrogen storage opens the hydrogen outlet and closes the hydrogen inlet, hydrogen storage material inlet pipe, and hydrogen storage material outlet pipe during hydrogen release. This creates a sealed cavity within the hydrogen storage tank, preventing entry and allowing only exit. Hydrogen is released from the solid hydrogen storage material and fills the tank, creating pressure. The hydrogen then enters the hydrogen distribution and collection box through the hydrogen channel and exits the storage device via the hydrogen outlet, supplying downstream devices or external equipment. After releasing hydrogen, the solid hydrogen storage material decreases in volume, and the elastic potential energy stored in the elastic element is gradually released. This pushes the rotating partition plate towards the hydrogen storage area. The elastic element further releases its elastic potential energy, reducing the volume of the hydrogen storage area and restoring the rotating partition plate to its pre-filling state to prepare for the next hydrogen filling and releasing process. Since solid hydrogen storage materials need to absorb heat to release the hydrogen stored inside, the high-temperature heat exchange medium enters the heat exchange medium inlet box through the heat exchange medium inlet and then enters the U-shaped heat exchange tube connected to the heat exchange medium inlet box through the distribution function of the heat exchange medium inlet box. Through the heat transfer function of the U-shaped heat exchange tube, the heat required for the solid hydrogen storage material to release hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank is input and collected in the heat exchange medium outlet box, and then leaves the hydrogen storage device through the heat exchange medium outlet, so that the hydrogen release can be carried out at a high rate.

[0041] The same medium can be used during hydrogen charging and discharging. By setting up external heaters or coolers, the heat exchange medium is cooled during hydrogen charging and heated during hydrogen discharging, so as to achieve the purpose of recycling.

[0042] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0043] 1) By storing hydrogen in solid hydrogen storage materials, there is no need for harsh conditions such as high pressure or low temperature. The hydrogen storage process does not require excessive energy consumption, and it is safe, efficient and has a stable hydrogen release rate.

[0044] 2) By setting up rotating elements and heat exchange elements, the heat and volume compensation problems in the hydrogen charging and discharging process are solved at the same time, so that the hydrogen charging and discharging can be carried out at a higher rate; the rotating elements allow the storage area of ​​the solid hydrogen storage material to increase or decrease with the change in the volume of the solid hydrogen storage material during the hydrogen charging and discharging process, so that the mutual expansion and compression of the solid hydrogen storage material is less, and the internal lattice of the solid hydrogen storage alloy material can still maintain a good morphology after more hydrogen charging and discharging cycles, resulting in slower decay of hydrogen storage capacity and longer life of solid hydrogen storage material.

[0045] 3) By rotating the element, the volume of the hydrogen storage area can be changed, which greatly reduces the stress applied to the hydrogen storage shell caused by volume expansion, avoids the risk of bulging and cracking of the solid hydrogen storage shell, and improves the safety and reliability of solid hydrogen storage and reduces the cost of solid hydrogen storage by setting a limiting device. Attached Figure Description

[0046] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a device for solid hydrogen storage according to the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A top view of the structure along the AA direction;

[0048] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A top view of the structure in the middle BB direction;

[0049] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the rotating partition plate in the diagram;

[0050] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a torsion spring, one of the elastic elements.

[0051] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fishtail spring, one of the elastic elements.

[0052] Figure 7 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a structure for plugging the outlet of hydrogen storage materials.

