A device and method for preparing layered lightweight high-strength metal material

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of metal composite material manufacturing, and specifically relates to a device and method for preparing a layered lightweight high-strength metal material. The device includes a vacuum hot press and a hot extrusion die arranged in the vacuum hot press, wherein the hot extrusion die includes an upper die, a middle die and a lower die, and the middle die is provided with a plurality of hot extrusion cavities, and each hot extrusion cavity is provided with an upper die and a lower die arranged up and down. The vacuum hot press drives the lower die and the upper die to perform relative movement, thereby realizing a hot extrusion process of a single industrial pure metal plate in the hot extrusion cavity, obtaining industrial pure metal sheets with high throughput, and realizing a hot extrusion process of multiple layers of industrial pure metal sheets in the hot extrusion cavity, obtaining layered metal test plates with high throughput. The present invention can effectively obtain the microstructure of layered metal with coarse grains and fine grains alternately superimposed, and then form a macroscopic high-strength and plastic layered configuration material with both high strength and plasticity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of metal composite material manufacturing, and specifically relates to a device and method for preparing a layered lightweight high-strength metal material. Background Art

[0002] High-strength plastic layered material is an emerging metal material with the advantages of light weight, high strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and high temperature resistance. High-strength plastic layered material is mainly used as a structural material for key components of aerospace engines. It can also be used as a preformed material for superplastic forming to prepare parts for aviation and aerospace engines, as well as wings and shells of ultra-high-speed aircraft. During the preparation process of high-strength plastic layered material, the metal grains are flattened, the grain structure becomes a fibrous structure, and intergranular impurities also form forging streamlines. The microscopic metal grains are flattened and strengthened, while the macroscopic embodiment improves strength. However, the plasticity and toughness of this metal material will decrease accordingly. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a metal material preparation device and method with both strength and plasticity to lay the foundation for subsequent microscopic stress and deformation microstructure analysis. Summary of the invention

[0003] In response to the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and method for preparing layered lightweight high-strength metal materials, which can effectively obtain the microstructure of layered metal with alternating coarse crystals and fine crystals, and then form a macroscopic high-strength and plastic layered configuration material with both high strength and plasticity.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] On the one hand, the present invention provides a layered lightweight high-strength metal material preparation device, including a vacuum hot press and a hot extrusion die arranged in the vacuum hot press, wherein the hot extrusion die includes an upper die, a middle die and a lower die, the middle die is provided with a plurality of hot extrusion cavities, each hot extrusion cavity is provided with an upper die and a lower die arranged up and down, and the vacuum hot press drives the lower die and the upper die to perform relative movement to realize the hot extrusion process of a single industrial pure metal plate in the hot extrusion cavity to obtain a high-throughput industrial pure metal sheet, and realizes the hot extrusion process of multiple industrial pure metal sheets in the hot extrusion cavity to obtain a high-throughput layered metal test plate.

[0006] In one possible implementation, the hot extrusion cavity is a cylindrical hole that passes through from top to bottom, the upper part of the cylindrical hole is a guide hole, and the lower part is a micro-gap fitting hole, and the diameter of the guide hole is larger than the diameter of the micro-gap fitting hole, and the upper port of the guide hole is provided with a large rounded corner of the upper opening of the middle mold.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the longitudinal cross-section of the upper mold is a T-shaped structure including a large cylindrical surface of the upper mold and a small cylindrical surface of the upper mold, the upper and bottom of the large cylindrical surface of the upper mold are respectively an upper plane of the upper mold and a middle plane of the upper mold, a small fillet of the upper mold is provided between the middle plane of the upper mold and the small cylindrical surface of the upper mold, the radius of the small fillet of the upper mold is smaller than the radius of the large fillet of the upper mouth of the middle mold; the small cylindrical surface of the upper mold is gap-matched with the micro-gap matching hole of the hot extrusion cavity; the bottom of the small cylindrical surface of the upper mold is the lower plane of the upper mold.

