A mining method for a fractured, inclined, medium-thick ore body

Abstract

This invention relates to a mining method for a fractured, inclined, medium-thick ore body. The method includes: S1, stope layout; S2, excavating segmented ramps upwards from a predetermined position on the current stage transport roadway to each segment and to the upper stage transport roadway level; excavating segmented transport roadways along the strike at the current stage transport roadway level and each segment level; excavating drilling roadways parallel to the segmented transport roadways at a position close to the footwall boundary of the ore body; excavating ore extraction roadways from the segmented transport roadways to the drilling roadways at predetermined intervals; excavating connecting cross-cut roadways from the segmented transport roadways at the center line of each panel pillar to the footwall boundary of the ore body, and excavating backfilling and support roadways along the strike along the footwall boundary of the ore body; excavating inclined stage transport roadway chutes at a position far from the footwall boundary and connecting each segment; S3, roof support; S4, cutting; S5, mining; S6, backfilling. Its beneficial effects are that it effectively improves mining efficiency and reduces mining costs while ensuring safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mining technology, and more particularly to a method for mining inclined, medium-thick ore bodies with fractured hanging wall. Background Technology

[0002] With socio-economic development and the continuous increase in the exploitation of mineral resources, a large amount of high-grade, easily mined, thick ore bodies have been consumed, while the proportion of deposits with relatively poor mining conditions is gradually increasing. For example, dipping, medium-thick ore bodies are recognized domestically and internationally as difficult-to-mine bodies. Mining of such deposits typically employs methods such as upward horizontal layered filling, upward access filling, and sublevel stopes. These methods generally suffer from low efficiency, large mining and cutting workloads, and significant pillar losses. Especially under conditions of hanging wall fracture, this further limits the exposed area of ​​the hanging wall, reducing mining efficiency and safety while increasing mining costs. In the context of the widespread promotion of green mining concepts and environmental policies, it is necessary to develop new mining schemes and preparatory engineering layouts that balance the stability of the hanging wall and mining efficiency as much as possible to meet the economic and safety requirements of mining such deposits. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Technical problems to be solved

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a mining method for inclined medium-thick ore bodies with fractured hanging wall, which solves the technical problems of difficulty in balancing the stability of the hanging wall and mining efficiency, and high mining costs in the traditional mining process of inclined medium-thick ore bodies.

[0005] Technical solution

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the main technical solutions adopted by the present invention include:

[0007] This invention provides a method for mining a fractured, inclined, medium-thick ore body, comprising:

[0008] S1. Stope layout: The ore body is divided into a stage transport roadway at predetermined intervals in the vertical direction. The stage transport roadway is further divided into segments at predetermined intervals. Approximately rhomboid stopes are arranged on each segment along the dip direction in the stage transport roadway. Each stope is mined and filled from bottom to top. The stopes on the same segment along the strike of the ore body are divided into one-step and two-step stopes. One-step and two-step stopes are arranged alternately. Triangular bottom pillars are left between the stage transport roadways. No top pillars are set between the stage transport roadways. A panel is formed at predetermined intervals along the strike of the ore body. Panel pillars are left between the panels.

[0009] S2, Preparation: From the predetermined horizontal position of the current stage transport roadway, excavate segmented inclined ramps upwards to reach each segment and the upper stage transport roadway level; at the current stage transport roadway level and each segment level, excavate segmented transport roadways along the strike away from the predetermined position on the footwall; excavate drilling roadways parallel to the segmented transport roadways at a position close to the footwall boundary of the ore body; at predetermined intervals, excavate ore extraction roadways from the segmented transport roadways to the drilling roadways; at the position of the segmented transport roadway corresponding to the center line of each panel pillar, excavate connecting cross-cut roadways to the footwall boundary of the ore body, and excavate filling and support roadways along the strike of the footwall boundary of the ore body; excavate inclined stage transport roadway chutes at a position away from the footwall boundary, connecting each segment, and arrange 2 chutes in each panel along the strike of the ore body.