[0053] In the diagram: 1-Vertical tank, 2-Hydrogen distribution and collection box, 3-U-shaped heat exchange tube, 4-Hydrogen storage tank, 5-Solid hydrogen storage material, 6-Central shaft, 7-Sleeve, 8-Hydrogen distribution and collection pipe, 9-Loosening air inlet, 10-Heat exchange medium inlet box, 11-Hydrogen storage material outlet pipe, 12-Hydrogen storage material outlet plug, 13-Heat exchange medium inlet, 14-Baffle plate, 15-Heat exchange medium outlet, 16-Hydrogen storage material outlet pipe, 17-Hydrogen storage material outlet plug, 18-Heat exchange medium outlet box, 19-Top plate of heat exchange medium distribution and collection box, 20-Loosening air inlet, 21- - Hydrogen distribution and collection box bottom plate, 22- Hydrogen inlet and outlet, 23- Hydrogen storage material inlet pipe, 24- Hydrogen storage material inlet pipe, 25- Fixed partition plate, 26- Non-hydrogen storage material storage area, 27- Rotation end point limit block, 28- Packing seal, 29- Rotation start point limit block, 30- Rotation partition plate, 31- Hydrogen storage material storage area, 32- Elastic element, 33- Support arm, 34- Triangular spring, 35- Support arm, 36- Baffle, 37- Packing seal, 38- Baffle cylinder, 39- Handle, 40- Mounting ring, 41- Hydrogen port, 42- Hydrogen channel port. Detailed Implementation

[0054] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0055] like Figures 1-4As shown, the device for solid hydrogen storage provided by the present invention includes a cylindrical vertical tank 1, a hydrogen distribution and collection box 2, a hydrogen storage tank 4, and a heat exchange medium distribution and collection box arranged coaxially with the vertical tank 1 from top to bottom inside the vertical tank 1; the hydrogen distribution and collection box 2 is cylindrical and is formed by the top plate of the vertical tank, the cylindrical wall of the vertical tank, and the bottom plate 21 of the hydrogen distribution and collection box; the hydrogen storage tank 4 is cylindrical and located below the bottom plate 21 of the hydrogen distribution and collection box, and is composed of the bottom plate 21 of the hydrogen distribution and collection box and the hydrogen storage tank. The enclosed space is formed by the cylinder wall and the top plate 19 of the heat exchange medium distribution and collection box; the heat exchange medium distribution and collection box is formed by the top plate 19 of the heat exchange medium distribution and collection box and the bottom end cap of the vertical tank, the bottom end cap of the vertical tank is equivalent to the combination of the cylinder wall and the bottom plate of the vertical tank; inside the hydrogen storage tank 4, on the top plate 19 of the heat exchange medium distribution and collection box, a fixed cylindrical central shaft 6 is set coaxially with the cylinder of the hydrogen storage tank 4, and a gap is maintained between the top of the central shaft 6 and the bottom plate 21 of the hydrogen distribution and collection box.

[0056] A fixed partition plate 25 and a rotating partition plate 30 are arranged in a cross shape on the central shaft 6. The fixed partition plate 25 is fixed relative to the central shaft 6, while the rotating partition plate 30 can rotate around the central shaft 6. Both have the same height, less than or equal to the height of the central shaft 6, and the same radial width, equal to the inner diameter of the hydrogen storage tank 4. A packing seal 28 is provided at the contact point between the rotating partition plate 30 and the inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank 4 to prevent solid hydrogen storage material 5 from entering the non-hydrogen storage material storage area 26 when the rotating partition plate 30 rotates. The fixed partition plate 25 and the rotating partition plate 30 divide the cavity of the hydrogen storage tank 4 into two symmetrically arranged hydrogen storage material storage areas 31 and two non-hydrogen storage material storage areas 26. Zone 31 is filled with solid hydrogen storage material 5. The inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank 4 near the rotating partition plate 30 in the hydrogen storage material storage zone 31 is provided with a rotation start limit block 29. The inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank 4 within a certain range near the rotation start limit block 29 in the non-hydrogen storage material storage zone 26 is provided with a rotation end limit block 27. An elastic element 32 is provided between the rotating partition plate 30 and the fixed partition plate 25 in the non-hydrogen storage material storage zone 26 to support the rotating partition plate 30 and the fixed partition plate 25. The elastic element 32 undergoes corresponding compression or extension deformation as the rotating partition plate 30 rotates. The elastic element 32 is fixedly connected to the rotating partition plate 30 and the fixed partition plate 25 through its two support arms respectively.

