A database-based method for evaluating the ability of oil and gas wells to prevent gas channeling

Abstract

This application provides a database-based method for evaluating the gas channeling prevention capability of oil and gas wells. The method involves acquiring dynamic operating parameters of the oil and gas well, including wellhead pressure, bottom hole pressure, temperature of the well fluid, average density of the well fluid, fluid viscosity, gas component ratio, liquid component ratio, and flow velocity; extracting historical operating data under similar conditions from a pre-established historical database of oil and gas wells; using the dynamic operating parameters and historical operating data, and based on a preset multiphase fluid dynamics model and geomechanical model, calculating the gas channeling prevention capability index of the oil and gas well; comparing the gas channeling prevention capability index with a preset safety threshold to determine whether the oil and gas well is in a safe state; if the gas channeling prevention capability index is lower than the safety threshold, sending a prompt message or alarm signal and recommending adjustment measures. The technical solution provided in this application improves the safety and reliability of oil and gas well operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the present application relate to the field of data detection technology, and in particular to a method for evaluating the anti-gas channeling capability of oil and gas wells based on a database. Background Art

[0002] In the oil and gas extraction industry, in order to ensure the stable operation and safe production of oil and gas wells, it is necessary to accurately evaluate the anti-gas channeling ability of oil and gas wells. Gas channeling refers to the unplanned flow of gas from high-pressure areas to low-pressure areas during the oil and gas well extraction process, which may lead to serious safety problems, such as blowout accidents. Therefore, a method that can monitor and accurately evaluate the anti-gas channeling ability of oil and gas wells in real time is needed to ensure operational safety.

[0003] At present, the industry generally adopts the regular inspection and evaluation method based on manual experience. In addition, some historical data will be referred to for auxiliary judgment. As a result, the existing methods have certain limitations in practical application and are difficult to meet the high requirements of safety and efficiency in the modern oil and gas extraction industry. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a new method that can monitor and accurately evaluate the anti-gas channeling ability of oil and gas wells in real time. Summary of the invention

[0004] The embodiment of the present application provides a database-based method for evaluating the anti-gas channeling capability of oil and gas wells, so as to solve the problem that the existing technology is difficult to meet the high requirements of safety and efficiency in the modern oil and gas production industry.

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for evaluating the anti-gas channeling capability of oil and gas wells based on a database, comprising:

[0006] Obtaining dynamic operating parameters of the oil and gas well, wherein the dynamic operating parameters include wellhead pressure, bottom hole pressure, temperature of the well fluid, average density of the well fluid, fluid viscosity, gas component ratio, liquid component ratio and flow rate;

[0007] Extracting historical operation data under conditions similar to those of the oil and gas well from a pre-established oil and gas well history database;

[0008] Using the dynamic operation parameters and the historical operation data, based on a preset multiphase fluid mechanics model and a geomechanics model, calculate the gas channeling prevention capability index of the oil and gas well;

[0009] Comparing the gas channeling prevention capability index with a preset safety threshold to determine whether the oil and gas well is in a safe state;

[0010] If the anti-gas channeling capability index is less than the safety threshold, a prompt message or an alarm signal is sent and adjustment measures are recommended.

[0011] Optionally, it also includes:

[0012] Using a deep learning algorithm to perform pattern recognition on the historical operating data to identify the historical operating pattern that is closest to the current condition of the oil and gas well;

[0013] Based on the historical operation mode and in combination with geological structure data, the changing trend of the anti-gas channeling capability of the oil and gas well under different conditions is predicted.

[0014] Optionally, the calculation of the gas channeling prevention capability index of the oil and gas well based on a preset multiphase fluid mechanics model and a geomechanics model includes:

[0015] Using the multiphase fluid mechanics equations, the distribution and flow characteristics of the fluid in the well are solved to obtain the fluid distribution function;

[0016] Apply geomechanical model to calculate wellbore stability and obtain wellbore stress distribution function;

[0017] Combining the fluid distribution function and the wellbore stress distribution function, the anti-gas channeling capability index is calculated by using the calculation formula of the anti-gas channeling capability index;

[0018] The calculation formula of the anti-gas channeling capability index includes:

[0019] in, Expressed as the anti-gas channeling capability index, is the volume of the well, is the pressure difference in the well, represents the radial position, Indicates the angle, is the maximum allowable stress on the wellbore wall, Expressed as the gas component ratio, where is the gas component number, represents the liquid component ratio, where are the numbers of the liquid components, and Indicates The density of the gas component, Indicates Density of the liquid component represents the fluid viscosity, represents the Boltzmann constant, T represents the temperature of the fluid in the well, It is expressed as the wellbore stress distribution function, describing different wellbore stress distribution functions at different radial positions. and angle The stress distribution under , represents the horizontal stress, represents the vertical stress, represents the pore stress;

[0020] , Indicates the wellhead pressure, represents the bottom hole pressure, represents the average density of the fluid in the well, Indicates flow rate, Indicates additional pressure changes of the fluid at different locations and directions; represents the fluid distribution function, describing the mass flow rate of the fluid at different locations in the well, where Indicates at location The fluid density at Indicates at location The fluid velocity at .

