Acid gas medium emergency disposal integrated device and emergency disposal method

Abstract

The present invention relates to an integrated device and method for emergency disposal of acidic gas media. The device consists of a Venturi decontamination unit, a vertical composite shell-containing cyclone unit, a liquid replenishment guide blade unit, and an inverted cone-shaped ring-chain heterogeneous fiber mesh unit. The Venturi decontamination unit uses external power to inhale acidic gas and mix it with decontamination liquid for atomization to achieve preliminary treatment; the gas-liquid mixture enters the vertical composite shell-containing cyclone unit for cyclone separation, the liquid replenishment guide blade unit achieves secondary decontamination and liquid film interception, and the inverted cone-shaped fiber mesh unit captures and aggregates small droplets, ultimately achieving deep separation of gas and liquid. The device integrates atomization decontamination, cyclone separation, and fiber agglomeration separation technologies, has a compact structure, high separation efficiency, and is suitable for emergency treatment in industrial plants. The manufacturing process is simple, maintenance is convenient, and it can effectively improve the pollutant removal rate and reduce environmental hazards.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of emergency disposal of acidic hazardous gas media, and in particular to an integrated device and an emergency disposal method for emergency disposal of acidic gas media. Technical Background

[0002] Currently, my country's industrialization is accelerating, and fossil fuels such as coal and charcoal are widely used in industry, playing a crucial role in promoting the country's economic development. However, the coal chemical industry inevitably produces large amounts of ammoniacal and sulfuric acid waste gases, which severely damage the natural ecosystem and human health. They also cause corrosion to machinery and equipment, impacting their efficiency and service life. Therefore, vigorously innovating and developing acid gas disposal technologies is an effective way to address the social and environmental hazards posed by the chemical industry.

[0003] During industrial production, leaks of acidic hazardous gases during production, transportation, storage, handling, or discharge can cause significant harm to humans, animals, plants, the environment, and facilities. Emergency response is about quickly controlling and addressing the danger of leaks to prevent further damage. Therefore, we must vigorously develop emergency response equipment to protect public safety.

[0004] Cyclone separation is a field separation method that uses the centrifugal force of a swirling flow to separate two phases based on their density difference. It is a physical separation technology for heterogeneous systems and is commonly used for the separation and classification of fine particles. A cyclone is a highly efficient unit device that uses cyclone separation technology to separate multiphase systems. However, due to the constraints of turbulent diffusion and the influence of fluid phase differences, cyclone separation alone can only achieve gas-solid, liquid-solid, or gas-liquid separations with large density differences. In actual acid gas treatment applications, it is often combined with other separation methods to achieve deeper gas-liquid separation.

[0005] Fiber agglomeration separation refers to the use of fiber materials with special properties to separate mixtures through a specific fiber combination structure in a specific separation system. Fiber agglomeration deliquification utilizes the different affinities of fiber agglomeration materials for liquids and gases to achieve gas-liquid separation. During the separation process, after the droplets collide with the agglomeration material, they will adhere to the surface of the hydrophilic fiber agglomeration material based on the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of the fiber agglomeration material. As the number of droplets increases, adjacent droplets will collide and coalesce into droplets with larger particle sizes. When the droplets reach a certain size, they fall off the fiber surface, thereby achieving gas-liquid separation. However, its separation effect is easily affected by factors such as fiber materials, surfactants, and combination structures. In actual acid gas treatment applications, it is necessary to select fiber materials with high density and corrosion resistance arranged in a specific structure.

[0006] A Chinese invention patent (CN201510312401.5) discloses a multi-stage cyclone gas deliquidation method and deliquidator. This invention uses multiple groups of vertically installed, multi-stage cyclone deliquidators to remove the liquid carried in the gas. The gas carrying the liquid is separated into gas and liquid by coaxially installed multi-stage cyclones in series. The liquid separated by each stage of the cyclone is collected into an independent liquid area after the outlet of the cyclone at this stage. The liquid area is isolated from the gas and discharged from the drain pipe arranged in the isolation area. The gas enters the next stage of the cyclone in turn to continue gas-liquid separation, and the liquid is drawn out in turn. However, the device only relies on the centrifugal force generated when the force exerted on the liquid particles in the cyclone field is greater than the Stokes resistance to separate the gas and liquid. The particle size of the cyclone separation droplets has a lower limit. Excessive flow will cause secondary breakage of the droplets, reducing the efficiency of gas-liquid separation. In addition, the device occupies a large area and has a high investment cost.

[0007] A Chinese invention patent (CN201320437220.1) discloses a wet flue gas desulfurization tower. This invention improves the nozzle structure and adopts a low-pressure atomizing nozzle with a short double-helix large flow channel structure. The nozzle core structure is coordinated with the flow channel diameter, the inner diameter of the nozzle hollow sleeve, the nozzle hole diameter, the slurry supply pipe liquid pressure, and a vortex chamber is provided for the convergence of the vortex flow. It can form a hollow conical spray with small droplet size, uniform liquid mist distribution, and a spray angle of 90° to 150°. This further promotes the uniformity of the rising flue gas distribution, and the spray layer washing area has sufficient and uniform gas-liquid contact, effectively avoiding the phenomenon of flue gas crossflow. However, this device only relies on the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the blades to separate the gas and liquid. The separation droplet size has a lower limit, and it cannot effectively separate the gas and liquid of tiny droplets.