[0010] S3. Roof support: Shotcrete and anchor mesh are used for support in the upper rock filling and roof support roadways of the stage transport roadways and various segment levels to maintain the stability of the upper rock.

[0011] S4. Cutting: After the mining and backfilling of the corresponding stope in the lower section is completed, firstly, at the intersection of each type of stope with the cross-connecting roadway and the drilling roadway, a cutting well is excavated upwards. Then, with the cutting well as the free surface, upward blast holes are drilled in the ore outlet roadway and cross-connecting roadway located on the center line, and the cutting groove is formed by the segmented blasting at the same time.

[0012] S5. Mining: In the drilling roadway, upward fan-shaped blast holes are drilled, and blasting is carried out in stages with the cutting groove as the blasting free face. First, electric loaders are used to enter each ore extraction roadway from the segmented transport roadway to load ore and dump it into the nearest pass. In the later stage of ore recovery, remote-controlled loaders are used to enter the drilling roadway from the ore extraction roadway to load ore. Along the strike direction of the ore body, the first step of the mining stop is mined first, and after backfilling and curing, the adjacent second step of the mining stop is mined.

[0013] S6. Backfilling: Backfilling shall be carried out after the mining of each stope is completed.

[0014] Preferably, in S1, the height of the stage transport roadway is 40m-60m, the segment height is 10m-15m, and along the strike of the ore body, the width of the first-stage mining room is controlled at 15m-20m, and the width of the second-stage mining room is controlled at 20m-30m; 3-4 first-stage mining rooms and 4-5 second-stage mining rooms form a panel, the panel length is 100m-120m, and the width of the panel pillar is 10m-15m.

[0015] Preferably, in S2, the segmented transport roadways are arranged at a distance of 10m-15m from the bottom boundary, and the ore extraction roadways are spaced 8m-10m apart.

[0016] Preferably, in S3, the cross-section of the filling and roof protection roadway at the upper boundary is 2.5m×25m. Smooth blasting is used during excavation, and each advance is controlled at 1.5m. After the surrounding rock is exposed, the first shotcrete is carried out with a shotcrete thickness of 30mm-50mm. Then, shotcrete and anchor mesh support is carried out, and the second shotcrete thickness is 50mm-100mm. Resin anchors are selected, with an anchor length of 2m and a support row spacing of 1.5m. Vibration-damping blast holes are drilled upward on the side of the ore body in the filling and roof protection roadway at the upper boundary, with a blast hole spacing of 2m.

[0017] Preferably, in S4, the cutting riser connects upward from the drilling roadway to the hanging wall and filling roadway. The cross-sectional dimensions are 2.5m in length along the strike direction of the ore body and 2m in the dip direction. The cutting blast holes are inclined blast holes with the bottom distance controlled between 1.8m and 2.0m. There are two parallel blast holes in each row. The depth of the blast holes is determined according to the required blasting boundary of the stope in the corresponding profile. The bottom of the blast hole to the hanging wall ore boundary is controlled at 2m.

[0018] Preferably, in S5, the bottom distance of the fan-shaped blast holes is controlled at 2.2m-2.5m, and the row spacing of the blast holes is 2m, which is consistent with the row spacing of the shock-absorbing blast holes in the upper support and filling roadway. The blast holes for the first-stage mining stope are blasted once, and the blast holes for the second-stage mining stope are blasted in stages. The first blast consists of 3 rows of blast holes, and the number of blast rows can be increased thereafter, with all blasts completed in 3-4 stages. The number of blast rows for the shock-absorbing blast holes is the same as that for the mining blast holes, the charge of the shock-absorbing blast holes is less than that of the mining blast holes, and the shock-absorbing blast holes are blasted first, followed by the mining blast holes.

[0019] Preferably, in S5, the mining sequence of the first-stage mining room and the second-stage mining room in the panel is from both ends to the middle, along the strike direction. The second-stage mining room is mined on the premise that one mining room on both sides has been filled and has reached the curing time.

