Automotive solar power generation devices, power replenishment methods, utilization methods, media and automobiles

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of new energy vehicle manufacturing and provides a solar power generation device and method for electric vehicles. The device includes a photovoltaic module, a high-voltage module, a low-voltage battery, and a low-voltage load. The high-voltage module includes a high-voltage battery, a high-power unidirectional DC-DC converter, a low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter, and a high-voltage relay switch. One end of the high-voltage relay switch is electrically connected to the high-voltage battery, and the other end is electrically connected to the input terminal of the high-power unidirectional DC-DC converter. The input terminal of the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter is electrically connected to the photovoltaic module, and the output terminal of the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter is electrically connected to the high-voltage battery. The photovoltaic module, the low-voltage battery, and the output terminal of the high-power unidirectional DC-DC converter are each electrically connected to the low-voltage load, and the photovoltaic module and the output terminal of the high-power unidirectional DC-DC converter are each electrically connected to the low-voltage battery. This invention can replenish the high-voltage battery when the vehicle is parked and replenish the low-voltage load when the vehicle is in motion, thus solving the problem of solar energy storage in electric vehicles and improving the solar energy utilization efficiency of electric vehicles.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of new energy vehicle manufacturing, and specifically relates to an electric vehicle solar power generation device, a power replenishment method, a utilization method, a medium, and an automobile. Background Technology

[0002] The statements in this section are merely background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] Solar energy, as a clean and inexhaustible source, is an excellent energy utilization technology for electric vehicles, using solar panels to generate electricity and replenish the vehicle's power. Generally, large-area solar panels are deployed to directly charge the high-voltage battery for energy storage and utilization, or the electricity generated by the solar panels can be used to power low-voltage loads (such as blowers) when the vehicle is stationary, thereby reducing the interior temperature and improving vehicle comfort. In vehicle design for solar panel charging, a solar sunroof solution allows for better integration of solar energy collection equipment with the vehicle's sunroof glass, resulting in a more aesthetically pleasing vehicle design.

[0004] When electric vehicles, especially electric passenger vehicles, use solar awnings for power generation, the amount of electricity generated by the solar awning is limited, typically only 100W to 200W, due to the need to balance the vehicle's aesthetics with the awning's light transmittance. Common solutions and problems associated with utilizing solar awnings for power generation include:

[0005] Option 1. Design the vehicle's high-voltage to 12V DC-DC converter as a bidirectional DC-DC converter. When the vehicle is not in use, the electrical energy generated by the solar canopy charges the high-voltage battery via the bidirectional DC-DC converter. This requires both the high-voltage and low-voltage networks to be activated. The high-voltage switches, relays, and controllers on the vehicle consume power upon activation, depleting most of the solar canopy's energy, resulting in limited energy storage. Converting the solar canopy's energy directly to 12V and storing it in the battery presents the problem of insufficient low-voltage battery capacity for storing large amounts of solar energy.

[0006] Option 2. Currently, the electricity generated by solar sunroofs is mostly used when the vehicle is in a low-voltage state. When the vehicle is in a dormant, low-voltage state, the electricity generated by the solar sunroof is used to power the blower, preventing the cabin temperature from becoming too high when the vehicle is parked. However, when the vehicle is in motion, the charging and discharging relationships between the 12V power output from the solar converter, the 12V power output from the high-voltage to 12V DC-DC converter, the 12V power from the low-voltage battery itself, and the power consumption of the low-voltage load are complex and difficult to control. Therefore, most solar sunroof solutions shut off the 12V output of the solar sunroof when the vehicle is in motion, resulting in inefficient energy utilization.

[0007] In view of the above-mentioned defects, the present invention has made improvements. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides an electric vehicle solar power generation device, a power replenishment method, and a utilization method, which can replenish the high-voltage battery when the vehicle is parked and replenish the low-voltage load with electrical energy when the vehicle is in motion. This not only solves the problem of storing solar energy in electric vehicles, but also improves the utilization efficiency of solar energy in electric vehicles, thereby better meeting the needs of practical applications.