[0008] In a possible implementation, the lower mold is cylindrical, and the lower molds in each hot extrusion cavity have the same diameter and different heights.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the vacuum hot press includes a vacuum chamber, a column, a base, an upper pressure head, a lower pressure head and a lower pressure head lifting drive part, wherein the vacuum chamber is connected to the base through the column, an upper pressure head is arranged on the inner top of the vacuum chamber, the lower pressure head lifting drive part is arranged in the base, the output end of the lower pressure head lifting drive part passes through the bottom of the vacuum chamber and is connected to the lower pressure head, the hot extrusion die is placed on the lower pressure head, and the lower pressure head lifting drive part drives the lower pressure head to rise and fall, thereby realizing the hot extrusion process of the hot extrusion die between the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head.

[0010] In one possible implementation, a bellows is provided on the outer side of the output end of the lower pressure head lifting drive part, and both ends of the bellows are respectively connected to the vacuum chamber and the lower pressure head lifting drive part; the vacuum chamber is provided with a vacuum door, and the vacuum door has a quartz observation window.

[0011] Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a device using the layered lightweight high-strength metal material as described above, comprising the following steps:

[0012] Step S1: performing a pre-annealing process on the industrial pure metal plate;

[0013] Step S2: removing the oxide layer on the surface of the industrial pure metal plate after the pre-annealing process;

[0014] Step S3: In a vacuum heating environment, a vacuum hot press drives a hot extrusion die to complete a hot extrusion process of an industrial pure metal plate, and obtains industrial pure metal sheets of equal diameter and different thicknesses with high throughput;

[0015] Step S4: Under a vacuum heating environment, a vacuum hot press drives a hot extrusion die to complete a hot extrusion process of a multi-layer industrial pure metal sheet, and obtains a layered metal test plate with light weight and high strength characteristics in a high throughput.

[0016] In a possible implementation, in step S1, the annealing temperature of the pre-annealing process is 500 to 800°C, the annealing time is 1 to 10 hours, and the pre-annealing controls the grain size range to 10 to 200 μm.

[0017] In a possible implementation, the process of obtaining an industrial pure metal sheet by vacuum hot extrusion of a hot extrusion die comprises the following steps:

[0018] Step C1: placing the middle mold on the lower pressing head;

[0019] Step C2: lower molds of different heights are placed in the hot extrusion cavities of the middle mold respectively;

[0020] Step C3: placing industrial pure metal plates of equal thickness and different diameters and subjected to a pre-annealing process above the lower die in each hot extrusion cavity;

[0021] Step C4: introducing the upper mold into each hot extrusion cavity respectively, so that the upper mold contacts the upper pressing head;

[0022] Step C5: establishing a vacuum atmosphere in the vacuum chamber and performing vacuum heating;

[0023] Step C6: The lower ram lifting driving part drives the lower ram to rise and pressurize until the middle die and the upper die are positioned and stopped, completing the vacuum hot extrusion process to obtain multiple industrial pure metal sheets with the same diameter and different thicknesses.

[0024] In a possible implementation, the process of obtaining a layered metal test plate by vacuum hot extrusion of a hot extrusion die comprises the following steps:

[0025] Step D1: placing the middle mold on the lower pressing head;

[0026] Step D2: lower molds of different heights are placed in the hot extrusion cavities of the middle mold respectively;

[0027] Step D3: placing multiple layers of industrial pure metal sheets of equal diameter and unequal thickness on top of the lower die in each hot extrusion cavity;

[0028] Step D4: introducing the upper mold into each hot extrusion cavity respectively, so that the upper mold contacts the upper pressing head;

[0029] Step D5: Establishing a vacuum atmosphere in the vacuum chamber and performing vacuum heating;

[0030] Step D6: The lower pressure head lifting driving part drives the lower pressure head to rise and pressurize until the middle mold and the upper mold are positioned and stopped, completing the vacuum hot extrusion process to obtain multiple layered metal test plates with the same diameter and different thicknesses.

[0031] The advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention provides a layered lightweight high-strength metal material preparation device and method, which can effectively obtain a layered metal microstructure with coarse crystals and fine crystals alternately superimposed, thereby forming a high-strength and plastic layered configuration material with both high strength and plasticity. By controlling the different metal grain sizes, different layer thickness parameters, and different layered structures, a layered metal test plate with coarse crystals and fine crystals alternately superimposed with a complete and continuous layered interface is obtained for subsequent microscopic stress and deformation microstructure analysis.

