A high-strength negative poisson's ratio structure, supporting facility and construction process for supporting a mining roadway

Abstract

The application discloses a high-strength negative Poisson's ratio structure for supporting a mining roadway, a supporting facility and a construction process, and belongs to the technical field of mining. The high-strength negative Poisson's ratio structure comprises a filling body, a negative Poisson's ratio protection module, anchor rods, anchor nets and sandbags. The filling body and the negative Poisson's ratio protection module are closely attached and fixed through grooves at the bottom plates, which is beneficial to drainage of filling slurry that has not completely exuded in the deep part of the filling body through the negative Poisson's ratio protection module. Adjacent negative Poisson's ratio protection modules are connected through a mortise and tenon self-locking structure. The anchor rods are arranged at the contact position between the roof of the mining roadway and the top end of the negative Poisson's ratio protection module, and anchor nets are arranged between the anchor rods. The sandbags are filled in the gaps between the negative Poisson's ratio protection module and the top ore body. The application has wide applicability, the size of the negative Poisson's ratio protection module can be adjusted according to the site conditions, and the application can be widely applied to various filling mining methods.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of mining technology, and in particular to a high-strength negative Poisson's ratio structure, supporting facilities and a construction process for supporting a mine tunnel. Background Art

[0002] Most domestic mining companies use upward horizontal layer filling, upward layer approach filling, and subsequent filling mining methods to ensure the stability of the filling body. However, this inevitably reduces the ore recovery rate and results in resource waste. When recovering pillars, some mines mainly have two methods for arranging tunnels within the goaf: re-excavation and reserved tunnels. The former first fills the goaf and then excavates a new tunnel within the filling body after the filling body reaches the designed strength. However, this method is time-consuming, labor-intensive and financially intensive, and may also damage the filling body during excavation. The commonly used methods for reserving tunnels in the latter include: installing closed rigid baffles in the goaf and removing them after filling is completed. This method has a low degree of mechanization and low construction efficiency. When the pressure is high, the rigid baffles do not have the pressure relief function, posing a safety hazard of the rigid baffles collapsing as a whole. The filling slurry may leak, and the cost is high. When re-excavating the tunnel, how to ensure the stability of the filling and tunnel while excavating the tunnel inside the filling becomes an urgent problem. The current solution is to use shotcrete, anchors, and anchor meshes to support the filling according to the state of the filling during excavation. However, as the length of the tunnel increases and it penetrates deeper into the filling, the filling strength is insufficient due to untimely and insufficient drainage. This makes the filling prone to collapse and caving during tunnel excavation. Currently, mines can only continue to increase the number of anchors on the basis of the initial support to achieve tunnel stability. The construction process is complex and costly, and it also causes significant damage to the filling and is not conducive to tunnel stability.

[0003] For example: [Application Number] 202210722533.5, [Application Date] 2022.06.24, [Name] A device for reserving a tunnel for filling a goaf and its construction process. This process separates the goaf into a reserved tunnel through an inflatable air cushion. In the specific implementation, the inflatable air cushion is prone to leakage. The presence of the air cushion will affect the precipitation of water in the filling slurry, and the water filtration is incomplete and inefficient, affecting the safety of the tunnel and the stability of the filling body.

[0004] For example: [Application number] 202123383631.0, [Application date] 2021.12.29, [Name] A reserved tunnel device for underground cementing filling. The device adopts a detachable and linked retaining wall unit, which is a rigid support and has no pressure-relieving effect. When the pressure is large, there is a risk of overall collapse. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the deficiencies of the above-mentioned existing technologies and propose a high-strength negative Poisson's ratio structure, support facilities and construction process for mine tunnel support.

