A self-excited oscillation pulse detonation combustion device and its ignition and detonation method
Through the design of a self-excited oscillation pulse detonation combustion device and the use of guide blocks and resonant cavity structures, the self-sustaining combustion wave and high-frequency ignition are achieved, which solves the self-sustaining problem of the burner without increasing its complexity and improves the reliability and economy of the burner.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411191641.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-28
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-23
- Estimated Expiration
- 2044-08-28
AI Technical Summary
How to achieve self-sustaining detonation combustion without significantly increasing the weight and structural complexity of the burner, and ensure high-frequency stable repeated ignition to achieve continuous work.
A self-excited oscillation pulse detonation combustion device is adopted, including a first detonation combustion chamber, a second detonation combustion chamber and a guide block. Through the "T"-shaped layout and the design of the guide block, a resonant cavity is formed. The focused ignition principle of the combustion wave is used to achieve self-sustaining of the combustion wave, and the guide block is used to guide the flow to the detonation propagation area to perform external work.
The self-sustaining and high-frequency stable ignition of the burner is achieved without increasing the complexity of the structure, the working adaptability and reliability of the pulse detonation burner are improved, and the burner outlet is close to continuous work.
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Figure CN118935460B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of pulse detonation combustion, and more specifically, relates to a self-excited oscillation pulse detonation combustion device and an ignition and detonation method thereof.
[0002] Background
[0003] Combustion is a means for humans to obtain energy, and it is widely used in industrial and agricultural activities. The combustion process can be categorized into two types: slow combustion and detonation combustion. The latter, however, releases heat faster and offers a more efficient thermal cycle. Compared to slow combustion, detonation combustion provides more energy to the engine and is more economical, given the same fuel supply. Therefore, how to stably and efficiently generate detonation combustion within a burner is a pressing issue for those skilled in the art.
[0004] In order to effectively control the detonation combustion process, two main problems need to be solved: one is sufficiently large ignition energy, and the other is high-frequency stable repeated ignition, so as to achieve continuous existence of detonation combustion in the combustion chamber and make it nearly continuous to perform work externally.
[0005] There are still many technical difficulties in achieving self-sustaining detonation combustion without significantly increasing the weight and structural complexity of the burner. Summary of the Invention
[0006] In view of the defects of the related art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a self-excited oscillation pulse detonation combustion device and its ignition and detonation method, aiming to solve the problem of how to achieve self-sustaining detonation combustion of the burner while ensuring the simplicity of the burner structure.
[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a self-excited oscillation pulse detonation combustion device, comprising: a first detonation combustion chamber, a second detonation combustion chamber, a detonation propagation zone and a guide block;
[0008] The first detonation combustion chamber, the second detonation combustion chamber and the detonation propagation zone are arranged in a T-shape and are fixedly connected to each other; the first detonation combustion chamber and the second detonation combustion chamber are symmetrically arranged about the symmetry axis of the detonation propagation zone;
[0009] The first detonation combustion chamber and the second detonation combustion chamber are both closed at one end and open at the other end, and the closed end adopts a concave cavity structure, forming a first shock wave focusing area and a second shock wave focusing area respectively; the openings of the first detonation combustion chamber and the second detonation combustion chamber are arranged opposite to each other, forming a pair of resonant cavities;
[0010] A guide block is arranged between the openings of the first detonation combustion chamber and the second detonation combustion chamber; the tip of the guide block faces the detonation propagation zone, and the blunt end is at a preset distance from the closed end surface of the combustion device, forming a gap area;
[0011] The upper side surface of the guide block is used to guide a portion of the first combustion wave generated after the fuel in the first detonation combustion chamber is ignited and detonated to the detonation propagation area; the gap area at the blunt end of the guide block is used to guide another portion of the first combustion wave to the second detonation combustion chamber. This combustion wave is focused in the second shock wave focusing area to produce a local high-temperature and high-pressure point, which detonates the fuel in the second detonation combustion chamber to generate a second combustion wave that propagates in the opposite direction;
[0012] The guide block is also used to guide the second combustion wave to the detonation propagation area and the first shock wave focusing area, so that the pulse detonation combustion is repeated.