[0032] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and partly become apparent from the description, or understood by practicing the present invention. The purpose and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained by the structures particularly pointed out in the written description and the accompanying drawings.

[0033] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a device for preparing a layered lightweight high-strength metal material according to the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 This is an axonometric diagram of a device for preparing a layered lightweight high-strength metal material according to the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 An exploded view of the hot extrusion die of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the state of the hot extrusion die before hot extrusion of a single industrial pure metal plate in the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A partial enlarged view of the middle part;

[0040] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the state after the hot extrusion die in the present invention hot extrudes a single industrial pure metal plate;

[0041] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of obtaining a layered metal test plate by hot extrusion of multiple layers of industrial pure metal sheets by a hot extrusion die in the present invention;

[0042] Figure 8 for Figure 7 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of point B in the middle.

[0043] In the figure: 1-industrial pure metal plate, 11-first industrial pure metal plate, 12-second industrial pure metal plate, 13-third industrial pure metal plate, 14-fourth industrial pure metal plate, 2-upper mold, 21-first upper mold, 22-second upper mold, 23-third upper mold, 24-fourth upper mold, 201-upper mold upper plane, 202-upper mold large cylindrical surface, 203-upper mold middle plane, 204-upper mold small fillet, 205-upper mold small cylindrical surface, 206-upper mold lower plane, 3-middle mold, 301-guide hole, 302-micro clearance matching hole, 303-middle mold upper end surface, 304-middle mold The lower end face of the tool, 305-large rounded corner on the upper mouth of the middle mold, 4-lower mold, 41-first lower mold, 42-second lower mold, 43-third lower mold, 44-fourth lower mold, 401-upper end face of the lower mold, 402-side of the lower mold, 403-bottom surface of the lower mold, 5-vacuum hot press, 501-vacuum chamber, 502-column, 503-base, 504-vacuum door, 505-quartz observation window, 506-upper pressure head, 507-lower pressure head, 508-bellows, 509-lower pressure head lifting and driving part, 7-industrial pure metal sheet, 8-layered metal test plate, 801-plastic layer, 802-strength layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0045] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0046] An embodiment of the present invention provides a device for preparing a layered lightweight high-strength metal material, which can effectively realize the microstructure of a layered metal with alternating coarse grains and fine grains, thereby forming a high-strength and high-plastic layered material with both high strength and plasticity. Figures 1 to 8As shown, the layered lightweight high-strength metal material preparation device includes a vacuum hot press 5 and a hot extrusion die arranged in the vacuum hot press 5, wherein the hot extrusion die includes an upper die 2, a middle die 3 and a lower die 4, the middle die 3 is provided with a plurality of hot extrusion cavities, each hot extrusion cavity is provided with an upper die 2 and a lower die 4 arranged up and down, and the vacuum hot press 5 drives the lower die 4 and the upper die 2 to perform relative movement, thereby realizing the hot extrusion process of a single industrial pure metal plate 1 in the hot extrusion cavity, and obtaining an industrial pure metal sheet 7 with high throughput, and realizing the hot extrusion process of multiple industrial pure metal sheets 7 in the hot extrusion cavity, and obtaining a layered metal test plate 8 with high throughput.

[0047] See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, in the embodiment of the present invention, the vacuum hot press machine 5 includes a vacuum chamber 501, a column 502, a base 503, an upper pressure head 506, a lower pressure head 507 and a lower pressure head lifting drive part 509, wherein the vacuum chamber 501 is connected to the base 503 through the column 502, the upper pressure head 506 is arranged on the inner top of the vacuum chamber 501, the lower pressure head lifting drive part 509 is arranged in the base 503, the output end of the lower pressure head lifting drive part 509 passes through the bottom of the vacuum chamber 501 and is connected to the lower pressure head 507, the hot extrusion die is placed on the lower pressure head 507, and the lower pressure head lifting drive part 509 drives the lower pressure head 507 to rise and fall, thereby realizing the hot extrusion process of the hot extrusion die between the upper pressure head 506 and the lower pressure head 507.