[0008] A Chinese invention patent (CN202410038902.8) discloses an in-situ adaptive emergency disposal device for high-risk chlorine medium leakage. This invention addresses the problem of efficient in-situ emergency disposal of high-risk chlorine medium leakage. By exploring the correlation mechanism of turbulent flow, particle motion and chlorine medium transfer in the high-risk chlorine medium decontamination process, exploring the reaction and regulation mechanism of high-risk chlorine medium atomization decontamination, and exploring the separation mechanism enhanced by multi-stage cyclone coupling, a high-risk chlorine medium atomization decontamination-cyclone separation model was established, and a high-risk chlorine medium atomization decontamination-cyclone separation coupling technology was developed. An integrated equipment for in-situ, efficient and adaptive emergency disposal of high-risk chlorine media was developed, realizing efficient in-situ emergency disposal of typical high-risk chlorine medium leakage. However, the device only relies on multi-stage cyclones in series and parallel for gas-liquid separation. The cyclone separation droplet size has a lower limit, and the outlet is only provided with a spraying link, so the gas-liquid separation effect has inevitable limitations. In addition, the decontamination effect of the device will be affected by the volume of the storage tank and the waste liquid tank over time.

[0009] Therefore, conventional devices that rely solely on multi-stage cyclonic centrifugal separation in series and parallel for gas-liquid separation, as well as complete isolation of traditional media decontamination and multiphase separation processes, are no longer able to meet the requirements of the domestic chemical industry for emergency disposal of hazardous gas media. It is necessary to develop a novel device that couples and integrates multiple disposal methods to address these technical shortcomings of existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a new type of integrated device for emergency disposal of acidic gas media, which has the advantages of compact structure, high separation efficiency, easy maintenance and convenient operation, in order to solve the problems of existing acidic gas treatment equipment systems, such as large footprint, many grading components, low separation efficiency, serious liquid entrainment phenomenon and limited application scope.

[0011] Invention ideas

[0012] The commonly used method for treating acidic gases in my country's industry is to treat the acidic gases in an absorption tower, neutralization tank, sedimentation tank and other equipment in a step-by-step manner according to the composition of the acidic gases. During this treatment process, different cleaning solvents with different components are required for different acidic gas components. This treatment process is complex, occupies a large area, is costly, has poor adaptability and poor treatment effect.

[0013] The idea of ​​this invention is to address the emergency disposal challenges faced by leaks of acidic hazardous gas media in the chemical industry. By studying the correlation mechanism between turbulent flow transmission and micro-interface mass transfer reactions during the disposal of acidic hazardous gas media, this invention develops an integrated technology and equipment for emergency disposal of acidic hazardous gas media based on the coupling principle of atomization decontamination-cyclonic separation-fiber agglomeration, thus achieving efficient, convenient, integrated and in-depth emergency disposal of acidic hazardous gas media. Specifically:

[0014] 1. An external suction power device is connected to the vertical composite shell-containing cyclone unit to provide a negative pressure environment for the Venturi decontamination unit. The acidic hazardous gas medium is sucked into the Venturi tube along with the negative pressure airflow. At the same time, the decontamination liquid is also pressed into the Venturi tube through the decontamination pipe and broken into atomized droplets by the pressure atomization action of the decontamination nozzle. The droplets are mixed with the acidic hazardous gas medium in the Venturi tube to undergo a decontamination operation. When the atomized droplets pass through the tapered section of the Venturi tube, the gas velocity increases, the shear force on the surface of the atomized droplets increases, and the atomized droplets are broken into smaller droplets with an increased specific surface area, which is more conducive to the reaction with the acidic hazardous gas medium. The small droplets and the acidic hazardous gas medium continue to undergo a decontamination reaction in the Venturi tube until they enter the vertical composite shell-containing cyclone unit tangentially through the pipeline.

[0015] 2. The gas-liquid two-phase fluid composed of residual acidic hazardous gas medium, air, and cleaning liquid enters the vertical composite shell cyclone unit tangentially from the bottom inlet through the pipeline. The guide vanes force the gas-liquid two-phase fluid to produce forced cyclonic motion. The smaller droplets collide and merge in the cyclonic field to become larger droplets. Due to the difference in density and size, the gas-liquid two-phase has different dynamic characteristics under the coupling of the cyclonic field and the gravity field, and is given different migration speeds and displacements. The liquid phase with a larger density is transferred to the vertical The composite shell-containing cyclone unit contains the side wall of the shell cylindrical section and the side wall of the cylindrical section. The droplets thrown to the side wall of the cylindrical section gather and flow along the side wall into the pre-buried drainage pipe of the shell cylindrical section, thereby being discharged from the device to achieve one-time separation of gas and liquid; at the same time, the liquid replenishment nozzle in the liquid replenishment guide blade unit replenishes liquid through an external power device. When the liquid replenishment nozzle sprays at a certain angle, a uniform liquid film will be formed on the guide blade. When the gas-liquid two-phase fluid passes through, the liquid film will be broken and intercepted to achieve secondary disinfection. The specific surface area of ​​the broken small droplets is increased, which is more conducive to reacting with the acidic hazardous gas medium.

