A system and method for regulating hydrogen outlet temperature of a liquid hydrogen refueling station

Abstract

The present invention discloses a system and method for regulating the hydrogen outlet temperature of a liquid hydrogen refueling station, the system comprising a liquid hydrogen storage tank, a heat exchanger, an air-temperature vaporizer, a compressor, a sequential control panel group, a medium-pressure and high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group, a hydrogen throttling orifice plate, and a hydrogenator inlet; the heat exchanger comprises a liquid hydrogen pipeline and a high-pressure hydrogen pipeline; the outlet of the liquid hydrogen storage tank is connected to the inlet of the liquid hydrogen pipeline, and the outlet of the liquid hydrogen pipeline is connected to the first hydrogen pipeline; the first hydrogen pipeline is sequentially connected to the air-temperature vaporizer, the compressor, and the sequential control panel group, the sequential control panel group is connected to the medium-pressure and high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group, and the hydrogen throttling orifice plate, the hydrogen throttling orifice plate outlet is connected to the high-pressure hydrogen pipeline inlet, and the high-pressure hydrogen pipeline outlet is connected to the hydrogenator. The present invention develops a system and method for precooling hydrogen by two-phase countercurrent heat exchange, vaporizing first and then pressurizing, and controlling the two-phase flow of hydrogen to adjust the hydrogen precooling effect, which can accurately adjust the outlet hydrogen temperature, has low cost, and has good practical value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of hydrogen energy, and in particular to a system and method for regulating the hydrogen outlet temperature of a liquid hydrogen refueling station. Background Art

[0002] During the hydrogen filling process of hydrogen fuel cell vehicle tanks, the tank temperature will rise rapidly and may exceed the temperature limit of the tank, resulting in safety risks, so it is necessary to pre-cool the hydrogen. In the U.S. hydrogen vehicle refueling specification SAEJ2601, the 70MPa hydrogen refueling temperature is divided into several different levels, among which the highest level T40 (-40~-33℃) has a refueling speed that is twice that of T30 and four times that of T20, so it is necessary to use a precooler to pre-cool the hydrogen at the T40 level.

[0003] The common technology of existing liquid hydrogen refueling stations generally converts low-temperature hydrogen into room-temperature hydrogen first, and then cools the room-temperature hydrogen by precooling. However, heating or cooling usually requires the use of external heat medium or refrigerant, which consumes a lot of energy and wastes the cold capacity of the liquid hydrogen itself. An improved idea is to convert part of the liquid hydrogen into room-temperature hydrogen in an existing way, and then use the cold capacity carried by the other part of the liquid hydrogen to precool the aforementioned room-temperature hydrogen, thereby eliminating the precooling device used in the existing technology to precool the hydrogen before refueling, saving costs and reducing the waste of liquid hydrogen cold capacity.

[0004] For example, patent CN115325441A discloses a hydrogen precooler test system and method, in which liquid hydrogen on the cold side and high-pressure hydrogen gas on the hot side are exchanged in an integrated plate heat exchanger (CN115717841A), and the hydrogen gas is cooled by the cold capacity of liquid hydrogen. The hydrogen gas after being vaporized from the liquid hydrogen is recovered and stored, which can be used for secondary use in hydrogen refueling stations, thus saving hydrogen resources.

[0005] However, in the actual process of hydrogen filling at a hydrogen filling station, the external environment, hydrogen flow rate and heat exchange rate are all constantly changing. If the temperature of the precooled hydrogen changes and is lower than or exceeds the T40 precooling temperature range, it needs to be adjusted in time to ensure that the hydrogen outlet temperature meets the T40 grade requirements. However, the existing technology lacks corresponding processes and devices for real-time adjustment of the hydrogen outlet temperature. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a full-process liquid hydrogen hydrogenation hydrogen outlet temperature adjustment system device and a method for hydrogen outlet temperature adjustment based on a new type of liquid hydrogen hydrogenation station hydrogen precooler. The present invention solves the problems of hydrogen failing to achieve precooling effect or hydrogen precooling temperature being too low by adjusting compressor frequency, hydrogen throttling orifice, hydrogen flow control, high and low temperature hydrogen intake mixing, etc., and controls the filling high-pressure hydrogen temperature to be maintained at -40℃~-33℃.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0008] A system for regulating the hydrogen outlet temperature of a liquid hydrogen refueling station, the system comprising a liquid hydrogen storage tank, a heat exchanger, an air-temperature vaporizer, a compressor, a sequence control panel group, a medium-pressure and high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group, a hydrogen throttling orifice plate, and a hydrogen refueling machine;

[0009] The heat exchanger includes a liquid hydrogen pipeline and a high-pressure hydrogen pipeline, so that the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen pipeline cools the high-pressure hydrogen in the high-pressure hydrogen pipeline;

[0010] The outlet of the liquid hydrogen storage tank is connected to the inlet of the liquid hydrogen pipeline, and the outlet of the liquid hydrogen pipeline is connected to the first hydrogen pipeline; the first hydrogen pipeline is connected to the air-temperature vaporizer, the compressor, and the sequential control panel group in sequence, the sequential control panel group is connected to the medium-pressure and high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group through a pipeline, and the sequential control panel group is connected to the hydrogen throttling orifice plate through a pipeline; the outlet of the hydrogen throttling orifice plate is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure hydrogen pipeline of the heat exchanger, and the outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen pipeline is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen filling machine.