[0009] The technical solution adopted in this invention is: a solar power generation device for electric vehicles, comprising a photovoltaic module, a high-voltage module, a low-voltage battery, and a low-voltage load mounted on the electric vehicle. The high-voltage module includes a high-voltage battery, a high-power unidirectional DC-DC converter, a low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter, and a high-voltage relay switch. One end of the high-voltage relay switch is electrically connected to the high-voltage battery, and the other end is electrically connected to the input terminal of the high-power unidirectional DC-DC converter. The input terminal of the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter is electrically connected to the photovoltaic module, and the output terminal of the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter is electrically connected to the high-voltage battery. The output terminals of the photovoltaic module, the low-voltage battery, and the high-power unidirectional DC-DC converter are respectively electrically connected to the low-voltage load. The output terminals of the photovoltaic module and the high-power unidirectional DC-DC converter are respectively electrically connected to the low-voltage battery.

[0010] Furthermore,

[0011] The photovoltaic module includes a solar canopy power generation module and a solar transformer. The solar transformer is used to convert high-voltage direct current into low-voltage direct current. The solar canopy power generation module is electrically connected to the input terminal of the solar transformer. The input terminal of the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter, the low-voltage load, and the low-voltage battery are electrically connected to the output terminal of the solar transformer, respectively.

[0012] Furthermore,

[0013] The solar canopy power generation module includes thin-film solar cells and monocrystalline silicon solar cells. The monocrystalline silicon solar cells are installed along the edge of the electric vehicle canopy, while the thin-film solar cells are installed in the middle area of ​​the electric vehicle canopy.

[0014] Furthermore,

[0015] The electric vehicle solar power generation device also includes a high-voltage load installed on the electric vehicle, and the high-voltage module also includes a high-voltage external charging module. The high-voltage load and the high-voltage external charging module are electrically connected to the high-voltage relay switch, respectively.

[0016] Furthermore,

[0017] The low-voltage battery is a 12V lithium battery, and the 12V lithium battery is equipped with a current-limiting charging module.

[0018] The present invention also provides a method for solar power replenishment of electric vehicles, wherein the method is applied to the aforementioned solar power generation device for electric vehicles, and the method includes:

[0019] When the vehicle is stopped and the high voltage is deactivated, the high voltage relay switch is disconnected, the high voltage battery stops supplying power to the high-power unidirectional DC-DC converter, and the high-power unidirectional DC-DC converter stops outputting power.

[0020] When the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter is turned on, the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic module charges the high-voltage battery through the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter.

[0021] Furthermore,

[0022] The method for solar-powered electric vehicles includes the following steps:

[0023] S101. When the high voltage is off after parking, the high voltage relay switch is open, and the high-power unidirectional DC-DC converter stops outputting.

[0024] S102. Determine whether the following conditions are met for the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter: the high-voltage battery SOC < SOC-a and the low-voltage input side voltage of the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter > Ua, where SOC-a is the lower limit threshold of the high-voltage battery SOC and Ua is the set value.

[0025] S103. When the high-voltage battery SOC < SOC-a and the low-voltage input side voltage of the low-power unidirectional DC-DC > Ua, the low-power unidirectional DC-DC is turned on; otherwise, repeat step S102.

[0026] S104. The photovoltaic module charges the high-voltage battery via a low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter.

[0027] S105. Determine if the following condition is met for a low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter: the low-voltage input side voltage of the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter is <Ua;

[0028] S106. When the low-voltage input side voltage of the low-power unidirectional DC-DC is <Ua, return to step S102; otherwise, determine whether the low-power unidirectional DC-DC satisfies: high-voltage battery SOC > SOC-b, where SOC-b is the upper limit threshold of high-voltage battery SOC.

[0029] S107. When the SOC of the high-voltage battery is greater than SOC-b, the photovoltaic module stops supplying power to the high-voltage battery; otherwise, return to step S104.

[0030] The present invention also provides a method for utilizing solar energy in electric vehicles, wherein the method is applied to the aforementioned electric vehicle solar power generation device, and the method includes the following steps:

[0031] S201. The vehicle is preparing to connect to high voltage; the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter is disconnected and stops output.

[0032] S202, When the vehicle is connected to high voltage, the high voltage relay switch closes, and the high-power unidirectional DC-DC converter begins to output;

[0033] S203, The photovoltaic module enters voltage regulation output mode;

[0034] S204. If the output current of the photovoltaic module is less than the maximum output current Ia or the output power is less than the maximum output power Pa, the output voltage of the photovoltaic module will be increased; otherwise, the photovoltaic module will output power to supplement the low-voltage load.