[0016] 3. The gas carrying small droplets continues to swirl upward in the vertical composite shell-containing cyclone unit to the cylindrical section, where it passes through the inverted conical ring-chain heterogeneous fiber mesh unit. The annular fiber structure has a large specific surface area, which captures a large number of small droplets and aggregates them on the hydrophilic fibers. As the number of small droplets increases, adjacent small droplets collide and merge into larger droplets. When the droplets reach a certain size, they fall off under the action of gravity. Small and medium-sized droplets are guided by the hydrophobic fibers in a barrier manner and enter the two strip fiber chains along the annular woven structure. Under the action of the hydrophobic fibers in the strip fiber chains, the droplets will quickly pass through the strip fiber chains. In this process, small and medium-sized droplets are also coalesced. Droplets that reach a certain size will also fall off under the action of gravity. The remaining small and medium-sized droplets enter the two lower annular fiber structures. This process is repeated in multiple stages until the droplets fall off the fibers along the drainage needle and enter the guide tube. The clean gas phase is extracted from the tangential outlet by an external suction power device.

[0017] 4. This device has the characteristics of simple design process, compact and integrated structure, and easy operation. It can be placed at the acidic hazardous gas medium pipeline in the industrial plant. When the acidic hazardous gas medium leaks, the device can be directly connected to the leak point to achieve efficient emergency disposal of the acidic hazardous gas medium.

[0018] In summary, the integrated device for emergency disposal of acidic gas media of the present invention can realize efficient, convenient, integrated and deep-level emergency disposal of acidic hazardous gas media.

[0019] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0020] An integrated emergency disposal device for acidic gas medium, characterized in that the device includes a Venturi decontamination unit, a vertical composite shell-containing cyclone unit, a liquid replenishment diversion blade unit, and an inverted conical ring-chain heterogeneous fiber mesh unit;

[0021] The vertical composite shell-containing cyclone unit is connected to an external suction power device. The vertical composite shell-containing cyclone unit includes a vertical cylinder with a single-layer side wall at the upper part and a double-layer side wall with a shell layer at the lower part. The cylinder is successively divided into a hollow cylindrical section located in the single-layer side wall part, a shell-containing cylindrical section located in the double-layer side wall part, and a shell-containing inverted cone from top to bottom. The lower end of the shell-containing inverted cone is a waste liquid outlet. A drainage pipe is buried in the double-layer side wall of the cylinder, and the drainage pipes are evenly arranged along the axis of the cylinder around the inner side wall of the cylinder; a tangential inlet is provided on the lower side wall of the shell-containing cylindrical section. The liquid replenishment diversion blade unit is fixedly connected inside the shell-containing cylindrical section, above the tangential inlet. The inverted conical ring-chain heterogeneous fiber mesh unit is fixedly connected inside the hollow cylindrical section, directly above the liquid replenishment diversion blade unit and coaxial with the liquid replenishment diversion blade unit;

[0022] The Venturi decontamination unit includes a Venturi tube, a decontamination nozzle, and a decontamination pipe. The decontamination nozzle is connected to the decontamination pipe, located in the converging pipe section of the Venturi tube and coaxial with the Venturi tube. The Venturi tube is tangentially connected to the vertical composite shell-containing cyclone unit at the tangential inlet of the shell-containing cylindrical section;

[0023] ​​​​​​The length-to-diameter ratio L1 / D1 of the Venturi inlet section is 0.5-1.5, the tapering angle α1 of the tapering section is 10-20°, the length-to-diameter ratio L2 / D2 of the throat section is 1.5-4, the expansion angle β1 of the expansion section is 6-10°, and the decontamination nozzle is a KZ hollow cone nozzle, the outlet section length-to-hole ratio L3 / D3 of which is 2-5, and the nozzle outlet contraction angle θ1 is 30-65°.

[0026] The length-to-diameter ratio L4 / D4 of the hollow cylindrical section of the vertical composite shell-containing rotation unit is 1.5 to 2, the length-to-diameter ratio L5 / D5 of the shell-containing cylindrical section is 2 to 5, and the cone angle α2 of the shell-containing inverted cone section is 40 to 60°; the width W1 of the tangential inlet is 1 / 8 to 1 / 4 of the diameter D5 of the shell-containing cylindrical section, the height H1 is 1 / 7 to 1 / 3 of the diameter D5 of the shell-containing cylindrical section, and the distance △d1 from the shell-containing inverted cone section is 1 / 20 to 1 / 10 of the length L5 of the shell-containing cylindrical section; the number of the tangential inlets is 1 to 4.

[0027] The pre-buried drainage pipe of the vertical composite shell-containing rotary unit is located in the side walls of the shell-containing cylindrical section and the shell-containing inverted cone section. Its length L6 is 11 / 10 to 9 / 5 of the length L5 of the shell-containing cylindrical section, and its diameter D6 is 1 / 10 to 1 / 5 of the diameter D5 of the shell-containing cylindrical section. The number of the pre-buried drainage pipes ranges from 2 to 12.