[0006] To achieve its purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: a high-strength negative Poisson's ratio structure for supporting mining tunnels, comprising a filling body, a negative Poisson's ratio protection module, anchor rods, anchor nets and sandbags. The filling body and the negative Poisson's ratio protection module are tightly fitted and fixed by grooves at the bottom plate, which is conducive to the drainage of filling slurry that has not completely seeped water deep in the filling body through the negative Poisson's ratio protection module. Adjacent negative Poisson's ratio protection modules are interlocked and connected with each other by a mortise and tenon self-locking structure; the anchor rods are driven at the contact position between the top plate of the mining tunnel and the top of the negative Poisson's ratio protection module, and anchor nets are laid and installed between the anchor rods; the sandbags fill the gap between the negative Poisson's ratio protection module and the top ore body.

[0007] Furthermore, the negative Poisson's ratio protection module is a trapezoidal body with protrusion and groove structures on both sides.

[0008] Another technical solution of the present invention: a support facility on both sides of a mine tunnel, comprising the high-strength negative Poisson's ratio structure in the above technical solution.

[0009] A construction process for support facilities on both sides of a mine roadway according to the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0010] T1: After the stope is mined and filled, it is necessary to excavate the exit tunnel in the filled stope. First, a section of the exit tunnel is excavated mechanically. The number of negative Poisson's ratio protection modules required is determined based on the length of each tunnel excavation.

[0011] T2: Leveling the roadway, trimming the protruding filling body at the location where the negative Poisson's ratio protection module has been determined, trimming the mine roadway into a regular cross-section, and at the same time, excavating grooves in the filling body on both sides of the floor to fix the negative Poisson's ratio protection module;

[0012] T3: After each excavation, the negative Poisson's ratio protection modules are sequentially fixed in the grooves of the floor on both sides of the tunnel. The negative Poisson's ratio protection modules are trapezoidal in shape, with protrusions and grooves on both sides. Adjacent modules are connected to each other through their own mortise and tenon structure to form a whole. When installing the modules, they should be wedged together according to the module design, relying on the special property of lateral expansion of the negative Poisson's ratio structure when subjected to axial tension to firmly wed.

[0013] T4: After the negative Poisson's ratio protection modules are installed in each section of the roadway, the roadway roof is reinforced. Anchor rods are installed at the contact points between the top of the negative Poisson's ratio protection modules and the roof on both sides of the roadway. A certain number of anchor rods are installed in sequence according to the spacing, and anchor nets are laid on the anchor rods to form a supporting structure.

[0014] T5: After all the negative Poisson's ratio protection modules are stacked, sandbags are placed on top of the modules and grouting is performed around the modules to form a complete support structure.

[0015] T6: After the first section of tunnel support is completed, repeat the above steps until the tunnel excavation and support are completed, and finally lay the concrete pavement on the bottom plate.

[0016] Preferably, in step T2, the size of the mining tunnel is 4.5m×2.5m. When the tunnel is excavated, mechanical rock breaking and masonry leveling methods are used to make the tunnel more flat. When leveling the tunnel, sprayed concrete and manual finishing methods are used to make the tunnel flat and smooth to facilitate the stacking of structural blocks.

[0017] Preferably, the grooves excavated on both sides of the mining tunnel are 1-1.5m wide and 0.2-0.3m deep.

[0018] Preferably, in step T3, the size of the negative Poisson's ratio protection module is 1m×1m×2.5m, the size of the mortise and tenon structure of the module is 0.2m×0.1m, and the connection between adjacent negative Poisson's ratio protection modules is a structure that can be wedged into each other; the module material is a high-strength plastic with a tensile strength of 100-200Mpa, and the high-strength plastic is nylon or polyamide.

[0019] Preferably, in step T4, when the structural blocks are longitudinally laid at the preset positions of the support structure, the adjacent longitudinal negative Poisson's ratio protection modules need to be embedded in the bottom plate grooves to be fixed.

[0020] Further preferably, in step T5, when grouting is performed on the gaps around the stacked negative Poisson's ratio structure mine tunnel support facilities, the gaps need to be filled to make it a complete retaining wall structure and prevent it from cracking along the gaps. At the same time, when there is a gap between the negative Poisson's ratio protection module and the top ore body, sandbags should be filled in to make the overall structure more stable.

