A water purification system and method for the secondary loop of a nuclear power plant

Abstract

The present invention discloses a water purification system and method for the secondary circuit of nuclear power, which relates to the field of water purification technology, including: using quantum dot materials with fluorescence response characteristics to construct online sensors; combining nanomaterials with photocatalytic activity and ultrasonic synergistic effects to perform secondary treatment on the water quality of the secondary circuit, degrading organic pollutants that cannot be treated in electrochemical reactors; using an intelligent monitoring and analysis system to monitor the changes in water quality parameters of the secondary circuit in real time, using a machine learning algorithm to predict the trend of changes in water quality in the secondary circuit, and adjusting the operating parameters of the electrochemical reactor according to the monitoring results until the water quality of the secondary circuit reaches the expected standard. The present invention integrates advanced sensors, electrochemical and photocatalytic technologies, and intelligent systems to achieve real-time monitoring and efficient purification of water quality, greatly improving the automation, efficiency, and economy of water quality management in nuclear power plants, and ensuring safe and stable operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of water purification, in particular to a water purification system and method for a nuclear power secondary circuit. Background Art

[0002] The operational safety and reliability of nuclear power plants depend to a large extent on the efficient operation of their cooling systems, especially the management of secondary circuit water quality. Traditionally, the monitoring and purification of secondary circuit water quality in nuclear power plants mainly rely on regular sampling analysis and chemical treatment methods. However, with the advancement of science and technology, especially the development of sensor technology, electrochemical engineering, nanotechnology and artificial intelligence, water quality monitoring and purification methods are undergoing a revolutionary transformation. For example, the maturity of fluorescent sensor technology makes online monitoring of water quality possible, while the application of electrochemical reactors provides an efficient way to remove pollutants. In addition, the combination of photocatalytic materials and ultrasonic technology provides a new solution for the treatment of difficult-to-degrade organic matter. At the same time, the introduction of artificial intelligence technologies such as machine learning has significantly improved the level of intelligence in water quality management, and achieved accurate prediction of water quality trends and dynamic optimization of treatment parameters.

[0003] Although the above technologies have brought significant progress, there are still some challenges and limitations in practical applications. First, traditional water quality monitoring methods often rely on offline analysis, which is not only time-consuming but also unable to reflect water quality changes in real time, which may lead to a delayed response to water quality anomalies. Secondly, although chemical treatment methods are effective, they are not very targeted, have limited removal efficiency for specific pollutants, and may cause secondary pollution. Although electrochemical reactors can achieve efficient removal of some pollutants, their treatment effect on organic pollutants is limited, especially when dealing with high-concentration, complex organic pollutants. In addition, although photocatalytic technology can effectively decompose organic pollutants, its efficiency is greatly affected by light intensity and catalyst activity, and the use of ultrasonic treatment alone faces the problems of high energy consumption and high treatment cost. Finally, although machine learning algorithms can improve the intelligence of water quality management, the lack of high-quality historical data and complex model training are still bottlenecks in data-driven decision-making. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above existing problems, the present invention is proposed.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention provides a water purification system and method for the secondary circuit of nuclear power to solve the problems of delayed real-time monitoring, low removal efficiency of specific pollutants, limited treatment of organic pollutants, and energy efficiency of photocatalysis and ultrasonic technology in the prior art.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a water purification method for a nuclear power secondary circuit, which includes: using a quantum dot material with a fluorescent response characteristic to construct an online sensor; integrating the online sensor into a real-time electric secondary circuit water quality early warning monitoring system to monitor the type and concentration of pollutants in the water quality of the electric secondary circuit in real time; selecting a corresponding electrochemical reactor and electrode material based on the monitored pollutant type and concentration, and assembling an electrochemical reactor; connecting the electrochemical reactor to the electric secondary circuit water quality purification system, adjusting the current and voltage to the optimal treatment conditions, and degrading the inorganic pollutants in the water quality of the electric secondary circuit; combining photocatalytically active nanomaterials and ultrasonic synergistic effects to perform secondary treatment on the water quality of the electric secondary circuit, and degrading organic pollutants that cannot be treated in the electrochemical reactor; monitoring the changes in the water quality parameters of the electric secondary circuit in real time through an intelligent monitoring and analysis system, predicting the trend of changes in the water quality of the electric secondary circuit using a machine learning algorithm, and adjusting the operating parameters of the electrochemical reactor according to the monitoring results until the water quality of the electric secondary circuit reaches the expected standards.

[0008] As a preferred solution of the water purification method for the secondary circuit of nuclear power plant described in the present invention, wherein: the quantum dot material with fluorescence response characteristics is used to construct an online sensor, and the specific steps are:

[0009] Quantum dots with CdSe / ZnS core-shell structure are used as materials and fixed on the sensor element by chemical method of silicon dioxide;

[0010] Install the fixed sensor elements at the key nodes of the water circulation path;

[0011] The installed sensor elements are connected online to the real-time data acquisition unit to construct an online sensor.

