A high-temperature heat exchange built-in multi-stage separation cylinder pressure balance cyclone dust collector

Abstract

The present invention discloses a high-temperature heat exchange built-in multi-stage separation cylinder pressure balance cyclone dust collector, comprising: a cavity, the bottom of the side wall of the cavity is provided with an air inlet pipe; the top of the cavity is provided with an exhaust port, and the bottom of the cavity is provided with an ash outlet; the cavity is used to make the gas generate a spiral airflow inside it; a separation cylinder, the separation cylinder is located inside the cavity; the separation cylinder is provided with at least 2 groups, which are arranged and combined in sequence from top to bottom; wherein the projection surface of the bottom of the separation cylinder located above includes the projection surface of the top of the separation cylinder located below; the separation cylinder is fixed to the cavity through a first support. When the airflow flows inside the separation cylinder, under the action of centrifugal force, each group of separation cylinders effectively separates the dust particles, improves the dust removal efficiency, and at the same time avoids a large number of dust particles from contacting the contact surface for a long time under the action of high-speed airflow, resulting in serious wear of the contact surface.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of cyclone dust collectors, and in particular to a high-temperature heat exchanger with a built-in multi-stage separation barrel and pressure balance cyclone dust collector. Background Art

[0002] Cyclone dust collector is a common gas-solid, gas-liquid, liquid-solid separation equipment. Cyclone dust collector is suitable for capturing dry non-fibrous granular dust. It has the advantages of simple structure, convenient maintenance, small footprint, easy operation, etc. It is widely used in metallurgy, casting, building materials, chemical industry, food, cement and other industries to capture granular dust and various smoke dust removal treatments.

[0003] The dust-laden gas in the cyclone dust collector generates centrifugal force during the rotation process, throwing the dust particles with larger specific gravity toward the wall. Once the dust particles come into contact with the wall, they lose their inertial force and fall along the wall by the momentum of the inlet velocity and the downward gravity into the dust collector. When the purified gas reaches the lower end of the cone, it reverses from the bottom to the top in the middle of the cyclone dust collector in the same direction of rotation, which is the internal cyclonic airflow. Finally, the purified gas is discharged from the cyclone dust collector through the exhaust pipe, and some dust particles that are not captured are also taken out.

[0004] Use cyclone dust collector to initially remove dust from dusty high-temperature airflow. If the airflow speed is too high, it will cause serious wear on the contact wall. If it is too low, the processing equipment will occupy a huge space. At the same time, there is a problem of low dust removal efficiency when removing dust from large-flow dust-laden airflows. Some dust removal efficiencies are even only about 50%.

[0005] Most cyclone dust collectors use low flow rate or adiabatic operation mode to handle high-temperature dust-laden gas, which results in low cyclone dust removal efficiency and excessively high outlet temperature. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a cyclone dust collector with a built-in multi-stage separation barrel, so as to improve the dust removal efficiency of the cyclone dust collector under the premise of low dust removal resistance and reduce the wear of the dust-containing gas on the main heating surface, so as to solve the technical problems in the prior art that the cyclone dust collector is limited in dust removal efficiency, dust removal resistance, wear, etc.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention specifically provides the following technical solutions: a high-temperature heat exchange built-in multi-stage separation drum pressure balance cyclone dust collector, comprising: a cavity, the bottom of the side wall of the cavity is provided with an air inlet pipe; the top of the cavity is provided with an air outlet, and the bottom of the cavity is provided with an ash outlet; the cavity is used to make the gas generate a spiral airflow inside it;

[0008] A separation cylinder, the separation cylinder is located inside the cavity; the separation cylinder is provided with at least two groups, which are arranged and combined in sequence from top to bottom; wherein the projection surface of the bottom of the separation cylinder located above includes the projection surface of the top of the separation cylinder located below; the separation cylinder is fixed to the cavity through a first support;

[0009] Furthermore, there is an overlapping portion between the bottom of the separation cylinder located at the top and the top of the separation cylinder located at the bottom.

[0010] Furthermore, the central axis of the separation cylinder overlaps with the central axis of the cavity.

[0011] Furthermore, holes are opened on the side wall of the separation cylinder.

[0012] Furthermore, the structure of the separation cylinder is a cylindrical structure or / and a conical structure with a large opening facing upward and a small opening facing downward.

[0013] Furthermore, the structure of the separation cylinder located at the bottom is a conical structure with a large opening facing upward and a small opening facing downward.

[0014] Furthermore, the separation cylinder with the cylindrical structure can be replaced by a separation cylinder with an open spiral cylindrical structure; wherein, the open spiral cylindrical structure is a separation cylinder whose wall is a spiral line in a cross section perpendicular to its own vertical direction; and the spiral direction of the spiral line is opposite to the spiral direction of the airflow generated after the gas enters the cavity from the air inlet pipe.

[0015] Furthermore, a pressure balance pipe is vertically arranged along the central axis of the cavity, and is used to discharge the gas at the bottom of the cavity from the exhaust port through the pressure balance pipe; the pressure balance pipe is fixed to the cavity through a second support.