[0021] Optionally, comparing the gas channeling prevention capability index with a preset safety threshold to determine whether the oil and gas well is in a safe state includes:

[0022] If the gas channeling prevention capability index is greater than or equal to a preset safety threshold, it is determined that the oil and gas well is in a safe state;

[0023] If the gas channeling prevention capability index is less than a preset safety threshold, it is determined that the oil and gas well is not in a safe state;

[0024] If the anti-gas channeling capability index is less than the safety threshold, sending a prompt message or an alarm signal and recommending adjustment measures include:

[0025] Setting different security level thresholds, wherein the security level thresholds include a warning threshold and a danger threshold, and the danger threshold is greater than the warning threshold;

[0026] When the anti-gas channeling capability index is less than the warning threshold, sending a prompt message;

[0027] When the anti-gas channeling capability index is greater than the warning threshold and less than the danger threshold, an alarm signal is sent and adjustment measures are recommended.

[0028] Optionally, it also includes:

[0029] The actual operating parameters and historical operating data of the oil and gas well are updated in real time to update the gas channeling prevention capability index.

[0030] Optionally, it also includes:

[0031] Based on the preset multiphase fluid mechanics model and geomechanics model, calculate the turbulence intensity of the fluid in the well and the degree of change of rock permeability;

[0032] The gas channeling prevention capability index is modified according to the turbulence intensity of the fluid in the well and the change in the rock permeability.

[0033] Optionally, the turbulence intensity of the fluid in the well is calculated, including:

[0034] By formula: , calculate the turbulence intensity of the fluid in the well; where, It is expressed as the turbulence intensity of the fluid in the well, They represent the fluid velocity in The pulsation component in the direction;

[0035] Calculate the degree of change in rock permeability, including:

[0036] By formula: , calculate the change of rock permeability; where, Expressed as the change in rock permeability, represents the original permeability, It represents the permeability sensitivity coefficient, which is used to quantify the influence of effective stress on permeability change. It represents effective stress, which refers to the actual stress inside the rock;

[0037] The step of correcting the gas channeling prevention capability index according to the turbulence intensity of the fluid in the well and the change in the rock permeability comprises:

[0038] By formula: , correct the anti-gas channeling capability index; wherein, Expressed as the modified anti-gas channeling capability index, and represents an empirical constant used to quantify the effect of changes in turbulence intensity and permeability on the gas channeling prevention index, represents the original permeability.

[0039] In the embodiment of the present application, the dynamic operation parameters of the oil and gas well are obtained, and the dynamic operation parameters include the wellhead pressure, the bottom hole pressure, the temperature of the fluid in the well, the average density of the fluid in the well, the fluid viscosity, the gas component ratio, the liquid component ratio and the flow rate; the historical operation data under similar conditions to the oil and gas well are extracted from a pre-established oil and gas well history database; the anti-gas channeling capability index of the oil and gas well is calculated based on the preset multiphase fluid mechanics model and the geomechanics model using the dynamic operation parameters and the historical operation data; the anti-gas channeling capability index is compared with the preset safety threshold to determine whether the oil and gas well is in a safe state; if the anti-gas channeling capability index is less than the safety threshold, a prompt message or an alarm signal is sent and adjustment measures are recommended. The technical solution provided by the present application improves the safety and reliability of the operation of oil and gas wells.

[0040] These and other aspects of the present application will become more clearly understood in the description of the following embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, a brief introduction will be given below to the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0042] Figure 1 A flowchart of a method for evaluating the anti-gas channeling capability of oil and gas wells based on a database is provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present application, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.

[0044] In some of the processes described in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned figures, multiple operations that appear in a specific order are included, but it should be clearly understood that these operations may not be executed in the order in which they appear in this article or executed in parallel. The serial numbers of the operations, such as 101, 102, etc., are only used to distinguish between different operations, and the serial numbers themselves do not represent any execution order. In addition, these processes may include more or fewer operations, and these operations may be executed in sequence or in parallel. It should be noted that the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. in this article are used to distinguish different messages, devices, modules, etc., do not represent the order of precedence, and do not limit the "first" and "second" to be different types.

[0045] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0046] Figure 1 A flowchart of a method for evaluating the anti-gas channeling capability of oil and gas wells based on a database is provided for the embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 As shown, the method includes:

[0047] 101. Obtain dynamic operating parameters of an oil and gas well, wherein the dynamic operating parameters include wellhead pressure, bottom hole pressure, temperature of a fluid in the well, average density of the fluid in the well, fluid viscosity, gas component ratio, liquid component ratio, and flow rate;

[0048] In this step, we obtain the dynamic operating parameters of the oil and gas wells, which are crucial for understanding and optimizing the production process of the oil and gas wells. The following is a detailed explanation of these parameters:

[0049] Wellhead Pressure (WHP): refers to the pressure at the wellhead of an oil or gas well. It is one of the important indicators for measuring the production status of an oil or gas well.

[0050] Bottom Hole Pressure (BHP): refers to the deepest pressure in the well, reflecting the pressure state of the fluid in the formation.

[0051] Downhole Fluid Temperature: Downhole fluid temperature is very important for evaluating fluid properties and wellbore thermodynamic behavior.

[0052] Average Density of Downhole Fluid: The density of the fluid affects its flow properties and separation effect.