[0012] As a preferred solution of the water purification method for the nuclear power secondary circuit of the present invention, wherein: the online sensor is integrated into the real-time power secondary circuit water quality early warning monitoring system to monitor the type and concentration of pollutants in the power secondary circuit water quality in real time, and the specific steps are:

[0013] S1. Filter and suppress the changes in the fluorescence signal collected by the online sensor in the real-time electrical secondary circuit water quality. The expression is:

[0014]

[0015] Where y(t) is the signal after filtering, x(τ) is the original acquired signal, dτ represents the small change of the integral variable τ, t is the time variable, h(t) is the impulse response function of the filter, R and C are the resistance and capacitance values ​​of the circuit, and u(t) is the unit step function;

[0016] S2. Based on the data processed by filtering and noise suppression, the time domain signal is converted to the frequency domain using Fourier transform, and the key feature expression extracted from the frequency domain signal is:

[0017]

[0018] Where F(f) is the signal spectrum obtained by Fourier transform, f is the frequency variable, j is the imaginary unit, i is the index variable, dt represents the small change in time t, and f i represents the frequency characteristics corresponding to the i-th pollutant;

[0019] S3, by comparing the key features extracted from the water quality sample with the feature templates in the established pollutant database, identify the type of pollutants present in the sample;

[0020] S4. Based on the identified pollutant types, the concentration expression of the pollutant is estimated using the concentration response relationship model:

[0021]

[0022] Among them, C i is the concentration of the i-th pollutant, w k is the weight coefficient of the kth feature, f ik is the value of the kth feature associated with the ith pollutant, N is the number of features for concentration estimation, and df represents the amount of small changes in frequency f;

[0023] Integrate steps S1, S2, S3 and S4 into a real-time secondary circuit water quality early warning monitoring system to monitor the type and concentration of pollutants in the secondary circuit water quality in real time;

[0024] Set the pollutant concentration safety threshold θ P , when the detected pollutant concentration C i Exceeding the safety threshold θ P When a fault occurs, the system will automatically trigger an alarm and send relevant information to maintenance personnel.

[0025] As a preferred solution of the water purification method for the secondary circuit of nuclear power according to the present invention, the specific steps of selecting the corresponding electrochemical reactor and electrode materials based on the monitored pollutant type and concentration and assembling the electrochemical reactor are as follows:

[0026] The electrode material is graphite electrode material;

[0027] The electrochemical reactor adopts a parallel plate design, placing two graphite electrodes in parallel to form an electric field;

[0028] Clean the graphite electrode with ultrapure water and ethanol;

[0029] Fix the cleaned graphite electrodes at both ends of the reactor, and use a container made of polytetrafluoroethylene as the reactor body;

[0030] Install a suitable diaphragm between two graphite electrodes;

[0031] A circulation pump is installed on the circulation pipeline outside the reactor to form an electrochemical reactor.

[0032] As a preferred solution of the water purification method for the secondary circuit of nuclear power according to the present invention, the electrochemical reactor is connected to the water purification system of the secondary circuit of the power plant, and the current and voltage are adjusted to the optimal treatment conditions to degrade the inorganic pollutants in the water of the secondary circuit of the power plant. The specific steps are as follows:

[0033] Connect the assembled electrochemical reactor to the secondary circuit water purification system through a pipeline, and adjust the speed of the circulation pump;

[0034] Start the electrochemical reactor and according to the known pollutant concentration C i Calculate the current density J of the electrochemical reactor, the expression is:

[0035]

[0036] Where I is the current and A is the effective area of ​​the electrode;

[0037] For a given current density J and electrode area A, the required voltage V is calculated by Ohm's law as follows: V = R·I;

[0038] Based on the current density J and voltage V, the degradation rate model expression is constructed as follows:

[0039]

[0040] k′=f′(J,V);

[0041] Where k' is the reaction rate constant, r(t) is the instantaneous degradation rate at time t, and f' represents the real-time change function of the reaction rate constant k affected by density J and voltage V;

[0042] The degradation rate model is integrated to generate the relationship between pollutant concentration and time C i (t), the expression is:

[0043]

[0044] Among them, C i (0) is the initial pollutant concentration, t is the time;

[0045] The concentration C at the initial moment o, calculate the pollutant concentration down to the safety threshold θ P The required time expression is:

[0046]

[0047] Among them, t safe The time required to reach a safe concentration;

[0048] The time required to combine with safe concentration t safe The relationship between the concentration of pollutants and time i (t), degrade the water quality of the secondary circuit.

[0049] As a preferred solution of the water purification method for the secondary circuit of nuclear power plant described in the present invention, wherein: the nanomaterials with photocatalytic activity and the synergistic effect of ultrasound are combined to perform secondary treatment on the water quality of the secondary circuit of nuclear power plant to degrade organic pollutants that cannot be treated in the electrochemical reactor. The specific steps are:

[0050] Titanium dioxide was selected as the photocatalyst and loaded with platinum nanoparticles to enhance the transfer efficiency of photogenerated electrons;

[0051] Using the sol-gel method, TiCl4 and PtCl2 solutions were mixed with ethanol, and ammonia was added to adjust the pH value to form a sol, which was then aged, dried, and calcined to obtain platinum-loaded titanium dioxide nanomaterials.

[0052] An ultrasonic generator with a frequency of 40 kHz was used as an ultrasonic source, and an ultrasonic probe was placed inside the reactor to deploy the reactor;

[0053] The water in the secondary circuit that has degraded inorganic pollutants through the electrochemical reactor is sent to the photocatalytic ultrasonic reactor again;

[0054] Under the combined action of light and ultrasound, the degradation of organic pollutants is accelerated by using platinum-loaded titanium dioxide nanomaterials, and the residual organic matter is further removed by activated carbon adsorption and filtration;

[0055] The effects of photocatalytic active nanomaterials and ultrasonic synergistic effect on the degradation of organic pollutants were quantified, and the photocatalytic ultrasonic synergistic effect model expression was constructed as follows:

[0056] R ed =R be ·(1+α·β cat β us ·exp(-δt));

[0057] Among them, R ed is the enhanced degradation rate, R be is the basic degradation rate, α is the photocatalytic enhancement factor, βcat is the photocatalytic activity factor, β us is the ultrasonic enhancement factor, and δ is the attenuation constant.