[0016] Furthermore, a bell mouth is provided at the bottom of the pressure balance pipe; the bell mouth is a conical structure with a small mouth facing upward and a large mouth facing downward.

[0017] Furthermore, the top of the pressure balance pipe is higher than the horizontal plane where the upper end surface of the uppermost separation cylinder is located; and / or the bottom of the bell mouth is lower than the horizontal plane where the lower end surface of the lowermost separation cylinder is located.

[0018] Furthermore, the connection between the second support and the pressure balance tube is located at the end of the pressure balance tube; the other end of the pressure balance tube is fixed to the cavity through a fixing member, and the fixing member is used to limit the displacement of the pressure balance tube in the vertical direction, and does not limit the axial movement of the pressure balance tube.

[0019] Furthermore, the fixing member includes a sleeve and a third support; the pressure balance pipe passes through the sleeve, and the two are clearance-matched; the third support is used to fix the sleeve to the cavity.

[0020] Furthermore, the cavity is provided with a heat exchange component, or; and / or the separation cylinder is provided with a heat exchange component, or the separation cylinder is composed of a heat exchange component.

[0021] Furthermore, the heat exchange component is a spiral half-tube structure.

[0022] Furthermore, in the spiral half-tube structure, the upper half-tube is tightly fitted with the lower half-tube.

[0023] Furthermore, the heat exchange component is a membrane wall structure.

[0024] Furthermore, the cavity includes a head, a cylinder, a cone, an ash hopper head, an ash hopper cylinder and an ash hopper cone arranged from top to bottom in a vertical direction;

[0025] The exhaust port is arranged at the top of the sealing head;

[0026] The ash discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the ash hopper cone;

[0027] The separation cylinder located at the bottom is located inside the cone.

[0028] Furthermore, the ratio of the height of the cylinder to the inner diameter of the cylinder is 2.2.

[0029] Furthermore, the ratio of the area of ​​the cross section of the air inlet pipe perpendicular to its length direction to the area of ​​the cross section of the cylinder in the horizontal direction is 0.058-0.065.

[0030] Furthermore, the cross section of the air inlet pipe is rectangular; and the ratio of the height to the width of the cross section of the air inlet pipe is 0.5.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] The present invention provides a high-temperature heat exchange built-in multi-stage separation drum pressure balance cyclone dust collector, which has multiple separation drums inside. When the airflow flows inside the separation drum, each separation drum can effectively separate dust particles under the action of centrifugal force, thereby improving the dust removal efficiency.

[0033] At the same time, it prevents a large amount of dust particles from coming into contact with the contact surface for a long time under the action of high-speed airflow, causing serious wear of the contact surface.

[0034] Furthermore, the cyclone dust collector provided by the present invention is provided with a pressure balance pipe inside, which diverts the relatively clean gas in the middle position of the entire dust collector so that this part of the gas is directly discharged from the exhaust port through the pressure balance pipe.

[0035] At the same time, the relatively low temperature wall of the pressure balance tube makes it easy for dust particles in the high-temperature airflow to gather on the outer wall of the pressure balance tube, thereby enhancing the adsorption capacity of high-temperature dust particles and ensuring the stable operation of the circulating cyclone inside the dust collector.

[0036] Furthermore, the cyclone dust collector provided by the present invention is also provided with a heat exchange component to achieve high-temperature heat exchange and realize energy saving and consumption reduction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for the implementation methods or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only exemplary, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other implementation drawings can be derived from the provided drawings without creative work.

[0038] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of one embodiment of the dust collector of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the external structure of the dust collector shown;

[0040] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The structure of the fixing member is shown;

[0041] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the external structure of another embodiment of the dust collector of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the illustrated embodiment;

[0043] Figure 6 for Figure 5 The structural schematic diagram of A shown;

[0044] Figure 7 for Figure 5 The structural schematic diagram of B shown;

[0045] Figure 8 for Figure 5 The schematic diagram of the structure at C is shown;

[0046] Fig. 9 The velocity vector diagram of the numerical simulation result of Example 1 of the present invention;

[0047] Fig.10 This is a temperature distribution cloud diagram of the numerical simulation results of Example 1 of the present invention;

[0048] Fig.11 This is a particle trajectory diagram of the numerical simulation results of Example 1 of the present invention;

[0049] Fig.12 The velocity vector diagram of the numerical simulation result of Example 3 of the present invention;

[0050] Fig.13 This is a temperature distribution cloud diagram of the numerical simulation results of Example 3 of the present invention;

[0051] Fig.14 This is a particle trajectory diagram of the numerical simulation results of Example 3 of the present invention;

[0052] Fig.15 It is the relationship diagram between the ratio of the height L of the cylinder to the inner diameter D of the cylinder and the dust removal efficiency;

[0053] Fig.16 It is the relationship between the ratio of the height L of the cylinder to the inner diameter D of the cylinder and the wind resistance;

[0054] Fig.17 It is the relationship diagram between the ratio s of the flue gas inlet area S1 to the cylinder cross-sectional area S0 and the dust removal efficiency;

[0055] Fig.18 It is the relationship between the ratio s of the smoke inlet area S1 to the cylinder cross-sectional area S0 and the wind resistance;

[0056] Fig.19 It is the relationship diagram between the ratio H / W of the flue gas inlet height H to the flue gas inlet width W and the dust removal efficiency;

[0057] Fig. 20 This is the relationship diagram between the ratio H / W of the smoke inlet height H to the smoke inlet width W and the wind resistance.