[0020] Preferably, in S6, before backfilling, backfilling retaining walls need to be set at the exit positions of both ends of the corresponding stope ore outlet roadway and drilling roadway; backfilling is carried out from the backfilling pipeline erected from the panel pillar to the stope, the ash-sand ratio of the first-stage stope is 1:4, and the ash-sand ratio of the second-stage stope is 1:12; the stope backfilling is carried out from the connecting roadway of the center line of the adjacent stopes in the upper part of the stope to be backfilled - the hanging wall backfilling roof roadway, and backfilling is carried out from both ends to the stope.

[0021] Beneficial effects

[0022] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The method for mining a fractured, inclined, medium-thick ore body with a stope cross-section of approximately rhomboid shape is beneficial for withstanding ground pressure and maintaining the stability of the hanging wall. By excavating and filling roof support tunnels at the boundaries of each segment of the hanging wall, the surrounding rock of the hanging wall is supported in advance within the tunnels. Simultaneously, shock-absorbing blast holes are drilled approximately parallel to the hanging wall boundaries within the ore body near the hanging wall, reducing the fracturing of the hanging wall rock during stope blasting, thereby ensuring the stability of the hanging wall rock during mining. Furthermore, the method retains a vertical fan-shaped deep-hole ore extraction system and a footwall ore extraction tunnel system, which, combined with a trackless loader, effectively improves the mining efficiency of this type of ore body. The use of a pillarless, "one-off" mining layout along the ore body direction enables continuous mining within the panel, further improving the mining efficiency of this type of ore body. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram illustrating the operational principle of a mining method for a fractured, inclined, medium-thick ore body provided by the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 In the mining method for a fractured, inclined, medium-thick ore body provided by the present invention Figure 1 Sectional view II-II;

[0025] Figure 3 In the mining method for a fractured, inclined, medium-thick ore body provided by the present invention Figure 1 Sectional view III-III;

[0026] Figure 4 The present invention provides a cutting method and cutting blast hole for mining a fractured, inclined, medium-thick ore body in the hanging wall.

[0027] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0028] 1-Stage transport roadway; 2-Sectional transport roadway; 3-Ore extraction roadway; 4-Connecting vein roadway; 5-Panel backfilling and roof support roadway; 6-Drilling roadway; 7-Sloping ramp connecting roadway; 8-Sectional sloping ramp; 9-Passway; 10-Triangular bottom pillar; 11-Roof support anchor; 12-Shock-absorbing blast hole; 13-Mining blast hole; 14-First-stage mining stop; 15-Second-stage mining stop; 16-First-stage mining backfill body; 17-Second-stage mining backfill body; 18-Panel pillar; 19-Cutting riser; 20-Backfilling retaining wall; 21-Backfilling pipeline; 22-Cutting blast hole. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To better explain and facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0030] In the context of the promotion and popularization of green mining concepts and environmental protection policies, it is necessary to develop new mining schemes and preparatory engineering layouts to balance the stability of the hanging wall and mining efficiency as much as possible, so as to meet the economic and safety requirements of mining such deposits.

[0031] Therefore, the present invention proposes a mining method for a fractured, inclined, medium-thick ore body. This method involves arranging multiple segments in the stage transport roadway, with drilling roadways positioned close to the footwall in each segment. Vertical fan-shaped blast holes are used for ore extraction, and segmented ore extraction via vein cutting and trackless loader haulage ensures high mining efficiency. An approximately rhomboid stope cross-section is formed, which is beneficial for stope stability. Furthermore, pre-support of the roof-filling roadway and vibration-damping blast holes at the top of each stope ensure the safety of mining. After each stope is mined, filling is carried out from the roof-filling roadway located at both ends of the stope. Along the strike of the ore body, first-stage and second-stage stopes are arranged alternately, without pillars in the stopes. Every 100-120m is considered a mining panel, with pillars provided. Stopes within and between panels can be mined simultaneously, improving mining continuity and further increasing mining efficiency.

[0032] To better understand the above technical solutions, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the present invention can be understood more clearly and thoroughly, and that the scope of the present invention can be fully conveyed to those skilled in the art.