[0058] As a preferred solution of the water purification method for the secondary circuit of nuclear power according to the present invention, wherein: the intelligent monitoring and analysis system is used to monitor the changes in the water quality parameters of the secondary circuit in real time, the machine learning algorithm is used to predict the trend of the water quality changes in the secondary circuit, and the operating parameters of the electrochemical reactor are adjusted according to the monitoring results until the water quality of the secondary circuit reaches the expected standard. The specific steps are:

[0059] Continuously monitor water quality parameters through integrated online sensors and aggregate real-time and historical water quality data;

[0060] Using machine learning algorithms, based on real-time water quality data, the future water quality status is predicted and the treatment efficiency is evaluated as follows:

[0061]

[0062] in, represents the predicted future water quality state, X represents the input feature vector, f″ represents the machine learning model, and θ represents the model parameters;

[0063] Automatically adjust the operating parameters of the electrochemical reactor based on the prediction results of future water quality status;

[0064] Monitor the water quality effects after adjustment, feed back to the prediction model, and optimize subsequent parameter adjustments;

[0065] Dynamically adjust pollutant safety threshold θ according to water quality changes P , ensuring that water quality meets standards.

[0066] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a water purification system for a nuclear power secondary circuit, comprising an online fluorescent quantum dot sensor module, a real-time water quality early warning monitoring module, an electrochemical reactor module, an electrochemical optimization processing module, a synergistic photoacoustic organic matter degradation module and an intelligent monitoring module; the online fluorescent quantum dot sensor module is used to construct an online sensor using a quantum dot material with fluorescent response characteristics; the real-time water quality early warning monitoring module is used to integrate the online sensor into a real-time electric secondary circuit water quality early warning monitoring system to monitor the type and concentration of pollutants in the water quality of the electric secondary circuit in real time; the electrochemical reactor module is used to select a corresponding electrochemical reactor and electrode material based on the type and concentration of the monitored pollutants. The electrochemical optimization treatment module is used to connect the electrochemical reactor to the secondary circuit water purification system, adjust the current and voltage to the optimal treatment conditions, and degrade the inorganic pollutants in the secondary circuit water; the synergistic photoacoustic organic matter degradation module is used to combine the photocatalytically active nanomaterials and the synergistic effect of ultrasound to perform secondary treatment on the secondary circuit water, and degrade the organic pollutants that cannot be treated in the electrochemical reactor; the intelligent monitoring module is used to monitor the changes in the water quality parameters of the secondary circuit in real time through the intelligent monitoring and analysis system, predict the trend of the water quality changes in the secondary circuit by using the machine learning algorithm, and adjust the operating parameters of the electrochemical reactor according to the monitoring results until the water quality of the secondary circuit reaches the expected standard.

[0067] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer device, comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, wherein: when the computer program is executed by the processor, any step of the water purification method for a nuclear power secondary circuit as described in the first aspect of the present invention is implemented.

[0068] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein: when the computer program is executed by a processor, any step of the water purification method for a nuclear power secondary circuit as described in the first aspect of the present invention is implemented.

[0069] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention realizes high sensitivity and high selectivity in water quality monitoring by utilizing online sensors constructed with quantum dot materials; effectively degrades inorganic and organic pollutants by combining an electrochemical reactor with photocatalytic ultrasonic technology; and realizes real-time monitoring and prediction of water quality parameters and dynamic optimization of electrochemical reactor operating parameters by means of an intelligent monitoring and analysis system and a machine learning algorithm. Therefore, the present invention belongs to the field of advanced water quality monitoring and purification technology, and is particularly suitable for secondary circuit water quality management in nuclear power plants, which can significantly improve water purification efficiency and safety, reduce operating costs, and ensure long-term stable operation of nuclear power plants. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0070] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these accompanying drawings without paying creative work.

[0071] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the water purification method for the secondary circuit of nuclear power plant in Example 1.

[0072] Figure 2 This is a flow chart for assembling the electrochemical reactor in Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0073] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0074] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0075] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The term "in one embodiment" that appears in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it refer to a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0076] Example 1, reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 , which is the first embodiment of the present invention, provides a water purification method for a nuclear power secondary circuit, comprising the following steps:

[0077] S1. Use quantum dot materials with fluorescence response characteristics to build online sensors.

[0078] Furthermore, quantum dots with CdSe / ZnS core-shell structure are used as materials and fixed on the sensor element by chemical methods of silicon dioxide (or polymer matrix);

[0079] Preferably, "CdSe / ZnS core-shell structured quantum dots" are preferred due to their good water solubility, fluorescence stability and high quantum yield.

[0080] It should be noted that the purpose of "fixing on the sensor element by chemical methods of silica (or polymer matrix)" is to ensure that the quantum dots can exist stably in water and can effectively interact with pollutant molecules. Once the quantum dots are successfully fixed on the carrier, they can be made into sensor elements that can be embedded in the pipeline.