[0058] The numbers in the figure represent the following:

[0059] 1- cavity, 2- exhaust port, 3- ash outlet, 4- air inlet pipe, 5- separation tube, 6- pressure balance tube, 7- heat exchange component; 11- head, 12- cylinder, 13- cone, 14- ash hopper head, 15- ash hopper cylinder, 16- ash hopper cone;

[0060] 61- bell mouth, 51- first support, 62- second support, 63- fixing piece, 64- sleeve, 65- third support, 66- pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0061] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0062] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides an implementation of a high-temperature heat exchange built-in multi-stage separation drum pressure balance cyclone dust collector, which at least includes a cavity 1 and a multi-stage separation drum built into the cavity 1.

[0063] The cavity 1 is the main structure of the cyclone dust collector, and an air inlet pipe 4 is provided at the bottom of the side wall of the cavity 1; an air outlet 2 is provided at the top of the cavity 1, and an ash outlet 3 is provided at the bottom of the cavity 1.

[0064] In this embodiment, the structure and shape of the cavity 1 are not limited, as long as the gas can flow in a relatively sealed space, it belongs to the protection scope of this application.

[0065] Meanwhile, in the following content, the cavity 1 can be understood as the shell of the entire cyclone dust collector.

[0066] The multi-stage separation cylinder is composed of at least two groups of separation cylinders 5 arranged in sequence from top to bottom. The outer wall of the separation cylinder 5 and the inner wall of the cavity 1 form the only air duct after the gas enters the cavity 1; the projection surface of the bottom of the separation cylinder 5 located above includes the projection surface of the top of the separation cylinder 5 located below, so that there is an annular ventilation duct at the edge position of the two separation cylinders 5 in the vertical direction.

[0067] In this embodiment, the shape and structure of the separation cylinder 5 are not limited, and its cross section perpendicular to its own axis can be circular or polygonal; multiple separation cylinders 5 form a multi-stage separation cylinder.

[0068] After the gas enters the cavity 1 through the air inlet pipe 4, the gas generates a spiral upward airflow under the action of the air duct between the cavity 1 and the multi-stage separation cylinder. The dust particles contained in the gas are thrown to the inner wall of the cavity 1 under the action of the centrifugal force of the spiral airflow. After the dust particles come into contact with the inner wall of the cavity 1, they lose their inertial force and spiral downward along the inner wall of the cavity 1 by the momentum of the inlet velocity and the downward gravity, thereby achieving the preliminary separation of the gas and dust particles.

[0069] After the spiraling upward gas reaches the top of the cavity 1, a portion of the gas will spiral downward under the action of the inner wall of the top of the cavity 1 and enter the multi-stage separation cylinder; in the multi-stage separation cylinder, when the airflow flows inside the separation cylinder 5, under the action of centrifugal force, each stage of the separation cylinder 5 effectively separates the dust particles, and the dust particles separated by the separation cylinder 5 located above slide downward along the inner wall of the separation cylinder 5 and are discharged through the annular ventilation duct to avoid entering the separation cylinder 5 below.

[0070] This can prevent high-density dust particles from being in contact with the contact surface (including the inner wall of the cavity 1 and the inner wall of the separation cylinder 5) for a long time under the action of the high-speed airflow, causing serious wear of the contact surface.

[0071] During the whole process, dust particles are discharged through the dust discharge port 3 at the bottom of the cavity 1, and relatively clean gas is discharged through the air discharge port 2 at the top.

[0072] A specific embodiment of the cavity 1 is provided below. Figure 1 As shown:

[0073] The cavity 1 includes a head 11, a cylinder 12, a cone 13, an ash hopper head 14, an ash hopper cylinder 15 and an ash hopper cone 16 which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom in the vertical direction; the exhaust port 2 is arranged at the top of the head 11; and the ash discharge port 3 is arranged at the bottom of the ash hopper cone 16.

[0074] The position of the separation cylinder 5 at the bottom is not limited, and it may be located inside the cylindrical body 12 or inside the conical body 13 .

[0075] Preferably, it is located inside the cone 13 .

[0076] The following is an example to illustrate the shape, quantity and position relationship of the separation cylinder 5.

[0077] The structure of the separation barrel 5 is a cylindrical structure or / and a cone 13 structure with a large opening facing upward and a small opening facing downward, that is, the separation barrels 5 in the multi-stage separation barrel can all be cylindrical structures, or all be cone 13 structures, or a combination of cylindrical structures and cone 13 structures.

[0078] The best one is, Figure 1 As shown; the separation cylinder 5 located inside the cylindrical body 12 is a cylindrical structure, and the separation cylinder 5 located inside the cone 13 is a cone 13 structure.