[0035] S205. When the output voltage of the photovoltaic module is greater than the maximum allowable output voltage Ub or when an overvoltage signal from the low-voltage battery is received, the output voltage of the photovoltaic module will no longer be increased, and the photovoltaic module will output electrical energy to supplement the power supply of the low-voltage load. Otherwise, the output voltage of the photovoltaic module will continue to increase until the output voltage of the photovoltaic module is greater than the maximum allowable output voltage Ub or an overvoltage signal from the low-voltage battery is received.

[0036] The present invention also provides a computer storage medium storing one or more programs, which, when executed, can realize the aforementioned method for solar power replenishment of electric vehicles or the aforementioned method for solar energy utilization of electric vehicles.

[0037] The present invention also provides an electric vehicle, including the aforementioned electric vehicle solar power generation device.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0039] 1. Add a low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter, which is directly integrated with the high-voltage battery pack. When it is working, the high-voltage switch relay of the original high-voltage system does not need to work and other high-voltage and low-voltage loads do not need to be woken up, so that more electricity generated by the solar canopy can be stored when the system is parked.

[0040] 2. Design a power management strategy for the use of solar canopy power generation, so that the vehicle can use the power generated by the solar canopy to supplement the charging of low-voltage batteries and the power consumption of low-voltage loads while in motion.

[0041] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures pointed out in the description, claims and drawings.

[0042] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0043] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0044] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of an electric vehicle solar power generation device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the electric vehicle solar canopy of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a method for solar power replenishment of electric vehicles according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 4 This is a schematic flowchart of a method for utilizing solar energy in electric vehicles according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal circuit of a 12V lithium battery for an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0049] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0050] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, this embodiment of the invention designs a solar energy utilization method for electric vehicles' solar canopies, which can replenish the high-voltage battery when the vehicle is parked and replenish the low-voltage load when the vehicle is in motion, thus better meeting the needs of practical applications.

[0051] This embodiment discloses a solar power generation device for an electric vehicle, including a photovoltaic module, a high-voltage module, a low-voltage battery, and a low-voltage load mounted on the electric vehicle. The high-voltage module includes a high-voltage battery, a high-power unidirectional DC-DC converter, a low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter, and a high-voltage relay switch. One end of the high-voltage relay switch is electrically connected to the high-voltage battery, and the other end is electrically connected to the input terminal of the high-power unidirectional DC-DC converter. The input terminal of the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter is electrically connected to the photovoltaic module, and the output terminal of the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter is electrically connected to the high-voltage battery. The output terminals of the photovoltaic module, the low-voltage battery, and the high-power unidirectional DC-DC converter are respectively electrically connected to the low-voltage load, and the output terminals of the photovoltaic module and the high-power unidirectional DC-DC converter are respectively electrically connected to the low-voltage battery. In the above technical solution, a low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter is added to the vehicle, which is directly integrated with the high-voltage battery pack. When the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter is working, the photovoltaic module charges the high-voltage battery through it. The high-voltage switch relay of the original high-voltage system does not need to work, and other high-voltage and low-voltage loads do not need to be activated, allowing more of the electricity generated by the photovoltaic module to be stored when the vehicle is parked. In addition, by designing a power management strategy for the photovoltaic module's power generation utilization, the vehicle can also use the electricity generated by the photovoltaic module to supplement the charging of the low-voltage battery and power the low-voltage loads while the vehicle is in motion. In this invention, DC-DC is also abbreviated as DCDC.

[0052] As a preferred technical solution, the photovoltaic module includes a solar canopy power generation module and a solar transformer. The solar transformer converts high-voltage direct current (DC) to low-voltage DC. The solar canopy power generation module is electrically connected to the input terminal of the solar transformer. The input terminal of the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter, the low-voltage load, and the low-voltage battery are electrically connected to the output terminal of the solar transformer. In this embodiment, the solar canopy power generation module generates electrical energy to the solar transformer. The solar transformer transforms and adjusts the unstable high voltage input from the power generation module to a stable 12V low voltage and outputs the 12V electrical energy to the vehicle's low-voltage power grid. The solar transformer in this embodiment is a DC-DC converter that converts high-voltage DC to low-voltage DC. This can be achieved by using power devices with a buck circuit, as per existing technology. Its output voltage can be adjusted in real time using a PID closed-loop system to ensure a constant output voltage or to rise and fall according to target logic. In this embodiment, the output power of the solar transformer is 12V DC.