[0011] Preferably, the heat exchanger may be a microchannel plate heat exchanger disclosed in CN115717841A.

[0012] The sequential control panel group is used to control the storage and filling of high-pressure hydrogen. The high-pressure hydrogen can be stored in the medium-pressure and high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group, or the high-pressure hydrogen can be filled into the hydrogen filling machine from the medium-pressure and high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group.

[0013] The hydrogen refueling machine is used to refuel the vehicle with hydrogen.

[0014] Furthermore, the outlet of the liquid hydrogen pipeline is also connected to a second hydrogen pipeline, and a low-temperature hydrogen bypass valve is provided on the second hydrogen pipeline; the sequential control panel group is provided with a heat exchange device, and the heat exchange device includes a low-temperature hydrogen pipeline and a hydrogen filling pipeline, so that the low-temperature hydrogen in the low-temperature hydrogen pipeline pre-cools the high-pressure hydrogen in the hydrogen filling pipeline; the inlet of the low-temperature hydrogen pipeline is connected to the second hydrogen pipeline provided with a low-temperature hydrogen bypass valve, and the outlet of the low-temperature hydrogen pipeline is connected to the inlet of the compressor; the inlet of the hydrogen filling pipeline is connected to the medium-pressure and high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group, and the outlet of the hydrogen filling pipeline is connected to the hydrogen throttling orifice plate.

[0015] Furthermore, the sequential control panel group includes a hydrogen inlet pipeline, a hydrogen outlet pipeline and a hydrogen main pipeline, the outlet of the hydrogen inlet pipeline and the inlet of the hydrogen outlet pipeline are respectively connected to the hydrogen main pipeline, and the hydrogen main pipeline is connected to each hydrogen storage bottle; the compressor outlet is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen inlet pipeline, and the outlet of the hydrogen outlet pipeline is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen filling pipeline.

[0016] The hydrogen inlet pipeline is provided with an inlet valve for controlling the filling of hydrogen into the hydrogen storage bottle group;

[0017] The hydrogen outlet pipeline is provided with an outlet valve for controlling the output of high-pressure hydrogen from the hydrogen storage bottle group.

[0018] Furthermore, the sequential control disk group includes multiple sequential control disks, each of which is connected to a corresponding hydrogenator of the same pressure, and each of which is connected to multiple parallel hydrogen storage bottles, through which the hydrogenator is filled.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment, the liquid hydrogen pipeline and the high-pressure hydrogen pipeline in the heat exchanger are arranged in staggered countercurrent to facilitate sufficient heat exchange.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment, in the sequential control disk group, the low-temperature hydrogen pipeline and the hydrogen filling pipeline in the heat exchange device are staggered and counter-currently arranged to facilitate sufficient heat exchange.

[0021] The hydrogen throttling orifice plate is used to control the flow rate of hydrogen filling.

[0022] The hydrogen throttling orifice plate includes a main air inlet pipe, a main air outlet pipe, and multiple branch pipelines, each branch pipeline is provided with a solenoid valve, the inlet of the main air inlet pipe is connected to the sequence control disk group through a pipeline, the outlet of the main air inlet pipe is connected to the inlet of multiple branch pipelines, the outlets of multiple branch pipelines are connected to the inlet of the main air outlet pipe, and the outlet of the main air outlet pipe is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure hydrogen pipeline of the heat exchanger through a pipeline.

[0023] Preferably, the plurality of branch pipelines have different thicknesses.

[0024] The plurality of branch pipelines may be more than 3 branch pipelines, preferably 3 to 6 branch pipelines, and more preferably 4 branch pipelines.

[0025] The solenoid valve on the branch pipeline is preferably a solenoid valve dedicated to high-pressure hydrogen.

[0026] The hydrogenator is generally provided with a temperature sensor for real-time detection of the temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen entering the hydrogenator. The temperature sensor can be arranged at the entrance of the hydrogenator.

[0027] Furthermore, the system of the present invention may also include a controller, which is respectively connected to the compressor, the solenoid valve on the branch pipeline of the hydrogen throttling orifice plate, and the low-temperature hydrogen bypass valve on the second hydrogen pipeline to control the operating frequency of the compressor and the start and stop states of the solenoid valve and the low-temperature hydrogen bypass valve.

[0028] Furthermore, the temperature sensor can obtain the temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen in real time and output a temperature signal to the controller. The controller receives the temperature signal and outputs a control signal to the compressor, the solenoid valve, and the low-temperature hydrogen bypass valve.

[0029] The present invention also discloses a method for adjusting the hydrogen outlet temperature of a liquid hydrogen refueling station, using the system for adjusting the hydrogen outlet temperature of the liquid hydrogen refueling station, the method comprises the following steps:

[0030] (1) The liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank flows into the heat exchanger, where it exchanges heat with the high-pressure hydrogen and cools the high-pressure hydrogen to make the temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen at the outlet of the heat exchanger -40°C to -33°C and the pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen 5 to 90 MPa. After passing through the heat exchanger, the liquid hydrogen becomes low-temperature hydrogen with a temperature of -70 to -90°C. It then enters the air-temperature vaporizer and is further heated to room temperature.