[0079] Furthermore, the separation cylinder 5 located at the bottom is a cone 13 structure.

[0080] The separation barrel 5 with a cone 13 structure can speed up the downward spiraling speed of the gas, accelerate the gas that originally spirals downward, and at the same time, the flow cross-sectional area becomes smaller and smaller during the process, which is conducive to forming conditions for the agglomeration of fine dust particles, and can effectively remove fine dust particles; therefore, the separation barrel 5 with a cone 13 structure as the bottom separation barrel 5 is the best choice.

[0081] There are at least two groups of separation cylinders 5 located inside the cylindrical body 12 , and at least one group of separation cylinders 5 located inside the conical body 13 .

[0082] Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the separation barrel 5 with a cylindrical structure can be replaced by a separation barrel 5 with an open spiral cylinder 12 structure; wherein, the open spiral cylinder 12 structure is a barrel wall of the separation barrel 5 that is a spiral line in a cross section perpendicular to its own vertical direction; and the spiral direction of the spiral line is opposite to the spiral direction of the airflow generated after the gas enters the cavity 1 from the air inlet pipe 4.

[0083] Compared with the separation drum 5 with a cylindrical structure, the separation drum 5 with an open spiral cylinder 12 has a longer path for the airflow inside and a better dust removal effect.

[0084] Further, in this embodiment, if Figure 1 As shown, there is an overlapping portion between the bottom of the separation cylinder 5 located above and the top of the separation cylinder 5 located below, so that the inside and outside of the multi-stage separation cylinder are relatively sealed, avoiding interference between the gas inside the multi-stage separation cylinder and the gas inside the multi-stage separation cylinder.

[0085] Further, in this embodiment, if Figure 1 As shown, the central axis of the separation cylinder 5 overlaps with the central axis of the cavity 1 , ensuring that the entire multi-stage separation cylinder is located at the center of the cavity 1 .

[0086] Furthermore, in this embodiment, holes are opened on the side wall of the separation cylinder 5 .

[0087] The holes have a certain filtering effect. During the spiral flow of gas outside the separation cylinder 5, some dust particles will directly enter the separation cylinder 5 through the holes. After passing through the holes, the speed of these dust particles decreases and they settle.

[0088] At the same time, the holes can improve the gathering function of the inner wall of the separation cylinder 5, so that the dust particles contacting the inner wall of the separation cylinder 5 will not re-enter the rotating airflow due to reflection; the dust particles are gathered through the multiple holes and will fall into pieces when the separation cylinder 5 vibrates, which can improve the dust removal efficiency.

[0089] Further, in this embodiment, if Figure 1 As shown, the separation cylinder 5 is fixed to the chamber 1 via a first support 51 .

[0090] In this embodiment, the number of first supports 51 is not limited, and each separation cylinder 5 may be fixed to the cavity 1 through one or more first supports 51 ; or multiple separation cylinders 5 may be fixed to the cavity 1 through one or more first supports 51 .

[0091] In this embodiment, the shape and structure of the first support 51 are not limited. As long as its function is to connect the separation cylinder 5 and the cavity 1 and to make the separation cylinder 5 fixed relative to the cavity 1, it falls within the protection scope of the first support 51.

[0092] In this embodiment, an embodiment of a pressure balance pipe 6 is also provided, such as Figure 1 As shown:

[0093] A pressure balance pipe 6 is vertically arranged along the central axis of the cavity 1 , and is used to discharge the gas at the bottom of the pressure balance pipe 6 from the exhaust port 2 through the pressure balance pipe 6 .

[0094] The pressure balance pipe 6 can divert relatively clean gas, and the gas located in the central part of the dust collector body (cylinder 12 and cone 13) is relatively clean; in this embodiment, it specifically refers to the central area of ​​the cone 13. The gas in this area is adsorbed into the pressure balance pipe 6 and directly discharged from the exhaust port 2, reducing the amount of airflow spiraling upward in the central part, thereby reducing the flow rate and reducing the impact on the gas spiraling downward in the separation barrel 5, which is beneficial to the gravity sedimentation of dust particles on the inner wall of the separation barrel 5.

[0095] At the same time, the side wall of the pressure balance tube 6 is a relatively low-temperature wall, and the dust particles in the high-temperature airflow are easily gathered on the outer wall of the pressure balance tube 6, which enhances the adsorption capacity of the high-temperature dust particles and makes the dust particles hang downward (in the direction of gravity) to guide the wall, ensuring that the main circulating airflow inside the multi-stage separation cylinder can operate stably.

[0096] The pressure balance pipe 6 is fixed to the cavity 1 via a second support 62 .

[0097] In this embodiment, the number of the second supports 62 is not limited, and the pressure balance pipe 6 is fixed to the cavity 1 through one or more first supports 51 .

[0098] In this embodiment, the shape and structure of the second support 62 are not limited. As long as its function is to connect the pressure balance tube 6 and the cavity 1 and make the pressure balance tube 6 fixed relative to the cavity 1, it belongs to the protection range of the first support 51.