[0081] Install the fixed sensor elements at the key nodes of the water circulation path;

[0082] The installed sensor element is connected online to a real-time data acquisition unit to read the changes in the fluorescence signal in real time and construct an online sensor;

[0083] It should be noted that "critical nodes in the water circulation path" refer to locations in the water quality monitoring system that require special attention. These locations are crucial for monitoring water quality. Specifically, "critical nodes" may include but are not limited to the following places: entrance: the location before water enters the secondary electrical circuit system. This is an important location for monitoring the original water quality, which can help understand the water quality entering the system; exit: the location where water flows out of the secondary electrical circuit system. This is a key location for monitoring whether the treated water quality meets the standards; before the treatment unit: before entering any treatment unit (such as an electrochemical reactor), monitoring water quality helps to evaluate the performance requirements of subsequent treatment units; after the treatment unit: after passing through the treatment unit (such as an electrochemical reactor), monitoring water quality helps to evaluate the treatment effect and adjust the treatment parameters in a timely manner, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of water quality management and helping to take timely measures to deal with water quality problems.

[0084] S2. Integrate the online sensor into the real-time secondary circuit water quality early warning monitoring system to monitor the type and concentration of pollutants in the secondary circuit water quality in real time.

[0085] S2.1. Filter and suppress the changes in the fluorescence signal collected by the online sensor in the real-time electrical secondary circuit water quality. The expression is:

[0086]

[0087] Among them, y(t) is the signal after filtering, x(τ) is the original collected signal, dτ represents the small change of the integral variable τ, and this integral is performed on τ, which means that τ will change from -∞ to +∞ during the integration process, and the product of x(τ)·h(t-τ) is calculated at each value of τ and then added up. h(t) is the impulse response function of the filter, which is used to eliminate noise and smooth the signal. represents the integral operation, which is performed over the time interval from negative infinity to positive infinity, ensuring that the entire time range of the signal is taken into account. R and C are the resistance and capacitance values ​​of the circuit, and u(t) is the unit step function, ensuring that the impulse response only exists when t ≥ 0;

[0088] Preferably, "impulse response function" is a very important concept in signal processing and system theory. The impulse response function describes the response of a system to an ideal impulse signal (Dirac delta function). In the time domain, an impulse signal can be regarded as a signal that is infinite at a certain moment but zero at all other time points, and its integral is equal to 1. When such a signal is input into a system, the signal output by the system is its impulse response.

[0089] It should also be noted that the impulse response function is used to filter and suppress noise on the original fluorescence signal (x(τ)) collected by the sensor. The filtering process can be achieved through convolution integration, in which the impulse response function acts as the kernel of the filter and determines the characteristics of the filter. The result of the convolution operation y(t) represents the filtered signal, which can better reflect the true situation of pollutants in water quality, while eliminating noise interference, effectively improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal, and making the monitored data more reliable and accurate.

[0090] It should be noted that the changes in the collected fluorescence signals are correlated with the concentration of the specific pollutant.

[0091] It should also be noted that this formula is the definition of the convolution integral, which describes the convolution of the input signal x(τ) and the impulse response h(t-τ) of the filter. At the same time, in actual operations, since the signal is usually discrete, discrete convolution may be used instead of continuous convolution in specific operations.

[0092] S2.2, based on the data processed by filtering and noise suppression, the time domain signal is converted to the frequency domain using Fourier transform, and the key feature expression extracted from the frequency domain signal is:

[0093]

[0094] Where F(f) is the signal spectrum obtained by Fourier transform, f is the frequency variable, indicating the value of frequency, t is the time variable, j is the imaginary unit, satisfying j2=-1, e -j2πft is a complex exponential function used to convert time domain signals into frequency domain. i is the index variable, dt represents the small change in time t. This integral is performed with respect to τ, which means that τ will change from -∞ to +∞ during the integration process, and the product of x(τ)·h(t-τ) is calculated at each value of τ and then summed up, f irepresents the frequency characteristic corresponding to the i-th pollutant, which is determined by finding the maximum value point in the spectrum F(f). It means finding the value of f that maximizes |F(f)|2, |F(f)| 2 Represents the square of the modulus of the spectrum F(f), that is, the energy distribution of the signal;

[0095] S2.3. Identify the types of pollutants present in the sample by comparing the key features extracted from the water quality sample with the feature templates in the established pollutant database;

[0096] S2.4. Based on the identified pollutant types, the concentration response relationship model is used to estimate the concentration of the pollutant:

[0097]

[0098] Among them, C i is the concentration of the i-th pollutant, w k is the weight coefficient of the kth feature, reflecting the importance of this feature to concentration estimation, f ik is the value of the kth feature associated with the ith pollutant, N is the number of features for concentration estimation, represents the summation operation of k from 1 to N, and df represents the small change of frequency f;

[0099] It should be noted that the integration in the denominator is usually performed over a limited frequency range because the energy of the signal is usually concentrated in a certain frequency range.

[0100] Furthermore, steps S2.1, S2.2, S2.3 and S2.4 are integrated into a real-time secondary circuit water quality early warning monitoring system to monitor the type and concentration of pollutants in the secondary circuit water quality in real time;

[0101] Set the pollutant concentration safety threshold θ P , when the detected pollutant concentration C i Exceeding the safety threshold θ P When a fault occurs, the system will automatically trigger an alarm and send relevant information to maintenance personnel.