[0057] The bottom plate 21 of the hydrogen distribution and collection box corresponding to the two hydrogen storage material storage areas 31 is respectively provided with hydrogen storage material inlet pipe 23 and hydrogen storage material inlet pipe 24. The hydrogen storage material inlet pipe 23 and hydrogen storage material inlet pipe 24 pass through the box body of the hydrogen distribution and collection box 2 and extend to the outside of the top plate of the vertical tank body. The top plate 19 of the heat exchange medium distribution and collection box corresponding to the two hydrogen storage material storage areas 31 is respectively provided with hydrogen storage material outlet pipe 16 and hydrogen storage material outlet pipe 11. The hydrogen storage material outlet pipe 16 and 11 pass through the box body of the heat exchange medium distribution and collection box and extend to the outside of the bottom plate of the vertical tank body 1. The hydrogen storage material inlet pipe 23 and the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe 16 correspond to each other, and the hydrogen storage material inlet pipe 24 and the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe 11 correspond to each other. The hydrogen storage material outlet pipe 16 is provided with a hydrogen storage material outlet plug 17, and the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe 11 is provided with a hydrogen storage material outlet plug 12. The lower part of the cylinder wall of the hydrogen storage tank where the two hydrogen storage material storage areas 31 are located is respectively provided with a loosening air inlet 9 and a loosening air inlet 20.

[0058] The hydrogen distribution and collection box 2 is equipped with a hydrogen inlet and outlet 22. Each hydrogen storage material storage area 31 has a hydrogen channel hole 42 on its bottom plate 21 that communicates with the hydrogen storage box 4. The hydrogen channel hole 42 is equipped with a downward-extending hydrogen distribution and collection pipe 8. The hydrogen distribution and collection pipe 8 extends into the hydrogen storage material storage area 31 of the hydrogen storage box 4 and is buried in the solid hydrogen storage material 5. The hydrogen distribution and collection pipe 8 buried in the solid hydrogen storage material 5 has a hydrogen hole 41 on its tube wall.

[0059] A partition 14 is installed along the diameter of the top plate 19 of the heat exchange medium distribution and collection box. The partition 14 divides the heat exchange medium distribution and collection box into a symmetrical heat exchange medium inlet box 10 and a heat exchange medium outlet box 18. Each heat exchange medium inlet box 10 and heat exchange medium outlet box 18 corresponds to a hydrogen storage material storage area 31. U-shaped heat exchange tubes 3 are symmetrically arranged on the top plate 19 of the heat exchange medium distribution and collection box corresponding to each hydrogen storage material storage area 31, located inside the hydrogen storage tank 4. The vertical section of the U-shaped heat exchange tube 3 is buried in the solid hydrogen storage material 5. The top of the U-shaped heat exchange tube 3 passes through the gap between the top of the central axis 6 and the bottom plate 21 of the hydrogen distribution and collection box. The heat exchange medium inlet box 10 and the heat exchange medium outlet box 18 are connected by a U-shaped heat exchange tube 3; the heat exchange medium inlet box 10 is provided with a heat exchange medium inlet 13, and the heat exchange medium outlet box 18 is provided with a heat exchange medium outlet 15; the heat exchange medium inlet 13, the heat exchange medium inlet box 10, the U-shaped heat exchange tube 3, the heat exchange medium outlet box 18 and the heat exchange medium outlet 15 form a closed and connected cavity, which allows the heat exchange medium to remove heat from the solid hydrogen storage material 5 filled in the hydrogen storage material storage area 31 or to replenish heat to the solid hydrogen storage material 5. The hydrogen distribution and collection box 2 is not connected to the heat exchange medium inlet box 10 and the heat exchange medium outlet box 18, and the hydrogen storage box 4 is not connected to the heat exchange medium inlet box 10 and the heat exchange medium outlet box 18.

[0060] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a rotating partition plate. A sleeve 7 is positioned at the rotation axis of the rotating partition plate, and the height of the sleeve 7 is equal to the height of the rotating partition plate 30. For example... Figure 3 As shown, the sleeve 7 is fitted onto the central shaft 6, allowing the rotating partition plate to rotate around the central shaft 6. The two ends of the fixed partition plate 25 are fixed to the inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank 4. It is divided into two disconnected parts by the sleeve 7 of the rotating partition plate 30. A packing seal 28 is provided between the disconnected part and the outer wall of the sleeve 7.