[0048] Furthermore, a bellows 508 is sleeved on the outer side of the output end of the lower pressure head lifting drive part 509, and the two ends of the bellows 508 are respectively connected to the vacuum chamber 501 and the lower pressure head lifting drive part 509, and the bellows 508 effectively seals the vacuum chamber 501; the vacuum chamber 501 is provided with a vacuum door 504, and the vacuum door 504 has a quartz observation window 505, through which the hot extrusion conditions in the vacuum chamber 501 are observed.

[0049] See also Figures 3 to 5 As shown, in the embodiment of the present invention, the hot extrusion cavity on the middle mold 3 is a cylindrical hole that passes through from top to bottom, the upper part of the cylindrical hole is a guide hole 301, and the lower part is a micro-gap matching hole 302, and the diameter of the guide hole 301 is larger than the diameter of the micro-gap matching hole 302, and the upper end of the guide hole 301 is provided with a large rounded corner 305 of the upper end of the middle mold. The top and bottom of the middle mold 3 are the upper end face 303 of the middle mold and the lower end face 304 of the middle mold, respectively.

[0050] See also Figure 4 , Figure 5As shown, in the embodiment of the present invention, the longitudinal section of the upper mold 2 is a T-shaped structure including a large cylindrical surface 202 of the upper mold and a small cylindrical surface 205 of the upper mold. The upper and bottom parts of the large cylindrical surface 202 of the upper mold are respectively an upper plane 201 of the upper mold and a middle plane 203 of the upper mold. A small fillet 204 of the upper mold is provided between the middle plane 203 of the upper mold and the small cylindrical surface 205 of the upper mold. The radius of the small fillet 204 of the upper mold is smaller than the radius of the large fillet 305 of the upper opening of the middle mold. The small cylindrical surface 205 of the upper mold is clearance-matched with the micro-clearance fitting hole 302 of the hot extrusion cavity. The bottom part of the small cylindrical surface 205 of the upper mold is a lower plane 206 of the upper mold. During hot extrusion, the lower plane 206 of the upper mold contacts the industrial pure metal plate 1.

[0051] In an embodiment of the present invention, the lower mold 4 is cylindrical, and the diameters of the lower molds 4 in each hot extrusion cavity are the same and the heights are different, so as to achieve diversified forms of the extrusion space size between the lower mold 4 and the upper mold 2, and then obtain industrial pure metal sheets 7 of different thicknesses through different extrusion pressures, and the fiber structure of the industrial pure metal sheets 7 is uniform.

[0052] Specifically, see Figures 3 to 5 As shown, the materials of the upper mold 2, the middle mold 3 and the lower mold 4 are all customized graphite molds with a pressure resistance of 45±3MPa. The middle mold 3 contains m hot extrusion cavities, and the diameter of the hot extrusion cavity is D. The gap between the guide hole 301 and the small cylindrical surface 205 of the upper mold is 0.2mm, and the gap between the micro-gap matching hole 302 and the small cylindrical surface 205 of the upper mold is 0.005mm. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of difficult micro-gap assembly, a larger diameter guide hole 301 and a large rounded corner 305 on the upper mouth of the middle mold are designed. The guide assembly is performed through the large rounded corner 305 on the upper mouth of the middle mold and the guide hole 301, and the assembly of the small cylindrical surface 205 of the upper mold and the micro-gap matching hole 302, as well as the assembly of the lower mold 4 and the middle mold 3 are easily completed. The upper mold 2 is a rotating body, and the m upper molds 2 have the same shape. The lower mold 4 is a cylinder, with m in number and different heights, and the lower mold 4 is clearance-matched with the micro-gap matching hole 302. The heights of the m lower molds 4 are s1, s2, s3, s4, ... s m Each lower die 4 comprises an upper end surface 401, a side surface 402 and a bottom surface 403. The upper end surface 401 of the lower die contacts the industrial pure metal plate 1, and the bottom surface 403 of the lower die contacts the upper surface of the lower pressing head 507. The industrial pure metal plate 1 is a titanium plate, an aluminum plate, a titanium aluminum alloy, or any metal or metal alloy. The diameters of the m industrial pure metal plates 1 are d1, d2, d3, d4, ..., d m , the thickness is H.