[0053] As a preferred technical solution, the solar canopy power generation module includes thin-film solar cells and monocrystalline silicon solar cells. The monocrystalline silicon solar cells are disposed along the edge of the electric vehicle canopy, while the thin-film solar cells are disposed in the middle area of ​​the electric vehicle canopy. In this embodiment, as... Figure 2As shown, the solar sunroof power generation module consists of monocrystalline silicon solar cells in the edge area of ​​the car sunroof and thin-film solar cells in the middle. The sunroof in the monocrystalline silicon cell area is opaque, while the sunroof in the thin-film cell area is transparent. The combination of the two types of solar cells allows the sunroof to still be transparent even when the power generation is relatively high, thus improving the user's driving experience.

[0054] In a preferred embodiment, the electric vehicle solar power generation device further includes a high-voltage load mounted on the electric vehicle. The high-voltage module also includes a high-voltage external charging module, and the high-voltage load and the high-voltage external charging module are electrically connected to the high-voltage relay switch. In this embodiment, the high-voltage battery power can supply power to the high-voltage load after passing through the high-voltage relay switch, and can be charged through the high-voltage external charging module.

[0055] As a preferred technical solution, the low-voltage battery is a 12V lithium battery, and the 12V lithium battery internally incorporates a current-limiting charging module. In this embodiment, since a 12V lithium battery is used as the low-voltage battery, the vehicle is equipped with a low-power 12V to high-voltage unidirectional DC-DC converter (i.e., a low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter). The current-limiting charging module is located within the 12V lithium battery circuit, such as... Figure 5 As shown, when the battery is parked and under high voltage, the low-voltage 12V lithium battery activates the current-limiting charging module to charge the solar transformer. The battery is locally woken up to continuously monitor the SOC. When the 12V lithium battery is fully charged, the current-limiting charging module is disconnected, and the low-voltage 12V lithium battery stops charging.

[0056] In summary, this invention discloses a power supply system topology (i.e., a structural block diagram of an electric vehicle solar power generation device), such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes: a solar canopy power generation module, a solar transformer, a low-voltage electrical load (i.e., a low-voltage load), a 12V lithium battery, a high-power unidirectional DC-DC converter, a low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter, a high-voltage relay switch, a high-voltage battery, a high-voltage load, and a high-voltage external charging module.

[0057] Based on the same inventive concept, this invention also provides a method for solar power replenishment of an electric vehicle, namely, a method for replenishing a high-voltage battery while the vehicle is parked. This method is applied to the aforementioned electric vehicle solar power generation device, i.e., based on a power supply topology. The method includes:

[0058] When the vehicle is parked and the high voltage is off, the high voltage relay switch is disconnected, and the high voltage battery stops supplying power to the high-power unidirectional DC-DC converter and high voltage load.

[0059] After the high-voltage relay switch is turned off, the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter starts working, and the electrical energy generated by the solar transformer charges the high-voltage battery through the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter.

[0060] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 As shown, the electric vehicle solar power replenishment method specifically includes the following steps:

[0061] S101. When the high voltage is off after parking, the high voltage relay switch is open, and the high-power unidirectional DC-DC converter stops outputting.

[0062] S102. Determine whether the following conditions are met for the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter: the high-voltage battery SOC < SOC-a and the low-voltage input side voltage of the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter > Ua, where SOC-a is the lower limit threshold of the high-voltage battery SOC and Ua is the set value.

[0063] S103. When the high-voltage battery SOC < SOC-a and the low-voltage input side voltage of the low-power unidirectional DC-DC > Ua, the low-power unidirectional DC-DC is turned on; otherwise, repeat step S102.

[0064] S104. The solar transformer charges the high-voltage battery via a low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter.

[0065] S105. Determine if the following condition is met for a low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter: the low-voltage input side voltage of the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter is <Ua;

[0066] S106. When the low-voltage input side voltage of the low-power unidirectional DC-DC is <Ua, return to step S102; otherwise, determine whether the low-power unidirectional DC-DC satisfies: high-voltage battery SOC > SOC-b, where SOC-b is the upper limit threshold of high-voltage battery SOC.

[0067] S107. When the SOC of the high-voltage battery is greater than SOC-b, the photovoltaic module's solar energy supply to the high-voltage battery ends; otherwise, return to step S104.