[0061] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a torsion spring, one of the elastic elements. It has two support arms 33, and its rotation axis is the axis of the torsion spring body.

[0062] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fishtail spring, one of the elastic elements. It consists of a triangular spring 34 and two support arms 35, and its rotation axis is the center line of the bottom edge of the triangular spring with an opening at the top.

[0063] Figure 7 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a structure for plugging the outlet of hydrogen storage materials. As shown in the figure, the hydrogen storage material outlet plug includes a baffle 36, a packing seal 37, a baffle cylinder 38, a handle 39, and an installation ring 40. The baffle cylinder 38 is a cylinder with an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe 11, typically 4-10 mm smaller. One end of the baffle cylinder 38 is closed by the baffle 36, while the other end is open. The baffle end is inserted into the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe 11 to prevent solid hydrogen storage material from entering the outlet pipe 11 when not unloading. A handle 39 is provided at the open end of the baffle cylinder 38. The handle 39 can be made of round steel or angle steel, etc. The gap between the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe 11 and the hydrogen storage material outlet plug is filled with a packing seal 37, such as a ceramic fiber rope. The diameter of the ceramic fiber rope should preferably be 5-11 mm. The installation ring 40 is a circular ring that fits over the baffle cylinder 38. A circular hole is made on the installation ring 40, and a threaded hole is made at the same position on the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe 11 so that the installation ring 40 can be fixed to the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe 11 with screws.

[0064] The operation process of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0065] 1) Loading and unloading of solid hydrogen storage materials

[0066] Close the hydrogen storage material outlet pipes 11 and 16, and open the hydrogen storage material inlet pipes 24 and 23. Under gravity, the solid hydrogen storage material 5 enters the hydrogen storage tank 4 through the inlet pipes 24 and 23. When the solid hydrogen storage material 5 needs replacement due to its declining lifespan, open the hydrogen storage material outlet pipes 11 and 16. Under gravity, the solid hydrogen storage material 5 in the hydrogen storage tank 4 leaves the hydrogen storage device through the outlet pipes 11 and 16. If the solid hydrogen storage material 5 has poor flowability and cannot be discharged due to caking, compression, or other reasons, the loosening air inlets 9 and 20 can be opened and inert gases such as nitrogen can be introduced to loosen the solid hydrogen storage material 5, allowing it to be discharged more smoothly from the hydrogen storage tank 4.

[0067] 2) Hydrogen charging of solid hydrogen storage materials

[0068] Simultaneously close the hydrogen storage material inlet pipes 24 and 23, the hydrogen storage material outlet pipes 11 and 16, and the loosening air inlet 9 and 20, and open the hydrogen inlet / outlet 22. Hydrogen enters the hydrogen distribution and collection box 2 through the hydrogen inlet / outlet 22, and then enters the hydrogen storage tank 4 through the hydrogen channel hole 42, the hydrogen distribution and collection pipe 8, and the hydrogen hole 41, where it is absorbed and stored by the solid hydrogen storage material 5. During the hydrogen charging process, the low-temperature heat exchange medium enters the heat exchange medium inlet box 10 from the heat exchange medium inlet 13. Through the distribution action of the heat exchange medium inlet box 10, it enters the U-shaped heat exchange tube 3, absorbing the heat released by the solid hydrogen storage material 5 in the hydrogen storage tank 4 due to the absorption of hydrogen, and then collects it in the heat exchange medium outlet box 18, leaving the hydrogen storage device through the heat exchange medium outlet 15. During the hydrogen charging process, the volume of the solid hydrogen storage material 5 increases, causing the rotating partition plate 30 to rotate toward the non-hydrogen storage material storage area 26. The elastic element 32 undergoes compression deformation, and the volume of the hydrogen storage material storage area 31 increases, compensating for the increase in the volume of the solid hydrogen storage material 5. This prevents the hydrogen storage tank 4 from bulging.