[0021] Further preferably, in step T6, the negative Poisson's ratio structure mine tunnel support facilities need to reach a stress strength that can support the first section of tunneling tunnel before the next stage of tunneling can be carried out.

[0022] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0023] Compared with the existing technology, the high-strength negative Poisson's ratio structure, mine tunnel support facilities and construction methods of the present invention have more outstanding advantages:

[0024] 1. The support facilities are high in strength, highly modularized, easy to install, and can play the role of supporting the tunnel in a short time.

[0025] 2. The construction is simple, the materials are easy to obtain, and the manufacturing cost is relatively low.

[0026] 3. The filling has a good water filtration effect, which is beneficial to the drainage of the filling body, thereby further increasing its strength. There is no need to worry about the damage to the filling body caused by anchor rods in the excavation tunnel. It can ensure the strength of the filling body on both sides of the mining tunnel and ensure the safety and stability of the mining tunnel.

[0027] 4. Wide applicability. The size of the negative Poisson's ratio protection module can be adjusted according to the on-site conditions and can be widely used in various filling mining methods. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] For ease of explanation, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the following specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the support facilities for the mine roadway with a negative Poisson's ratio structure in the stope;

[0030] Figure 2 This is the three-view drawing of the negative Poisson's ratio protection module;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the negative Poisson's ratio protection module;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the fixing groove of the negative Poisson's ratio protection module;

[0033] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the fixing point of the negative Poisson's ratio protection module and the anchor rod;

[0034] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the mortise and tenon connection between adjacent negative Poisson's ratio protection modules;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the location of the mine tunnel;

[0036] Description of reference numerals:

[0037] 1-Negative Poisson's ratio protection module; 2-Sandbag; 3-Base plate; 4-Filling body; 5-Mine exit tunnel; 6-Mining pillar; 7-Anchor rod; 8-Anchor net. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and are combined with the attached Figure 1-7, further describing the technical solutions of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments; in the following description, specific details such as specific configurations are provided only to facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the embodiments of the present invention. Therefore, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention.

[0039] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] A high-strength negative Poisson's ratio structure for supporting mining tunnels includes a backfill 4, a negative Poisson's ratio protection module 1, anchor rods 7, an anchor net 8, and sandbags 2. The backfill 4 and negative Poisson's ratio protection module 1 fit tightly together and are secured by grooves in the base plate 3. Adjacent negative Poisson's ratio protection modules 1 are interlocked and connected via a mortise and tenon self-locking structure. The anchor rods 7 are driven into the contact area between the top plate of the mining tunnel 5 and the top of the negative Poisson's ratio protection module 1, and anchor nets 8 are installed between the anchor rods 7. The sandbags 2 fill the gap between the negative Poisson's ratio protection module 1 and the top ore body. The negative Poisson's ratio protection module 1 is trapezoidal in shape, with protrusions and grooves on both sides.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] A support system for both sides of a mine roadway includes the high-strength negative Poisson's ratio structure described in the above technical solution. The mine roadway 5 measures 4.5m x 2.5m; the grooves excavated on both sides of the mine roadway 5 are 1-1.5m wide and 0.2-0.3m deep; and the negative Poisson's ratio protection module 1 measures 1m x 1m x 2.5m, with the mortise and tenon joints of the module measuring 0.2m x 0.1m.

[0044] Example 3

[0045] A construction process for support facilities on both sides of a mine roadway comprises the following steps:

[0046] T1: After the stope is mined and filled, it is necessary to excavate the exit tunnel in the filled stope. First, a section of the exit tunnel 5 is excavated mechanically. The number of negative Poisson's ratio protection modules 1 required is determined based on the length of each tunnel excavation.

[0047] T2: Leveling the tunnel. Protruding filling bodies are trimmed at the locations where negative Poisson's ratio protection modules 1 are located. The tunnel is trimmed into a regular cross-section. Grooves are excavated in the filling bodies on both sides of the floor 3 to secure the negative Poisson's ratio protection modules 1. The tunnel 5 measures 4.5m x 2.5m. Mechanical rock breaking and paving are used during tunnel excavation to make the tunnel smoother. During tunnel leveling, shotcrete and manual finishing are used to smooth the tunnel, facilitating the placement of structural blocks. The grooves excavated on both sides of the tunnel are 1-1.5m wide and 0.2-0.3m deep.