[0028] The distance △d2 between the liquid infusion guide blade unit and the tangential inlet is 1 / 20 to 1 / 10 of the length L5 of the shell cylindrical section; the number of layers of the guide blades is 2 to 8, the interval △d3 between adjacent blades is 1 / 40 to 1 / 15 of the length L5 of the shell cylindrical section, and the blade thickness d is 1 / 30 to 1 / 15 of the interval △d3 between adjacent blades; the guide pipe is coaxial with the vertical composite shell rotary unit, and its length L7 is 1 to 3 / 2 of the length L5 of the shell cylindrical section, and its diameter D7 is 1 / 12 to 1 / 2 of the diameter D5 of the shell cylindrical section. 6; The rehydration nozzle is located on the lower side of the guide vane, and the angle α3 with the upper blade in the direction parallel to the guide vane ranges from 15 to 60°, and the spacing △d4 with the upper blade is 1 / 2 to 1 of the adjacent blade spacing △d3; The rehydration nozzle is a standard Silvent Laval type nozzle, its tapering angle α4 is 10 to 20°, the diverging angle β2 is 6 to 15°, and its aspect ratio L8 / D8 is 1.3 to 4; the number of the single-layer rehydration nozzles is 2 to 6, the spacing angle between adjacent nozzles is 60 to 180°, and they are evenly distributed along the central axis.

[0029] The diameter D9 of the inverted cone-shaped ring-chain heterogeneous fiber mesh unit is 3 / 4 to 1 of the diameter D4 of the hollow cylindrical section, and the fan-shaped inverted cone angle β3 is 45 to 90 degrees.

[0030] The hydrophilic fiber is a polyacrylonitrile hydrophilic fiber with hydrophilic groups introduced by copolymerization, and its moisture content under standard conditions is greater than 4.5%. The hydrophobic fiber is a hydrophobic fiber with methyl methacrylate transferred by atom transfer radical polymerization. The stainless steel fiber is a 316L stainless steel fiber formed by multiple bundle drawing.

[0031] The present invention also provides an acid gas medium emergency disposal method, characterized in that the method comprises:

[0032] The acidic gas medium is sucked into the Venturi decontamination unit by an external suction power device, and reacts with the atomized decontamination liquid formed by the decontamination nozzle and also sucked into the Venturi decontamination unit. This process is the primary decontamination of the acidic gas medium. Subsequently, the acidic gas medium and the decontamination waste liquid enter the vertical composite shell-containing cyclone unit tangentially through the outlet of the Venturi tube, and the liquid replenishing nozzle in the liquid replenishing guide vane unit replenishes the liquid. The liquid film is broken and intercepted on the guide vane. This process is the secondary decontamination of the acidic gas medium. At the same time, droplets coalesce and separate on the guide vanes in the liquid replenishment guide vane unit. This process is the primary separation of the gas-liquid two-phase medium; the gas carrying small droplets continues to swirl upward, passes through the inverted cone ring-chain heterogeneous fiber mesh unit, and is intercepted by the hydrophilic-hydrophobic ring-chain heterogeneous fiber mesh, where droplets coalesce and separate. This process is the secondary separation of the gas-liquid two-phase medium. Finally, the clean gas phase is extracted from the tangential outlet by the external suction power device, and the liquid phase enters the guide pipe and is discharged from the waste liquid outlet.

[0033] The cleaning solution is a composite alkaline cleaning solution with a pH value range of 7.5 to 12. It is mainly composed of 50% to 90% by mass of an alkaline medium, 10% to 35% of a surfactant, and 15% to 30% of a builder. The alkaline medium is a combined solution of one or more selected from sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium cresol; the surfactant is a combined ion substance selected from one or more of hydroxyl groups, sulfonate groups, and tertiary amino groups; and the builder is a combined inorganic substance selected from one or more selected from sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium sulfate, and sodium silicate.

[0034] Beneficial effects

[0035] This invention integrates atomization decontamination, cyclonic separation, and fiber agglomeration technology within a confined space, leveraging the cyclonic fluid motion and the hydrophilic-hydrophobic properties of the fiber agglomeration material to simultaneously achieve efficient decontamination of hazardous acid gas media and deep gas-liquid separation. This device boasts a compact structure, small footprint, simple construction, low manufacturing cost, and easy maintenance. It can be directly installed at the end of a pipeline carrying hazardous acid gas media, replacing a multi-stage, tiered acid gas disposal system. Compared to existing technologies, this significantly reduces the difficulty and costs of deep acid gas treatment, offering significant economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. They only constitute a part of this specification to further explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention.

[0037] In the drawings, various parts are not necessarily drawn according to actual scale.

[0038] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the device principle of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 2 It is the overall assembly drawing of the device of the present invention.

[0040] Among them, the figure marks represent the following components and devices respectively, 11: Venturi tube, 12: Decontamination nozzle, 13: Decontamination pipe, 21: Vertical composite shell-containing cyclone unit, 22: Drainage pipe, 31: Rehydration nozzle, 32: Guide blade 33: Guide pipe, 41: Hydrophilic-hydrophobic fiber woven mesh, 42: Drainage needle.

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure and dimensions of the Venturi decontamination unit of the device of the present invention.

[0042] Among them, the figure marks represent the following components and devices respectively, 111: inlet section, 112: convergent section, 113: throat section, 114: divergent section, 12: disinfection nozzle, 13: disinfection pipe.

[0043] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structural dimensions of the shell-containing cyclone cylinder of the device of the present invention.

[0044] The reference numerals represent the following components and devices respectively: 211: cylindrical segment, 212: cylindrical segment with shell, 213: inverted cone with shell, 22: drainage tube, 41: annular braided structural fiber, 42: strip fiber chain.

[0045] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structural dimensions of the guide vanes with liquid replenishment in the device of the present invention.

