Thermal insulation and cut-resistant aerogel fiber, thermal insulation and cut-resistant fabric, and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses a thermal insulation and cut-resistant aerogel fiber, a thermal insulation and cut-resistant fabric, and a preparation method and application thereof, which belong to the technical field of textile materials. The present invention uses ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene as the core yarn of the thermal insulation and cut-resistant aerogel fiber, and uses a mixture of SiO2 and non-water-soluble binders such as polyurethane as the fiber sheath and core to prepare thermal insulation and cut-resistant aerogel fibers and fabrics with cut-resistant and heat-insulating properties. Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene has excellent mechanical properties and can provide the cut-resistant properties required for fabrics; SiO2 aerogel has extremely low thermal conductivity and high specific surface area, and when fully mixed with non-water-soluble binders, it can form a flexible and mechanically stable cross-linked sheath-core layer on the surface of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene core yarn. The fabric woven from the thermal insulation and cut-resistant aerogel fiber can be applied to various fields with high risk of hand injuries, and can also improve the hand safety protection of workers in high-altitude and cold border areas, which is of great significance to protecting the health and safety of people in all walks of life.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of textile materials, and in particular relates to a thermal insulation and cut-resistant aerogel fiber modified by SiO2 aerogel with a skin-core structure, a thermal insulation and cut-resistant fabric, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber (UHMWPE), a high-performance fiber made from polyethylene with a molecular weight exceeding one million through a special spinning and high-ratio drafting process, has become a leader among industrial chemical fibers due to its exceptional strength-to-weight ratio. It has opened up new avenues for the manufacture of lightweight, cut- and stab-resistant gloves. However, while current cut-resistant products on the market have achieved breakthroughs in cut resistance, they generally overlook wearing comfort, resulting in heavy, inconvenient products and a tingling sensation. To address this issue, Yang Doudou et al., through innovative separate weaving and transfer techniques, used aramid 1414 as a veil, combined with UHMWPE fiber, to successfully weave cut-resistant gloves with a cut resistance rating of EN 388 level 5, significantly improving cut resistance. However, it is worth noting that while pursuing high cut resistance, the lightness and aesthetics of the gloves have yet to be systematically and comprehensively optimized.

[0003] On the other hand, hand protection equipment in high-altitude and cold regions has traditionally relied on thick animal fur, which is particularly inconvenient during professional mechanical operations and delicate work, and cannot meet the operational requirements in extreme environments. Thermal insulation fabrics currently on the market are generally made of traditional filling materials such as cotton and down. Although these fabrics can provide a certain degree of warmth, they lack cut resistance and their flammability makes them unsuitable for military use and high-risk environments. Silica aerogel is a porous material with extremely low thermal conductivity and a high specific surface area. Fabrics coated with silica aerogel on the surface of UHMWPE fabric can enhance its cut resistance and provide UHMWPE fabric with certain thermal insulation properties. Some products have attempted to enhance thermal insulation by coating the fabric surface with silica aerogel coating. However, due to the brittleness of the aerogel itself, these coatings often break easily when subjected to stress, causing the silica aerogel coating on the fabric surface to fall off, affecting the appearance and weakening the fabric's thermal insulation effect. Although the silica-modified fabric may still have a certain cut-resistant capability due to the inherent properties of UHMWPE, the comprehensive thermal insulation and cut-resistant properties of this type of fabric will be affected. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention is based on the inventors' discovery and understanding of the following facts and problems: In the prior art, SiO2-modified UHMWPE fabrics are easily damaged during use and their thermal insulation performance is reduced due to the low strength and high brittleness of silica aerogel.

[0005] The present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art to a certain extent. To this end, the present invention proposes a SiO2 aerogel-modified UHMWPE fiber and a preparation method thereof, and develops a lightweight fiber product with excellent cut-resistant and heat-insulating properties.