[0013] Optionally, a first oil supply nozzle and a first air supply nozzle are respectively provided on both sides of the first shock wave focusing area.
[0014] Optionally, a second oil supply nozzle and a second air supply nozzle are respectively provided on both sides of the second shock wave focusing area.
[0015] Optionally, the opening ends of the first detonation combustion chamber and the second detonation combustion chamber are connected to the detonation propagation zone.
[0016] Optionally, the tip angle θ of the guide block ranges from 10° to 30°.
[0017] Optionally, the upper and lower side surfaces of the guide block in the vertical direction are planes, arc surfaces or ellipsoidal surfaces.
[0018] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides an ignition and detonation method applied to the self-excited oscillation pulse detonation combustion device according to any one of the first aspects, comprising:
[0019] Inputting fuel and air into the first detonation combustion chamber and the second detonation combustion chamber;
[0020] Ignition and detonation are carried out in the first detonation combustion chamber, so that the generated combustion wave travels back and forth between the first detonation combustion chamber and the second detonation combustion chamber, and focuses in the first shock wave focusing area and the second shock wave focusing area to produce local high temperature and high pressure points, detonating the fuel and air mixture of the next cycle, thereby achieving self-sustaining detonation combustion.
[0021] Compared with the prior art, the above technical solutions conceived by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
[0022] 1. The present invention provides a self-excited oscillation pulse detonation combustion device. This device utilizes a symmetrical arrangement of a first detonation combustion chamber and a second detonation combustion chamber to form a resonant cavity, with a guide block positioned in between to guide the combustion products of the pulse detonation. After ignition and detonation, a portion of the generated combustion wave travels back and forth between the first and second detonation combustion chambers at a certain frequency. When the combustion wave propagating from the first detonation combustion chamber focuses in the second detonation combustion chamber, a localized high-temperature and high-pressure point is generated, igniting the fuel-air mixture in the second detonation combustion chamber with a large ignition energy. Conversely, the fuel-air mixture in the first detonation combustion chamber can be detonated to generate the next cycle of combustion waves. This entire process does not require complex structural attachments or movable layouts, and can achieve self-sustaining pulse detonation combustion. Simultaneously, under the guidance of the guide block, another portion of the combustion wave of the pulse detonation combustion products enters the detonation propagation zone and performs external work. The focused ignition principle of the combustion wave is used to meet the high-energy ignition conditions of pulse detonation combustion. Without significantly increasing the complexity of the burner structure, the two main basic conditions required for pulse detonation combustion are achieved, further improving the operating adaptability and reliability of the pulse detonation burner.
[0023] 2. The present invention provides a self-excited oscillation pulse detonation combustion device, wherein the guide block is triangular-prism-like, with a vertical cross-section that is triangular-like. The upper and lower vertical side surfaces of the guide block are flat, arc-shaped, or ellipsoidal. Arc-shaped or ellipsoidal surfaces provide a better drag reduction effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0024] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a self-excited oscillation pulse detonation combustion device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0025] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a guide block provided in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein (1) and (2) are two structures of the guide block.
[0026] In the above drawings, the same reference numerals represent the same meaning, and the reference numerals are: 1-first fuel supply nozzle, 2-first shock wave focusing area, 3-first air supply nozzle, 4-guide block, 5-detonation propagation area, 6-pulse detonation device outlet, 7-second air supply nozzle, 8-second shock wave focusing area, 9-second fuel supply nozzle, 10-second detonation combustion chamber, 11-first detonation combustion chamber. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0027] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for the purpose of explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
[0028] The contents involved in the above embodiment are described below in conjunction with a preferred embodiment.