[0053] Fluid Viscosity: Viscosity determines the flow resistance of the fluid in the pipe.

[0054] Gas Composition Ratio: includes but is not limited to the ratio of methane, ethane and other components. These data help to understand the gas quality.

[0055] Liquid Composition Ratio: The ratio of liquid components such as crude oil and water is important for evaluating reservoir characteristics and product value.

[0056] Flow Rate: refers to the amount of fluid passing through a certain section of the wellbore per unit time, and is a key parameter for evaluating production capacity.

[0057] In the embodiment of the present application, it is assumed that we have an oil and gas well located in an oil field, numbered W-1234. In order to monitor and analyze its dynamic operation, we use the following steps to obtain the above parameters:

[0058] Install sensors: Install a pressure sensor (such as Rosemount 3051C pressure transmitter) at the wellhead to measure the wellhead pressure; at the same time, install a pressure and temperature sensor (such as BAUMER POGO series) at an appropriate location underground to measure the bottom hole pressure and the temperature of the fluid in the well.

[0059] Fluid sampling and analysis: Fluid samples are taken from the well regularly and analyzed using laboratory equipment (such as gas chromatograph GC) to determine the composition of the fluid, including gas and liquid components.

[0060] On-site measurement and calculation:

[0061] Use a densitometer to measure the density of the fluid in the well;

[0062] Fluid viscosity was measured by rotational viscometer (Brookfield Viscometer);

[0063] The flow rate is measured using a flow meter such as a turbine flow meter.

[0064] Assume that the data of a certain measurement is as follows:

[0065] Wellhead pressure (WHP): 200psi

[0066] Bottom hole pressure (BHP): 3000psi

[0067] Well fluid temperature: 120°C

[0068] Average density: 0.85g / cm³

[0069] Fluid viscosity: 0.003Pa·s

[0070] Gas component ratio: methane (CH4) 80%, ethane (C2H6) 15%

[0071] Liquid component ratio: crude oil 70%, water 30%

[0072] Flow rate: 200m³ / h

[0073] Through the above steps and sample data, we can fully understand the dynamic operation status of oil and gas wells and conduct subsequent analysis and optimization work based on this.

[0074] 102. Extracting historical operation data under conditions similar to those of the oil and gas well from a pre-established oil and gas well history database;

[0075] This step involves extracting historical operating data under conditions similar to those of the oil and gas well from a pre-established oil and gas well history database. The key concepts here include:

[0076] Oil and gas well history database: This is a database containing a large amount of oil and gas well operation data, including but not limited to parameters such as wellhead pressure, bottom hole pressure, temperature, fluid composition and flow rate.

[0077] Similar conditions: refers to the conditions of other oil and gas wells that have similar operating conditions to the current oil and gas well. These conditions can be defined in many ways, such as geographical location, geological structure, fluid type, etc.

[0078] Historical operation data: refers to the actual operation records of oil and gas wells within a certain period of time in the past, which can be used as a reference for the current operation status of oil and gas wells.

[0079] In the present embodiment, it is assumed that we want to evaluate the anti-gas channeling capability of an oil and gas well A located in an oil field in Xinjiang, China. The current operating parameters of the well are as follows:

[0080] Wellhead pressure: (pounds per square inch)

[0081] Bottom hole pressure:

[0082] temperature:

[0083] Average density:

[0084] Gas component ratio:

[0085] Liquid component ratio:

[0086] Flow Rate:

[0087] Here is a specific example:

[0088] We assume that there is a database containing the operating data of all oil and gas wells in Xinjiang Oilfield in the past 10 years. The database records the operating parameters of each well at different times, such as wellhead pressure, bottom hole pressure, temperature, fluid composition, etc.

[0089] We need to find historical operating records with similar conditions to the current conditions of oil and gas well A. To do this, we first define the criteria for similar conditions, such as wellhead pressure within ±200psi, bottomhole pressure within ±400psi, temperature within ±10°F, and fluid composition similarity within ±10%.

[0090] Extraction of historical data: Filter out historical operation data that meets the conditions from the database. For example, we found an oil and gas well named B, and its historical operation parameters are as follows:

[0091] Wellhead pressure:

[0092] Bottom hole pressure:

[0093] temperature:

[0094] Average density:

[0095] Viscosity:

[0096] Gas component ratio:

[0097] Liquid component ratio:

[0098] Flow Rate:

[0099] Using historical data for analysis: Based on the historical operating data of oil and gas well B, we can analyze the problems that may occur in oil and gas well A under similar conditions and use it to predict its gas channeling prevention capabilities through subsequent steps.

[0100] It can be seen from the above embodiments that by comparing the current oil and gas well operation data with the oil and gas well operation data under similar conditions in the historical database, the subsequent steps can be used to effectively evaluate the anti-gas channeling ability of the oil and gas well. This method can not only help predict the safety status of the oil and gas well, but also provide valuable reference information for the operation and maintenance of the oil and gas well.