[0006] The first purpose of the present invention is to provide a thermal insulation and cut-resistant aerogel fiber, comprising a core yarn and a sheath-core coated on the surface of the core yarn; the core yarn is UHMWPE, and the components of the sheath-core include SiO2 aerogel and a non-water-soluble binder.

[0007] Since SiO2 aerogel is not sticky, it is impossible to use it as a single component of the skin-core coated on the surface of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene core yarn. Therefore, it is necessary to select a viscous substance as a binder to assist SiO2 in coating the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene core yarn. In some embodiments of the present invention, polyurethane with higher viscosity is used as a binder to successfully prepare a thermal insulation fiber with a skin-core structure. It can be seen from the SEM photos that the skin-core has a uniform porous network structure. On the one hand, the porous network structure can disperse the stress and energy when the fiber is under stress, hinder the expansion of cracks, reduce brittleness, improve toughness, and optimize the mechanical properties of the skin-core. On the other hand, it can slow down the transfer of heat and optimize thermal insulation performance. This is one of the inventive points of the present invention. The aerogel fiber fabric prepared using this fiber overcomes the shortcomings of traditional coatings on fabrics that make the fabric thick and uncomfortable, and is also light and comfortable.

[0008] Preferably, the diameter of the core yarn composed of UHMWPE is 11.1 to 13.1 μm;

[0009] Preferably, the molecular weight of UHMWPE is 1 million to 5 million, and the fineness is 800D;

[0010] Preferably, the mass ratio of SiO2 aerogel to non-water-soluble binder in the skin-core component is (2-4):(4-6).

[0011] Preferably, the thickness of the skin-core is 5-10 μm;

[0012] Preferably, the non-water-soluble binder is polyurethane.

[0013] The second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above-mentioned thermal insulation and cut-resistant aerogel fiber, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0014] Step 1, preparing SiO2 aerogel / PU spinning solution, specifically: mixing PU particles and SiO2 aerogel powder as solutes with a solvent, stirring at room temperature until the PU particles and SiO2 aerogel powder are completely dissolved to form a SiO2 aerogel / PU spinning solution.

[0015] Step 2: The SiO2 aerogel / PU spinning solution prepared in step 1 is coaxially wet-spun with the core yarn to obtain thermal insulation and cut-resistant aerogel fibers.

[0016] One of the inventive points of the present invention is to use SiO2 aerogel for thermal insulation to directly modify UHMWPE to produce a composite fiber with thermal insulation and cut-resistant properties.

[0017] Preferably, in step 1, the mass concentration of the solute is 12% to 15%;

[0018] Preferably, in step 1, the size of the SiO2 aerogel powder is less than 100 nm;

[0019] Preferably, in step 1, the solvent is selected from N,N-dimethylformamide, butanone, cyclohexanone, acetone, ethyl acetate or toluene;

[0020] Preferably, in step 2, the speed of the syringe pump extruding the spinning solution is 100-140 ml / hr; and the coagulation bath selected for wet spinning is deionized water.

[0021] The third aspect of the present invention is to disclose a thermal insulation and cut-resistant fabric woven using the thermal insulation and cut-resistant aerogel fiber or the thermal insulation and cut-resistant aerogel fiber prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method.

[0022] The fourth aspect of the present invention discloses the application of the thermal insulation and cut-resistant aerogel fiber and the thermal insulation and cut-resistant fabric in the field of textile material technology.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] The present invention provides a thermal insulation and cut-resistant fiber. By mixing SiO2 aerogel with a non-water-soluble binder and modifying UHMWPE fibers using coaxial wet spinning technology, an aerogel fiber with both cut-resistant and thermal insulation properties is produced. The fiber has a uniform surface, and the SiO2 aerogel is distributed in the core and skin, forming a uniform three-dimensional porous structure. The modified UHMWPE fiber has excellent mechanical properties. In actual use, the fabric woven from the modified UHMWPE fiber overcomes the brittleness of the SiO2 aerogel material and is not easily detached. At the same time, it can fully utilize the thermal insulation properties of the SiO2 aerogel and effectively block heat loss. This makes the fabric suitable for use in environments with special requirements for cut-resistant and thermal insulation properties. While ensuring protection, it also has the effect of heat preservation and heat storage. It can be applied to various fields with high risk of scratches and cuts, and can also improve the safety of workers in high-altitude cold working conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 A diagram showing a schematic diagram of preparing SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fibers and PU composite fibers by wet spinning according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a plain weave pattern plate diagram of an embodiment;