[0033] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 Wherein, direction a is the dip direction of the ore body, direction b is the strike direction, direction c is the vertical direction, direction d is the hanging wall direction of the ore body, and direction e is the footwall direction of the ore body; the length of the stope refers to the length along the strike direction, the width is the length along the dip direction, and the height is the length along the vertical direction.

[0034] This embodiment provides a mining method for a fractured, inclined, medium-thick ore body, including:

[0035] S1. Stope Layout: The ore body is vertically divided into stage haulage roadways 1 at predetermined intervals. Each stage haulage roadway 1 is further divided into segments at predetermined intervals. Within each segment, approximately rhomboid-shaped stopes are arranged along the dip direction. Each stope is mined and backfilled from bottom to top. Within the same segment, stopes along the strike of the ore body are divided into one-step and two-step stopes 15, with one-step stopes 14 and two-step stopes 15 arranged alternately. Triangular base pillars 10 are provided between stage haulage roadways 1. No top pillars are provided between stage haulage roadways 1. Each predetermined interval along the strike of the ore body forms a panel, with panel pillars 18 provided between panels.

[0036] S2, Preparation: From the predetermined horizontal position of the current stage transport roadway, excavate segmented inclined ramps 8 upwards to reach each segment and the upper stage transport roadway level; at the current stage transport roadway level and each segment level, excavate segmented transport roadways 2 along the strike away from the predetermined position on the footwall; excavate drilling roadways 6 parallel to segmented transport roadways 2 at a position close to the footwall boundary of the ore body; at predetermined intervals, excavate ore exit roadways 3 from segmented transport roadways 2 to drilling roadways 6. At the center line position of each panel pillar 18, excavate connecting vein roadways 4 to the footwall boundary of the ore body from segmented transport roadways 2, and excavate filling and support roadways along the strike of the footwall boundary of the ore body. Excavate inclined stage transport roadway chutes 9 at a position away from the footwall boundary, connecting each segment; arrange 2 chutes 9 along the strike of the ore body in each panel.

[0037] S3. Roof support: Shotcrete and anchor mesh are used for support in the upper rock filling and roof support roadways 5 at the stage transport roadways and various segment levels to maintain the stability of the upper rock.

[0038] S4. Cutting: After the mining and backfilling of the corresponding stope in the lower section is completed, firstly, at the intersection of each type of stope and the cross-connecting roadway and the drilling roadway 6, the cutting well 19 is drilled upwards. Then, with the cutting well 19 as the free surface, upward blast holes are drilled in the ore outlet roadway 3 and the cross-connecting roadway located on the center line. The cutting groove is formed by the segmented blasting at the same time.

[0039] S5. Mining: In the drilling roadway 6, drill upward fan-shaped blast holes and use the cutting groove as the blasting free face to blast and extract ore in stages. First, use an electric loader to enter each ore extraction roadway 3 from the segmented transport roadway 2 to load ore and dump it into the nearest pass 9. In the later stages of mining, if the ore is not recovered as much as possible, a remote-controlled loader can enter the drilling roadway 6 from the ore extraction roadway 3 to load ore. Along the strike of the ore body, first mine the first-stage mining stop 14, and after filling and curing, mine the adjacent second-stage mining stop 15.

[0040] S6. Backfilling: Backfilling is carried out immediately after the mining of each stope is completed.

[0041] This embodiment provides a mining method for a fractured, inclined, medium-thick ore body. The stope has an approximately rhomboid cross-section, which is beneficial for withstanding ground pressure and maintaining the stability of the hanging wall. By excavating and filling roof support tunnels at each segment of the hanging wall boundary, the hanging wall surrounding rock is supported in advance within the tunnels. Simultaneously, shock-absorbing blast holes 12, approximately parallel to the hanging wall boundary, are drilled within the ore body near the hanging wall to reduce the fracturing of the hanging wall surrounding rock during stope blasting, thereby ensuring the stability of the hanging wall surrounding rock during mining. Furthermore, a vertical fan-shaped medium-deep hole ore-cutting system and a footwall ore-extraction cross-cutting tunnel system are retained, which, combined with a trackless loader, can effectively improve the mining efficiency of this type of ore body. A pillarless, "one-off" mining layout is adopted along the ore body direction to form continuous mining within the panel, further improving the mining efficiency of this type of ore body.