[0102] It should be noted that “setting the pollutant concentration safety threshold θ P"The specific steps involved are to determine the safety limits of pollutants: first, it is necessary to determine the safety limits of each pollutant based on relevant laws and regulations, industry standards or scientific research results. These limits are usually issued by environmental protection agencies or health departments, and they are based on research on human health and environmental impacts; analyze historical data: In order to set safety thresholds more accurately, historical data can be analyzed to understand the pollutant concentration levels under normal circumstances, which helps to identify abnormal situations and provide a basis for thresholds; consider the accuracy of monitoring equipment: The accuracy of monitoring equipment is also an important factor. If the accuracy of the equipment is low, the threshold may need to be relaxed to avoid false alarms. On the contrary, if the equipment accuracy is very high, a stricter threshold can be set; The influence of environmental factors: Considering that environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, flow rate, etc. may affect the measured value of pollutant concentration, the influence of these factors also needs to be considered when setting thresholds; Safety margin: When setting thresholds, a margin is usually left. A certain safety margin, that is, the set threshold is usually lower than the safety limit specified by regulations, so that safety can be guaranteed even in extreme cases; Regulatory compliance: Ensure that the set threshold meets the requirements of local regulations, which may involve different limits for multiple pollutants; Dynamic adjustment of thresholds: Depending on the actual situation, it may be necessary to regularly evaluate and adjust the threshold. For example, with the emergence of new research or the advancement of monitoring technology, the threshold may need to be updated to reflect the latest knowledge and best practices; Implementation of threshold monitoring: Once the threshold is set, real-time monitoring is required to detect the exceedance in time. This can be done through an automated system, which will trigger an alarm when the concentration exceeds the threshold; Response plan: Establish a response plan, including specific action steps when the concentration exceeds the standard, such as increasing the sampling frequency, starting the purification device, notifying relevant departments, etc.; Records and reports: Each time an alarm is triggered, the specific situation should be recorded and reported to relevant personnel, which will help with subsequent analysis and improvement.

[0103] It should also be noted that integrating online sensors into the real-time electrical secondary circuit water quality early warning monitoring system can achieve rapid identification of pollutant types in water quality and accurate measurement of concentrations. By real-time monitoring and analysis of changes in fluorescence signals and the use of advanced filtering and noise suppression techniques, the system can effectively remove interference signals and improve signal quality. Subsequently, key frequency features are extracted through Fourier transform, and these features are then compared with a database of known pollutants to accurately identify the type of pollutant. Based on the characteristic pattern and concentration response relationship model, the system can estimate the actual concentration of pollutants and compare it with the preset safety threshold. Once the concentration exceeds the standard, an alarm is automatically triggered to promptly remind maintenance personnel to take corresponding measures, thereby significantly improving the efficiency and accuracy of water quality monitoring and ensuring the safe and stable operation of the electrical secondary circuit system.

[0104] S3. Based on the monitored pollutant types and concentrations, select the corresponding electrochemical reactor and electrode materials, and assemble the electrochemical reactor.

[0105] Furthermore, the electrode material is selected to use graphite electrode material;

[0106] Preferably, the graphite electrode has good electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance and stability, thereby maintaining a stable working state for a long time and is suitable for use in electrochemical redox processes.

[0107] The electrochemical reactor adopts a parallel plate design, placing two graphite electrodes in parallel to form an electric field;

[0108] Preferably, the advantage of the parallel plate electrochemical reactor design is that it can provide uniform current distribution and higher current density, which is beneficial to improving the degradation efficiency of pollutants. At the same time, the diaphragm setting inside the reactor can prevent cross-contamination of substances in the anode and cathode regions, ensuring the specificity and effectiveness of the reaction.

[0109] Use ultrapure water and ethanol to clean the graphite electrode to remove surface impurities and improve the conductivity of the electrode;

[0110] Fix the cleaned graphite electrodes at both ends of the reactor to ensure that the distance between the electrodes is uniform and moderate. This is to obtain a stable current density distribution and avoid local overheating or efficiency loss caused by excessive current density;

[0111] Furthermore, a container made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is selected as the reactor body to ensure its corrosion resistance;

[0112] It should be noted that containers made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) not only have excellent corrosion resistance, but can also withstand high temperatures and high pressures, and are suitable for a variety of electrochemical processing environments. In addition, the non-adhesive properties of PTFE also help reduce the accumulation of residues inside the reactor.

[0113] Install an appropriate separator between the two graphite electrodes to avoid mixing of the cathode and anode products;

[0114] A circulation pump is installed on the circulation pipeline outside the reactor to form an electrochemical reactor;

[0115] Preferably, a "circulation pump" is installed to ensure that the water sample circulates in the reactor to increase the chance of pollutants contacting the electrodes.

[0116] Preferably, the circulation pump is connected to the reactor through a pipeline to ensure that the water sample can circulate in and out of the reactor. The selection of the circulation pump needs to consider factors such as the size of the reactor and the flow rate of the water sample.

[0117] Preferably, the diaphragm is disposed between the two electrodes to separate the anode and cathode regions and prevent product mixing. The operation of the circulation pump helps to maintain uniform distribution of the water sample on both sides of the diaphragm, thereby improving the efficiency of the electrochemical reaction.

[0118] S4. Connect the electrochemical reactor to the secondary circuit water purification system, adjust the current and voltage to the optimal treatment conditions, and degrade the inorganic pollutants in the secondary circuit water.

[0119] Furthermore, the assembled electrochemical reactor is connected to the electric secondary loop water purification system through a pipeline to ensure that the water sample can flow into and out of the reactor smoothly, and the speed of the circulation pump is adjusted to ensure that the water sample stays in the electrochemical reactor long enough to achieve the best pollutant degradation effect;

[0120] Start the electrochemical reactor and according to the known pollutant concentration C i Calculate the current density J of the electrochemical reactor to achieve the best treatment effect, the expression is:

[0121]

[0122] Where I is the current and A is the effective area of ​​the electrode;

[0123] For a given current density J and electrode area A, the required voltage V is calculated by Ohm's law as follows: V = R·I;

[0124] It should be noted that through the above steps, we can calculate the concentration of pollutants according to the known concentration C i The required current density J is calculated, and then the required voltage V is calculated to optimize the working conditions of the electrochemical reactor. This technical solution ensures that the output of each step is directly used as the input of the next step, and ensures the linear relationship between the formulas. This can not only efficiently degrade the inorganic pollutants in the water quality of the secondary circuit of the power plant, but also realize intelligent operation through the automatic control system.