[0027] Figure 3 SEM images of PU composite fibers prepared in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, (a) fiber cross section, (b) enlarged view of the skin-core portion;

[0028] Figure 4 SEM images of SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fibers prepared in an embodiment of the present invention, (a) fiber cross section, (b) enlarged view of the skin-core portion;

[0029] Figure 5 Elemental energy spectrum diagram of PU composite fiber prepared in an embodiment of the present invention, (a) is a photograph of the selected area, (b) is a contrast photograph of the C, N, O, and Si element distributions, and (c) is a C, N, O, and Si elemental energy spectrum diagram;

[0030] Figure 6 Elemental energy spectrum of SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fiber prepared in an embodiment of the present invention, (a) is a photograph of the selected area, (b) is a contrast photograph of the C, N, O, and Si element distributions, and (c) is a C, N, O, and Si elemental energy spectrum.

[0031] Figure 7 SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fiber fabric (a) and PU composite fiber fabric (b) prepared according to the embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 PU composite fiber fabric (left) and SiO2 / PU composite fiber fabric (right), (a), (b), (c) are single-layer, 3-layer, and 5-layer fabrics respectively;

[0033] Figure 9 Comparison of thermal insulation performance between single-layer PU composite fiber fabric (left) and single-layer SiO2 aerogel composite fiber fabric (right). The heating stage temperatures in (a), (b), (c), and (d) are 40°C, 60°C, 80°C, and 100°C, respectively.

[0034] Figure 10 Comparison of thermal insulation performance between 3-layer PU composite fiber fabric (left) and SiO2 aerogel composite fiber fabric (right). The temperatures in (a), (b), (c), and (d) are 40°C, 60°C, 80°C, and 100°C, respectively.

[0035] Figure 11 Comparison of thermal insulation performance between 5-layer PU composite fiber fabric (left) and SiO2 aerogel composite fiber fabric (right). The temperatures of the hot plate in (a), (b), (c), and (d) are 40°C, 60°C, 80°C, and 100°C, respectively.

[0036] Figure 12 Analysis of test data for thermal insulation performance of fabrics with different numbers of layers: (a) Comparison of thermal insulation performance of single-layer fabrics; (b) Comparison of thermal insulation performance of 3-layer fabrics; (c) Comparison of thermal insulation performance of 5-layer fabrics; (d) Comparison of temperature difference of fabrics with different numbers of layers;

[0037] Figure 13 Pictures of different types of gloves: (a) SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fabric gloves, (b) foam terry gloves, (c) nitrile gloves, (d) dotted cotton gloves, (e) nylon latex gloves, and (f) spandex tire rubber gloves.

[0038] Figure 14 Depth of field diagram of the fracture morphology after the gloves were cut, (a) SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fabric gloves, (b) foam terry gloves, (c) nitrile gloves, (d) dotted cotton gloves, (e) nylon latex gloves, (f) spandex tire rubber gloves;

[0039] Figure 15 Data analysis of the cut-resistant performance of different types of gloves. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the description and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the numbers used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present invention described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0042] The present invention mainly adopts ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber with a fineness of 800D, and uses a wet spinning machine to spin SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fibers respectively; and uses a semi-automatic sample loom to weave two types of fabric samples with a specification of 6×6 cm, and uses a testo 872 infrared thermal imager to measure the thermal insulation performance of the fabric, and compares the difference in thermal insulation performance between PU composite fiber fabric and SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fiber fabric; uses a QC-200A cut-resistant glove testing machine to test the gloves woven with SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fibers prepared by the present invention and other types of labor protection gloves on the market, and compares the cut-resistant performance of different types of gloves. By recording the number of cutting revolutions required for the gloves to be cut, the protective gloves with the best cut-resistant performance are judged, which proves that the SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fibers prepared by the present invention have excellent cut-resistant performance.