[0029] Example 1
[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, a self-excited oscillation pulse detonation combustion device includes: a first detonation combustion chamber 11, a second detonation combustion chamber 10, a detonation propagation zone 5 and a guide block 4;
[0031] The first detonation combustion chamber 11, the second detonation combustion chamber 10 and the detonation propagation zone 5 are arranged in a "T" shape and are fixedly connected to each other; the first detonation combustion chamber 11 and the second detonation combustion chamber 10 are symmetrically arranged about the symmetry axis of the detonation propagation zone 5;
[0032] The first detonation combustion chamber 11 and the second detonation combustion chamber 10 are both closed at one end and open at the other end, and the closed end adopts a concave cavity structure, forming the first shock wave focusing region 2 and the second shock wave focusing region 8 respectively; the openings of the first detonation combustion chamber 11 and the second detonation combustion chamber 10 are arranged opposite to each other, forming a pair of resonant cavities;
[0033] A guide block 4 is arranged between the openings of the first detonation combustion chamber 11 and the second detonation combustion chamber 10; the tip of the guide block 4 faces the detonation propagation zone, and the blunt end is at a preset distance from the closed end surface of the combustion device, forming a gap area;
[0034] The upper side surface of the guide block 4 is used to guide a portion of the first combustion wave generated after the fuel in the first detonation combustion chamber 11 is ignited and detonated to the detonation propagation zone 5; the gap area at the blunt end of the guide block 4 is used to guide another portion of the first combustion wave to the second detonation combustion chamber 10. This combustion wave is focused in the second shock wave focusing area 8 to produce a local high-temperature and high-pressure point, which detonates the fuel in the second detonation combustion chamber 10 and generates a second combustion wave that propagates in the opposite direction.
[0035] The guide block 4 is also used to guide the second combustion wave to the detonation propagation area 5 and the first shock wave focusing area 2, so that the pulse detonation combustion is repeated.
[0036] Optionally, a first oil supply nozzle 1 and a first air supply nozzle 3 are respectively provided on both sides of the first shock wave focusing area 2 .
[0037] Optionally, a second oil supply nozzle 9 and a second air supply nozzle 7 are respectively provided on both sides of the second shock wave focusing area 8 .
[0038] Optionally, the opening ends of the first detonation combustion chamber 11 and the second detonation combustion chamber 10 are connected to the detonation propagation zone 5 .
[0039] When a self-excited oscillation pulse detonation combustion device provided by an embodiment of the present invention starts working, the fuel and air enter the first detonation combustion chamber 11 through the first oil supply nozzle 1 and the first air supply nozzle 3 respectively. After ignition and detonation in the first detonation combustion chamber 11, the generated first combustion wave propagates toward the second detonation combustion chamber 10 arranged oppositely. When passing through the guide block 4, under the guidance and blocking action of the upper side of the guide block 4, a part of the first combustion wave is introduced into the detonation propagation zone 5, and the other part of the first combustion wave enters the second detonation combustion chamber 10 through the gap area at the blunt end of the guide block 4. This part of the first combustion wave propagates along the second detonation combustion chamber 10. When it reaches the second shock wave focusing zone 8 at the closed end of the second detonation combustion chamber 10, a combustion wave focusing phenomenon occurs, generating a local high temperature and high pressure point, and the ignition energy is sufficient to detonate the premixed fuel and air mixture in the second detonation combustion chamber 10. The second combustion wave generated after detonation in the second detonation combustion chamber 10 will propagate in the opposite direction toward the first detonation combustion chamber 11. When passing through the guide block 4, under the guiding and blocking action of the lower side of the guide block 4, a part of the second combustion wave is introduced into the detonation propagation zone 5, and the other part of the second combustion wave is projected into the first detonation combustion chamber 11 through the gap area at the blunt end of the guide block 4. The projected second combustion wave propagates along the first detonation combustion chamber 11. When it reaches the first shock wave focusing area 2 at the closed end of the first detonation combustion chamber 11, a combustion wave focusing phenomenon occurs, resulting in a local high temperature and high pressure point. The ignition energy is sufficient to detonate the premixed fuel and air mixture in the first detonation combustion chamber 11, and the self-sustaining pulse detonation combustion is achieved over and over again.