[0031] (2) Hydrogen at room temperature enters the compressor for pressurization to 70-90 MPa, and then enters the sequential control panel group, where it is distributed and stored in the medium-pressure and high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group according to different pressures;

[0032] (3) When filling hydrogen, the sequence control panel group inputs high-pressure hydrogen from the medium-pressure and high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group into the hydrogen throttling orifice plate to control the hydrogen flow rate. The hydrogen then enters the heat exchanger to exchange heat with liquid hydrogen, cools to -40℃~-33℃, and passes into the hydrogen filling machine to fill the vehicle with hydrogen.

[0033] Further, in the method, when the temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen at the outlet of the heat exchanger is lower than -40°C to -33°C, the compressor reduces the operating frequency, so that the liquid hydrogen flow at the outlet of the liquid hydrogen storage tank decreases, the cooling capacity of the heat exchanger is reduced, the cooling effect of the high-pressure hydrogen decreases, and the temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen at the outlet of the heat exchanger is increased to -40°C to -33°C;

[0034] When the temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen at the outlet of the heat exchanger is higher than -40℃~-33℃, the high-pressure hydrogen flow rate is reduced through the hydrogen throttling orifice plate control, the cooling effect of the high-pressure hydrogen is improved, and the high-pressure hydrogen temperature at the outlet of the heat exchanger is reduced to -40℃~-33℃.

[0035] The specific steps of controlling the high-pressure hydrogen flow rate by the hydrogen throttling orifice plate are as follows:

[0036] After high-pressure hydrogen enters the main inlet pipe of the hydrogen throttling orifice plate, it is divided into multiple paths and enters the branch pipes. After passing through the branch pipes, it converges to the main outlet pipe, and the activation of the branch pipes is controlled by the solenoid valve. When the solenoid valves of each branch pipe are working normally, they are all open. When the flow of high-pressure hydrogen needs to be limited, the branch pipes will close the solenoid valves on the branch pipes in order according to the difference between the hydrogen outlet temperature and the predetermined temperature, thereby limiting the flow of high-pressure hydrogen.

[0037] In the heat exchanger, the reduction in the high-pressure hydrogen flow rate means that the heat that can be carried away by the high-pressure hydrogen flow is relatively reduced. When the liquid hydrogen flow rate on the cold side remains unchanged, the cooling temperature will decrease.

[0038] Furthermore, when the hydrogen throttling orifice plate controls the hydrogen temperature by controlling the high-pressure hydrogen flow rate, but it still cannot be reduced to -40℃~-33℃, the low-temperature hydrogen bypass valve on the second hydrogen pipeline is opened at this time, so that after the liquid hydrogen flows through the heat exchanger, part of the low-temperature hydrogen at -70℃~-90℃ does not pass through the air-temperature vaporizer, but directly enters the heat exchange device of the sequential control panel group, and the low-temperature hydrogen in the low-temperature hydrogen pipeline precools the high-pressure hydrogen in the hydrogen filling pipeline. After the filling hydrogen is cooled by the heat exchange device of the sequential control panel group, it enters the heat exchanger for a second cooling, and the temperature can be reduced to -40℃~-33℃; after passing through the heat exchange device of the sequential control panel group, the low-temperature hydrogen directly enters the compressor for pressurization, and then is distributed and stored in the medium-pressure and high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group through the sequential control panel group. When the temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen reaches -40℃~-33℃, the low-temperature hydrogen bypass valve is closed.

[0039] Furthermore, in the method, when the system is operating normally and no vehicle is refueling, the compressor operates at the lowest frequency, the compressor suction drives the liquid hydrogen and hydrogen gas in the pipeline to flow, and the liquid hydrogen continuously flows through the heat exchanger at a minimum to maintain sufficient cooling capacity of the heat exchanger for startup. The compressed high-pressure hydrogen is distributed through the sequential control panel group and stored in the medium-pressure and high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group;

[0040] When a vehicle is refueling with hydrogen, the compressor operates normally and the hydrogen refueling machine works at the same time. The sequential control panel is used to control the simultaneous storage and injection of hydrogen. In the heat exchanger, liquid hydrogen and gaseous hydrogen are convectively exchanged to maintain the temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen in the hydrogen refueling machine at -40~-33℃.

[0041] The present invention develops a system and method for regulating the outlet temperature of hydrogen gas at a liquid hydrogen refueling station that is suitable for precooling hydrogen gas by two-phase countercurrent heat exchange and first vaporizing and then pressurizing the gas. The method of the present invention can reuse the hydrogen gas at the hydrogen refueling station and save hydrogen resources.

[0042] The heat exchanger of the present invention is based on a microchannel plate heat exchanger, so that liquid hydrogen can cool high-pressure hydrogen, and the hydrogen pre-cooling effect can be adjusted by hydrogen two-phase flow control. On the one hand, the cooling source can be controlled by controlling the liquid hydrogen flow, and on the other hand, the cooling demand can be controlled by controlling the high-pressure hydrogen flow, so that the hydrogen temperature at the outlet of the hydrogenator can be adjusted more accurately. When cooling the pre-cooled hydrogen, the flow rate of the hydrogen filling is limited at the same time, which plays a dual safety function.