[0043] The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0044] Example 1

[0045] SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fibers and SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fiber fabrics were prepared according to the following steps:

[0046] Step 1, prepare SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fiber spinning solution: first weigh 5g PU particles and 44g N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent and add them to a reagent bottle; then use weighing paper to weigh 3g SiO2 aerogel powder, slowly add the powder (SiO2 powder is a lightweight nano-solid material, and the powder must be prevented from flying when added) to the DMF solution containing PU particles, and add a magnetic rotor at the same time. Stir on a magnetic stirrer at room temperature for 8h until the PU particles are completely dissolved and the SiO2 aerogel powder is evenly dispersed in the solution, thus obtaining a SiO2 aerogel / PU dispersion with a concentration of 15%. Finally, place the obtained solution in an ultrasonic cell crusher and ultrasonically vibrate for 10min to fully dissolve the nano-level SiO2 aerogel powder in the solution for subsequent spinning.

[0047] Step 2, preparation of SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fibers: Use the wet spinning machine method to prepare SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fibers with a skin-core structure with cross-linked skin. The small wet spinning machine was purchased from Changsha Nayi Instrument Technology Co., Ltd. The device mainly includes: an injection pump for extruding the spinning solution, a coagulation bath, and a fiber drawing and collection and winding device, and is equipped with a customized coaxial spinning needle (18G+13G). The coagulation bath uses laboratory-made deionized water. First, insert the UHMWPE fiber with a fineness of 800D into the coaxial wet spinning needle, fix its head end on the collecting roller, and then inject an appropriate amount of spinning solution with a syringe and combine it on the injection pump. Adjust the extrusion speed of the injection pump. Generally, the speed is controlled at 120ml / hr so ​​that the spinning solution is slowly extruded and evenly wrapped on the surface of the UHMWPE fiber to form a skin-core structure SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fiber with cross-linked skin. Finally, the fiber is collected on the collecting roller and dried at room temperature. Schematic diagram of the specific preparation process of wet spinning, as shown below. Figure 1 shown.

[0048] Step 3, prepare SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fiber fabric: weave the SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fiber obtained in the above steps on a sample loom. First, unwind the yarn, cut the corresponding warp SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fiber yarn into the required length according to the required woven fabric length, and determine the number of warp yarns according to the designed warp density and fabric width, then warp the unwind yarns separately, and thread the obtained regular fiber bundles through the warp according to the changing rules of the plain weave. Calculate the required reed number by the warp density, select the appropriate reed number, thread the warp and arrange it, and use a small weft tube to wind an appropriate amount of weft yarn for beating. After completing the threading step, enter the plain weave pattern card on the control panel of the sample loom. The plain weave pattern card is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the air compressor is turned on, and weaving is performed according to the steps of shuttle opening, weft insertion, and weft beating. The weaving process is repeated until the fabric reaches a predetermined weaving length, and finally a SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fiber fabric is obtained.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fibers and SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fiber fabrics were prepared according to the following steps:

[0051] Step 1, prepare SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fiber spinning solution: first weigh 4g PU particles and 44g butanone as a solvent and add them to a reagent bottle; then use weighing paper to weigh 2g SiO2 aerogel powder, slowly add the powder (SiO2 powder is a lightweight nano solid material, and the powder must be prevented from flying when added) to the PU-butanone solution containing PU particles, and at the same time add a magnetic rotor. Stir on a magnetic stirrer at room temperature for 8h until the PU particles are completely dissolved and the SiO2 aerogel powder is evenly dispersed in the solution, thereby obtaining a SiO2 aerogel / PU dispersion with a concentration of 12%. Finally, place the resulting solution in an ultrasonic cell crusher and ultrasonically vibrate for 10min to fully dissolve the nano-level SiO2 aerogel powder in the solution for subsequent spinning.