[0042] Preferably, in S1,

[0043] The height of the stage transport roadway is 40m-60m, and the height of the segment is 10m-15m. Along the strike of the ore body, the width of the first-stage mining stop 14 is controlled at 15m-20m, and the width of the second-stage mining stop 15 is controlled at 20m-30m. 3-4 first-stage mining stops 14 and 4-5 second-stage mining stops 15 form a panel, with a panel length of 100m-120m and a panel pillar 18 width of 10m-15m.

[0044] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 The primary purpose of filling the mined stope with the first-step backfill body 16 and the second-step backfill body 17 is to support the hanging wall ore body, maintain the stability of the mine structure, and prevent collapse or landslide.

[0045] The rational setting of segment height and width can improve mining efficiency and make ore body mining more orderly. Appropriate segment height and width can better control ore body fracturing and reduce difficulties encountered during mining. The setting of stage transport roadway height and segment height helps to better utilize ore body resources and ensure the full mining of the ore body. This setting can more effectively address ore body fracturing and stability issues. Controlling the width of the first-stage stope 14 and the second-stage stope 15 helps maintain the stability of the ore body and prevents excessive fracturing or collapse. Rational width control helps maintain the structural stability of the ore body during mining. Rationally setting the width of the pillars helps maintain the stability of the supporting structure during mining. Pillars of appropriate width can effectively distribute the stress generated during mining, reducing the risk of ore body deformation or collapse. By controlling the width of the stopes and pillars, the risk of surface subsidence can be reduced. This is crucial for protecting surface buildings and the environment. Rational stope setup and pillar design can improve ore recovery rate and mining efficiency, thereby enhancing overall economic benefits.

[0046] Preferably, in S2,

[0047] The segmented transport roadway 2 is located 10m-15m from the bottom boundary to ensure that the loader can fully accommodate the ore loading in the ore extraction roadway 3. The spacing between the ore extraction roadways 3 is 8m-10m.

[0048] Preferably, in S2,

[0049] Two ore passes (9) are arranged in a panel area, and the ore volume on the left and right sides should be basically the same.

[0050] Preferably, in S3,

[0051] The cross-section of the filling and roof protection roadway at the upper boundary is 2.5m×25m. Smooth blasting is used during tunneling, and each advance is controlled at 1.5m. After the surrounding rock is exposed, the first shotcrete is carried out with a shotcrete thickness of 30mm-50mm. Then, shotcrete and anchor mesh support is carried out, and the second shotcrete thickness is 50mm-100mm. The roof protection anchor 11 is a resin anchor with a length of 2m and a support row spacing of 1.5m. In the filling and roof protection roadway at the upper boundary, vibration damping blast holes 12 are drilled upward on the side of the ore body with a blast hole spacing of 2m.

[0052] Installing shock-absorbing blast holes 12 within the filling and roof support tunnel at the upper boundary can release stress in the rock mass, reduce post-blasting vibration, and decrease rock mass instability. This effectively reduces potential rock fragmentation during tunneling, improving tunnel stability. It also helps control and reduce sudden rockfalls caused by stress concentration, thereby enhancing the safety of tunneling operations. Furthermore, it optimizes surrounding rock conditions, making shotcreting and support more effective, thus improving tunneling efficiency.

[0053] Preferably, in S4,

[0054] Cutting well 19 connects to the hanging wall and filling tunnels from the rock drilling tunnel 6 upwards. The cross-sectional dimensions are 2.5m in length along the strike of the ore body and 2m in length along the dip direction. Cutting blast holes 22 are inclined blast holes with the bottom distance controlled between 1.8m and 2.0m. Each row of cutting blast holes 22 consists of two parallel blast holes. The depth of the blast holes is determined according to the required blasting stope boundary of the corresponding profile. The bottom of the blast holes on the hanging wall is controlled to be 2m from the ore-rock boundary of the hanging wall.