[0043] The present invention utilizes liquid hydrogen cooling capacity to cool high-pressure hydrogen, does not require additional refrigerant, reduces energy consumption, reduces operating costs, and has good promotion and application value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a system for regulating the hydrogen outlet temperature of a liquid hydrogen refueling station of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a sequential control panel group with a heat exchange device.

[0046] Explanation of the accompanying numbers: 1-liquid hydrogen storage tank; 2-microchannel plate heat exchanger; 21-liquid hydrogen pipeline; 22-high-pressure hydrogen pipeline; 3-air-temperature vaporizer; 4-compressor; 5-sequential control panel group with heat exchange device; 51-heat exchange device; 511-low-temperature hydrogen pipeline; 512-hydrogen filling pipeline; 52-hydrogen inlet pipeline; 521-inlet valve; 53-hydrogen outlet pipeline; 531-outlet valve; 54-hydrogen main pipeline; 6-medium-pressure and high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group; 61-hydrogen storage bottle; 7-hydrogen throttling orifice plate; 71-main inlet pipe, 72-main outlet pipe, 73-branch pipeline; 731-solenoid valve; 8-low-temperature hydrogen bypass valve; 9-hydrogenator; 10-first hydrogen pipeline; 11-second hydrogen pipeline. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] In order to make the purpose, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0049] Unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connection", "fixation" and "setting" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, a direct connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or a connection between two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a system for regulating the hydrogen outlet temperature of a liquid hydrogen refueling station, the system comprising a liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, a heat exchanger 2, an air temperature vaporizer 3, a compressor 4, a sequence control panel group 5, a medium-pressure and high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group 6, a hydrogen throttling orifice plate 7, and a hydrogen refueling machine 9;

[0052] The heat exchanger 2 includes a liquid hydrogen pipeline 21 and a high-pressure hydrogen pipeline 22, so that the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen pipeline 21 cools the high-pressure hydrogen in the high-pressure hydrogen pipeline 22;

[0053] The outlet of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is connected to the inlet of the liquid hydrogen pipeline 21, and the outlet of the liquid hydrogen pipeline 21 is connected to the first hydrogen pipeline 10; the first hydrogen pipeline 10 is connected to the air-temperature vaporizer 3, the compressor 4, and the sequential control panel group 5 in sequence, the sequential control panel group 5 is connected to the medium-pressure and high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group 6 through a pipeline, and the sequential control panel group 5 is connected to the hydrogen throttling orifice plate 7 through a pipeline; the outlet of the hydrogen throttling orifice plate 7 is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure hydrogen pipeline 22 of the heat exchanger 2, and the outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen pipeline 22 is connected to the inlet of the hydrogenator 9.

[0054] In a preferred embodiment, the heat exchanger 2 may be a microchannel plate heat exchanger disclosed in CN115717841A.

[0055] The microchannel plate heat exchanger can exchange heat between liquid hydrogen and high-pressure hydrogen, thereby utilizing the coldness of liquid hydrogen to cool the high-pressure hydrogen to the required temperature.

[0056] The heat exchange medium of the air-temperature evaporator 3 can be air. The air-temperature evaporator 3 is used to obtain room-temperature hydrogen by heat exchange with the low-temperature hydrogen at the outlet of the heat exchanger 2.

[0057] The compressor 4 is used to compress normal pressure hydrogen into high pressure hydrogen. The compressor is usually provided with a water cooling device to cool the hydrogen during pressurization to maintain a normal temperature state.

[0058] The present invention compresses hydrogen after it is heated to room temperature. Since the compressor has large losses when working in a low temperature state, low-temperature hydrogen causes great damage to compressor parts, resulting in increased costs. Therefore, in actual industrial applications, it is preferred to compress hydrogen at room temperature.

[0059] The sequential control panel group 5 can control the storage and filling of high-pressure hydrogen, and can store high-pressure hydrogen in the medium-pressure and high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group 6, or fill the high-pressure hydrogen from the medium-pressure and high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group into the hydrogen filling machine 9.

[0060] Furthermore, the outlet of the liquid hydrogen pipeline 21 is also connected to the second hydrogen pipeline 11, and the second hydrogen pipeline 11 is provided with a low-temperature hydrogen bypass valve 8; the sequential control disk group 5 is provided with a heat exchange device 51, reference Figure 2 The heat exchange device 51 includes a low-temperature hydrogen pipeline 511 and a hydrogen filling pipeline 512, so that the low-temperature hydrogen in the low-temperature hydrogen pipeline 511 pre-cools the high-pressure hydrogen in the hydrogen filling pipeline 512; the inlet of the low-temperature hydrogen pipeline 511 is connected to the second hydrogen pipeline 11 provided with a low-temperature hydrogen bypass valve 8, and the outlet of the low-temperature hydrogen pipeline 511 is connected to the inlet of the compressor 4; the inlet of the hydrogen filling pipeline 512 is connected to the medium-pressure and high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group, and the outlet of the hydrogen filling pipeline 512 is connected to the hydrogen throttling orifice plate 7.