[0052] Step 2, the steps for preparing SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fibers are the same as Step 2 of Example 1.

[0053] Step 3, the step of preparing SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fiber fabric is the same as Step 3 of Example 1, to obtain SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fiber fabric.

[0054] Example 3

[0055] SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fibers and SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fiber fabrics were prepared according to the following steps:

[0056] Step 1, prepare SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fiber spinning solution: first weigh 6g PU particles and 61.43g toluene as solvent and add them to a reagent bottle; then use weighing paper to weigh 4g SiO2 aerogel powder, slowly add the powder to the PU-toluene solution containing PU particles, and add a magnetic rotor at the same time. Stir on a magnetic stirrer at room temperature for 8h until the PU particles are completely dissolved and the SiO2 aerogel powder is evenly dispersed in the solution, thus obtaining a SiO2 aerogel / PU dispersion with a concentration of 14%. Finally, place the obtained solution in an ultrasonic cell crusher and ultrasonically vibrate for 10min to fully dissolve the nano-scale SiO2 aerogel powder in the solution for subsequent spinning.

[0057] Step 2, the step of preparing SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fiber is the same as step 2 of Example 1.

[0058] Step 3, the step of preparing SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fiber fabric is the same as Step 3 of Example 1, to obtain SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fiber fabric.

[0059] Comparative Example 1

[0060] The PU composite fibers and PU composite fabrics were prepared as follows:

[0061] Step 1: Prepare PU composite fiber spinning solution: Weigh 5 g of PU particles and 28 g of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solution into a reagent bottle; stir with a magnetic stirrer at room temperature for 8 hours until the PU particles are completely dissolved, to obtain a transparent pure PU dispersion with a concentration of 15%, which is convenient for subsequent spinning.

[0062] Step 2: The step of preparing PU composite fiber is the same as step 2 of Example 1.

[0063] Step 3, the step of preparing the PU composite fabric is the same as step 3 of Example 1, to obtain the PU composite fabric.

[0064] The performance comparison involved in the following tests all used the SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fiber prepared in Example 1 and the PU composite fiber prepared in Comparative Example 1.

[0065] Test Example 1

[0066] Scanning electron microscopy characterization: 3 cm thick pieces of SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fibers and PU composite fibers were cut and quickly frozen in liquid nitrogen. The cut fibers were then quickly cut in the middle using a blade to obtain a complete cross-section. The cut fibers were attached to the side of a sample stage coated with conductive adhesive to observe their complete cross-sectional morphology. The fibers were then gold-sprayed. The sample stage was placed in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at an accelerating voltage of 10-20 kV. Observation and photography were performed according to the desired magnification and cross-section, as required.

[0067] The microstructure of pure PU fibers and SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fibers was observed using SEM. Figure 3 This is the SEM photo of PU composite fiber. Figure 4 The SEM photos of SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fibers show that Figure 3 (a) and Figure 4 In (a), both the PU composite fiber and the SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fiber have obvious skin-core structures. The core yarn UHMWPE fiber bundle is tightly wrapped by the skin-core, and the core yarn UHMWPE fiber bundle is regularly arranged. The cross section of a single UHMWPE fiber is a smooth elliptical surface, while the cross section of the skin-core is rough and irregularly distributed. The SEM photos of the skin-core of the PU composite fiber and the skin-core of the SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fiber are shown in Figure 2. Figure 3 (b) and Figure 4 As shown in (b). Due to factors such as uneven extrusion of the spinning solution and insufficient coagulation of the fiber in the coagulation bath during the spinning process, the thickness of the UHMWPE fiber bundle wrapped around the core yarn is not uniform. The skin-core layer of the PU composite fiber is further magnified and observed, as shown in Figure 3As shown in (b), it was found that the cortex of the PU composite fiber was attached with a smooth and irregularly distributed PU film, and gaps between the solutions formed voids of various shapes and sizes;