[0046] The reference numerals represent the following components and devices respectively: 31: liquid replenishing nozzle; 32: guide blade; 33: guide pipe.

[0047] Figure 6(a) is a schematic diagram of the structure and dimensions of the KZ hollow cone nozzle of the device of the present invention

[0048] Figure 6(b) is a schematic diagram of the structure and dimensions of the standard Silvent Laval nozzle of the device of the present invention

[0049] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the mesh structure woven from annular fiber structure and strip fiber chain

[0050] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the fiber bundle weaving structure of annular fiber structure

[0051] The reference numerals represent the following components and devices, respectively: 411: hydrophilic fiber, 412: hydrophobic fiber, 413: stainless steel fiber.

[0052] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the cross section of an inverted cone ring-chain heterogeneous fiber network unit DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples. However, it should be understood that these examples are intended to illustrate the present invention only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The test methods in the following examples, where specific conditions are not specified, were generally performed under conventional conditions or as recommended by the manufacturer. Unless otherwise indicated, all percentages and parts are by weight.

[0054] Example 1:

[0055] A thermal power plant in Henan Province uses the device of the present invention to wash and separate acidic gas pollutants in the exhaust gas of existing gas-fired power generation boilers. The exhaust gas flow rate is 20,000m 3 / h, sulfur dioxide content is about 150mg / m 3 .

[0056] Design parameters: Figure 2The device of the present invention is assembled, using an alkaline cleaning solution with a w(NAOH) content of 60% and a w(Na3PO4) content of 30%, wherein the Venturi inlet section has an aspect ratio L1 / D1 of 1.3, D1 = 300 mm, a tapering angle α1 of the tapering section of 12°, a throat section aspect ratio L2 / D2 of 3, D2 = 150 mm, a gradually expanding section angle β1 of 10°, an outlet section long hole ratio L3 / D3 of 2.7, D3 = 20 mm, a nozzle outlet contraction angle θ1 of 45°, and a vertical composite shell-containing swirl unit. The length-to-diameter ratio L4 / D4 of the cylindrical section of the vertical composite shell-containing cyclone unit is 2, D4 = 400 mm, the length-to-diameter ratio L5 / D5 of the shell-containing cylindrical section of the vertical composite shell-containing cyclone unit is 3, D5 = 250 mm, the cone angle α2 of the shell-containing inverted cone section is 60°, the tangential inlet width W1 of the vertical composite shell-containing cyclone unit is 1 / 6 of the shell-containing cylindrical section diameter D5, the height H1 is 1 / 7 of the shell-containing cylindrical section diameter D5, the distance △d1 from the shell-containing inverted cone section is 1 / 15 of the shell-containing cylindrical section length L5, the number of tangential inlets of the vertical composite shell-containing cyclone unit is 3, and the vertical composite shell-containing cyclone unit has 3 tangential inlets. The length L6 of the pre-buried drainage pipe of the cyclone unit is 6 / 5 of the length L5 of the shell cylindrical section, and the diameter D6 is 1 / 10 of the diameter D5 of the shell cylindrical section. The number of the pre-buried drainage pipes is 6, and the tangential inlet distance △d2 between the liquid infusion guide blade unit and the vertical composite shell cyclone unit is 1 / 20 of the length L5 of the shell cylindrical section; the number of the guide blade layers is 6, the interval △d3 between adjacent blades is 1 / 30 of the length L5 of the shell cylindrical section, and the blade thickness d is 1 / 20 of the interval △d3 between adjacent blades; the length L7 of the guide pipe is 6 / 5 of the length L5 of the shell cylindrical section. / 5, the diameter D7 is 1 / 7 of the diameter D5 of the shell-containing cylindrical section, the angle α3 between the liquid replenishment nozzle and the upper blade in the parallel direction is 60°, the spacing △d4 between the upper blade and the upper blade is 1 / 2 of the adjacent blade spacing △d3, the liquid replenishment nozzle tapering angle α4 is 15°, the gradual expansion angle β2 range is 8°, the aspect ratio L8 / D8 is 2, the number of liquid replenishment nozzles on each layer is 2, and the liquid replenishment nozzles on each layer are rotated 90° around the central axis of the liquid replenishment guide blade unit, the diameter D9 of the inverted conical ring-chain heterogeneous fiber web unit is 3 / 4 of the cylindrical section diameter D4, and the fan-shaped inverted cone angle β3 is 60°.

[0057] Application effect: After being treated by the device of the present invention, the removal rate of sulfur dioxide, an acidic gas pollutant in the exhaust gas of gas-fired power generation boilers, reaches 95%, that is, the sulfur dioxide concentration is 7.5 mg / m 3 , in compliance with the national GB 13271-2014 emission standard (the emission concentration limit of sulfur dioxide, an atmospheric pollutant of gas boilers, is 50mg / m 3 ).

[0058] Example 2:

[0059] An electronics company in Guangdong Province uses the device of the present invention to wash and separate acidic gas pollutants in its exhaust gas. The exhaust gas flow rate is 15000m3 / h and the sulfur dioxide content is about 60mg / m 3 , the hydrogen fluoride content is about 95mg / m 3 .