[0048] T3: After each excavation distance, the negative Poisson's ratio protection modules 1 are sequentially fixed in the grooves of the bottom plate 3 on both sides of the tunnel. The negative Poisson's ratio protection module 1 is a trapezoidal body with protrusions and grooves on both sides. Adjacent structural blocks are connected to each other through their own mortise and tenon structure to form a whole. When installing the structural blocks, they should be wedged together according to the structural block design, relying on the special property of lateral expansion of the negative Poisson's ratio structure when subjected to axial tension to firmly wed. The dimensions of the negative Poisson's ratio protection module 1 are 1m×1m×2.5m, and the dimensions of the module at the mortise and tenon structure are 0.2m×0.1m. The module material is a high-strength plastic with a tensile strength of 100-200Mpa, such as nylon or polyamide.

[0049] T4: After the negative Poisson's ratio protection module 1 is installed in each section of the tunnel, the tunnel roof is reinforced. Anchor rods are installed at the contact points between the top of the negative Poisson's ratio protection module 1 and the roof on both sides of the tunnel. A certain number of anchor rods 7 are installed in sequence according to the spacing. At the same time, anchor nets 8 are laid on the anchor rods to form a supporting whole.

[0050] T5: After all negative Poisson's ratio protection modules 1 are stacked, sandbags 2 are placed on top of the negative Poisson's ratio protection modules 1, and grouting is performed around the gaps to form a complete support structure. When grouting the gaps around the stacked negative Poisson's ratio structure mine tunnel support facilities, the gaps must be filled to form a complete retaining wall structure and prevent cracking along the gaps. At the same time, if there is a gap between the negative Poisson's ratio protection module 1 and the top ore body, sandbags 2 should be filled to make the overall structure more stable.

[0051] T6: After the first section of tunnel support is complete, repeat the above steps until tunnel excavation support is complete, and finally lay the concrete pavement on the floor. The negative Poisson's ratio tunnel support facilities must reach a stress strength sufficient to support the first section of tunnel excavation before proceeding to the next section of tunnel excavation.

[0052] In this embodiment, when the tunnel is uneven, methods such as shotcrete spraying, manual finishing, mechanical rock breaking during tunnel excavation, and masonry leveling can be used to make the tunnel as smooth as possible to facilitate the stacking of structural blocks; the required number of negative Poisson's ratio protection modules and the shape of the structural blocks need to be determined based on the size of the tunnel where the support facilities are located and the filling pressure that needs to be withstood; grooves of appropriate sizes are excavated on both sides of the bottom plate of the mining tunnel so that the bottom of the negative Poisson's ratio protection module can be embedded in the groove to meet the needs of subsequent fixing operations; the negative Poisson's ratio protection modules are stacked and fixed using the negative Poisson's ratio protection module's own structure to engage and connect; after the negative Poisson's ratio protection modules are stacked, the gaps on the negative Poisson's ratio support facilities are grouting-filled, and sandbags are filled into the gaps between the negative Poisson's ratio protection modules and the upper ore body to form a complete support structure; after each section of the negative Poisson's ratio protection module is installed, in order to ensure the stability of the tunnel roof, anchor rods and anchor nets are laid at appropriate intervals on the roof. The construction process of this embodiment is simple, the materials are easily available, and the manufacturing cost is relatively low.