[0055] The inclined blast holes in Cutting Head 19 allow for more effective ore body fragmentation, making the ore easier to mine and transport. The bottom-to-bottom distance of the blast holes, controlled at 1.8m-2.0m, ensures the rational release of blasting energy, facilitating precise cutting of the ore body boundaries and reducing the impact of excessive blasting on the ore body and surrounding rock. Controlling the depth of the blast holes and the distance from the bottom to the hanging wall ore-rock boundary helps maintain the integrity of the ore body, improving ore recovery and economic value. Properly designed blast holes can reduce the risk of collapse in unstable rock masses, enhancing safety during mining.

[0056] Preferably, in S5,

[0057] The bottom distance of the fan-shaped blast holes is controlled at 2.2m-2.5m. The row spacing of the blast holes is 2m, which is consistent with the row spacing of the shock-absorbing blast holes 12 in the upper roof support and filling roadway. The blast hole 13 in the first-stage mining stop 14 is blasted once, and the blast hole 13 in the second-stage mining stop 15 is blasted in stages. The first blast consists of 3 rows of blast holes, and the number of blast rows can be increased thereafter, with all blasts completed in 3-4 stages. The number of blast rows for the shock-absorbing blast hole 12 is the same as that for the mining blast hole 13. The charge of the shock-absorbing blast hole 12 is less than that of the mining blast hole 13. The shock-absorbing blast hole 12 is blasted first, and the mining blast hole 13 is blasted later.

[0058] The damping blast hole 12 has a smaller charge and is blasted before the mining blast hole 13, effectively mitigating the impact of vibration during the main blasting process on the ore body and surrounding rock, thereby reducing the risk of ore body displacement and collapse. Maintaining the same spacing between the damping blast hole 12 and the mining blast hole 13 ensures uniform energy distribution during blasting, avoiding excessive energy concentration or dispersion, thus improving ore body crushing and recovery rates. Detonating the mining blast hole 13 in stages instead of all at once allows for better control of ore body movement during blasting, resulting in more uniform ore body crushing and reducing the need for secondary blasting. The pre-blasting of the damping blast hole 12 helps control and reduce the vibration intensity of the main blast, thereby reducing potential risks to mine structures and miners. By rationally allocating the number of blasts and the charge amount, the utilization efficiency of the ore body can be optimized, reducing ore loss and unnecessary mining costs, thus improving overall economic benefits.

[0059] Preferably, in S5,

[0060] Along the strike direction, the mining sequence of the first-stage mining stope 14 and the second-stage mining stope 15 is from both ends to the middle. The premise for the mining of the second-stage mining stope 15 is that one of the mining stops on both sides has been filled and has reached the curing time.

[0061] By first mining and backfilling the first-stage stopes 14 at both ends, the ore body and stope structure can be stabilized, preventing subsequent mining from affecting mine stability and reducing the risk of collapse. After the stopes on both sides are backfilled and have reached the required curing time, the second-stage stope 15 is mined, ensuring the backfill material has solidified and provides good support, thus avoiding problems of incomplete backfilling or insufficient strength. Mining from both ends towards the middle avoids mining difficulties caused by uneven ore body tilt or fragmentation, ensuring the uniformity of the mining process and ore recovery rate. Phased mining of the transport roadways and ensuring the backfill material is properly cured reduces the impact of ground pressure and vibration on the mine structure, thereby improving overall mining safety. Completing the backfilling and curing on both sides before mining the middle section effectively reduces subsequent repair work and ore body loss due to incomplete backfilling.