[0053] In this embodiment, the number of hot extrusion cavities on the middle die 3 is four, and four industrial pure metal plates 1 are vacuum hot extruded each time. There are four upper dies 2, namely the first upper die 21, the second upper die 22, the third upper die 23 and the fourth upper die 24. There are four lower dies 4, namely the first lower die 41, the second lower die 42, the third lower die 43 and the fourth lower die 44. Preferably, the vacuum hot press 5 adopts a vacuum flat hot press of model VHP5000N-2, which has conventional vacuum flat hot press functions such as temperature control, water cooling, vacuum atmosphere preparation, pressure control and displacement control, and the working temperature can reach 500°C and the working pressure can reach 5000N.

[0054] See also Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, in the embodiment of the present invention, the hot extrusion die performs hot extrusion on four industrial pure metal plates 1 with diameters of d1, d2, d3, and d4, respectively, and the thickness of the four industrial pure metal plates 1 is H. Before hot extrusion, the four industrial pure metal plates 1 are respectively placed above the lower die 4 in the four hot extrusion cavities, and then the upper die 2 is introduced into the hot extrusion cavity, and the lower plane 206 of the upper die contacts the industrial pure metal plates 1. At this time, there is a gap between the middle plane 203 of the upper die and the upper end surface 303 of the middle die. The vacuum chamber 501 establishes a vacuum environment and heats. The lower ram lifting drive part 509 drives the lower ram 507 to rise, realizing the hot extrusion process of the hot extrusion die between the upper ram 506 and the lower ram 507. At this time, the middle plane 203 of the upper die is fitted with the upper end surface 303 of the middle die, and the positioning is stopped. The industrial pure metal plates 1 are superplastically deformed to form industrial pure metal sheets 7. The thickness of the four industrial pure metal plates 1 changes from H to h1, h2, h3, and h4, and the diameters all become D. That is to say, at the macro level, the four industrial pure metal sheets 7 have equal diameters and different thicknesses; at the micro level, the fibers of the industrial pure metal sheets 7 are evenly distributed, the grains are compressed in the thickness direction, and the grain sizes are different; in the non-thickness direction, the grain size extensions are different, so the physical properties of each industrial pure metal sheet 7 are different.

[0055] See also Figure 7 , Figure 8As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, the hot extrusion die performs superimposed hot extrusion on multiple industrial pure metal sheets 7 of equal diameter and different thickness. First, multiple industrial pure metal sheets 7 of equal diameter and different thickness are stacked above the lower die 4 in the four hot extrusion cavities, and the fiber directions of each industrial pure metal sheet 7 are different. Then the upper die 2 is introduced into the hot extrusion cavity, and the lower plane 206 of the upper die contacts the industrial pure metal sheet 7. At this time, there is a gap between the middle plane 203 of the upper die and the upper end surface 303 of the middle die. The vacuum chamber 501 establishes a vacuum environment and heats it. The lower ram lifting and lowering driving part 509 drives the lower ram 507 to rise, realizing the hot extrusion process of the hot extrusion die between the upper ram 506 and the lower ram 507. At this time, the middle plane 203 of the upper die fits the upper end surface 303 of the middle die, and is positioned and stopped to obtain a layered metal test plate 8 with layered light weight and high strength characteristics.

[0056] Preferably, the industrial pure metal sheets 7 in each hot extrusion cavity are stacked in an alternating manner of thin and thick layers, so that the finally obtained layered metal test plate 8 is a layered structure composed of plastic layers 801 and strength layers 802 alternately stacked, wherein the plastic layer 801 is relatively thick, has coarse grains, and has certain toughness and plasticity; the strength layer 802 is relatively thin, has fine grains, and has certain strength, thereby realizing the preparation of metal materials with both strength and plasticity, laying the foundation for subsequent micro-stress and deformation microstructure analysis.

[0057] An embodiment of the present invention provides a device for preparing a layered lightweight high-strength metal material, which is simple to operate and has high working efficiency. It can effectively obtain the microstructure of a layered metal with alternating coarse grains and fine grains, and then form a macroscopic high-strength and plastic layered configuration material with both high strength and plasticity.