[0101] 103. Calculate the gas channeling prevention capability index of the oil and gas well based on a preset multiphase fluid mechanics model and a geomechanics model using the dynamic operation parameters and the historical operation data;

[0102] Optionally, the step 103 of calculating the gas channeling prevention capability index of the oil and gas well based on the preset multiphase fluid mechanics model and the geomechanics model includes: using the multiphase fluid mechanics equations to solve the distribution and flow characteristics of the fluid in the well to obtain the fluid distribution function; applying the geomechanics model to calculate the wellbore stability to obtain the wellbore stress distribution function; combining the fluid distribution function and the wellbore stress distribution function, and calculating the gas channeling prevention capability index through the calculation formula of the gas channeling prevention capability index;

[0103] The calculation formula of the anti-gas channeling capability index includes:

[0104] in, Expressed as the anti-gas channeling capability index, is the volume of the well, is the pressure difference in the well, represents the radial position, Indicates the angle, is the maximum allowable stress on the wellbore wall, Expressed as the gas component ratio, where is the gas component number, represents the liquid component ratio, where are the numbers of the liquid components, and Indicates The density of the gas component, Indicates Density of the liquid component represents the fluid viscosity, represents the Boltzmann constant, represents the temperature of the fluid in the well, It is expressed as the wellbore stress distribution function, describing different wellbore stress distribution functions at different radial positions. and angle The stress distribution under , represents the horizontal stress, represents the vertical stress, represents the pore stress; , Indicates the wellhead pressure, represents the bottom hole pressure, represents the average density of the fluid in the well, Indicates flow rate, Indicates additional pressure changes of the fluid at different locations and directions; represents the fluid distribution function, describing the mass flow rate of the fluid at different locations in the well, where Indicates at location The fluid density at Indicates at location The fluid velocity at .

[0105] In this step, the dynamic operation parameters and the historical operation data are used to calculate the gas channeling prevention index of the oil and gas well based on the preset multiphase fluid mechanics model and geomechanics model. The key concepts here include:

[0106] Multiphase fluid dynamics model: This is a mathematical model used to describe the flow behavior of multiphase fluids (such as oil, water, and gas mixtures) in oil and gas wells. It is usually based on the continuity equation, momentum conservation equation, and energy conservation equation.

[0107] Geomechanical model: This is a model used to describe the stress, strain and deformation of rocks, and how the mechanical properties of rocks affect the flow of fluids and the stability of the wellbore wall.

[0108] Anti-gas channeling capability index : This is an indicator used to evaluate the ability of oil and gas wells to prevent the unwanted movement of gas from high-pressure areas to low-pressure areas.

[0109] In the present embodiment, it is assumed that we want to evaluate the anti-gas channeling capability of an oil and gas well A located in an oil field in Xinjiang, China. The current operating parameters of the well are as follows:

[0110] Wellhead pressure: ;

[0111] Bottom hole pressure: ;

[0112] temperature: ;

[0113] Average density: ;

[0114] Viscosity: ;

[0115] Gas component ratio: ;

[0116] Liquid component ratio: ;

[0117] Flow Rate: ;

[0118] Here is a specific example:

[0119] First, we use a multiphase fluid dynamics model to solve for the distribution and flow characteristics of the fluid in the well. This involves solving for the fluid distribution function . Assume that we have obtained the result of the fluid distribution function.

[0120] Next, we use the geomechanical model to calculate the wellbore stability and obtain the wellbore stress distribution function Assume that we have obtained the results of the wellbore stress distribution function.

[0121] Next, we combine the fluid distribution function and the wellbore stress distribution function, and calculate the anti-gas channeling capability index using the above anti-gas channeling capability index calculation formula: .

[0122] Assume that we know the stress distribution function of the wellbore and the maximum allowable stress Assuming the pressure difference in the well is , adiabatic index ,temperature .

[0123] Substituting into the above formula, we get: After simplification, the calculation is: After calculation, we get The values ​​are:

[0124] Result analysis: According to the calculation results, if the gas channeling prevention ability index of oil and gas well A is 0.35, then the gas channeling prevention ability of oil and gas well A is good. If it is lower than the set safety threshold, corresponding preventive measures need to be taken.

[0125] As can be seen from the above embodiments, by combining the multiphase fluid mechanics model and the geomechanics model, the gas channeling prevention ability of oil and gas wells can be effectively evaluated. This method can not only help predict the safety status of oil and gas wells, but also provide valuable reference information for the operation and maintenance of oil and gas wells.

[0126] 104. Compare the gas channeling prevention ability index with a preset safety threshold to determine whether the oil and gas well is in a safe state;

[0127] Optionally, the comparing the gas channeling prevention ability index with a preset safety threshold in step 104 to determine whether the oil and gas well is in a safe state includes: if the gas channeling prevention ability index is greater than or equal to the preset safety threshold, it is determined that the oil and gas well is in a safe state; if the gas channeling prevention ability index is less than the preset safety threshold, it is determined that the oil and gas well is not in a safe state.

[0128] In this step, the gas channeling prevention ability index Cgas is a quantitative index reflecting the gas channeling prevention ability of the oil and gas well, which is calculated. The safety threshold Cthreshold is a preset lower limit of the safety level according to factors such as the design standards and geological conditions of the oil and gas well.

[0129] In the embodiments of the present application, by comparing the gas channeling prevention ability index Cgas with the safety threshold Cthreshold, it can be determined whether the oil and gas well is in a safe state:

[0130] If Cgas≥Cthreshold, it is considered that the oil and gas well is in a safe state.