[0125] Based on the current density J and voltage V, a degradation rate model is constructed to describe the degradation process of pollutants in the electrochemical reactor. The expression is:

[0126]

[0127] k′=f′(J,V);

[0128] Where k is the reaction rate constant, r(t) is the instantaneous degradation rate at time t, and f′ represents the real-time change function of the reaction rate constant k affected by density J and voltage V;

[0129] It should be noted that "constructing a degradation rate model to describe the degradation process of pollutants in an electrochemical reactor" is a mathematical abstraction and quantitative analysis of the core chemical reactions in the above process. The degradation rate model is a key tool for understanding and predicting the degradation rate, degradation efficiency and required time of pollutants. It is based on the basic principles of electrochemical reactions and uses mathematical formulas to express the law of change of pollutant concentration over time, as well as how these changes are affected by current density, voltage and other operating parameters.

[0130] It should also be noted that "carrying out redox treatment in an electrochemical reactor" is an implementation process.

[0131] "Establishing a kinetic model" is part of the scientific research and engineering design to optimize this process. Kinetic models help engineers and scientists predict and control reaction rates to ensure the efficiency and effectiveness of the treatment process. Therefore, kinetic models are an important part of achieving effective redox treatment. It enables us to more accurately control and optimize the operating conditions of the electrochemical reactor to achieve the ideal water purification effect.

[0132] Furthermore, the degradation rate model is integrated to generate the relationship between pollutant concentration and time, C i (t), the expression used to predict the residual concentration of pollutants at different time points is:

[0133]

[0134] Among them, C i (0) is the initial pollutant concentration, t is the time;

[0135] It should be noted that “through integral calculation” means that the first-order reaction kinetic differential equation describing the pollutant degradation process is solved through integral calculation to obtain an analytical expression of the change of pollutant concentration over time.

[0136] It should also be noted that the expression C i (t) = C i (0)·e -kt It is an important mathematical model commonly used in electrochemical treatment or other chemical reaction kinetics research. It describes the law that the concentration of pollutants decays exponentially with time. This model is based on first-order reaction kinetics. It is crucial to understand and optimize the treatment process, especially when it comes to quantitative analysis of pollutant degradation rate and prediction of treatment time.

[0137] The concentration C at the initial moment o , calculate the pollutant concentration down to the safety threshold θ P The required time expression is:

[0138]

[0139] Among them, t safe The time required to reach a safe concentration, ln represents the natural logarithm, which is the logarithm with the mathematical constant e (approximately equal to 2.71828) as the base;

[0140] The time required to combine with safe concentration t safe The relationship between the concentration of pollutants and time i (t) Degrade the water quality of the secondary circuit to ensure that the water quality reaches the safe discharge or use standards after a certain period of treatment.

[0141] It should be noted that "the concentration C at the initial moment o , calculate the pollutant concentration down to the safety threshold θ P The time required t safe "This part of the content is to quantify the time parameters of the pollutant degradation process to ensure that the water quality treatment reaches the safety standard. Specifically, it has the following key functions: determine the treatment cycle; calculate the safety threshold θ P The time required t safe , we can determine the operating cycle of the electrochemical treatment system, that is, how long the system needs to run to reduce the pollutant concentration to a safe level, which is crucial for designing the working time and efficiency of the treatment system and optimizing the treatment conditions; with t safe , we can in turn adjust the operating parameters of the electrochemical reactor (such as current density J and voltage V) to optimize the degradation rate k, thereby reducing the time required to reach safety standards. This means that the degradation process of pollutants can be accelerated by adjusting the working parameters, improving the treatment efficiency, and automating the control basis; t safe The calculation provides an important basis for the automatic control system. The control system can dynamically adjust the reaction conditions according to the real-time monitoring data of the pollutant concentration to ensure that the safety threshold is reached in the shortest time while avoiding energy waste caused by excessive processing and cost-benefit analysis; knowing t safe It helps to conduct cost-benefit analysis, such as evaluating the balance between power consumption, reactor operating costs and treatment efficiency, so as to optimize the overall treatment cost and ensure safety; the ultimate goal is to ensure water quality safety. safe And ensure that the treatment process reaches at least this time point, which can provide water quality safety and avoid potential harm to the environment or human health caused by insufficiently treated water;

[0142] In summary, calculate t safeIt is not only a key step in the water treatment process, but also a necessary condition to ensure the effectiveness and economy of the system. It helps us understand the timeliness of the treatment process, optimize operating parameters, ensure that the water quality meets safety standards, and achieve rational use of resources.

[0143] S5. Combining the synergistic effect of photocatalytically active nanomaterials and ultrasound, the water quality of the secondary circuit is treated for the second time to degrade organic pollutants that cannot be treated in the electrochemical reactor.

[0144] Furthermore, titanium dioxide (TiO2) was selected as a photocatalyst due to its excellent photocatalytic activity and stability, and the transfer efficiency of photogenerated electrons was enhanced by loading platinum (Pt) nanoparticles, which was used to further improve the photocatalytic performance of TiO2;

[0145] Using the sol-gel method, TiCl4 and PtCl2 solutions were mixed with ethanol, and ammonia was added to adjust the pH value to form a sol, which was then aged, dried, and calcined to obtain Pt-loaded TiO2 nanomaterials.