[0061] Further, the structural diagram of the sequential control panel group is as follows Figure 2 As shown,

[0062] The sequential control panel group 5 includes a hydrogen inlet pipeline 52, a hydrogen outlet pipeline 53 and a hydrogen main pipeline 54. The outlet of the hydrogen inlet pipeline 52 and the inlet of the hydrogen outlet pipeline 53 are respectively connected to the hydrogen main pipeline 54, and the hydrogen main pipeline 54 can be connected to multiple hydrogen storage bottles 61 with different pressures; the outlet of the compressor 4 is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen inlet pipeline 52, and the outlet of the hydrogen outlet pipeline 53 is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen filling pipeline 512.

[0063] There can be multiple hydrogen inlet pipelines 52, and multiple hydrogen outlet pipelines 53, which can be respectively connected to the hydrogen main pipeline 54. There can also be multiple hydrogen main pipelines 54, which can be respectively connected to hydrogen storage bottles 61 with different pressures.

[0064] The hydrogen inlet pipeline 52 may be provided with an inlet valve 521 for controlling the filling of hydrogen into the hydrogen storage bottle group;

[0065] The hydrogen outlet pipeline 53 is provided with an outlet valve 531 for controlling the output of high-pressure hydrogen from the hydrogen storage bottle group.

[0066] Further, the sequence control disk group 5 may include a plurality of sequence control disks, each of which is respectively connected to a corresponding hydrogenation machine of the same pressure;

[0067] The medium-pressure and high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group includes a plurality of hydrogen storage bottles 61. Each sequence control panel is connected to a plurality of hydrogen storage bottles in parallel, and the hydrogen filling machine is filled and refilled through the hydrogen storage bottles. The hydrogen storage bottles 61 may also be provided with valves to control the inlet and outlet of hydrogen.

[0068] In a preferred embodiment, the liquid hydrogen pipeline 21 and the high-pressure hydrogen pipeline 22 in the heat exchanger are arranged in a staggered countercurrent manner to facilitate sufficient heat exchange.

[0069] In a preferred embodiment, in the sequential control disk group, the low-temperature hydrogen pipeline 511 and the hydrogen filling pipeline 512 in the heat exchange device 51 are arranged in staggered countercurrent to facilitate sufficient heat exchange.

[0070] The hydrogen throttling orifice plate 7 is used to control the flow rate of the injected high-pressure hydrogen.

[0071] The hydrogen throttling orifice plate 7 includes a main air inlet pipe 71, a main air outlet pipe 72, and a plurality of branch pipes 73, each branch pipe 73 is provided with a solenoid valve 731, the inlet of the main air inlet pipe 71 is connected to the outlet of the hydrogen filling pipe 512 of the sequence control disk group 5 through a pipeline, the outlet of the main air inlet pipe 71 is connected to the inlet of the plurality of branch pipes 73, the outlets of the plurality of branch pipes 73 are connected to the inlet of the main air outlet pipe 72, and the outlet of the main air outlet pipe 72 is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure hydrogen pipeline 22 of the heat exchanger 2 through a pipeline.

[0072] In a preferred embodiment, the plurality of branch pipes 73 have different thicknesses.

[0073] The plurality of branch pipelines may be more than 3 branch pipelines, preferably 3 to 6 branch pipelines. Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the four branch pipelines is given.

[0074] The solenoid valve 731 on the branch pipeline 73 is preferably a solenoid valve dedicated to high-pressure hydrogen. The solenoid valve dedicated to high-pressure hydrogen can control the opening and closing of the branch pipeline.

[0075] The hydrogenator 9 is provided with a temperature sensor 12 at the inlet for detecting the temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen entering the hydrogenator in real time.

[0076] Furthermore, the system of the present invention may also include a controller, which is respectively connected to the compressor 4, the solenoid valve 731 on the branch pipeline of the hydrogen throttling orifice plate, and the low-temperature hydrogen bypass valve 8 on the second hydrogen pipeline to control the operating frequency of the compressor 4, the start and stop states of the solenoid valve 731 and the low-temperature hydrogen bypass valve 8.

[0077] The controller can also be connected to the inlet valve 521 and the outlet valve 531 on the sequential control panel group to control the hydrogen filling or hydrogen refilling of the hydrogen storage bottle and the hydrogen flow rate.

[0078] Furthermore, the temperature sensor can obtain the temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen in real time and output a temperature signal to the controller. The controller receives the temperature signal and outputs a control signal to the compressor, solenoid valve, low-temperature hydrogen bypass valve, and sequential control panel group.

[0079] Example 2

[0080] Using the system for adjusting the hydrogen outlet temperature of the liquid hydrogen refueling station of Example 1, a method for adjusting the hydrogen outlet temperature of the liquid hydrogen refueling station comprises the following steps:

[0081] (1) Liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank flows into the heat exchanger, where it exchanges heat with high-pressure hydrogen and cools the high-pressure hydrogen, making the temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen at the outlet of the heat exchanger -40°C~-33°C and the pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen 5~90MPa. The pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen will change with the state of hydrogen filling in the fuel cell vehicle, starting from about 5MPa, and the final high-pressure pipeline pressure is 70~90MPa; after passing through the heat exchanger, the liquid hydrogen becomes normal-pressure low-temperature hydrogen with a temperature of -70~-90°C; then it enters the air-temperature vaporizer and is further heated to normal temperature and pressure;

[0082] (2) Hydrogen at room temperature enters the compressor for pressurization to 70~90MPa, and then enters the sequential control panel group, where it is distributed and stored in the medium-pressure and high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group according to different pressures; the hydrogen storage bottle group can be divided into a medium-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group and a high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group. The hydrogen pressure of the medium-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group is 35-45MPa; the hydrogen pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group is 70~90MPa, and the temperature is room temperature.