[0060] Design parameters: Figure 2 The device of the present invention is assembled, using an alkaline cleaning solution with w(NAOH)70%, w(Na3CO3)20%, wherein the Venturi inlet section has an aspect ratio L1 / D1 of 1.1, D1=450mm, a tapering angle α1 of the tapering section is 20°, a throat section aspect ratio L2 / D2 is 2, D2=300mm, a gradually expanding section angle β1 is 8°, an outlet section long hole ratio L3 / D3 is 4, D3=15mm, a nozzle outlet contraction angle θ1 is 50°, a vertical composite cylindrical shell swirl unit The length-to-diameter ratio L4 / D4 of the vertical composite shell-containing cyclone unit is 1.5, D4=600mm, the length-to-diameter ratio L5 / D5 of the shell-containing cylindrical section of the vertical composite shell-containing cyclone unit is 2, D5=300mm, the cone angle α2 of the shell-containing inverted cone section is 40°, the tangential inlet width W1 of the vertical composite shell-containing cyclone unit is 1 / 5 of the shell-containing cylindrical section diameter D5, the height H1 is 1 / 6 of the shell-containing cylindrical section diameter D5, the distance △d1 from the shell-containing inverted cone section is 1 / 12 of the shell-containing cylindrical section length L5, the number of tangential inlets of the vertical composite shell-containing cyclone unit is 4, and the vertical composite shell-containing cyclone unit has 4 tangential inlets. The length L6 of the unit pre-buried drainage pipe is 11 / 10 of the length L5 of the shell cylindrical section, and the diameter D6 is 1 / 8 of the diameter D5 of the shell cylindrical section. The number of the pre-buried drainage pipes is 8, and the tangential inlet distance △d2 between the liquid infusion guide blade unit and the vertical composite shell rotary unit is 1 / 15 of the length L5 of the shell cylindrical section; the number of the guide blade layers is 8, the interval △d3 between adjacent blades is 1 / 35 of the length L5 of the shell cylindrical section, and the blade thickness d is 1 / 25 of the interval △d3 between adjacent blades; the length L7 of the guide pipe is 6 / the length L5 of the shell cylindrical section. 5, the diameter D7 is 1 / 8 of the diameter D5 of the shell-containing cylindrical section, the angle α3 between the liquid replenishing nozzle and the upper blade in the parallel direction is 40°, the spacing △d4 between the liquid replenishing nozzle and the upper blade is 1 / 2 of the adjacent blade spacing △d3, the liquid replenishing nozzle taper angle α4 is 15°, the gradual expansion angle β2 range is 8°, the aspect ratio L8 / D8 is 2, the number of liquid replenishing nozzles on each layer is 3, and the liquid replenishing nozzles on each layer rotate 120° around the central axis of the liquid replenishing guide blade unit, the diameter D9 of the inverted conical ring-chain heterogeneous fiber web unit is 3 / 4 of the cylindrical section diameter D4, and the fan-shaped inverted cone angle β3 is 90°.

[0061] Application effect: After being treated by the device of the present invention, the removal rate of sulfur dioxide, an acidic gas pollutant in the exhaust gas, reaches 98%, and the removal rate of hydrogen fluoride reaches 97%. That is, the concentration of sulfur dioxide, an acidic gas pollutant in the exhaust gas, is 1.2 mg / m3 , the hydrogen fluoride concentration is 2.85 mg / m 3 , in compliance with the national GB 39731-2020 emission standard (the emission concentration limit of sulfur dioxide pollutants in the electronic industry is 2mg / m 3 The emission concentration limit of hydrogen fluoride is 10mg / m 3 ).

[0062] Example 3:

[0063] A chemical plant in Hebei Province uses the device of the present invention to wash and separate acidic gas pollutants in existing exhaust gas. The exhaust gas flow rate is 32,000 m3 / h, the sulfur dioxide content is about 500 mg / m3, and the hydrogen chloride content is about 320 mg / m3.

[0064] Design parameters: Figure 2The device of the present invention is assembled using an alkaline cleaning solution with a w(NAOH) content of 70% and a w(C7H8ONA) content of 20%. The Venturi inlet section has an aspect ratio L1 / D1 of 1.5, D1 = 370 mm, a tapering angle α1 of the tapering section of 12°, a throat section aspect ratio L2 / D2 of 3, D2 = 260 mm, a gradually expanding section angle β1 of 8°, a KZ hollow cone nozzle with an outlet section length hole ratio L3 / D3 of 5, D3 = 8 mm, and a nozzle outlet contraction angle θ1 of 60°. The cylindrical section of the vertical composite shell swirl unit is The aspect ratio L4 / D4 is 1.8, D4=650mm, the aspect ratio L5 / D5 of the shell cylindrical section of the vertical composite shell-containing cyclone unit is 4, D5=400mm, the cone angle α2 of the shell-containing inverted cone section is 55°, the tangential inlet width W1 of the vertical composite shell-containing cyclone unit is 1 / 5 of the diameter D5 of the shell cylindrical section, the height H1 is 1 / 5 of the diameter D5 of the shell cylindrical section, the distance △d1 from the shell inverted cone section is 1 / 13 of the length L5 of the shell cylindrical section, the number of tangential inlets of the vertical composite shell-containing cyclone unit is 4, and the vertical composite shell-containing cyclone unit is 4. The length L6 of the pre-buried drainage pipe is 11 / 10 of the length L5 of the shell cylindrical section, and the diameter D6 is 1 / 5 of the diameter D5 of the shell cylindrical section. The number of pre-buried drainage pipes is 10, and the tangential inlet distance △d2 between the liquid infusion guide blade unit and the vertical composite shell rotary unit is 1 / 15 of the length L5 of the shell cylindrical section; the number of guide blade layers is 6, the interval △d3 between adjacent blades is 1 / 36 of the length L5 of the shell cylindrical section, and the blade thickness d is 1 / 27 of the interval △d3 between adjacent blades; the length L7 of the guide pipe is 3 / 2 of the length L5 of the shell cylindrical section The diameter D7 is 1 / 8 of the diameter D5 of the shell-containing cylindrical section, the angle α3 between the liquid replenishment nozzle and the upper blade in the parallel direction is 40°, the spacing △d4 between the upper blade and the upper blade is 1 / 2 of the adjacent blade spacing △d3, the liquid replenishment nozzle tapering angle α4 is 18°, the gradual expansion angle β2 range is 10°, the aspect ratio L8 / D8 is 3.5, the number of liquid replenishment nozzles on each layer is 4, and the liquid replenishment nozzles on each layer rotate 60° around the central axis of the liquid replenishment guide blade unit, the diameter D9 of the inverted cone ring-chain heterogeneous fiber web unit is 3 / 4 of the cylindrical section diameter D4, and the fan-shaped inverted cone angle β3 is 45°.