[0058] In another embodiment of the present invention, a method for preparing a layered lightweight high-strength metal material using the device for preparing the layered lightweight high-strength metal material in the above embodiment is provided. Figures 1 to 8 As shown, the preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0059] Step S1: performing a pre-annealing process on the industrial pure metal plate 1;

[0060] Specifically, the annealing temperature of the pre-annealing process is 500 to 800° C., the annealing time is 1 to 10 hours, and the pre-annealing controls the grain size range to 10 to 200 μm, so as to obtain a coarse-grained metal plate with uniformly distributed grain size;

[0061] Step S2: removing the oxide layer on the surface of the industrial pure metal plate 1 after the pre-annealing process;

[0062] Specifically, a 5 vol. % HF solution was used to remove the oxide layer on the surface of the coarse-grained metal plate;

[0063] Step S3: In a vacuum heating environment, the vacuum hot press 5 drives the hot extrusion die to complete the hot extrusion process of the industrial pure metal plate 1, and obtains industrial pure metal sheets 7 with equal diameters and different thicknesses with high throughput;

[0064] Step S4: Under vacuum heating environment, the vacuum hot press 5 drives the hot extrusion die to complete the hot extrusion process of the multi-layer industrial pure metal sheet 7, and obtains the layered metal test plate 8 with light weight and high strength characteristics in high throughput.

[0065] In the embodiment of the present invention, the process of obtaining the industrial pure metal sheet 7 by vacuum hot extrusion of a hot extrusion die comprises the following steps:

[0066] Step C1: placing the middle mold 3 on the lower pressing head 507;

[0067] Step C2: lower molds 4 of different heights are respectively placed in the hot extrusion cavities of the middle mold 3;

[0068] Step C3: placing industrial pure metal plates 1 of equal thickness and different diameters and having undergone a pre-annealing process above the lower die 4 in each hot extrusion cavity;

[0069] Step C4: introducing the upper mold 2 into each hot extrusion cavity respectively, so that the upper mold 2 contacts the upper pressing head 506;

[0070] Step C5: establishing a vacuum atmosphere in the vacuum chamber 501 and performing vacuum heating;

[0071] Specifically, the hot pressing temperature of the vacuum hot pressing process is 400 to 500° C., the pressure is 10 to 40 MPa, and the holding time is 1 to 3 hours;

[0072] Step C6: The lower ram lifting drive part 509 drives the lower ram 507 to rise and pressurize until the middle die 3 and the upper die 2 are positioned and stopped, completing the vacuum hot extrusion process, and the industrial pure metal plate 1 undergoes superplastic deformation, thereby obtaining m industrial pure metal sheets 7 with the same diameter D and different thicknesses h.

[0073] Specifically, the process of obtaining the industrial pure metal sheet 7 by vacuum hot extrusion using a hot extrusion die is repeated n times to obtain a total of m×n industrial pure metal sheets 7.

[0074] The layered parameters of each industrial pure metal sheet 7 are controllable, the interface is complete and continuous, the coarse-grained / fine-grained layered, and the thickness of the initial pure titanium plate is changed.

[0075] In the embodiment of the present invention, the process of obtaining the layered metal test plate 8 by vacuum hot extrusion of a hot extrusion die comprises the following steps:

[0076] Step D1: placing the middle mold 3 on the lower pressing head 507 , with the lower end surface 304 of the middle mold fitting with the upper surface of the lower pressing head 507 ;

[0077] Step D2: lower molds 4 of different heights are placed in the hot extrusion cavities of the middle mold 3;

[0078] Step D3: placing multiple layers of industrial pure metal sheets 7 with equal diameters and different thicknesses above the lower die 4 in each hot extrusion cavity;

[0079] Step D4: Introduce the upper mold 2 into each hot extrusion cavity respectively, so that the upper mold upper plane 201 of the upper mold 2 contacts the lower surface of the upper pressing head 506;

[0080] Step D5: establishing a vacuum atmosphere in the vacuum chamber 501 and performing vacuum heating;

[0081] Step D6: The lower ram lifting drive part 509 drives the lower ram 507 to rise and pressurize until the middle mold 3 and the upper mold 2 are positioned and stopped, completing the vacuum hot extrusion process. At this time, the industrial pure metal sheet 7 occupies the entire hot extrusion cavity, thereby obtaining multiple layered metal test plates 8 with the same diameter and different thicknesses.