[0069] 3) Hydrogen release from solid hydrogen storage materials

[0070] Simultaneously close the hydrogen storage material inlet pipes 24 and 23, the hydrogen storage material outlet pipes 11 and 16, and the loosening air inlet pipes 9 and 20, and open the hydrogen inlet and outlet pipes 22. The high-temperature heat exchange medium enters the heat exchange medium inlet box 10 from the heat exchange medium inlet 13, and through the distribution function of the heat exchange medium inlet box 10, enters the U-shaped heat exchange tube 3, providing heat to the solid hydrogen storage material 5 in the hydrogen storage box 4. After absorbing heat, the solid hydrogen storage material 5 releases hydrogen gas. The released hydrogen gas flows through the hydrogen gas hole 41, the hydrogen gas distribution and collection pipe 8, and the hydrogen gas channel hole 42 into the hydrogen gas distribution and collection box 2, and then leaves the hydrogen storage device through the hydrogen inlet and outlet pipes 22. The heat exchange medium, after releasing heat, collects in the heat exchange medium outlet box 18 and leaves the hydrogen storage device through the heat exchange medium outlet 15. The heat exchange medium can be water, nitrogen, air, or other fluids. After the solid hydrogen storage material 5 releases hydrogen, its volume decreases. The elastic element 32 expands and deforms under the action of elastic force, pushing the rotating partition plate 30 to rotate toward the hydrogen storage material storage area 31, so that the hydrogen storage material storage area 31 can be restored to the state before hydrogen filling as much as possible.

Claims

1. A device for solid hydrogen storage, characterized in that: It includes a cylindrical vertical tank, a hydrogen distribution and collection box, a hydrogen storage box, and a heat exchange medium distribution and collection box arranged coaxially with the vertical tank from top to bottom inside the vertical tank; the hydrogen distribution and collection box is cylindrical and is enclosed by the top plate of the vertical tank, the cylindrical wall of the vertical tank, and the bottom plate of the hydrogen distribution and collection box; the hydrogen storage box is cylindrical and located below the bottom plate of the hydrogen distribution and collection box, and is a closed space enclosed by the bottom plate of the hydrogen distribution and collection box, the cylindrical wall of the hydrogen storage box, and the top plate of the heat exchange medium distribution and collection box; the heat exchange medium distribution and collection box is cylindrical and is enclosed by the top plate of the heat exchange medium distribution and collection box, the cylindrical wall of the vertical tank, and the bottom plate of the vertical tank; a fixed cylindrical central axis is arranged coaxially with the hydrogen storage box on the top plate of the heat exchange medium distribution and collection box inside the hydrogen storage box, and a gap is maintained between the top of the central axis and the bottom plate of the hydrogen distribution and collection box; A fixed partition plate and a rotating partition plate are arranged in a cross shape on the central axis. The fixed partition plate is fixed relative to the central axis, while the rotating partition plate can rotate around the central axis. Both have the same height, which is less than or equal to the height of the central axis, and the same radial width, which is equal to the inner diameter of the hydrogen storage tank. The bottom edges of the fixed partition plate and the rotating partition plate are in the same horizontal plane. The fixed partition plate and the rotating partition plate divide the hydrogen storage tank cavity into two symmetrically arranged hydrogen storage material storage areas and two non-hydrogen storage material storage areas. The hydrogen storage material storage areas are filled with solid hydrogen storage material. A rotation starting point limit block is provided on the inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank near the rotating partition plate in the hydrogen storage material storage area. An elastic element is provided between the rotating partition plate and the fixed partition plate in the non-hydrogen storage material storage area to support the rotating partition plate and the fixed partition plate. The elastic element undergoes corresponding compression or expansion deformation as the rotating partition plate rotates. Each hydrogen storage material storage area is equipped with a hydrogen storage material inlet pipe on the bottom plate of the hydrogen distribution and collection box, and a hydrogen storage material outlet pipe on the top plate of the heat exchange medium distribution and collection box. The hydrogen storage material inlet pipe passes through the hydrogen distribution and collection box and extends to the outside of the top plate of the vertical tank, and the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe passes through the heat exchange medium distribution and collection box and extends to the outside of the bottom plate of the vertical tank. The hydrogen distribution and collection box is equipped with a hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet. Each hydrogen storage material storage area has a hydrogen channel hole on its bottom plate that communicates with the hydrogen storage box. A partition is installed inside the heat exchange medium distribution and collection box along the diameter direction of the top plate of the heat exchange medium distribution and collection box. The partition divides the heat exchange medium distribution and collection box into heat exchange medium inlet box and heat exchange medium outlet box with equal volume and symmetrical arrangement. Each heat exchange medium inlet box and heat exchange medium outlet box corresponds to a hydrogen storage material storage area. U-shaped heat exchange tubes located inside the hydrogen storage box are symmetrically installed on the top plate of the heat exchange medium distribution and collection box corresponding to each hydrogen storage material storage area. The vertical section of the U-shaped heat exchange tube is buried in the solid hydrogen storage material. The top of the U-shaped heat exchange tube connecting the vertical section of the U-shaped heat exchange tube passes through the gap between the top of the central axis and the bottom plate of the hydrogen distribution and collection box. The heat exchange medium inlet box and heat exchange medium outlet box are connected through the U-shaped heat exchange tube. The heat exchange medium inlet box is equipped with a heat exchange medium inlet, and the heat exchange medium outlet box is equipped with a heat exchange medium outlet. The heat exchange medium inlet, heat exchange medium inlet box, U-shaped heat exchange tube, heat exchange medium outlet box and heat exchange medium outlet form a closed and connected cavity, which allows the heat exchange medium to remove heat from the solid hydrogen storage material filled in the hydrogen storage tank or to replenish heat to the solid hydrogen storage material. The hydrogen distribution and collection box is not connected to either the heat exchange medium inlet box or the heat exchange medium outlet box, and the hydrogen storage box is not connected to either the heat exchange medium inlet box or the heat exchange medium outlet box.