[0099] Furthermore, in this embodiment, a bell mouth 61 is provided at the bottom of the pressure balance pipe 6; the bell mouth 61 is a cone 13 structure with a small mouth facing upward and a large mouth facing downward.

[0100] The coverage area of ​​the air inlet pipe 4 of the pressure balance pipe 6 is expanded so that the dust particles falling from above fall on the outer wall of the bell mouth 61 and slide to both sides along the outer wall under the action of the airflow, preventing the dust particles from entering the pressure balance pipe 6 with the airflow and being directly discharged through the exhaust port 2, thereby improving the dust removal efficiency.

[0101] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the top of the pressure balance pipe 6 is higher than the horizontal plane where the upper end surface of the uppermost separation cylinder 5 is located; and / or the bottom of the bell mouth 61 is lower than the horizontal plane where the lower end surface of the lowermost separation cylinder 5 is located.

[0102] If the top of the pressure balance pipe 6 is lower than the horizontal plane of the upper end surface of the uppermost separation cylinder 5, the clean gas discharged from the pressure balance pipe 6 will be adsorbed into the separation cylinder 5 again under the action of the gas spirally entering the separation cylinder 5 downward.

[0103] The bottom of the bell mouth 61 is higher than the horizontal plane of the lower end surface of the separation cylinder 5 located at the bottom, so that part of the gas in the shell still containing a lot of dust is adsorbed into the pressure balance pipe 6, affecting the dust removal efficiency.

[0104] In this embodiment, the pressure balance pipe 6 is arranged vertically. The temperature difference inside the dust collector is large when it is in use and when it is not in use. Based on the principle of thermal expansion and contraction, the pressure balance pipe 6 may be telescopically displaced along its own axis. In view of this situation, the present application provides a specific method for fixing the pressure balance pipe 6, such as Figure 1 As shown:

[0105] The connection between the second support 62 and the pressure balance tube 6 is located at one end of the pressure balance tube 6 ; the other end of the pressure balance tube 6 is fixed to the cavity 1 via a fixing member 63 .

[0106] Among them, the fixing part 63 is used to limit the displacement of the pressure balance tube 6 in the vertical direction, and does not limit the axial movement of the pressure balance tube 6, so that the pressure balance tube 6 can be fixed at the axial position of the cavity 1, and when the pressure balance tube 6 expands and contracts due to heat, the pressure balance tube 6 can expand and contract along its own axial direction.

[0107] The specific positions of the second support 62 and the fixing member 63 relative to the pressure balance tube 6 are not limited; preferably, the connection between the second support 62 and the pressure balance tube 6 is located at the bottom of the pressure balance tube 6; the top of the pressure balance tube 6 is fixed to the cavity 1 by the fixing member 63.

[0108] Furthermore, the present application provides an embodiment of the fixing member 63, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown:

[0109] The fixing member 63 includes a sleeve 64 and a third support 65; the pressure balance tube 6 passes through the sleeve 64, and the two are clearance-matched so that the pressure balance tube 6 can slide relatively inside the sleeve 64; the third support 65 is used to fix the sleeve 64 to the cavity 1.

[0110] In this embodiment, the number of the third supports 65 is not limited, and the pressure balance pipe 6 is fixed to the cavity 1 via one or more first supports 51 .

[0111] In this embodiment, the shape and structure of the third support 65 are not limited. As long as its function is to connect the pressure balance tube 6 and the cavity 1 and make the pressure balance tube 6 fixed relative to the cavity 1, it belongs to the protection range of the first support 51.

[0112] In this embodiment, in order to achieve high-temperature heat exchange and realize the purpose of energy saving and consumption reduction, a heat exchange component 7 is provided on the heating surface of the cavity 1 or the cavity 1 is composed of the heat exchange component 7; a heat exchange component 7 can be provided on the heating surface of the separation cylinder 5 or the separation cylinder 5 is composed of the heat exchange component 7; a heat exchange component 7 is provided on the heating surface of the pressure balance pipe 6 or the pressure balance pipe 6 is composed of the heat exchange component 7.

[0113] In this embodiment, there are mainly the following heat exchange methods:

[0114] 1) A heat exchange component 7 is provided on the heating surface of the cavity 1; wherein the heating surface includes one or more of the heating surface of the head 11, the heating surface of the cylinder 12, the heating surface of the cone 13, the heating surface of the hopper head 14, the heating surface of the hopper cylinder 15 and the heating surface of the hopper cone 16; or the cavity 1 is composed of the heat exchange component 7.

[0115] 2) The heating surfaces of one or more separation tubes 5 in the multi-stage separation tube are all provided with heat exchange components 7; or one or more separation tubes 5 are composed of heat exchange components 7; or the heating surfaces of some separation tubes 5 are provided with heat exchange components 7, and some separation tubes 5 are composed of heat exchange components 7.

[0116] 3) The heating surfaces of the pressure balance pipe 6 are all provided with the heat exchange components 7 or the pressure balance pipe 6 is composed of the heat exchange components 7 .

[0117] The above three heat exchange modes can exist independently or simultaneously.