[0068] and Figure 4 The SiO2 aerogel / PU composite skin is shown in (b). Its surface is covered with many densely packed small pores, forming a randomly arranged porous structure. The irregular porous structure of the skin-core is because the skin-core contains SiO2 aerogel nanopowder, which is an excellent lightweight nanoporous amorphous solid material. Its pores can store some air, reducing heat loss to achieve a thermal insulation effect.

[0069] Test Example 2

[0070] X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to characterize the changes in the surface chemical composition and group composition of SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fibers and PU composite fibers. The accompanying analysis software Advantage was used to perform peak fitting on the Si element spectrum, and the changes in the functional groups on the fiber surface were analyzed based on the presence or absence of spectral peaks and the peak area percentage.

[0071] In order to further explore whether the SiO2 aerogel powder is successfully attached to the fiber surface, energy spectrum scanning was performed on some positions of the cross section of the PU composite fiber and the SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fiber, such as Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown in the figure, C, N, O, and Si elements can be detected by the energy spectrometer on SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fibers and PU composite fibers. C, O, and N elements are more distributed on the two types of fibers, with the C content of about 60% and the O content of about 30%. Due to the different PU contents, the N content is higher in the PU composite fibers, about 5%, and about 2% in the SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fibers. These are common elements of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and PU. The Si content in the PU composite fibers is only 0.04%, which is negligible, but the content in the SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fibers is as high as 17.24%, indicating that the SiO2 aerogel is successfully attached to the surface of the core yarn UHMWPE fiber bundle, and from Figure 6 It can be seen that the Si element is evenly distributed on the surface of the core yarn UHMWPE fiber bundle.

[0072] Test Example 3

[0073] Morphological structure analysis of SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fabric: The fabric woven by a semi-automatic sample loom has a specification of 6×6 cm, a warp and weft density of 100 threads / 5 cm, and a reed number of 40.

[0074] Both SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fabric and PU composite fabric are woven with plain weave. When beating the weft, the weft yarn has the most contact points with the reed and is subjected to the greatest force, ensuring that the fabric structure is tight and not prone to snagging, the fabric surface is stiff and flat, and the front and back sides have the same appearance. Figure 7 As shown in the figure, SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fabric is tighter than PU composite fabric, and the mixture of PU and SiO2 aerogel improves the mechanical properties of the thermal insulation and cut-resistant fiber cortex, overcomes the poor processing performance of SiO2 aerogel, and inevitably causes irreversible structural collapse during actual application, resulting in the loss of thermal insulation performance, thus overcoming the limitations of its application in thermal insulation textiles.

[0075] Test Example 4

[0076] Infrared thermal imaging characterization: The thermal insulation properties of the fabrics were measured using a Testo 872 infrared thermal imager. At room temperature, the heating platform temperature was raised from 0°C to 40°C and stabilized for 5 minutes to ensure uniform heating of the heating platform surface. The surface temperatures of the SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fabric and the PU composite fabric placed on the heating platform at 40°C were recorded and photographed using an infrared thermal imager to test their thermal insulation properties at high temperatures. Following the test, the thermal insulation properties of the fabrics were tested at 60°C, 80°C, and 100°C using the same procedure. These were photographed and compared for analysis.