[0083] (3) When filling hydrogen, the sequence control panel group inputs high-pressure hydrogen from the medium-pressure and high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group into the hydrogen throttling orifice plate to control the hydrogen flow rate. The hydrogen then enters the heat exchanger to exchange heat with liquid hydrogen, cools to -40℃~-33℃, and passes into the hydrogen filling machine to fill the vehicle with hydrogen.

[0084] Furthermore, when the temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen at the outlet of the heat exchanger is lower than -40°C to -33°C, the compressor reduces the operating frequency, causing the liquid hydrogen flow at the outlet of the liquid hydrogen storage tank to decrease, reducing the cooling capacity of the heat exchanger, reducing the cooling effect of the high-pressure hydrogen, and raising the temperature to -40°C to -33°C;

[0085] When the temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen at the outlet of the heat exchanger is higher than -40℃~-33℃, the hydrogen throttling orifice plate is used to control the high-pressure hydrogen flow rate, thereby improving the cooling effect on the high-pressure hydrogen and reducing the temperature to -40℃~-33℃.

[0086] The specific steps of controlling the high-pressure hydrogen flow rate by the hydrogen throttling orifice plate are as follows:

[0087] After high-pressure hydrogen enters the main inlet pipe of the hydrogen throttling orifice plate, it is divided into multiple paths and enters the branch pipes. After passing through the branch pipes, it converges to the main outlet pipe, and the activation of the branch pipes is controlled by the solenoid valve. Under normal working conditions, the solenoid valves of each branch pipe are all open. When the flow of high-pressure hydrogen needs to be limited, the branch pipes are closed in order according to the difference between the hydrogen outlet temperature and the predetermined temperature, thereby limiting the flow of high-pressure hydrogen.

[0088] In the heat exchanger, the reduction in the high-pressure hydrogen flow rate means that the heat that can be carried away by the high-pressure hydrogen flow is relatively reduced. When the liquid hydrogen flow rate on the cold side remains unchanged, the cooling temperature will decrease.

[0089] In the hydrogen throttling orifice plate, the solenoid valve of at least one branch pipeline must be kept open.

[0090] Furthermore, when the hydrogen throttling orifice plate controls the hydrogen temperature by controlling the high-pressure hydrogen flow rate, all other branch pipeline solenoid valves are closed, and only one branch pipeline solenoid valve is opened, and it still cannot drop to -40℃~-33℃, the low-temperature hydrogen bypass valve on the second hydrogen pipeline is opened at this time, so that after the liquid hydrogen flows through the heat exchanger, part of the low-temperature hydrogen at -70℃~-90℃ does not pass through the air-temperature vaporizer, but directly enters the heat exchange device of the sequential control panel group. The low-temperature hydrogen in the low-temperature hydrogen pipeline precools the high-pressure hydrogen in the hydrogen filling pipeline. After the filling hydrogen is cooled by the heat exchange device of the sequential control panel group, it enters the heat exchanger for a second cooling, and the temperature can drop to -40℃~-33℃; after the low-temperature hydrogen passes through the heat exchange device of the sequential control panel group, the temperature is about 0℃~room temperature, and it directly enters the compressor for pressurization, and then is distributed and stored in the medium-pressure and high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group through the sequential control panel group. When the temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen reaches -40℃~ At -33℃, close the low-temperature hydrogen bypass valve.

[0091] The low-temperature hydrogen in the second hydrogen pipeline does not directly enter the compressor for compression to obtain low-temperature high-pressure hydrogen. This is because when 1MPa of low-temperature hydrogen is compressed to 70MPa in the compressor, the temperature rise will exceed 270°C. Therefore, it is more preferable to utilize the coldness of this part of the hydrogen by heat exchange with high-pressure hydrogen at room temperature.

[0092] When the low-temperature hydrogen bypass valve on the second hydrogen pipeline is opened, the low-temperature hydrogen at the heat exchanger outlet is divided into two paths, entering the first hydrogen pipeline and the second hydrogen pipeline respectively. However, since the pipeline of the air-temperature vaporizer connected to the first hydrogen pipeline is long and the pipeline resistance is large, most of the low-temperature hydrogen will actually flow to the second hydrogen pipeline, which can ensure the heat exchange effect of the heat exchange device of the sequential control disk group.

[0093] Of course, a valve can also be set on the first hydrogen pipeline. When the low-temperature hydrogen bypass valve on the second hydrogen pipeline is opened, the valve on the first hydrogen pipeline is closed to ensure that all low-temperature hydrogen enters the second hydrogen pipeline. However, from the actual process operation, the valve on the first hydrogen pipeline may not be set.