[0146] Preferably, titanium dioxide (TiO2) is selected as the photocatalyst because TiO2 has good photocatalytic activity and chemical stability, can work in a wide pH range, is not easily corroded by chemicals, and has low cost. These properties of TiO2 are the basis for the success of subsequent modification and synthesis processes.

[0147] Preferably, the sol-gel method is a common method for synthesizing nanomaterials, which can prepare nanoparticles with uniform particle size and good dispersibility. In this process, TiCl4 and PtCl2 solutions are mixed with ethanol, and ammonia water is added to adjust the pH value to form a sol. The subsequent aging, drying, and calcination steps are to form a stable gel structure, which is further converted into a nanomaterial with a high specific surface area. This series of steps ensures the high-quality synthesis of Pt-loaded TiO2 nanomaterials and is a technical means to achieve material selection and modification.

[0148] It should be noted that in order to further improve the photocatalytic performance of TiO2, platinum (Pt) nanoparticles are loaded to enhance the transfer efficiency of photogenerated electrons. This is because the photocatalytic process of TiO2 mainly depends on the electron and hole pairs generated by light excitation, but the electrons and holes are easy to recombine, resulting in limited photocatalytic efficiency. By loading Pt nanoparticles, electron traps can be provided, which promotes the rapid transfer of electrons and reduces the recombination of electrons and holes, thereby improving the photocatalytic activity. This step is carried out on the basis of material selection, with the aim of making up for the defects of TiO2 itself and improving its performance.

[0149] An ultrasonic generator with a frequency of 40kHz is used as the ultrasonic source to provide sufficient cavitation effect and enhance the degradation of organic pollutants;

[0150] The reactor was deployed by placing the ultrasonic probe inside the reactor to ensure that the ultrasonic energy was evenly distributed throughout the water sample;

[0151] Furthermore, the water in the secondary circuit that has degraded inorganic pollutants through the electrochemical reactor is sent again to the photocatalytic ultrasonic reactor;

[0152] Under the combined action of light and ultrasound, the degradation of organic pollutants is accelerated by using platinum-loaded titanium dioxide nanomaterials, and the residual organic matter is further removed by activated carbon adsorption and filtration;

[0153] The effects of photocatalytic active nanomaterials and ultrasonic synergistic effect on the degradation of organic pollutants were quantified, and the photocatalytic ultrasonic synergistic effect model expression was constructed as follows:

[0154] R ed =R be ·(1+α·β cat β us ·exp(-δt));

[0155] Among them, R ed is the enhanced degradation rate, which represents the degradation rate of organic pollutants under the synergistic effect of photocatalysis and ultrasound, R be Is the basic degradation rate, indicating the degradation rate without photocatalysis or ultrasound, the unit is m 3 / (g·s), α is the photocatalytic enhancement factor, which reflects the effect of photocatalysis on the degradation rate, dimensionless, β cat It is the photocatalytic activity factor, which is directly related to the activity of the photocatalyst and is expressed in m 3 / (g·s), β us is the ultrasonic enhancement factor, which reflects the effect of ultrasound on the degradation rate, and is dimensionless. δ is the attenuation constant, which reflects the decay rate of the effect of photocatalysis and ultrasound on the degradation rate over time, and the unit is 1 / s.

[0156] Preferably, "quantified synergistic effect" refers to the precise numerical description and analysis of the enhanced effect produced by the combined action of two or more interacting factors in scientific research and technological applications. In the context of the document, it specifically refers to the quantitative study of the synergistic enhancement effect of photocatalytically active nanomaterials (such as TiO2-Pt) and ultrasonic technology in the degradation of organic pollutants.

[0157] It should be noted that, through precise mathematical models, the synergistic enhancement effect of photocatalysis and ultrasonic technology in the degradation of organic pollutants is quantified, which greatly improves the controllability and efficiency of the treatment process. Secondly, the construction of the model helps to deeply understand the mechanism of photocatalytic efficiency improvement of photocatalytically active nanomaterials, such as TiO2-Pt, under the assistance of ultrasound, and provides a scientific basis for optimizing material formulations and treatment parameters. Thirdly, by adjusting the parameters in the model, such as photocatalytic enhancement factor, ultrasonic enhancement factor and attenuation constant, the best treatment scheme can be customized for different types of organic pollutants, realizing the personalization and refinement of the treatment process. Finally, the application of this model promotes the economy and environmental protection of the treatment process, reduces the use of chemical agents, reduces the treatment cost, and also reduces the risk of secondary pollution, which is of great significance to protecting the ecological environment and promoting sustainable development. In general, the construction of a photocatalytic ultrasonic synergistic effect model not only greatly improves the degradation efficiency of organic pollutants in the water quality of the secondary circuit of the power plant, but also provides a more efficient, economical and environmentally friendly solution for industrial wastewater treatment, reflecting the important role of scientific and technological innovation in environmental governance.

[0158] It should also be noted that the range of the “photocatalytic ultrasound synergistic effect model” depends on the basic degradation rate R be , photocatalytic enhancement factor α, photocatalytic activity factor β cat , ultrasonic enhancement factor β us , the decay constant δ, and the processing time t, ranging from R be to R be ·(1+α·β cat β us ), the specific value depends on the specific value of each parameter. As the processing time t increases, due to the existence of exp(-δt), R ed Will gradually approach R be , reflecting the natural attenuation of photocatalytic and ultrasonic effects over time.