[0068] In this embodiment, when the vehicle is parked and the high voltage is off, the high-voltage relay switch is open, the high-power unidirectional DC-DC converter stops outputting, and the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter judges the SOC of the high-voltage battery received before the high voltage was off and the current low-voltage input side voltage of the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter. When the high-voltage battery SOC is less than the threshold SOC-a and its low-voltage input side voltage is greater than the set value Ua, the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter starts working, and the electrical energy generated by the solar transformer charges the high-voltage battery through the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter. During the charging process, if the solar power generation power decreases due to cloudy weather, darkness, or other reasons, and the solar transformer stops outputting, the low-voltage input side voltage of the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter will be lower than the set value Ua. In this case, the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter will stop working and needs to continuously judge whether the low-voltage input side voltage of the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter reaches the charging condition. If the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter continuously calculates the charging amount during the charging process, when the calculated high-voltage battery SOC > SOC-b, the charging is completed, and the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter stops working. This embodiment of the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter has a built-in control and computing module, including an MCU, which can perform logic processing and communicate with the vehicle.

[0069] In practice, before the high voltage is turned off, the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter receives the SOC signal from the high-voltage battery. The low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter will only start working when the high-voltage battery SOC is less than the threshold SOC-a. While working, the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter continuously calculates the increase in the high-voltage battery SOC using an ampere-hour integration algorithm. When the increase in the high-voltage battery SOC reaches the threshold SOC-b, the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter stops working.

[0070] When the low-voltage input side voltage of the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter is lower than the set value Ua, the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter stops working to prevent the 12V lithium battery from charging the high-voltage battery through the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter, which would cause the 12V lithium battery to be depleted.

[0071] When the vehicle is parked and the high-voltage state is off, the low-voltage 12V lithium battery activates its current-limiting charging module to allow the solar transformer to charge it. The battery continuously monitors its State of Charge (SOC) locally. Once the low-voltage 12V lithium battery is fully charged, the current-limiting charging module is disconnected, and charging ceases. Specifically, the low-voltage 12V lithium battery activates its current-limiting charging module after receiving a signal that the high-power unidirectional DC-DC converter has stopped outputting. The low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter starts operating after receiving the same signal. When the low-voltage 12V lithium battery is fully charged and its voltage rises, the output voltage of the solar transformer becomes equal to the voltage of the low-voltage 12V lithium battery. At this point, the 12V lithium battery can no longer be charged, or the 12V lithium battery itself detects that its SOC has reached 100%, disconnecting the current-limiting charging module and ceasing charging. Afterward, only the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter charges the high-voltage battery. The 12V lithium battery can calculate its SOC by integrating its own current. The current-limiting charging module can be turned on or off by sending an enable / disable voltage signal from the battery control module inside the lithium battery to the current-limiting chip in the current-limiting charging module. This can be referred to in existing technology and will not be explained further here.

[0072] The above method enables the following: when the vehicle is parked and in sleep mode, only a small number of devices work locally when the high-voltage battery is being recharged, without the need to wake up the entire vehicle. The power consumption during the recharge process is low, allowing the limited power generated by the solar canopy to be stored.

[0073] Based on the same inventive concept, this invention also provides a method for utilizing solar energy in electric vehicles, namely, a method for supplementing low-voltage loads with electricity while the vehicle is in motion. This method is applied to the aforementioned electric vehicle solar power generation device, i.e., based on a power supply topology, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the method specifically includes the following steps:

[0074] S201. The vehicle is preparing to connect to high voltage; the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter is disconnected and stops output.

[0075] S202, When the vehicle is connected to high voltage, the high voltage relay switch closes, and the high-power unidirectional DC-DC converter begins to output;

[0076] S203, The solar transformer enters voltage regulation output mode;

[0077] S204. If the output current of the solar transformer is less than the maximum output current Ia or the output power is less than the maximum output power Pa, then the output voltage of the solar transformer will be increased; otherwise, the output power of the solar transformer will be used to supplement the power supply of the low-voltage load.

[0078] S205. When the output voltage of the solar transformer is greater than the maximum allowable output voltage Ub or a 12V lithium battery overvoltage signal is received, the output voltage of the solar transformer will no longer be increased, and the output power of the solar transformer will supplement the power supply of the low-voltage load. Otherwise, the output voltage of the solar transformer will continue to increase until the output voltage of the solar transformer is greater than the maximum allowable output voltage Ub or a 12V lithium battery overvoltage signal is received.