2. The device for solid hydrogen storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outlet pipe of the hydrogen storage material is equipped with a hydrogen storage material outlet plug.

3. The device for solid hydrogen storage according to claim 2, characterized in that: The hydrogen storage material outlet plug includes a baffle, a packing seal, a baffle cylinder, and a handle. The baffle cylinder is a cylindrical tube with an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe. One end of the baffle cylinder is closed with a baffle, and the other end is open. The baffle end is inserted into the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe to prevent solid hydrogen storage material from entering the outlet pipe when not unloading. A handle, made of round steel or angle steel, is provided at the open end for installing and removing the hydrogen storage material outlet plug. A packing seal is installed in the gap between the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe and the hydrogen storage material outlet plug to prevent solid hydrogen storage material from entering the gap between them.

4. The device for solid hydrogen storage according to claim 3, characterized in that: The baffle is provided with a mounting ring at the open end. The mounting ring is a circular ring that is fitted over the baffle. A circular hole is made on the mounting ring, and a threaded hole is made at the same position on the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe so that the mounting ring can be fixed to the hydrogen storage material outlet pipe with screws.

5. The device for solid hydrogen storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen channel hole is provided with a downward-extending hydrogen distribution and collection pipe. The hydrogen distribution and collection pipe extends into the hydrogen storage material storage area of ​​the hydrogen storage tank and is buried in the solid hydrogen storage material. The wall of the hydrogen distribution and collection pipe buried in the solid hydrogen storage material is provided with hydrogen holes. The diameter of the hydrogen holes is smaller than the minimum particle size of the solid hydrogen storage material. The hydrogen distribution and collection tank is connected to the hydrogen storage tank through the hydrogen distribution and collection pipe and the hydrogen holes.

6. The device for solid hydrogen storage according to claim 5, characterized in that: One or more hydrogen pores are formed along the circumference of the wall of the hydrogen distribution and collection pipe.