[0094] Furthermore, when the system is working normally and no vehicle is refueling, the compressor works at the lowest frequency, the compressor suction drives the liquid hydrogen and hydrogen gas in the pipeline to flow, and the liquid hydrogen continuously flows through the heat exchanger at a minimum to maintain sufficient cooling capacity of the heat exchanger for startup. The compressed high-pressure hydrogen is distributed through the sequential control panel group and stored in the medium-pressure and high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group;

[0095] When a vehicle is refueling with hydrogen, the compressor operates normally and the hydrogen refueling machine works at the same time. The sequential control panel is used to control the simultaneous storage and injection of hydrogen. In the heat exchanger, liquid hydrogen and gaseous hydrogen are convectively exchanged to maintain the temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen in the hydrogen refueling machine at -40~-33℃.

[0096] Furthermore, a temperature sensor may be provided at the inlet of the hydrogenator, and output a temperature signal to the controller. The controller receives the temperature signal and outputs a control signal to the compressor, the solenoid valve, and the low-temperature hydrogen bypass valve.

[0097] During normal operation, the compressor runs at the normal operating frequency, all solenoid valves are opened, and the low-temperature hydrogen bypass valve is closed.

[0098] When the temperature is lower than -40℃~-33℃, the controller controls the compressor to reduce the operating frequency;

[0099] When the temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen at the outlet of the heat exchanger is higher than -40℃~-33℃, the controller controls the solenoid valve of the hydrogen throttling orifice plate to gradually close, reducing the flow rate of high-pressure hydrogen.

[0100] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, in the case of 4 branch pipelines, after closing the three solenoid valves, when the temperature is still higher than -40℃~-33℃, the controller controls the low-temperature hydrogen bypass valve to open, so that after the liquid hydrogen flows through the heat exchanger, part of the low-temperature hydrogen at -70℃~-90℃ directly enters the heat exchange device of the sequential control panel group, and the low-temperature hydrogen in the low-temperature hydrogen pipeline precools the high-pressure hydrogen in the hydrogen filling pipeline. After being cooled by the heat exchange device of the sequential control panel group, the filling hydrogen enters the heat exchanger for a second cooling, and the temperature can be reduced to -40℃~-33℃; when the temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen reaches -40℃~-33℃, the controller controls the low-temperature hydrogen bypass valve to close, and according to the temperature change of the high-pressure hydrogen, the solenoid valve is gradually opened under appropriate circumstances to enter the normal working state.

Claims

1. A system for regulating the hydrogen outlet temperature of a liquid hydrogen refueling station, characterized in that The system includes a liquid hydrogen storage tank, a heat exchanger, an air-temperature vaporizer, a compressor, a sequence control panel group, a medium-pressure and high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group, a hydrogen throttling orifice plate, and a hydrogenator; The heat exchanger includes a liquid hydrogen pipeline and a high-pressure hydrogen pipeline; The outlet of the liquid hydrogen storage tank is connected to the inlet of the liquid hydrogen pipeline, and the outlet of the liquid hydrogen pipeline is connected to the first hydrogen pipeline; the first hydrogen pipeline is connected to the air-temperature vaporizer, the compressor, and the sequential control panel group in sequence, the sequential control panel group is connected to the medium-pressure and high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group through a pipeline, and the sequential control panel group is connected to the hydrogen throttling orifice plate through a pipeline; the outlet of the hydrogen throttling orifice plate is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure hydrogen pipeline of the heat exchanger, and the outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen pipeline is connected to the inlet of the hydrogenator; The outlet of the liquid hydrogen pipeline is also connected to the second hydrogen pipeline, and a low-temperature hydrogen bypass valve is provided on the second hydrogen pipeline; the sequential control panel group is provided with a heat exchange device, and the heat exchange device includes a low-temperature hydrogen pipeline and a hydrogen filling pipeline, so that the low-temperature hydrogen in the low-temperature hydrogen pipeline pre-cools the high-pressure hydrogen in the hydrogen filling pipeline; the inlet of the low-temperature hydrogen pipeline is connected to the second hydrogen pipeline provided with a low-temperature hydrogen bypass valve, and the outlet of the low-temperature hydrogen pipeline is connected to the inlet of the compressor; the inlet of the hydrogen filling pipeline is connected to the medium-pressure and high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group, and the outlet of the hydrogen filling pipeline is connected to the hydrogen throttling orifice plate.

2. The system for adjusting the hydrogen outlet temperature of a liquid hydrogen refueling station according to claim 1, characterized in that The liquid hydrogen pipeline and the high-pressure hydrogen pipeline in the heat exchanger are arranged in staggered countercurrent manner; In the sequential control disk group, the low-temperature hydrogen pipeline and the hydrogen filling pipeline in the heat exchange device are arranged in staggered countercurrent.

3. The system for adjusting the hydrogen outlet temperature of a liquid hydrogen refueling station according to claim 1, characterized in that The hydrogen throttling orifice plate includes a main air inlet pipe, a main air outlet pipe, and multiple branch pipelines, each branch pipeline is provided with a solenoid valve, the inlet of the main air inlet pipe is connected to the sequence control disk group through a pipeline, the outlet of the main air inlet pipe is connected to the inlet of multiple branch pipelines, the outlets of multiple branch pipelines are connected to the inlet of the main air outlet pipe, and the outlet of the main air outlet pipe is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure hydrogen pipeline of the heat exchanger through a pipeline.