[0118] The heat exchange component 7 adopts a spiral half-tube structure or a membrane wall structure.

[0119] When a spiral half-tube structure is used as the separation tube 5, the upper half-tube fits tightly with the lower half-tube.

[0120] The following is an explanation with reference to specific examples.

[0121] Example 1: Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, when the flue gas temperature is below 800° C., the separation tube 5 can be made of high-temperature resistant stainless steel, and the heat exchange component 7 uses a spiral half tube, which is wound on the heating surface (outer surface) of the cavity 1.

[0122] Embodiment 2: When the flue gas temperature is above 800°C, the separation tube 5 is a spiral half-tube structure, the upper half-tube and the lower half-tube are tightly fitted together to form a sealed cylindrical body 12, and the spiral half-tube is made of a carbon steel small diameter (such as DN10 or DN8 specification pipe) pipe 66; the heat exchange component 7 adopts a spiral half-tube, which is wound on the heating surface (outer surface) of the cavity 1; the spiral half-tube inside the cavity 1 and the spiral half-tube outside the cavity 1 are interconnected, or form a cooling circulation water circuit separately.

[0123] In this embodiment, a spiral half-tube can also be wound on the heating surface (outer surface) of the separation cylinder 5; the spiral half-tube inside the cavity 1 and the spiral half-tube outside the cavity 1 are interconnected, or independently form a cooling circulation water circuit.

[0124] Example 3: Figure 4-Figure 8 As shown, when the flue gas temperature is above 800°C, the pressure balance tube 6, the separation tube 5 and the cavity 1 are all membrane wall structures, wherein the water-cooled wall tubes of the pressure balance tube 6, the water-cooled wall tubes of the separation tube 5 and the water-cooled wall tubes of the cavity 1 are connected to each other through the pipe 66.

[0125] In this embodiment, the water-cooled wall tubes of adjacent separation cylinders 5 are interconnected through pipes 66, so that the multi-section separation cylinders form a whole; the water-cooled wall tubes of the uppermost separation cylinder 5 and the water-cooled wall tubes of the lowermost separation cylinder 5 are respectively connected to the water-cooled wall tubes of the cavity 1 through pipes 66; the entire multi-section separation cylinder can be fixed inside the cavity 1 through pipes 66, and the first support 51 can be omitted.

[0126] In this embodiment, the water-cooled wall tubes at the top and bottom of the pressure balance tube 6 are connected to the water-cooled wall tubes of the cavity 1 through pipes 66 respectively. Similarly, this part of the pipe 66 also fixes the pressure balance tube 6, and the second support 62 and the fixing member 63 can be omitted.

[0127] In this embodiment, the water-cooled wall tubes in the membrane wall structure are vertically distributed. Compared with embodiment 2, the dust collector provided by embodiment 3 has a larger heat transfer capacity and better pressure bearing capacity.

[0128] The dust collectors provided in Examples 2 and 3 can also be used for dust removal in flue gas environments below 800°C.

[0129] The simulation data for Example 1 is provided below.

[0130] The DPM numerical simulation was carried out under the following conditions: the inlet gas velocity was 32.8 m / s, the maximum particle diameter was 0.679 mm, the minimum particle diameter was 0.002 mm, the average particle diameter was 0.024 mm, the particle size was assumed to conform to the Rosin-Rammler distribution, the number of particle sizes was 10, and the simulated gas medium was air. The simulation results show that the air temperature at the exhaust port 2 is 506 K, which is 35.7% lower than the air temperature at the inlet pipe 4, the outlet air resistance is 599 Pa, and the dust removal efficiency exceeds 80%. Compared with the hot state DPM numerical simulation results of the cyclone dust collector without the layered design of the separation barrel 5, the dust removal efficiency is increased by 72%.

[0131] Hot DPM numerical simulation results Velocity vector Fig. 9 In the figure, air enters the lower separation cylinder 5 tangentially from the air inlet pipe 4. It can be found that part of the air in the upper separation cylinder 5 enters the exhaust port 2, and another part of the air refluxes and enters the conical separation cylinder 5. Part of the gas in the cone 13 flows along the edge of the cone 13 and enters the exhaust port 2 through the outer channels of the conical separation cylinder 5, the lower separation cylinder 5, the middle separation cylinder 5, and the upper separation cylinder 5 in sequence. Part of the air enters from the pressure balance bell mouth 61 and enters the exhaust port 2 through the pressure balance pipe 6.

[0132] Temperature distribution cloud of hot DPM numerical simulation results Fig.10 The medium and high temperature air presents a relatively high temperature on the outside of the wall of the air inlet pipe 4 and the lower separation cylinder 5 surrounding the pressure balance pipe 6. The temperature of most other internal areas of the dust collector body (cylinder 12 and cone 13) is relatively uniform, and an obvious and relatively large temperature difference area is formed between the dust collector body (cylinder 12 and cone 13) and the ash hopper (ash hopper cylinder 15 and ash hopper cone 16).

[0133] Particle tracing line of hot DPM numerical simulation results Fig.11 The trajectory of the tracer particles is shown in the figure, with solid lines (streamlines) reflecting the movement of the particles.