[0131] If Cgas<Cthreshold, it is considered that the oil and gas well is not in a safe state.

[0132] By comparing the gas channeling prevention ability index Cgas with the safety threshold Cthreshold, we can effectively determine whether the oil and gas well is in a safe state and take corresponding safety measures accordingly. This step is one of the key links to ensure the safe operation of oil and gas wells.

[0133] 105. If the gas channeling prevention ability index is less than the safety threshold, send a prompt message or an alarm signal and recommend adjustment measures.

[0134] Optionally, in step 105, if the anti-gas channeling capability index is less than the safety threshold, sending a prompt message or an alarm signal and recommending adjustment measures, including: setting different safety level thresholds, the safety level thresholds including a warning threshold and a danger threshold, and the danger threshold is greater than the warning threshold; when the anti-gas channeling capability index is less than the warning threshold, sending a prompt message; when the anti-gas channeling capability index is greater than the warning threshold and less than the danger threshold, sending an alarm signal and recommending adjustment measures.

[0135] In this step, the gas channeling prevention index is compared with a preset safety threshold to determine whether the oil and gas well is in a safe state. The key concepts here include:

[0136] Anti-gas channeling capability index : This is an indicator used to evaluate the ability of oil and gas wells to prevent the unwanted movement of gas from high-pressure areas to low-pressure areas.

[0137] Safety level thresholds: including warning thresholds and danger threshold These thresholds are used to define the safety status of oil and gas wells.

[0138] Warning Threshold : When the gas channeling prevention index is lower than this threshold, it indicates that the oil and gas well has potential risks and needs attention.

[0139] Danger threshold : When the gas channeling prevention index is lower than this threshold, it indicates that the oil and gas well is in a high-risk state and immediate measures need to be taken.

[0140] In the present embodiment, it is assumed that we have calculated the gas channeling prevention index of oil and gas well A. is 0.35. Now we will make a judgment on the safety status.

[0141] Set safety level thresholds: We set warning thresholds and danger threshold .

[0142] Safety status judgment: based on By looking at the value of , we can judge the status of the oil and gas well.

[0143] when When the oil and gas well is at risk, a prompt message is sent, indicating that the oil and gas well has potential risks, but has not yet reached a dangerous state. At this time, it is recommended to increase the monitoring frequency and closely observe the operating status of the oil and gas well.

[0144] when When the oil and gas well is at a high risk, an alarm signal is sent and adjustment measures are recommended. This means that the oil and gas well is at a high risk and immediate measures need to be taken to reduce the risk.

[0145] Here is a specific example:

[0146] Assume that the gas channeling prevention index of oil and gas well A is , then according to the set security level threshold:

[0147] Warning Threshold ;

[0148] Danger threshold ;

[0149] because and ,so:

[0150] First, due to , we will send a reminder message: "Oil and gas well A has potential risks, please increase the monitoring frequency and observe closely."

[0151] because , we will also send an alarm signal: "Oil and gas well A is in a high-risk state, please take immediate measures to reduce the risk." And recommend adjustment measures, such as reducing the production rate, increasing the bottom hole pressure, etc.

[0152] Recommended adjustments: If Approaching or falling below the danger threshold , the following adjustment measures are recommended: reduce the production rate of oil and gas wells, increase bottom hole pressure, check the integrity of the well wall or strengthen the support of the well wall.

[0153] It can be seen from the above embodiments that by setting different safety level thresholds, the safety status of oil and gas wells can be effectively judged and necessary preventive measures can be taken in time. This method can help operators respond before problems occur and reduce the occurrence of accidents.

[0154] Optionally, the method also includes: using a deep learning algorithm to perform pattern recognition on the historical operation data to identify the historical operation mode that is closest to the current condition of the oil and gas well; based on the historical operation mode, combined with geological structure data, predicting the changing trend of the anti-gas channeling ability of the oil and gas well under different conditions.

[0155] In this step, deep learning algorithms are used to perform pattern recognition on the historical operation data to identify the historical operation mode that is closest to the current status of the oil and gas well; based on the historical operation mode and combined with geological structure data, the change trend of the anti-gas channeling ability of the oil and gas well under different conditions is predicted. The key concepts here include:

[0156] Deep learning algorithm: This is a machine learning technique used to automatically identify patterns and regularities from large amounts of data.

[0157] Pattern recognition: refers to identifying patterns or regularities in data in order to classify or predict new data.

[0158] Geological structure data: including information such as stratum thickness, rock type, porosity, permeability, etc., used to describe the underground geological environment.

[0159] Prediction of changing trend of gas leakage prevention capability: Based on historical operation mode and geological structure data, predict the changing trend of gas leakage prevention capability under different conditions.

[0160] In the present embodiment, it is assumed that we want to evaluate the anti-gas channeling capability of an oil and gas well A located in an oil field in Xinjiang, China. The current operating parameters of the well are as follows:

[0161] Wellhead pressure: ;

[0162] Bottom hole pressure: ;

[0163] temperature: ;

[0164] Average density: ;

[0165] Viscosity: ;

[0166] Gas component ratio: ;

[0167] Liquid component ratio: ;

[0168] Flow Rate: ;

[0169] In the embodiment of the present application, deep learning algorithms are used for pattern recognition: We use deep learning algorithms to perform pattern recognition on historical operation data to find the historical operation mode that is closest to the current status of oil and gas well A. Assume that we have found an oil and gas well B, whose historical operation parameters are very similar to those of oil and gas well A, which can be used as the basis for predicting the future operation status of oil and gas well A.