[0062] In S6,

[0063] Before backfilling, backfilling retaining walls 20 must be installed at both ends of the corresponding stope exit roadway 3 and drilling roadway 6. Backfilling is carried out from the panel pillar 18 through the backfilling pipeline 21 to the stope. The lime-sand ratio of the first-stage stope 14 is 1:4, and the lime-sand ratio of the second-stage stope 15 is 1:12. Stope backfilling is carried out from the top, that is, the backfilling pipeline 21 is arranged from the connecting roadway - hanging wall backfilling and roof support roadway 5 of the center line of the adjacent stopes in the upper part of the stope to be backfilled, and backfilling is carried out from both ends to the stope.

[0064] Top filling ensures uniform distribution of the filling material from top to bottom, effectively filling every void in the stope and improving filling quality. Filling pipes 21, arranged from the top and filling from both ends into the stope, help establish stable support at the top, reducing the risk of ore body subsidence or collapse. A higher ash-to-sand ratio (e.g., 1:12) typically provides better flowability and filling effect in the secondary stope 15, reducing material waste and saving costs. Filling from both ends towards the middle allows for more uniform filling of the entire stope, accelerating the filling process and improving operational efficiency. Setting up filling retaining walls 20 effectively controls the flow direction and speed of the filling material, preventing leakage or overflow and ensuring smooth filling operations.

[0065] In the description of this invention, each embodiment focuses on its differences from other embodiments, and similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. As the apparatus disclosed in the embodiments corresponds to the methods disclosed in the embodiments, the description is relatively simple, and relevant parts can be referred to the method section.

[0066] In the description of this invention, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise expressly specified. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0067] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that they are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," or "on top" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," or "beneath" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0068] In the description of this specification, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0069] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make modifications, alterations, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for mining a dipping, medium-thick ore body with a fractured hanging wall, characterized in that, include: S1. Stope layout: The ore body is divided into a stage transport roadway at predetermined intervals in the vertical direction. The stage transport roadway is further divided into segments at predetermined intervals. Rhomboid-shaped stopes are arranged on each segment along the dip direction in the stage transport roadway. Each stope is mined and backfilled from bottom to top. The stopes on the same segment along the strike of the ore body are divided into one-step and two-step stopes. One-step and two-step stopes are arranged alternately. Triangular bottom pillars are left between stage transport roadways. No top pillars are set between stage transport roadways. A panel is formed at predetermined intervals along the strike of the ore body. Panel pillars are left between panels. S2, Preparation: From the predetermined horizontal position of the transport roadway in this stage, excavate segmented inclined ramps upwards to reach each segment and the horizontal position of the transport roadway in the upper stage; at the horizontal position of the transport roadway in this stage and at each segment level, excavate segmented transport roadways along the strike away from the predetermined position on the footwall; excavate rock drilling roadways parallel to the segmented transport roadways at a position close to the footwall boundary of the ore body; at predetermined intervals, excavate ore extraction roadways from the segmented transport roadways to the rock drilling roadways; at the position of the segmented transport roadway corresponding to the center line of each panel pillar, excavate connecting cross-cut roadways to the footwall boundary of the ore body, and excavate backfilling and support roadways along the strike of the footwall boundary of the ore body. Inclined stage transport roadways and chutes are excavated at locations far from the lower boundary and connected to each section. Two chutes are arranged in each panel along the strike of the ore body. S3. Roof support: Shotcrete and anchor mesh are used for support in the upper rock filling and roof support roadways of the stage transport roadways and various segment levels to maintain the stability of the upper rock. S4. Cutting: After the mining and backfilling of the corresponding stope in the lower section is completed, firstly, at the intersection of each type of stope with the cross-connecting roadway and the drilling roadway, a cutting well is excavated upwards. Then, with the cutting well as the free surface, upward blast holes are drilled in the ore outlet roadway and cross-connecting roadway located on the center line, and the cutting groove is formed by the segmented blasting at the same time. S5. Mining: In the drilling roadway, upward fan-shaped blast holes are drilled, and blasting is carried out in stages with the cutting groove as the blasting free face. First, electric loaders are used to enter each ore extraction roadway from the segmented transport roadway to load ore and dump it into the nearest pass. In the later stage of ore recovery, remote-controlled loaders are used to enter the drilling roadway from the ore extraction roadway to load ore. Along the strike direction of the ore body, the first step of the mining stop is mined first, and after backfilling and curing, the adjacent second step of the mining stop is mined. S6. Backfilling: Backfilling shall be carried out after the mining of each stope is completed.