7. The device for solid hydrogen storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sleeve is provided at the rotation axis of the rotating partition plate. The height of the sleeve is equal to the height of the rotating partition plate. The sleeve is fitted onto the central shaft, allowing the rotating partition plate to rotate around the central shaft. The two ends of the fixed partition plate are fixed to the inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank. It is divided into two disconnected parts by the sleeve of the rotating partition plate. A rotation seal is provided between the disconnected part and the outer wall of the sleeve.

8. The device for solid hydrogen storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating partition plate and the fixed partition plate are configured in a hinge-like manner. A sleeve is provided at the rotation axis of the rotating partition plate, and the height of the sleeve is less than the height of the rotating partition plate. The sleeve is fitted onto the central shaft, covering part of the central shaft, allowing the rotating partition plate to rotate around the central shaft. A rotation seal is provided at the contact point between the gap portion of the rotating partition plate without the sleeve and the central shaft. The fixed partition plate is fixed to the inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank at both ends. It is directly fixed to the central shaft at the point where it is divided by the central shaft, and it is broken at the point where it is divided by the sleeve of the rotating partition plate. A rotation seal is provided between the break point and the outer wall of the sleeve.

9. The device for solid hydrogen storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic element is a torsion spring, a herringbone spring, or a fishtail spring.

10. The device for solid hydrogen storage according to claim 9, characterized in that: The fishtail-type spring is a combination structure of a triangular spring and a push rod. The triangular spring has a triangular structure with a broken upper part and a connected lower part. The push rod is set on the outside of the triangular spring. One end of the push rod is fixedly connected to the small end of the triangle, and the other end extends out of the large end of the triangular spring and is fixedly connected to the rotating partition plate and the fixed partition plate respectively.

11. The device for solid hydrogen storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: A cylindrical spring shaft is installed above the top plate of the heat exchange medium distribution and collection box. The elastic element is a torsion spring, which is fixed on the spring shaft.

12. The device for solid hydrogen storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: Rotary seals are provided at the contact points between the rotating partition plate and the inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank, as well as at the contact points with the upper part of the top plate of the heat exchange medium distribution and collection tank.

13. The device for solid hydrogen storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: Within a certain range of the hydrogen storage tank inner wall near the starting point limit block in the non-hydrogen storage material storage area, a rotation end point limit block is provided to ensure that the rotating partition plate can only rotate within the angles corresponding to the starting point limit block and the rotation end point limit block.

14. The device for solid hydrogen storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the rotating partition plate and the fixed partition plate have connecting holes with a diameter smaller than the minimum particle size of the solid hydrogen storage material, so that hydrogen can flow between the non-hydrogen storage material storage area and the hydrogen storage material storage area.

15. The apparatus for solid hydrogen storage according to claim 14, characterized in that: The connecting hole on the rotating partition plate is larger than the connecting hole on the fixed partition plate.

16. The apparatus for solid hydrogen storage according to claim 14, characterized in that: A filter screen is installed on the connecting hole to prevent broken, fine solid hydrogen storage material particles from entering the non-hydrogen storage material storage area through the connecting hole. The pore size of the filter screen is smaller than the minimum particle size of the solid hydrogen storage material. The filter screen is located on one side of the rotating or fixed partition plate located in the non-hydrogen storage material storage area.

17. The device for solid hydrogen storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating and fixed partition plates are made of triangular or V-shaped screens. The triangular or V-shaped screens simultaneously act as a barrier for the solid hydrogen storage material and facilitate the flow and distribution of hydrogen. The cross-section of the triangular or V-shaped screen is V-shaped or triangular, and its gap is a wedge-shaped gap. The narrowest part of the wedge-shaped gap contacts the solid hydrogen storage material to ensure that the solid hydrogen storage material inside will not leak out of the gap. Hydrogen can pass through the wedge-shaped gap, and the narrowest part of the wedge-shaped gap is smaller than the minimum particle size of the solid hydrogen storage material.

18. The device for solid hydrogen storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: A loosening air inlet is provided on the wall of the hydrogen storage tank corresponding to the hydrogen storage material storage area.

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