[0079] In this embodiment, when the vehicle is about to connect to high voltage, the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter receives a signal indicating that high voltage is about to be applied. The low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter then disconnects and stops outputting. After the vehicle connects to high voltage, the high-voltage relay switch closes, and the high-power unidirectional DC-DC converter begins outputting. The high-power unidirectional DC-DC converter provides the main power supply to the vehicle's low-voltage loads and charges the 12V lithium battery. The output voltage of the high-power unidirectional DC-DC converter is set according to the charging voltage requested by the 12V lithium battery to prevent overvoltage or overcharging. The solar transformer receives the operating signal from the high-power unidirectional DC-DC converter and can begin adjusting its voltage output. If the output current of the solar transformer is less than the maximum output current Ia or the output power is less than the maximum output power Pa, the output voltage of the solar transformer increases until it exceeds the maximum allowable output voltage Ub, or if an overvoltage signal from the 12V lithium battery is received, the voltage adjustment stops. The solar transformer then uses the stabilized voltage to supplement power to the low-voltage loads in the driving state or to charge the 12V lithium battery.

[0080] During cloudy or rainy days, at night, or when solar power generation is low, the solar transformer detects that its output power is less than a set threshold and stops outputting power, entering a dormant state. Similarly, when the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter detects that its input power is less than a set threshold, it also stops operating and enters a dormant state. The output power of the solar transformer is calculated by multiplying the real-time output voltage by the current; the voltage and current detection circuit inside the solar transformer measures both. The input power mentioned above refers to the electrical energy generated by the solar transformer, which is stored in a high-voltage battery via the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter. The electrical energy received by the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter is its input power.

[0081] In practice, the solar transformer receives a high-power unidirectional DC-DC converter operating status signal. When the high-power unidirectional DC-DC converter is operating, the solar transformer outputs an adjustable voltage. The target output voltage of the solar transformer is the actual output voltage plus or minus 0.1V. The voltage is continuously adjusted until the output current reaches its maximum or the output power reaches its maximum. If the output voltage of the solar transformer is less than or equal to the voltage of the high-power unidirectional DC-DC converter and the battery, the vehicle load will draw power from the high-power unidirectional DC-DC converter and the battery. Therefore, the load will preferentially draw power from the solar transformer (i.e., the high-voltage power supply) only when the output voltage of the solar transformer is higher than the voltage of other power sources. In this embodiment, the solar transformer, by adopting a voltage-adjustable output mode, can effectively supplement the power supply to low-voltage loads while the vehicle is in motion. The output voltage of the solar transformer needs to be adjusted within a set threshold range, and the voltage must stop increasing after receiving an overvoltage signal from the 12V lithium battery. The aforementioned set threshold range is determined based on the optimal operating range of the vehicle load. If the voltage is too high, the load power consumption and heat generation will be too great; if it is too low, the load will not reach its rated output power. The threshold range is generally between 12.5V and 14.5V.

[0082] This embodiment designs a power management strategy for the use of solar canopy power generation, so that the vehicle can use the power generated by the solar canopy to supplement the charging of low-voltage batteries and the power consumption of low-voltage loads while in motion.

[0083] The above method can achieve the following: When the vehicle is in motion, the power management logic can be set to avoid voltage mismatch between the battery, solar transformer and the vehicle's high-power DC-DC converter, so that the limited power generation of the solar canopy can also supplement the power supply to the low-voltage load when the vehicle is in motion.

[0084] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a computer storage medium storing one or more programs, which, when executed, can realize the aforementioned method for solar power replenishment of electric vehicles or the aforementioned method for solar energy utilization of electric vehicles.

[0085] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides an electric vehicle, including the aforementioned electric vehicle solar power generation device.

[0086] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solar power generation device for electric vehicles, characterized in that, The system includes a photovoltaic module, a high-voltage module, a low-voltage battery, and a low-voltage load, all mounted on an electric vehicle. The high-voltage module comprises a high-voltage battery, a high-power unidirectional DC-DC converter, a low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter, and a high-voltage relay switch. One end of the high-voltage relay switch is electrically connected to the high-voltage battery, and the other end is electrically connected to the input terminal of the high-power unidirectional DC-DC converter. The input terminal of the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter is electrically connected to the photovoltaic module, and the output terminal of the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter is electrically connected to the high-voltage battery. The output terminals of the photovoltaic module, the low-voltage battery, and the high-power unidirectional DC-DC converter are respectively electrically connected to the low-voltage load. The output terminals of the photovoltaic module and the high-power unidirectional DC-DC converter are respectively electrically connected to the low-voltage battery. The device is configured to: When the vehicle is parked and the high voltage is off, the high voltage relay switch is off, the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter is turned on, and the photovoltaic module charges the high voltage battery through the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter. When the vehicle is under high voltage, the high-voltage relay switch is closed, the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter is disconnected, and the photovoltaic module enters the voltage regulation output mode, prioritizing power supply to low-voltage loads.