[0082] In this embodiment, the material of the industrial pure metal sheet 7 is titanium. A combined vacuum hot pressing process is used to make m×n industrial pure metal sheets 7 into a layered titanium plate with coarse grains and fine grains alternately stacked. By regulating the configuration parameters such as layer thickness ratio, single layer thickness, and texture, a layered titanium test plate with light weight and high strength characteristics is obtained.

[0083] Each metal sheet of the layered titanium test plate is numbered 8mn, wherein the letter n represents the nth controlled pre-annealing grain size, and the letter m represents the mth sheet of a vacuum hot pressing.

[0084] The industrial pure metal plate 1 undergoes superplasticity to become an industrial pure metal sheet 7, whose thickness changes from H to h. The thickness of the i-th industrial pure metal sheet 7 is h i , the diameter is D, then h i =d i ×d i ×H÷D÷D. Where H is the thickness of the industrial pure metal plate 1, d i is the diameter of the i-th industrial pure metal plate 1. The crystal grain height deformation ratio is also called the forging ratio k i , k i =D×D÷d i ÷d i . For example, H = 2mm, d i =8mm, D=30mm, h i =0.14mm, then k i =14.0625, i represents the i-th workpiece to be flattened.

[0085] Compared with known layered metal materials, the metal layers of the layered material of the present invention are not bonded by gluing, but by melt bonding: the material preparation method of the present invention has a simple process and is suitable for large-scale production. In addition, layered metal composite materials composed of metal layers with different physical and chemical properties can be prepared according to the needs of use and performance.

[0086] The present invention provides a device and method for preparing a layered lightweight high-strength metal material, which has a simple process and is easy to operate. The prepared layered metal material has excellent bonding performance and has the dual characteristics of high strength and high toughness.

[0087] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A device for preparing layered lightweight high-strength metal materials, characterized in that: The invention comprises a vacuum hot press (5) and a hot extrusion die arranged in the vacuum hot press (5), wherein the hot extrusion die comprises an upper die (2), a middle die (3) and a lower die (4), the middle die (3) is provided with a plurality of hot extrusion cavities, each hot extrusion cavity is provided with an upper die (2) and a lower die (4) arranged up and down, and the vacuum hot press (5) drives the lower die (4) and the upper die (2) to perform relative movement, thereby realizing a hot extrusion process of a single industrial pure metal plate (1) in the hot extrusion cavity to obtain a high-throughput industrial pure metal sheet (7), and realizing a hot extrusion process of a multi-layer industrial pure metal sheet (7) in the hot extrusion cavity to obtain a high-throughput layered metal test plate (8); The hot extrusion cavity is a cylindrical hole that penetrates from top to bottom, the upper part of the cylindrical hole is a guide hole (301), and the lower part is a micro-gap matching hole (302), and the diameter of the guide hole (301) is larger than the diameter of the micro-gap matching hole (302), and the upper end of the guide hole (301) is provided with a large rounded corner (305) of the upper end of the middle mold; The longitudinal section of the upper mold (2) is a T-shaped structure including a large cylindrical surface (202) of the upper mold and a small cylindrical surface (205) of the upper mold. The upper part and the bottom of the large cylindrical surface (202) of the upper mold are respectively an upper mold upper plane (201) and an upper mold middle plane (203). An upper mold small fillet (204) is provided between the upper mold middle plane (203) and the small cylindrical surface (205) of the upper mold. The radius of the upper mold small fillet (204) is smaller than the radius of the large fillet (305) of the upper opening of the middle mold. The small cylindrical surface (205) of the upper mold is clearance-matched with the micro-clearance matching hole (302) of the hot extrusion cavity. The bottom of the small cylindrical surface (205) of the upper mold is an upper mold lower plane (206). The lower mold (4) is cylindrical, and the lower molds (4) in the hot extrusion cavities have the same diameter and different heights; The vacuum hot press machine (5) comprises a vacuum chamber (501), a column (502), a base (503), an upper pressure head (506), a lower pressure head (507) and a lower pressure head lifting driving part (509), wherein the vacuum chamber (501) is connected to the base (503) through the column (502), the upper pressure head (506) is arranged at the inner top of the vacuum chamber (501), the lower pressure head lifting driving part (509) is arranged in the base (503), the output end of the lower pressure head lifting driving part (509) passes through the bottom of the vacuum chamber (501) and is connected to the lower pressure head (507), the hot extrusion die is placed on the lower pressure head (507), and the lower pressure head lifting driving part (509) drives the lower pressure head (507) to rise and fall, so as to realize the hot extrusion process of the hot extrusion die between the upper pressure head (506) and the lower pressure head (507).