[0134] The simulation data for Example 3 is provided below.

[0135] DPM numerical simulation was performed, the simulated gas flow was the same as in Example 1, the inlet temperature was 787K, the simulation conditions were inlet gas velocity of 30.2m / s, the maximum particle diameter was 0.679mm, the minimum particle diameter was 0.002mm, the average particle diameter was 0.024mm, the particle size was assumed to conform to the Rosin-Rammler distribution, the particle size number was 10, and the simulated gas medium was air. Figure 12-14 As shown, the simulation results show that the air temperature at the exhaust port 2 is 511K, the outlet air resistance is 462Pa, and the dust removal efficiency exceeds 80%.

[0136] Some key dimensional data of the dust collector in this embodiment are described below.

[0137] The dust removal function of the cyclone dust collector is closely related to its external structure, which mainly includes external structure and internal structure. The external structure is mainly reflected in:

[0138] 1) The height of the cylinder 12 matches the cylinder diameter. Preferably, the ratio of the height of the cylinder 12 to the inner diameter of the cylinder 12 is 2.2.

[0139] like Fig.15 and Fig.16 The more turns there are, the more opportunities there are for the dust to come into contact with the inner wall of the separation tube 5, and thus the better the dust removal efficiency.

[0140] 2) The smoke cross-sectional area of ​​the air inlet pipe 4 matches the cross-sectional area of ​​the cylinder 12. Preferably, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of ​​the air inlet pipe 4 perpendicular to its length direction to the cross-sectional area of ​​the cylinder 12 in the horizontal direction is 0.058-0.065.

[0141] like Fig.17 and Fig.18 As shown, the flue gas cross-sectional area at the air inlet pipe 4 is closely related to the air flow velocity. The larger the cross-sectional area, the smaller the air flow inlet velocity, the smaller the air flow centrifugal force, and the dust particles are not easy to contact the inner wall of the separation cylinder 5, which reduces the dust removal efficiency; however, as the cross-sectional area becomes smaller, the air flow velocity increases, and the gas resistance increases. Therefore, in the design optimization of cyclone dust removal, it is necessary to take into account both the dust removal efficiency and the flue gas resistance, so as to obtain the optimal design flue gas cross-sectional area.

[0142] 3) The structure of the air inlet pipe 4 affects the performance of the cyclone dust collector. Preferably, the cross section of the air inlet pipe 4 is rectangular; the ratio of the height to the width of the cross section of the air inlet pipe 4 is 0.5.

[0143] like Fig.19 and Fig. 20 As shown in the figure, in the process of studying the flue gas cross-sectional area, numerical simulation shows that for flue gas cross-sections of the same area, different structures will have different effects on dust removal efficiency and flue gas resistance.

[0144] The present invention optimizes the rectangular structure, the height and width of the cross section of the air inlet pipe 4, and obtains the optimal solution through numerical simulation of heat transfer of the hot dust removal belt.

[0145] Numerical simulations show that the effect of the height of the cylinder 12 on dust removal is not linear, and the effect of the inlet aspect ratio on dust removal is not linear either. Experiments or numerical simulations are needed to obtain the optimal solution.

[0146] The total amount of simulated flue gas, temperature and dust conditions are consistent with the inlet conditions of Example 1 and Example 3. The flue gas directly passes through the inner separation drum for rotary dust removal. The inner separation drum is not segmented and optimized, and there is no simulation test result of the pressure balance pipe. The results of the internal device optimization will be improved, the dust removal efficiency will be further improved, and the flue gas resistance will be further reduced.

[0147] The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. The protection scope of the present application is defined by the claims. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or equivalent substitutions to the present application within the essence and protection scope of the present application, and such modifications or equivalent substitutions shall also be deemed to fall within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A high-temperature heat exchange built-in multi-stage separation cylinder pressure balance cyclone dust collector, characterized in that: include: A cavity (1), wherein an air outlet (2) is provided at the top of the cavity (1), and an ash outlet (3) is provided at the bottom of the cavity (1); an air inlet pipe (4) is provided on the side wall of the cavity (1); A separation cylinder (5), the separation cylinder (5) being located inside the cavity (1); the separation cylinder (5) is provided with at least two groups, which are arranged and assembled in sequence from top to bottom; The projection surface of the bottom of the separation cylinder (5) located at the top includes the projection surface of the top of the separation cylinder (5) located at the bottom; the top of the separation cylinder (5) located at the top is close to the top of the cavity (1), and the bottom of the separation cylinder (5) located at the bottom is lower than the inlet of the air inlet pipe (4); The gas entering from the air inlet pipe (4) spirals upward in the space between the cavity (1) and the separation cylinder (5) to form a spiral airflow; after the spiral airflow rises to the top of the cavity (1), it spirals downward in sequence through the plurality of separation cylinders (5); the spiral airflow can contact the inner wall of the cavity (1) and the inner wall of the separation cylinder (5) to remove dust.