2. The electric vehicle solar power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module includes a solar canopy power generation module and a solar transformer. The solar transformer is used to convert high-voltage direct current into low-voltage direct current. The solar canopy power generation module is electrically connected to the input terminal of the solar transformer. The input terminal of the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter, the low-voltage load, and the low-voltage battery are electrically connected to the output terminal of the solar transformer, respectively.

3. The electric vehicle solar power generation device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The solar canopy power generation module includes thin-film solar cells and monocrystalline silicon solar cells. The monocrystalline silicon solar cells are installed along the edge of the electric vehicle canopy, while the thin-film solar cells are installed in the middle area of ​​the electric vehicle canopy.

4. The electric vehicle solar power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a high-voltage load installed on the electric vehicle, and the high-voltage module further includes a high-voltage external charging module. The high-voltage load and the high-voltage external charging module are electrically connected to the high-voltage relay switch, respectively.

5. A solar power generation device for electric vehicles according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The low-voltage battery is a 12V lithium battery, and the 12V lithium battery is equipped with a current-limiting charging module.

6. A method for solar power replenishment of electric vehicles, characterized in that, The electric vehicle solar power replenishment method is applied to the electric vehicle solar power generation device according to any one of claims 1-5, and the method includes the following steps: S101. When the high voltage is off after parking, the high voltage relay switch is open, and the high-power unidirectional DC-DC converter stops outputting. S102. Determine whether the following conditions are met for the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter: the high-voltage battery SOC < SOC-a and the low-voltage input side voltage of the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter > Ua, where SOC-a is the lower limit threshold of the high-voltage battery SOC and Ua is the set value. S103. When the high-voltage battery SOC < SOC-a and the low-voltage input side voltage of the low-power unidirectional DC-DC > Ua, the low-power unidirectional DC-DC is turned on; otherwise, repeat step S102. S104. The photovoltaic module charges the high-voltage battery via a low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter. S105. Determine if the following condition is met for a low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter: the low-voltage input side voltage of the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter is <Ua; S106. When the low-voltage input side voltage of the low-power unidirectional DC-DC is <Ua, return to step S102; otherwise, determine whether the low-power unidirectional DC-DC satisfies: high-voltage battery SOC > SOC-b, where SOC-b is the upper limit threshold of high-voltage battery SOC. S107. When the SOC of the high-voltage battery is greater than SOC-b, the photovoltaic module stops supplying power to the high-voltage battery; otherwise, return to step S104.

7. A method for utilizing solar energy in electric vehicles, characterized in that, The method for utilizing solar energy in electric vehicles is applied to the electric vehicle solar power generation device according to any one of claims 1-5, and the method includes the following steps: S201. The vehicle is preparing to connect to high voltage; the low-power unidirectional DC-DC converter is disconnected and stops output. S202, When the vehicle is connected to high voltage, the high voltage relay switch closes, and the high-power unidirectional DC-DC converter begins to output; S203, The photovoltaic module enters voltage regulation output mode; S204. If the output current of the photovoltaic module is less than the maximum output current Ia or the output power is less than the maximum output power Pa, the output voltage of the photovoltaic module will be increased; otherwise, the photovoltaic module will output power to supplement the low-voltage load. S205. When the output voltage of the photovoltaic module is greater than the maximum allowable output voltage Ub or when an overvoltage signal from the low-voltage battery is received, the output voltage of the photovoltaic module will no longer be increased, and the photovoltaic module will output electrical energy to supplement the power supply of the low-voltage load. Otherwise, the output voltage of the photovoltaic module will continue to increase until the output voltage of the photovoltaic module is greater than the maximum allowable output voltage Ub or an overvoltage signal from the low-voltage battery is received.

8. A computer storage medium storing one or more programs, characterized in that, When one or more of these programs are executed, the electric vehicle solar power replenishment method of claim 6 or the electric vehicle solar energy utilization method of claim 7 is implemented.

9. An electric vehicle, characterized in that, Includes the electric vehicle solar power generation device as described in any one of claims 1-5.

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