[0077] SiO2 aerogel has excellent thermal insulation properties. Theoretically, SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fabric made from SiO2 aerogel should also have excellent thermal insulation properties, making it suitable for use in thermal protection. In order to explore the thermal insulation properties of the fabric made in this study, the fabric is shown in the figure below. Figure 8 As shown. A single layer of SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fabric and a PU composite fabric were placed on a heating platform at the same time. A testo 872 infrared thermal imager was used to measure the temperature of the single layer of SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fabric and the PU composite fabric as the heating platform was heated from 0°C to 40°C and maintained for 5 minutes. The temperature of the two types of fabrics was recorded and photographed. The temperature was then gradually increased, and a test was performed every 20°C. Photos were taken and the data was recorded until the surface temperature of the fabric changed when the temperature was increased to 100°C. Figure 9As shown, the sample on the left is a single-layer PU composite fabric, and the sample on the right is a single-layer SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fabric. The surface temperature of both fabric types gradually increases with the heating platform temperature. When the heating platform is heated to 100°C, the surface temperature of the SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fabric is only 69.1°C, a temperature difference of 30.9°C from the heating platform. The surface temperature of the PU composite fabric is 75.8°C, a temperature difference of 24.2°C from the heating platform. This 6.7°C temperature difference between the two fabrics indicates that the SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fabric has better thermal insulation properties than the PU composite fabric, demonstrating excellent high-temperature thermal insulation performance.

[0078] In order to further explore the thermal insulation performance of SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fabric, the number of fabric layers was increased and the thickness of the fabric was increased to explore the effect of the thickness of the fabric on the thermal insulation performance. 3-layer and 5-layer SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fabric and PU composite fabric were placed on the heating table respectively. Figure 10 、 Figure 11 As shown. Tests were conducted sequentially according to the single-layer fabric testing method, and photographs were taken and surface temperature changes were recorded. When the heating table temperature was raised to 100°C and the three-layer fabric was compared, the surface temperature of the SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fabric was only 51.1°C, a temperature difference of 48.9°C from the heating table. The surface temperature of the PU composite fabric was 58.5°C, a temperature difference of 41.5°C from the heating table, and the temperature difference between the two fabrics was 7.4°C. When the heating table temperature was raised to 100°C and the five-layer fabric was compared, the surface temperature of the SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fabric was only 42.6°C, a temperature difference of 57.4°C from the heating table. The surface temperature of the PU composite fabric was 51.2°C, a temperature difference of 48.8°C from the heating table, and the temperature difference between the two fabrics was 8.6°C. These results indicate that thermal insulation performance significantly increases with increasing fabric thickness. This is because, in addition to the inherent thermal insulation properties of the fabric itself, the air layer between the fabrics also blocks some heat conduction, thereby improving the thermal insulation performance of the multi-layer aerogel woven fabric. The test temperatures of SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fabrics and PU composite fabrics with different layers and the temperature difference between them were statistically calculated and a statistical chart was made as shown in the figure. Figure 12 As shown in the figure, it can be clearly seen that the surface temperature of SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fabric is always lower than that of PU composite fabric. At the same time, the increase in fabric thickness also reduces the surface temperature of SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fabric, and the temperature difference between the heating platform and the PU composite fabric gradually increases, indicating that the thermal insulation performance of SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fabric is excellent.

[0079] Test Example 5

[0080] QC-200A Cut-Resistant Gloves Testing Machine Characterization

[0081] First, place the gloves of different types into the fixture as required. Clamp the red end of the signal cable to the aluminum foil on the glove, and the black end to the aluminum foil inside the glove. Turn on the power switch, press the down button, and adjust the tool to the appropriate height. Push the fixture horizontally onto the fixture support, aligning the center of the first slot with the tool blade, and secure the fixture with the clamping knob.

[0082] Set the test parameters: initial load to 50N, slow speed to 100mm / min, and blade speed to 20rpm. Press the load button. When the force value on the display reaches the set value, press the cut button first. The cutting test begins. The display continuously displays the force value and the number of cutting cycles. When a cut-through occurs, the tester stops cutting and automatically descends 15mm. Repeat the above steps and record the data.