2. The high-temperature heat exchange built-in multi-stage separation drum pressure balance cyclone dust collector according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The separation cylinder (5) is fixed to the chamber (1) via a first support (51); The central axis of the separation cylinder (5) overlaps with the central axis of the chamber (1), and the bottom of the separation cylinder (5) located above and the top of the separation cylinder (5) located below have overlapping portions.

3. The high-temperature heat exchange built-in multi-stage separation drum pressure balance cyclone dust collector according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The side wall of the separation cylinder (5) is provided with holes.

4. The high-temperature heat exchange built-in multi-stage separation drum pressure balance cyclone dust collector according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The structure of the separation cylinder (5) is a cylindrical structure or / and a conical (13) structure with a large opening facing upward and a small opening facing downward; wherein the structure of the separation cylinder (5) located at the bottom is a conical (13) structure with a large opening facing upward and a small opening facing downward.

5. The high-temperature heat exchange built-in multi-stage separation drum pressure balance cyclone dust collector according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The separation barrel (5) with a cylindrical structure can be replaced by a separation barrel (5) with an open spiral cylinder (12) structure; The structure of the open spiral cylinder (12) is that the cylinder wall of the separation cylinder (5) is in the form of a spiral line in a cross section perpendicular to its own vertical direction; and the spiral direction of the spiral line is opposite to the spiral direction of the airflow generated after the gas enters the cavity (1) from the air inlet pipe (4).

6. The high-temperature heat exchange built-in multi-stage separation drum pressure balance cyclone dust collector according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: A pressure balance pipe (6) is vertically arranged along the central axis of the cavity (1) and is used to discharge the gas at the bottom of the cavity (1) from the exhaust port (2) through the pressure balance pipe (6); the pressure balance pipe (6) is fixed to the cavity (1) via a second support (62).

7. The high-temperature heat exchange built-in multi-stage separation drum pressure balance cyclone dust collector according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The bottom of the pressure balance pipe (6) is provided with a bell mouth (61); the bell mouth (61) is a cone (13) structure with a small mouth facing upward and a large mouth facing downward; The top of the pressure balance pipe (6) is higher than the horizontal plane where the upper end surface of the uppermost separation cylinder (5) is located; and / or the bottom of the bell mouth (61) is lower than the horizontal plane where the lower end surface of the lowermost separation cylinder (5) is located.

8. The high-temperature heat exchange built-in multi-stage separation drum pressure balance cyclone dust collector according to claim 7, characterized in that: The connection point between the second support (62) and the pressure balance tube (6) is located at the end of the pressure balance tube (6); the other end of the pressure balance tube (6) is fixed to the cavity (1) via a fixing member (63), and the fixing member (63) is used to limit the displacement of the pressure balance tube (6) in the vertical direction, and does not limit the axial movement of the pressure balance tube (6).

9. The high-temperature heat exchange built-in multi-stage separation drum pressure balance cyclone dust collector according to claim 8, characterized in that: The fixing member (63) comprises a sleeve (64) and a third support (65); the pressure balance pipe (6) passes through the sleeve (64), and the two are clearance-matched; the third support (65) is used to fix the sleeve (64) and the cavity (1).

10. The high-temperature heat exchange built-in multi-stage separation drum pressure balance cyclone dust collector according to claim 1 or 9, characterized in that: A heat exchange component (7) is provided on the heating surface of the cavity (1) or the cavity (1) is composed of the heat exchange component (7); and / or a heat exchange component (7) is provided on the heating surface of one or more of the separation cylinders (5) and / or one or more of the separation cylinders (5) is composed of a heat exchange component (7); And / or a heat exchange component (7) is provided on the heating surface of the pressure balance pipe (6) or the pressure balance pipe (6) is composed of the heat exchange component (7).

11. The high-temperature heat exchange built-in multi-stage separation drum pressure balance cyclone dust collector according to claim 10, characterized in that: The heat exchange component (7) is a spiral half-tube structure, wherein the upper half-tube is tightly fitted with the lower half-tube; Or the heat exchange component (7) is a membrane wall structure.

12. The high-temperature heat exchange built-in multi-stage separation drum pressure balance cyclone dust collector according to claim 1 or 11, characterized in that: The cavity (1) comprises a sealing head (11), a cylinder (12), a cone (13), an ash hopper sealing head (14), an ash hopper cylinder (15) and an ash hopper cone (16) which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom along a vertical direction; The air outlet (2) is arranged at the top of the sealing head (11); the ash outlet (3) is arranged at the bottom of the ash hopper cone (16); wherein the separation cylinder (5) located at the bottom is located inside the cone (13).

13. The high-temperature heat exchange built-in multi-stage separation drum pressure balance cyclone dust collector according to claim 12, characterized in that: The ratio of the height of the cylindrical body (12) to the inner diameter of the cylindrical body (12) is 2.2; The ratio of the area of ​​the cross section of the air inlet pipe (4) perpendicular to its length direction to the area of ​​the cross section of the cylinder (12) in the horizontal direction is 0.058-0.065; The cross section of the air inlet pipe (4) is rectangular; the ratio of the height to the width of the cross section of the air inlet pipe (4) is 0.5.

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