[0170] Predicting the change trend of gas channeling prevention capability based on historical operation mode: Based on the historical operation mode of oil and gas well B and combined with geological structure data, we can predict the change trend of gas channeling prevention capability of oil and gas well A under different conditions. Assume that we have obtained the prediction results.

[0171] Here is a specific example:

[0172] Assume that we have collected the oil and gas well operation data of Xinjiang Oilfield for the past 10 years and used deep learning algorithms for pattern recognition. We found an oil and gas well B with the following historical operating parameters:

[0173] Wellhead pressure: ;

[0174] Bottom hole pressure: ;

[0175] temperature: ;

[0176] Average density: ;

[0177] Viscosity: ;

[0178] Gas component ratio: ;

[0179] Liquid component ratio: ;

[0180] Flow Rate: ;

[0181] Pattern recognition: We use deep learning algorithms (such as Convolutional Neural Network, CNN or Long Short-Term Memory, LSTM) to perform pattern recognition on historical operation data to identify the historical operation mode that is closest to the current status of oil and gas well A. Assume that we have trained the model and found the most similar historical operation mode.

[0182] Predicting the change trend of gas channeling prevention capability: Based on the historical operation mode of oil and gas well B and combined with geological structure data, we can predict the change trend of oil and gas well A's gas channeling prevention capability under different conditions. Assume that we have obtained the prediction results, and assume that the prediction results show that under the current conditions, the gas channeling prevention capability index of oil and gas well A is It is likely to fall from 0.35 to 0.30 in the coming month.

[0183] Result analysis: According to the prediction results, we know that the gas channeling prevention index of oil and gas well A is It may decline in the next month, which means that the gas channeling prevention capability of oil and gas well A will be weakened. Therefore, we need to take measures to improve the gas channeling prevention capability, such as increasing the bottom hole pressure and reducing the production rate.

[0184] It can be seen from the above embodiments that by using deep learning algorithms for pattern recognition and combining geological structure data to predict the change trend of gas channeling prevention capabilities, the gas channeling prevention capabilities of oil and gas wells can be effectively evaluated and ensured to be in a safe state. This method can not only help predict the safety status of oil and gas wells, but also provide valuable reference information for the operation and maintenance of oil and gas wells.

[0185] Optionally, the method further comprises: updating the actual operating parameters and historical operating data of the oil and gas well in real time to update the anti-gas channeling capability index.

[0186] In this step, the actual operating parameters and historical operating data of the oil and gas well are updated in real time to update the gas channeling prevention capability index. The key concepts here include:

[0187] Dynamic monitoring strategy: This is a strategy to update oil and gas well operating parameters regularly or in real time to ensure the timeliness and accuracy of the data.

[0188] Actual operating parameters: including but not limited to wellhead pressure, bottom hole pressure, temperature, fluid composition and flow rate, etc.

[0189] Historical operation data: refers to the actual operation records of oil and gas wells over a period of time in the past, including changes in operating parameters.

[0190] Anti-gas channeling capability index : This is an indicator that evaluates the ability of an oil or gas well to prevent the undesirable movement of gas from high-pressure areas to low-pressure areas.

[0191] In the present embodiment, it is assumed that we want to evaluate the anti-gas channeling capability of an oil and gas well A located in an oil field in Xinjiang, China. The current operating parameters of the well are as follows:

[0192] Wellhead pressure: ;

[0193] Bottom hole pressure: ;

[0194] temperature: ;

[0195] Average density: ;

[0196] Viscosity: ;

[0197] Gas component ratio: ;

[0198] Liquid component ratio: ;

[0199] Flow Rate: ;

[0200] In the embodiment of the present application, a dynamic monitoring strategy is implemented: We implement a dynamic monitoring strategy to update the actual operating parameters and historical operating data of the oil and gas well A in real time. Assume that we have set up a monitoring system that collects new operating parameters every hour.

[0201] Real-time update of operating parameters: The new operating parameters collected by the monitoring system are as follows:

[0202] New wellhead pressure:

[0203] New bottom hole pressure:

[0204] New temperature:

[0205] New average density:

[0206] New viscosity:

[0207] New gas composition ratio:

[0208] New liquid component ratio:

[0209] New flow rate:

[0210] Update the anti-gas channeling capability index: Using the new operating parameters, we recalculate the anti-gas channeling capability index . Assume that we have obtained a new value of the anti-gas channeling capability index.

[0211] Calculation of specific values: Assume that we know the new well pressure difference , adiabatic index , new temperature (Fahrenheit to Kelvin). Substituting this into the above formula yields:

[0212] After simplification, the calculation is:

[0213] After calculation, we get the new The values ​​are: Result analysis: According to the calculation results, the new anti-gas channeling capability index is 0.30. If it is lower than the set safety threshold, appropriate preventive measures need to be taken.