[0065] Application effect: After being treated by the device of the present invention, the removal rate of sulfur dioxide, an acidic gas pollutant in the exhaust gas, reaches 98%, and the removal rate of hydrogen chloride reaches 99%. That is, the concentration of sulfur dioxide, an acidic gas pollutant in the exhaust gas, is 10 mg / m 3 , the concentration of hydrogen chloride is 3.2 mg / m 3 , in line with the national GB 31571-2015 emission standard (the emission concentration limit of sulfur dioxide from petrochemical pollutants is 50mg / m 3 The limit of hydrogen chloride emission concentration is 30mg / m 3 ).

Claims

1. An integrated device for emergency disposal of acidic gas media, characterized in that: The device comprises a venturi decontamination unit, a vertical composite shell-containing cyclone unit, a liquid infusion guide blade unit, and an inverted conical ring-chain heterogeneous fiber mesh unit; The vertical composite shell-containing cyclone unit is connected to an external suction power device, and the vertical composite shell-containing cyclone unit includes a vertical cylinder with a single-layer side wall on the upper part and a double-layer side wall containing a shell layer on the lower part. The cylinder is divided into a hollow cylindrical section located at the single-layer side wall part, a shell-containing cylindrical section located at the double-layer side wall part, and a shell-containing inverted cone from top to bottom. The lower end of the shell-containing inverted cone is a waste liquid outlet, and a drainage pipe is buried in the double-layer side wall of the cylinder. The drainage pipe is evenly arranged around the inner wall of the cylinder along the axis of the cylinder; a tangential inlet is provided on the lower side wall of the shell-containing cylindrical section, a liquid replenishment guide blade unit is fixedly connected to the shell-containing cylindrical section, and is located on the upper side of the tangential inlet, and the inverted cone-shaped ring-chain heterogeneous fiber mesh unit is fixedly connected to the hollow cylindrical section, and is located directly above the liquid replenishment guide blade unit and is coaxial with the liquid replenishment guide blade unit; The Venturi decontamination unit includes a Venturi tube, a decontamination nozzle, and a decontamination pipe. The decontamination nozzle is connected to the decontamination pipe and is located in the tapered section of the Venturi tube and is coaxial with the Venturi tube. The Venturi tube is tangentially connected to the vertical composite shell-containing cyclone unit at the tangential inlet of the shell-containing cylindrical section. The liquid replenishment guide vane unit includes a guide vane, a guide pipe, and a liquid replenishment nozzle, wherein the guide vane is tangent to the side wall of the shell-containing cylindrical section, and its rotation direction is consistent with and coaxial with the rotation direction of the vertical composite shell-containing rotation unit; the guide pipe is fixed to the center of the guide vane and is coaxial with the guide vane; the liquid replenishment nozzle is located on the lower side of the guide vane, and the side wall of the shell-containing cylindrical section is provided with an opening connected to the external liquid replenishment power device, and the opening corresponds to the position of the liquid replenishment nozzle; The inverted cone ring-chain heterogeneous fiber mesh unit is composed of a strip fiber chain woven into fiber bundles and an annular fiber structure linked to each other. The fiber bundles in the strip fiber chain use stainless steel fibers as the skeleton, and an even number of hydrophobic fibers and an odd number of hydrophilic fibers are intertwined and twisted together. The fiber bundles in the annular fiber structure use stainless steel fibers as the skeleton, and an even number of hydrophilic fibers and an odd number of hydrophobic fibers are intertwined and twisted together. Multiple layers of ring-chains are interwoven and stacked to form a fiber mesh, which appears as an inverted cone fan in the vertical composite shell-containing rotary unit and is coaxial with the cylinder. The top of the cone is connected to a drainage needle made of stainless steel fiber material, which is directly inserted into the guide tube of the infusion guide blade unit.

2. The integrated device for emergency disposal of acidic gas media according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length-to-diameter ratio L1 / D1 of the inlet section of the Venturi tube is 0.5~1.5, the tapering angle α1 of the tapering section is 10~20°, the length-to-diameter ratio L2 / D2 of the throat section is 1.5~4, the expansion angle β1 of the expansion section is 6~10°, and the decontamination nozzle is a KZ hollow cone nozzle, the outlet section length hole ratio L3 / D3 of which is 2~5, and the nozzle outlet contraction angle θ1 is 30~65°.