[0083] The cut-resistant performance of gloves made of SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fiber was tested and compared with that of different types of labor protection gloves purchased on the market. Figure 13 As shown. Different types of gloves are cut into samples with a specification of 5×5cm. The QC-200A anti-cut glove testing machine is used. First, the fabric is placed in the fixture. A rubber plate with insulating current is placed on the top of the clamp. A layer of aluminum foil is placed on the rubber plate. Then the sample is placed on the sample and a layer of aluminum foil is placed on the sample. The fixture is tightened with force to prevent the sample from slipping and causing errors. The loading force value of the instrument is set to 50N. The loading part uses a broadband AC servo motor to load through the transmission screw. The blade speed is set to 20rpm and the slow speed is 100mm / min. The blade is driven by the AC servo motor through the gear speed change. After setting the parameters, start the equipment. As the blade rotates at a uniform speed, the fabric is gradually cut until a port appears on the fabric. The test is over and the fabric sample begins to fracture. The fracture shape is as shown Figure 14 shown.

[0084] from Figure 14 As can be seen from (a)-(f), all types of gloves were cut by the cutting blade, but the shapes after cutting were different and the number of continuous cutting times during the cutting process was different. The cutting revolutions per unit mass of the SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fabric sample with a specification of 5×5cm were greater than those of other types of labor protection gloves, as shown in Table 3-1. At the same time, the surfaces of other labor protection gloves all have elastic coatings of different thicknesses. The addition of coatings can bring wear resistance and cut resistance to the gloves, but it can be seen from the test results that the cut resistance of coated gloves is far inferior to that of SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fabric gloves, indicating that SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fabric gloves have good cut resistance. SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fibers have high strength and high modulus and excellent cut resistance, such as Figure 15 shown.

[0085] In summary, according to the number of cutting revolutions required to cut different types of gloves, the order of the gloves' cut-resistant performance is: SiO2 aerogel / PU composite fabric gloves > nylon latex gloves > spandex tire rubber gloves > foam terry gloves > nitrile gloves > dotted cotton gloves.

[0086] Table 3-1 Test data of cut resistance performance of different types of gloves

[0087]

[0088] The above content is only for explaining the technical idea of ​​the present invention and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any changes made on the basis of the technical solution in accordance with the technical idea proposed by the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A thermal insulation and cut-resistant aerogel fiber, characterized in that: The invention comprises a core yarn and a sheath-core coated on the surface of the core yarn; the core yarn is ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber; the components of the sheath-core include SiO2 aerogel and a non-water-soluble binder.

2. The thermal insulation and cut-resistant aerogel fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the SiO2 aerogel to the non-water-soluble binder is (2-4):(4-6).

3. The thermal insulation and cut-resistant aerogel fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The molecular weight of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is 1 million to 5 million.

4. The thermal insulation and cut-resistant aerogel fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The non-water-soluble binder is polyurethane.

5. The thermal insulation and cut-resistant aerogel fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the core yarn is 11.1-13.1 μm.

6. The thermal insulation and cut-resistant aerogel fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the skin-core is 5-10 μm.

7. A method for preparing the thermal insulation and cut-resistant aerogel fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: SiO2 aerogel and a non-water-soluble binder as solutes are mixed with a solvent to obtain a spinning solution, wherein the mass concentration of the solute is 12% to 15%; Step 2: Coaxially wet-spin the spinning solution and the core yarn to obtain the heat-insulating and cut-resistant aerogel fiber.

8. The method for preparing the thermal insulation and cut-resistant aerogel fiber according to claim 7, wherein: The solvent in step 1 is selected from N,N-dimethylformamide, butanone, cyclohexanone, acetone, ethyl acetate or toluene.

9. A thermal insulation and cut-resistant fabric, characterized in that: The thermal insulation and cut-resistant aerogel fiber is woven from the thermal insulation and cut-resistant aerogel fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

10. Use of the thermal insulation and cut-resistant aerogel fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or the thermal insulation and cut-resistant fabric according to claim 9 in the field of textile material technology.

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