[0214] It can be seen from the above embodiments that by implementing a dynamic monitoring strategy and updating the actual operating parameters of the oil and gas wells in real time, the anti-gas channeling capability of the oil and gas wells can be effectively evaluated and the oil and gas wells can be ensured to be in a safe state. This method can not only help predict the safety status of the oil and gas wells, but also provide valuable reference information for the operation and maintenance of the oil and gas wells.

[0215] Optionally, the method further includes: calculating the degree of change of the turbulence intensity of the fluid in the well and the rock permeability based on a preset multiphase fluid mechanics model and a geomechanics model; and correcting the anti-gas channeling capability index according to the turbulence intensity of the fluid in the well and the change of the rock permeability.

[0216] Among them, through the formula: , calculate the turbulence intensity of the fluid in the well; where, It is expressed as the turbulence intensity of the fluid in the well, They represent the fluid velocity in Directional pulsation component;

[0217] Among them, through the formula: , calculate the change of rock permeability; where Expressed as the change in rock permeability, represents the original permeability, It represents the permeability sensitivity coefficient, which is used to quantify the influence of effective stress on permeability change.

[0218] It represents effective stress, which refers to the actual stress inside the rock;

[0219] Among them, through the formula: , correct the anti-gas channeling capability index; wherein, Expressed as the modified anti-gas channeling capability index, and represents an empirical constant used to quantify the effect of changes in turbulence intensity and permeability on the gas channeling prevention index, represents the original permeability.

[0220] In this step, based on the preset multiphase fluid mechanics model and geomechanics model, the turbulence intensity of the well fluid and the degree of change of the rock permeability are calculated; and the anti-gas channeling capability index is corrected according to the turbulence intensity of the well fluid and the change of the rock permeability. The key concepts here include:

[0221] Multiphase fluid dynamics model: This is a mathematical model used to describe the flow behavior of multiphase fluids (such as oil, water, and gas mixtures) in oil and gas wells. It is usually based on the continuity equation, momentum conservation equation, and energy conservation equation.

[0222] Geomechanical model: This is a model used to describe the stress, strain and deformation of rocks, and how the mechanical properties of rocks affect the flow of fluids and the stability of the wellbore wall.

[0223] Turbulence intensity : A measure of the irregularity of fluid flow.

[0224] Rock permeability changes : Reflects changes in the ability of rocks to allow fluid to pass through.

[0225] Corrected Anti-gas Channeling Capability Index : Modification of the gas channeling prevention index after considering the influence of turbulence intensity and rock permeability changes.

[0226] In the present embodiment, it is assumed that we want to evaluate the anti-gas channeling capability of an oil and gas well A located in an oil field in Xinjiang, China. The current operating parameters of the well are as follows:

[0227] Wellhead pressure: ;

[0228] Bottom hole pressure: ;

[0229] temperature: ;

[0230] Average density: ;

[0231] Viscosity: ;

[0232] Gas component ratio: ;

[0233] Liquid component ratio: ;

[0234] Flow Rate: ;

[0235] Here is a specific example:

[0236] Calculating turbulence intensity :We use the following formula to calculate the turbulence intensity of the fluid in the well :

[0237]

[0238] in, The fluid velocities are Assume that we have obtained the results of turbulence intensity. To simplify the calculation, we assume that the pulsating components of fluid velocity in three directions are Calculate rock permeability changes : We calculate the change in rock permeability using the following formula : in, is the original permeability, is the permeability sensitivity coefficient, is the effective stress. Assume that we have obtained the results of the change in rock permeability. To simplify the calculation, we assume that the original permeability is , permeability sensitivity coefficient , effective stress .

[0239] Modified gas channeling resistance index: Finally, we use the turbulence intensity of the fluid in the well to and changes in rock permeability Modified Anti-gas Channeling Capability Index .

[0240] in, is the original anti-gas channeling capability index, and is an empirical constant used to quantify the effect of turbulence intensity and permeability changes on the gas channeling resistance index. Assume that we know , the empirical constant and .

[0241] Calculation of specific values:

[0242] calculate : calculate : calculate Result analysis: According to the calculation results, the corrected anti-gas channeling capability index is 0.497. If it is lower than the set safety threshold, appropriate preventive measures need to be taken.

[0243] It can be seen from the above embodiments that by considering the influence of turbulence intensity and rock permeability changes on the anti-gas channeling capability index and correcting it, the anti-gas channeling capability of oil and gas wells can be more accurately evaluated and ensure that the oil and gas wells are in a safe state. This method can not only help predict the safety status of oil and gas wells, but also provide valuable reference information for the operation and maintenance of oil and gas wells.