[0040] The detonation waves generated in the first detonation combustion chamber 11 and the second detonation combustion chamber 10 propagate at the speed of sound. Therefore, at the burner scale, the frequency of the combustion waves burning back and forth in the resonant cavity formed by the first detonation combustion chamber 11 and the second detonation combustion chamber 10 can reach kilohertz, making the state of the burner pulse detonation device outlet 6 close to continuous, further improving the reliability and economy of the pulse detonation burner.
[0041] On the basis of the above embodiment, further, the upper and lower side surfaces of the guide block in the vertical direction are planes, arc surfaces or ellipsoidal surfaces.
[0042] like Figure 1 As shown, the guide block 4 is in the shape of a triangular prism, and the cross section of the guide block 4 in the vertical direction is a triangular shape. Figure 2As shown in (1), the guide block 4 is a triangular prism, with its bottom facing the closed end face of the combustion device and its top facing the detonation propagation area, and its cross section in the vertical direction is a triangle. Figure 2 As shown in (2), the guide block 4 is a triangular prism, with its bottom facing the closed end face of the combustion device and its top facing the detonation propagation area. The cross section in the vertical direction is a triangular prism, with two sides of the triangular prism being arc-shaped. The side surfaces are arc-shaped or ellipsoidal, thereby achieving a drag reduction effect.
[0043] Optionally, the tip angle θ of the guide block 4 ranges from 10° to 30°.
[0044] The guide block 4 utilizes the surface wedge to partially reflect the detonation waves generated in the first detonation combustion chamber 11 and the second detonation combustion chamber 10 into the detonation propagation zone 5, generating the supercharging effect of the detonation combustion. If the angle is too small, most of the detonation waves will be reflected back to the first detonation combustion chamber 11 and the second detonation combustion chamber 10 by the solid wall, affecting the supercharging effect of the downstream detonation combustion and reducing thrust. If the angle is too large, some of the detonation waves will be diffracted, also affecting the supercharging effect of the downstream detonation combustion and reducing thrust. Therefore, in this embodiment, the angle range of 10° to 30° is preferred, and the guide block 4 is given a certain thickness to improve the strength of the component.
[0045] The embodiment of the present invention provides a self-excited oscillation pulse detonation combustion device. By using the principle of resonant propagation of unstable waves in a resonant cavity, the basic conditions for high-frequency oscillation of pulse detonation combustion are constructed between the first detonation combustion chamber and the second detonation combustion chamber. Then, by constructing the first shock wave focusing area and the second shock wave focusing area at the closed ends of the first detonation combustion chamber and the second detonation combustion chamber, the focused ignition principle of the combustion wave is used to meet the high-energy ignition conditions of pulse detonation combustion. This solves the problem of how to achieve self-sustaining detonation combustion of the burner while ensuring the simplicity of the burner structure. Without significantly increasing the complexity of the burner structure, the two main basic conditions required for pulse detonation combustion are achieved, further improving the working condition adaptability and reliability of the pulse detonation burner.
[0046] Example 2
[0047] The present invention further provides an ignition and detonation method for the self-excited oscillation pulse detonation combustion device as described in any one of the first embodiments, comprising:
[0048] Inputting fuel and air into the first detonation combustion chamber and the second detonation combustion chamber;
[0049] Ignition and detonation are carried out in the first detonation combustion chamber, so that the generated combustion wave travels back and forth between the first detonation combustion chamber and the second detonation combustion chamber, and focuses in the first shock wave focusing area and the second shock wave focusing area to produce local high temperature and high pressure points, detonating the fuel and air mixture of the next cycle, thereby achieving self-sustaining detonation combustion.