2. The device for preparing layered lightweight high-strength metal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer side of the output end of the lower pressure head lifting driving part (509) is sleeved with a bellows (508), and the two ends of the bellows (508) are respectively connected to the vacuum chamber (501) and the lower pressure head lifting driving part (509); The vacuum chamber (501) is provided with a vacuum door (504), and the vacuum door (504) has a quartz observation window (505).

3. A method for preparing a layered lightweight high-strength metal material using the device for preparing the layered lightweight high-strength metal material according to claim 2, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1: performing a pre-annealing process on the industrial pure metal plate (1); Step S2: removing the oxide layer on the surface of the industrial pure metal plate (1) after the pre-annealing process; Step S3: Under a vacuum heating environment, a vacuum hot press (5) drives a hot extrusion die to complete a hot extrusion process of the industrial pure metal plate (1), and obtains industrial pure metal sheets (7) of equal diameter and different thicknesses with high throughput; Step S4: In a vacuum heating environment, the vacuum hot press (5) drives the hot extrusion die to complete the hot extrusion process of the multi-layer industrial pure metal sheet (7), and obtains a layered metal test plate (8) with light weight and high strength characteristics in a high throughput; In step S1, the annealing temperature of the pre-annealing process is 500 to 800° C., the annealing time is 1 to 10 hours, and the pre-annealing controls the grain size range to 10 to 200 μm; The process of obtaining the industrial pure metal sheet (7) by vacuum hot extrusion of the hot extrusion die comprises the following steps: Step C1: placing the middle mold (3) on the lower pressing head (507); Step C2: lower molds (4) of different heights are respectively placed in the hot extrusion cavities of the middle mold (3); Step C3: placing industrial pure metal plates (1) of equal thickness and different diameters and having undergone a pre-annealing process above the lower die (4) in each hot extrusion cavity; Step C4: introducing the upper mold (2) into each hot extrusion cavity respectively, so that the upper mold (2) contacts the upper pressing head (506); Step C5: creating a vacuum atmosphere in the vacuum chamber (501) and performing vacuum heating; Step C6: the lower pressure head lifting driving part (509) drives the lower pressure head (507) to rise and pressurize until the middle mold (3) and the upper mold (2) are positioned and stopped, completing the vacuum hot extrusion process to obtain a plurality of industrial pure metal sheets (7) of the same diameter and different thicknesses; The process of obtaining the layered metal test plate (8) by vacuum hot extrusion of the hot extrusion die comprises the following steps: Step D1: placing the middle mold (3) on the lower pressing head (507); Step D2: lower molds (4) of different heights are respectively placed in the hot extrusion cavities of the middle mold (3); Step D3: placing multiple layers of industrial pure metal sheets (7) of equal diameter and unequal thickness on top of the lower die (4) in each hot extrusion cavity; Step D4: introducing the upper mold (2) into each hot extrusion cavity respectively, so that the upper mold (2) contacts the upper pressing head (506); Step D5: creating a vacuum atmosphere in the vacuum chamber (501) and performing vacuum heating; Step D6: The lower pressure head lifting driving part (509) drives the lower pressure head (507) to rise and apply pressure until the middle mold (3) and the upper mold (2) are positioned and stopped, completing the vacuum hot extrusion process to obtain multiple layered metal test plates (8) with the same diameter and different thicknesses.

Images