4. The system for adjusting the hydrogen outlet temperature of a liquid hydrogen refueling station according to claim 3, characterized in that The hydrogenator is provided with a temperature sensor to detect the temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen entering the hydrogenator in real time.

5. The system for adjusting the hydrogen outlet temperature of a liquid hydrogen refueling station according to claim 4, characterized in that The system includes a controller, which is respectively connected to the compressor, the solenoid valve on the branch pipeline of the hydrogen throttling orifice plate, and the low-temperature hydrogen bypass valve on the second hydrogen pipeline to control the operating frequency of the compressor, the start and stop states of the solenoid valve and the low-temperature hydrogen bypass valve; The temperature sensor obtains the temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen in real time and outputs a temperature signal to the controller. The controller receives the temperature signal and outputs a control signal to the compressor, the solenoid valve, and the low-temperature hydrogen bypass valve.

6. A method for adjusting the hydrogen outlet temperature of a liquid hydrogen refueling station, using the system for adjusting the hydrogen outlet temperature of a liquid hydrogen refueling station as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that The method comprises the following steps: (1) Liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank flows into the heat exchanger, where it exchanges heat with high-pressure hydrogen and cools the high-pressure hydrogen, making the temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen at the outlet of the heat exchanger -40°C to -33°C; after passing through the heat exchanger, the liquid hydrogen becomes low-temperature hydrogen with a temperature of -70 to -90°C; it then enters the air-temperature vaporizer and is further heated to room temperature to obtain room-temperature hydrogen; (2) Hydrogen at room temperature enters the compressor for pressurization to 70-90 MPa, then enters the sequential control panel group, is distributed and stored in the medium-pressure and high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group; (3) When filling hydrogen, the sequence control panel group inputs high-pressure hydrogen from the medium-pressure and high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group into the hydrogen throttling orifice plate to control the hydrogen flow rate. The hydrogen then enters the heat exchanger to exchange heat with liquid hydrogen, cools to -40℃~-33℃, and passes into the hydrogen filling machine to fill the vehicle with hydrogen.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that When the temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen at the outlet of the heat exchanger is lower than -40℃~-33℃, the compressor reduces the operating frequency, causing the liquid hydrogen flow at the outlet of the liquid hydrogen storage tank to decrease, reducing the cooling capacity of the heat exchanger, reducing the cooling effect of the high-pressure hydrogen, and raising the temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen at the outlet of the heat exchanger to -40℃~-33℃; When the temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen at the heat exchanger outlet is higher than -40℃~ -33℃, the high-pressure hydrogen flow rate is reduced through the hydrogen throttling orifice plate control to improve the cooling effect of the high-pressure hydrogen, and the high-pressure hydrogen temperature at the heat exchanger outlet is reduced to -40℃~ -33℃; The steps for controlling the high-pressure hydrogen flow rate by the hydrogen throttling orifice plate are as follows: After high-pressure hydrogen enters the main air inlet pipe of the hydrogen throttling orifice plate, it is divided into multiple paths and enters the branch pipes. After passing through the branch pipes, it converges to the main air outlet pipe, and the activation of the branch pipes is controlled by the solenoid valves. When the solenoid valves of each branch pipe are working normally, they are all open. When it is necessary to limit and reduce the flow of high-pressure hydrogen, the solenoid valves on the branch pipes are closed in order according to the difference between the hydrogen outlet temperature and the predetermined temperature, thereby limiting the flow of high-pressure hydrogen.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that When the hydrogen throttling orifice plate controls the hydrogen temperature by controlling the high-pressure hydrogen flow rate, and the temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen is still higher than -40℃~-33℃, the low-temperature hydrogen bypass valve on the second hydrogen pipeline is opened at this time, so that after the liquid hydrogen flows through the heat exchanger, part of the low-temperature hydrogen at -70℃~-90℃ directly enters the low-temperature hydrogen pipeline of the heat exchange device of the sequential control panel group, and the low-temperature hydrogen in the low-temperature hydrogen pipeline precools the high-pressure hydrogen in the hydrogen filling pipeline. After the filling hydrogen is cooled by the heat exchange device of the sequential control panel group, it enters the heat exchanger for a second cooling, and the temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen at the heat exchanger outlet can be reduced to -40℃~-33℃; after passing through the heat exchange device of the sequential control panel group, the low-temperature hydrogen directly enters the compressor for pressurization, and then is distributed and stored in the medium-pressure and high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group through the sequential control panel group. When the temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen reaches -40℃~-33℃, the low-temperature hydrogen bypass valve is closed.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that When the system is working normally and no vehicle is refueling, the compressor works at the lowest frequency, and the compressor suction drives the liquid hydrogen and hydrogen gas in the pipeline to flow. The liquid hydrogen flows continuously through the heat exchanger at a minimum to maintain sufficient cooling capacity of the heat exchanger for startup; the compressed high-pressure hydrogen is distributed through the sequential control panel group and stored in the medium-pressure and high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group; When a vehicle is refueling with hydrogen, the compressor operates normally and the hydrogen refueling machine works at the same time. The sequential control panel is used to control the simultaneous storage and injection of hydrogen. In the heat exchanger, liquid hydrogen and high-pressure hydrogen are convectively exchanged to maintain the temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen in the hydrogen refueling machine at -40~-33℃.

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