[0050] When the self-excited oscillation pulse detonation combustion device is working, the fuel and air enter the first detonation combustion chamber through the first oil supply nozzle and the first air supply nozzle respectively, and a combustible mixture is formed in the first detonation combustion chamber where a shock wave focusing reaction can occur, waiting for ignition and detonation combustion; after ignition and detonation, the generated first combustion wave passes through the guide block and propagates toward the second detonation combustion chamber arranged oppositely, forming a pulse shock wave at the front end of the second shock combustion chamber. When the pulse shock wave reaches the second shock wave focusing area, a shock wave reflection and focusing phenomenon occurs, and a high temperature and high pressure area is generated at the local position. The ignition energy is sufficient to directly detonate the combustible mixture at this position before, triggering detonation combustion. The combustion wave of the detonation combustion passes through the guide block and returns to the first shock wave focusing area of the first detonation combustion chamber to generate a shock wave reflection and focusing phenomenon, detonating the fuel and air mixture of the next cycle, and repeating the cycle to achieve self-sustaining pulse detonation combustion.
[0051] The ignition and detonation method of a self-excited oscillation pulse detonation combustion device provided in an embodiment of the present invention is applied to a self-excited oscillation pulse detonation combustion device provided in any embodiment of the present invention, and has corresponding functional modules and beneficial effects.
[0052] It will be easily understood by those skilled in the art that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A self-excited oscillation pulse detonation combustion device, characterized in that: include: A first detonation combustion chamber, a second detonation combustion chamber, a detonation propagation zone and a guide block; The first detonation combustion chamber, the second detonation combustion chamber and the detonation propagation zone are arranged in a "T" shape and are fixedly connected to each other; the first detonation combustion chamber and the second detonation combustion chamber are symmetrically arranged about the symmetry axis of the detonation propagation zone; The first detonation combustion chamber and the second detonation combustion chamber are both closed at one end and open at the other end, and the closed end adopts a concave cavity structure, forming a first shock wave focusing area and a second shock wave focusing area respectively; The openings of the first detonation combustion chamber and the second detonation combustion chamber are arranged opposite to each other to form a pair of resonance cavities; A guide block is arranged between the openings of the first detonation combustion chamber and the second detonation combustion chamber; the tip of the guide block faces the detonation propagation zone, and the blunt end is at a preset distance from the closed end surface of the combustion device, forming a gap area; the upper side surface of the guide block is used to guide a part of the first combustion wave generated after the fuel in the first detonation combustion chamber is ignited and detonated to the detonation propagation zone; the gap area at the blunt end of the guide block is used to guide another part of the first combustion wave to the second detonation combustion chamber, and this combustion wave is focused in the second shock wave focusing area to produce a local high temperature and high pressure point, which detonates the fuel in the second detonation combustion chamber and generates a second combustion wave that propagates in the opposite direction; The guide block is also used to guide the second combustion wave to the detonation propagation area and the first shock wave focusing area, so that the pulse detonation combustion is repeated.
2. The self-excited oscillation pulse detonation combustion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first oil supply nozzle and a first air supply nozzle are respectively provided on both sides of the first shock wave focusing area.
3. The self-excited oscillation pulse detonation combustion device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A second oil supply nozzle and a second air supply nozzle are respectively provided on both sides of the second shock wave focusing area.
4. The self-excited oscillation pulse detonation combustion device according to claim 3, characterized in that: Open ends of the first detonation combustion chamber and the second detonation combustion chamber are connected to the detonation propagation zone.
5. The self-excited oscillation pulse detonation combustion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The value range of the tip opening angle θ of the guide block is 10° to 30°.
6. The self-excited oscillation pulse detonation combustion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper and lower side surfaces of the guide block in the vertical direction are plane, arc surface or ellipsoidal surface.
7. An ignition and detonation method applied to the self-excited oscillation pulse detonation combustion device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: include: Inputting fuel and air into the first detonation combustion chamber and the second detonation combustion chamber; Ignition and detonation are carried out in the first detonation combustion chamber, so that the generated combustion wave travels back and forth between the first detonation combustion chamber and the second detonation combustion chamber, and focuses in the first shock wave focusing area and the second shock wave focusing area to produce local high temperature and high pressure points, detonating the fuel and air mixture of the next cycle, thereby achieving self-sustaining detonation combustion.
Citation Information
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