[0053] Those skilled in the art to which this application relates may make various modifications or additions to the described specific embodiments or replace them in a similar manner, but they will not deviate from the inventive concept of this application or exceed the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A construction method for support facilities on both sides of a mine roadway, comprising a high-strength negative Poisson's ratio structure for supporting the mine roadway, characterized in that: The invention comprises a filling body (4), a negative Poisson's ratio protection module (1), an anchor rod (7), an anchor net (8) and a sandbag (2); the filling body (4) and the negative Poisson's ratio protection module (1) are tightly fitted and fixed by a groove at the bottom plate (3); adjacent negative Poisson's ratio protection modules (1) are mutually engaged and connected by a mortise and tenon self-locking structure; the anchor rod (7) is driven at the contact position between the top plate of the mine roadway (5) and the top of the negative Poisson's ratio protection module (1); the anchor net (8) is laid and installed between the anchor rods (7); the sandbag (2) is filled in the gap between the negative Poisson's ratio protection module (1) and the top ore body; The construction method comprises the following steps: T1: After the mining and filling of the stope is completed, it is necessary to excavate a mine tunnel in the filled stope. First, a section of the mine tunnel (5) is excavated mechanically. The number of negative Poisson's ratio protection modules (1) required is determined according to the length of each tunnel excavation. T2: Leveling the tunnel, trimming the protruding filling body at the location where the negative Poisson's ratio protection module (1) has been determined to be arranged, trimming the mine tunnel into a regular cross section, and at the same time, excavating grooves in the filling body on both sides of the bottom plate (3) for fixing the negative Poisson's ratio protection module (1); T3: After each excavation, the negative Poisson's ratio protection module (1) is fixed in sequence in the grooves of the bottom plate (3) on both sides of the tunnel; wherein the negative Poisson's ratio protection module (1) is a trapezoidal body with protrusions and grooves on both sides, and two adjacent structural blocks are connected to each other through their own mortise and tenon structures to form a whole; T4: After the negative Poisson's ratio protection module (1) of each section of the tunnel is installed, the tunnel roof is reinforced, anchor rods are installed at the contact position between the top of the negative Poisson's ratio protection module (1) and the roof on both sides of the tunnel, and a certain number of anchor rods (7) are installed in sequence according to the spacing, and anchor nets (8) are laid on the anchor rods to form a supporting whole; T5: After all the negative Poisson's ratio protection modules (1) are stacked, sandbags (2) are placed on top of the negative Poisson's ratio protection modules (1), and grouting is performed around the gaps to form a complete support structure; T6: After the first section of tunnel support is completed, repeat the above steps until the tunnel excavation and support are completed, and finally lay the concrete pavement on the bottom plate.

2. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The negative Poisson's ratio protection module (1) is a trapezoidal body with convex and concave structures on both sides.

3. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step T2, the size of the mining tunnel (5) is 4.5m×2.5m. When the tunnel is excavated, mechanical rock breaking and masonry leveling methods are used to make the tunnel more flat. When leveling the tunnel, sprayed concrete and manual finishing methods are used to make the tunnel flat and smooth to facilitate the stacking of structural blocks.

4. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step T2, grooves with a width of 1-1.5 m and a depth of 0.2-0.3 m are excavated on both sides of the mine tunnel (5).

5. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step T3, the size of the negative Poisson's ratio protection module (1) is 1m×1m×2.5m, the size of the mortise and tenon structure of the module is 0.2m×0.1m, and the connection between adjacent negative Poisson's ratio protection modules (1) is a structure that can be wedged with each other; the module material is selected from high-strength plastic with a tensile strength of 100-200Mpa, and the high-strength plastic is nylon or polyamide.

6. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step T4, when the structural blocks are longitudinally laid at the preset positions of the support structure, two adjacent longitudinal negative Poisson's ratio protection modules (1) need to be embedded in the bottom plate grooves to be fixed.

7. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step T5, when grouting is performed on the gaps around the stacked negative Poisson's ratio structure mine tunnel support facilities, the gaps need to be filled to make it a complete retaining wall structure and prevent it from cracking along the gaps. At the same time, when there is a gap between the negative Poisson's ratio protection module (1) and the top ore body, sandbags (2) should be filled in to make the overall structure more stable.

8. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step T6, the negative Poisson's ratio structure mine tunnel support facilities must reach the stress strength that can support the first section of tunnel excavation before the next stage of tunnel excavation can be carried out.

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