3. The integrated device for emergency disposal of acidic gas media according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aspect ratio L4 / D4 of the hollow cylindrical section of the vertical composite shell-containing rotation unit is 1.5~2, the aspect ratio L5 / D5 of the shell-containing cylindrical section is 2~5, and the cone angle α2 of the shell-containing inverted cone is 40~60°; the width W1 of the tangential inlet is 1 / 8~1 / 4 of the diameter D5 of the shell-containing cylindrical section, the height H1 is 1 / 7~1 / 3 of the diameter D5 of the shell-containing cylindrical section, and the distance △d1 from the shell-containing inverted cone is 1 / 20~1 / 10 of the length L5 of the shell-containing cylindrical section; the number of the tangential inlets is 1~4.

4. The integrated device for emergency disposal of acidic gas media according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pre-buried drainage pipe of the vertical composite shell-containing rotary unit is located in the side wall of the shell-containing cylindrical section and the shell-containing inverted cone. Its length L6 is 11 / 10 to 9 / 5 of the length L5 of the shell-containing cylindrical section, and its diameter D6 is 1 / 10 to 1 / 5 of the diameter D5 of the shell-containing cylindrical section. The number of the pre-buried drainage pipes ranges from 2 to 12.

5. The integrated device for emergency disposal of acidic gas media according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance △d2 between the liquid infusion guide blade unit and the tangential inlet is 1 / 20~1 / 10 of the length L5 of the shell cylindrical section; the number of the guide blade layers is 2~8, the interval △d3 between adjacent blades is 1 / 40~1 / 15 of the length L5 of the shell cylindrical section, and the blade thickness d is 1 / 30~1 / 15 of the interval △d3 between adjacent blades; the guide pipe is coaxial with the vertical composite shell rotary unit, its length L7 is 1~3 / 2 of the length L5 of the shell cylindrical section, and its diameter D7 is 1 / 12~1 of the diameter D5 of the shell cylindrical section. / 6; the liquid replenishment nozzle is located on the lower side of the guide vane, and the angle α3 with the upper blade in the direction parallel to the upper blade ranges from 15 to 60°, and the spacing △d4 with the upper blade is 1 / 2 to 1 of the adjacent blade spacing △d3; the liquid replenishment nozzle is a standard Silvent Laval type nozzle, its tapering angle α4 is 10 to 20°, the diverging angle β2 is 6 to 15°, and its aspect ratio L8 / D8 is 1.3 to 4; the number of single-layer liquid replenishment nozzles is 2 to 6, the spacing angle between adjacent nozzles is 60 to 180°, and they are evenly distributed along the central axis.

6. The integrated device for emergency disposal of acidic gas media according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter D9 of the inverted cone-shaped ring-chain heterogeneous fiber mesh unit is 3 / 4 to 1 of the diameter D4 of the hollow cylindrical section, and the fan-shaped inverted cone angle β3 is 45 to 90 degrees.

7. The integrated device for emergency disposal of acidic gas media according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrophilic fiber is a polyacrylonitrile hydrophilic fiber with hydrophilic groups introduced by copolymerization, and its moisture content under standard conditions is greater than 4.5%. The hydrophobic fiber is a hydrophobic fiber with methyl methacrylate transferred by atom transfer radical polymerization. The stainless steel fiber is a 316L stainless steel fiber formed by multiple bundle drawing.

8. A method for emergency disposal of acidic gas media using the device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method comprises: The acidic gas medium is sucked into the Venturi decontamination unit by an external suction power device, and reacts with the atomized decontamination liquid formed by the decontamination nozzle and also sucked into the Venturi decontamination unit. This process is the primary decontamination of the acidic gas medium. Subsequently, the acidic gas medium and the decontamination waste liquid enter the vertical composite shell-containing cyclone unit tangentially through the outlet of the Venturi tube, and the liquid replenishing nozzle in the liquid replenishing guide vane unit replenishes the liquid. The liquid film is broken and intercepted on the guide vane. This process is the secondary decontamination of the acidic gas medium. At the same time, droplets coalesce and separate on the guide vanes in the liquid replenishment guide vane unit. This process is the primary separation of the gas-liquid two-phase medium; the gas carrying small droplets continues to swirl upward, passes through the inverted cone ring-chain heterogeneous fiber mesh unit, and is intercepted by the hydrophilic-hydrophobic ring-chain heterogeneous fiber mesh, where droplets coalesce and separate. This process is the secondary separation of the gas-liquid two-phase medium. Finally, the clean gas phase is extracted from the tangential outlet by the external suction power device, and the liquid phase enters the guide pipe and is discharged from the waste liquid outlet.

9. The acid gas medium emergency disposal method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The cleaning solution is a composite alkaline cleaning solution with a pH value range of 7.5~12. It is mainly composed of 50%~90% by mass of an alkaline medium, 10%~35% of a surfactant, and 15%~30% of a builder. The alkaline medium is a combined solution of one or more selected from sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium cresol; the surfactant is a combined ion substance selected from one or more of hydroxyl groups, sulfonate groups, and tertiary amino groups; and the builder is a combined inorganic substance selected from one or more selected from sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium sulfate, and sodium silicate.

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