[0244] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit it. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the anti-gas channeling capability of oil and gas wells based on a database, characterized in that: include: Obtaining dynamic operating parameters of the oil and gas well, wherein the dynamic operating parameters include wellhead pressure, bottom hole pressure, temperature of the well fluid, average density of the well fluid, fluid viscosity, gas component ratio, liquid component ratio and flow rate; Extracting historical operation data under conditions similar to those of the oil and gas well from a pre-established oil and gas well history database; Using the dynamic operation parameters and the historical operation data, based on a preset multiphase fluid mechanics model and a geomechanics model, calculate the gas channeling prevention capability index of the oil and gas well; Comparing the gas channeling prevention capability index with a preset safety threshold to determine whether the oil and gas well is in a safe state; If the anti-gas channeling capability index is less than the safety threshold, a prompt message or an alarm signal is sent and adjustment measures are recommended; Wherein, the method further comprises: Using a deep learning algorithm to perform pattern recognition on the historical operating data to identify the historical operating pattern that is closest to the current condition of the oil and gas well; Based on the historical operation mode and in combination with geological structure data, predict the change trend of the gas channeling prevention capability of the oil and gas well under different conditions; The method of calculating the gas channeling prevention index of the oil and gas well based on the preset multiphase fluid mechanics model and geomechanics model includes: Using the multiphase fluid mechanics equations, the distribution and flow characteristics of the fluid in the well are solved to obtain the fluid distribution function; Apply geomechanical model to calculate wellbore stability and obtain wellbore stress distribution function; Combining the fluid distribution function and the wellbore stress distribution function, the anti-gas channeling capability index is calculated by using the calculation formula of the anti-gas channeling capability index; The calculation formula of the anti-gas channeling capability index includes: Among them, C gas It is expressed as the gas channeling prevention index, V is the well volume, ΔP(r,θ) is the well pressure difference, r represents the radial position, θ represents the angle, S max is the maximum allowable stress on the wellbore wall, X i Expressed as the gas component ratio, where i is the gas component number, Y j represents the liquid component ratio, where j is the liquid component number, and ρ i represents the density of the i-th gas component, ρ j represents the density of the jth liquid component, μ represents the fluid viscosity, k represents the Boltzmann constant, T represents the temperature of the fluid in the well, and S(r,θ) represents the well wall stress distribution function, which describes the stress distribution of different well walls at different radial positions r and angles θ. Among them, S(r,θ)=σ h (r,θ)+σ v (r,θ)-σ pore (r,θ),σ h (r,θ) represents horizontal stress, σ v (r,θ) represents the vertical stress, σ pore (r,θ) represents the pore stress; P wellhead Indicates the wellhead pressure, P bottom represents the bottom hole pressure, ρ represents the average density of the fluid in the well, v represents the flow velocity, g(r,θ) represents the additional pressure change of the fluid at different positions and directions; f(x,y,z) represents the fluid distribution function, which describes the mass flow rate of the fluid at different positions in the well, where f(x,y,z)=ρ(x,y,z)·v(x,y,z), ρ(x,y,z) represents the fluid density at position (x,y,z), and v(x,y,z) represents the fluid velocity at position (x,y,z).

2. The method for evaluating the anti-gas channeling capability of oil and gas wells based on a database according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of comparing the gas channeling prevention capability index with a preset safety threshold to determine whether the oil and gas well is in a safe state includes: If the gas channeling prevention capability index is greater than or equal to a preset safety threshold, it is determined that the oil and gas well is in a safe state; If the gas channeling prevention capability index is less than a preset safety threshold, it is determined that the oil and gas well is not in a safe state; If the anti-gas channeling capability index is less than the safety threshold, a prompt message or an alarm signal is sent and adjustment measures are recommended, including: setting different safety level thresholds, the safety level thresholds include a warning threshold and a danger threshold, and the danger threshold is greater than the warning threshold; When the anti-gas channeling capability index is less than the warning threshold, sending a prompt message; When the anti-gas channeling capability index is greater than the warning threshold and less than the danger threshold, an alarm signal is sent and adjustment measures are recommended.

3. The method for evaluating the anti-gas channeling capability of oil and gas wells based on a database according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: The actual operating parameters and historical operating data of the oil and gas well are updated in real time to update the gas channeling prevention capability index.

4. The method for evaluating the anti-gas channeling capability of oil and gas wells based on a database according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: Based on the preset multiphase fluid mechanics model and geomechanics model, calculate the turbulence intensity of the fluid in the well and the degree of change of rock permeability; The gas channeling prevention capability index is modified according to the turbulence intensity of the fluid in the well and the change in the rock permeability.

5. The method for evaluating the anti-gas channeling capability of oil and gas wells based on a database according to claim 4, characterized in that: Calculate the turbulence intensity of the fluid in the well, including: By formula: Calculate the turbulence intensity of the fluid in the well; where I t It is expressed as the turbulence intensity of the fluid in the well, and u', v', and w' represent the pulsating components of the fluid velocity in the x, y, and z directions, respectively; Calculate the degree of change in rock permeability, including: By formula: K var =K0·exp(-α·σ), calculate the change of rock permeability; where K var It is expressed as the change of rock permeability, K0 represents the original permeability, α represents the permeability sensitivity coefficient, which is used to quantify the influence of effective stress on permeability change, and σ represents the effective stress, which refers to the actual stress inside the rock; The step of correcting the gas channeling prevention capability index according to the turbulence intensity of the fluid in the well and the change in the rock permeability comprises: By formula: Modify the anti-gas channeling capability index; wherein, It is expressed as a modified anti-gas channeling capability index, β and γ represent empirical constants used to quantify the influence of turbulence intensity and permeability changes on the anti-gas channeling capability index, and K0 represents the original permeability.

Images