2. The mining method for a fractured, inclined, medium-thick ore body according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S1, the height of the stage transport roadway is 40m-60m, and the height of the segment is 10m-15m. Along the strike of the ore body, the width of the first-stage mining room is controlled at 15m-20m, and the width of the second-stage mining room is controlled at 20m-30m. 3-4 first-stage mining rooms and 4-5 second-stage mining rooms form a panel, with a panel length of 100m-120m and a panel pillar width of 10m-15m.

3. The mining method for a fractured, inclined, medium-thick ore body according to claim 2, characterized in that, In S2, the segmented transport roadways are arranged 10m-15m from the bottom boundary, and the ore extraction roadways are spaced 8m-10m apart.

4. The mining method for a fractured, inclined, medium-thick ore body according to claim 3, characterized in that, In S3, the cross-section of the filling and roof protection roadway at the upper boundary is 2.5m×25m. Smooth blasting is used during tunneling, and each advance is controlled at 1.5m. After the surrounding rock is exposed, the first shotcrete is carried out with a shotcrete thickness of 30mm-50mm. Then, shotcrete and anchor mesh support is carried out, and the second shotcrete thickness is 50mm-100mm. Resin anchors are selected, with an anchor length of 2m and a support row spacing of 1.5m. Vibration-damping blast holes are drilled upward on the side of the ore body in the filling and roof protection roadway at the upper boundary, with a blast hole spacing of 2m.

5. A mining method for a fractured, inclined, medium-thick ore body according to claim 4, characterized in that, In S4, the cutting riser connects to the hanging wall and filling roadway from the drilling roadway upwards. The cross-sectional dimensions are 2.5m in length along the strike of the ore body and 2m in length along the dip direction. The cutting blast holes are inclined blast holes, with the bottom distance controlled between 1.8m and 2.0m. There are two parallel blast holes in each row. The depth of the blast holes is determined according to the required blasting block boundary of the corresponding profile. The bottom of the blast hole to the hanging wall ore boundary is controlled at 2m.

6. A mining method for a fractured, inclined, medium-thick ore body according to claim 5, characterized in that, In S5, the bottom distance of the fan-shaped blast holes is controlled at 2.2m-2.5m, and the row spacing of the blast holes is 2m, which is consistent with the row spacing of the shock-absorbing blast holes in the upper roof support and filling roadway. The blast holes for the first-stage mining stope are blasted in one go, and the blast holes for the second-stage mining stope are blasted in stages. The first blast consists of 3 rows of blast holes, and the number of blast rows can be increased thereafter, with all blasts completed in 3-4 blasts. The number of blast rows for the shock-absorbing blast holes is the same as that for the mining blast holes, the charge of the shock-absorbing blast holes is less than that of the mining blast holes, and the shock-absorbing blast holes are blasted first, followed by the mining blast holes.

7. A mining method for a fractured, inclined, medium-thick ore body according to claim 6, characterized in that, In S5, the mining sequence of the first-stage and second-stage mining rooms in the panel is from both ends to the middle, along the strike direction. The second-stage mining room is mined only if one mining room on each side has been filled and reached the curing time.

8. A mining method for a fractured, inclined, medium-thick ore body according to claim 7, characterized in that, In S6, before backfilling, backfilling retaining walls must be set at the exit positions of the corresponding stope ore roadway and drilling roadway at both ends; backfilling is carried out from the backfilling pipeline erected from the panel pillar to the stope. The ash-sand ratio of the first-stage stope is 1:4, and the ash-sand ratio of the second-stage stope is 1:12; the stope backfilling is carried out from the connecting roadway of the center line of the adjacent stopes in the upper part of the stope to be backfilled - the hanging wall backfilling roof roadway, and backfilling is carried out from both ends to the stope.

Images