[0159] Optimally, through the innovative formula R ed The enhancement effect of both on the degradation rate of organic pollutants is accurately described. By adjusting the photocatalytically active nanomaterials and ultrasonic parameters, different organic pollutants can be optimized to improve the targetedness and effectiveness of the treatment. In addition, the attenuation constant δ in the formula takes into account the natural attenuation of the photocatalytic and ultrasonic effects over time during the treatment process, making the model closer to the actual treatment process.

[0160] It should also be noted that the innovative technical solution of combining photocatalytically active nanomaterials and ultrasonic synergistic effects to conduct secondary treatment of the water quality of the secondary circuit has brought significant beneficial effects. First, by selecting titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanomaterials with excellent photocatalytic activity and stability, and loading platinum (Pt) nanoparticles to enhance the transfer efficiency of photogenerated electrons, the treatment capacity of difficult-to-degrade organic pollutants has been significantly improved. Secondly, the introduction of ultrasound not only increases the fragmentation and oxidation of organic molecules, but also promotes the progress of photocatalytic reactions. Through the cavitation effect of ultrasound, the activity of the photocatalyst is enhanced, and the degradation rate of organic pollutants is accelerated. Thirdly, through the innovative formula designed, the enhancement effect of the synergistic effect of photocatalysis and ultrasound on the degradation rate can be accurately quantified, making the treatment process more controllable and efficient. Finally, this method not only overcomes the limitations of electrochemical reactors in treating certain organic pollutants, but also reduces the use of chemical agents, reduces treatment costs, and achieves the goal of green and environmentally friendly water purification. Overall, this technical solution greatly improves the degradation efficiency of organic pollutants in the water quality of the secondary circuit, and provides a more efficient, economical and environmentally friendly solution for industrial wastewater treatment.

[0161] S6. Use the intelligent monitoring and analysis system to monitor the changes in the water quality parameters of the secondary circuit in real time, use the machine learning algorithm to predict the trend of the water quality changes in the secondary circuit, and adjust the operating parameters of the electrochemical reactor according to the monitoring results until the water quality of the secondary circuit reaches the expected standard.

[0162] Furthermore, by integrating online sensors, water quality parameters such as pollutant types and concentrations are continuously monitored, and real-time and historical water quality data are aggregated to provide comprehensive information for intelligent analysis;

[0163] Using machine learning algorithms, such as support vector machines or neural networks, we can predict water quality trends, predict future water quality status based on real-time water quality data, and evaluate treatment efficiency using the expression:

[0164]

[0165] in, represents the predicted future water quality state or treatment efficiency, X represents the input feature vector, including real-time water quality data (such as pollutant type and concentration, temperature, pH value, etc.), historical water quality data, electrochemical reactor parameters (such as current density and voltage), photocatalytic and ultrasonic parameters, etc., f″ represents the machine learning model, which maps the input features to the predicted output through the data pattern learned through training, θ represents the model parameters, including weights, bias terms, etc., which are optimized through the training process to minimize the prediction error;

[0166] Preferably, machine learning algorithms are able to identify and model complex nonlinear relationships in the data, which is particularly critical for possible nonlinear dependencies between water quality parameters and treatment efficiency. For example, the relationship between the concentration of certain pollutants and treatment efficiency may not be linear, and traditional statistical methods may not be able to fully capture this complexity.

[0167] Automatically adjust the operating parameters of the electrochemical reactor, such as current density and voltage, based on the predicted results of future water quality status;

[0168] It should be noted that “automatic adjustment” means that if the prediction shows that the current parameter settings cannot achieve or maintain the water quality at the safe threshold θ P If the value is within the range of , the system will automatically trigger parameter adjustment.

[0169] Monitor the water quality effects after adjustment, feed back to the prediction model, and optimize subsequent parameter adjustments;

[0170] Dynamically adjust pollutant safety threshold θ according to water quality changes P , ensuring that water quality meets standards;

[0171] Through continuous data analysis and model updates, we continuously improve prediction accuracy and processing efficiency.

[0172] It should be noted that the strategy of real-time monitoring of water quality parameter changes in the secondary circuit of the electrochemical reactor by integrating an intelligent monitoring and analysis system and predicting water quality change trends using advanced machine learning algorithms has brought significant beneficial effects. First, real-time monitoring ensures the continuous tracking of water quality parameters, timely captures subtle changes in water quality, and provides immediate feedback for water quality management. Second, machine learning algorithms can deeply mine complex patterns in water quality data and predict future water quality states, thereby prospectively evaluating the efficiency of electrochemical treatment. This predictive capability allows the system to dynamically adjust the operating parameters of the electrochemical reactor, such as current density and voltage, based on the prediction results to optimize the treatment effect and ensure that the water quality meets or exceeds the expected standards. Through continuous data analysis and model updates, the system continuously learns and adapts to water quality changes, improves prediction accuracy and treatment efficiency, and ultimately achieves precise control and intelligent management of water quality, significantly improving the automation level and environmental friendliness of water quality treatment in the secondary circuit of the electrochemical reactor. This intelligent water quality treatment solution not only strengthens the sustainable management of water resources, but also promotes green transformation and environmental protection in industrial production.

[0173] This embodiment also provides a water purification system for a nuclear power secondary circuit, including an online fluorescent quantum dot sensor module, a real-time water quality early warning monitoring module, an electrochemical reactor module, an electrochemical optimization treatment module, a coordinated photoacoustic organic matter degradation module and an intelligent monitoring module; the online fluorescent quantum dot sensor module is used to construct an online sensor using quantum dot materials with fluorescent response characteristics; the real-time water quality early warning monitoring module is used to integrate the online sensor into the real-time electric secondary circuit water quality early warning monitoring system, and monitor the type and concentration of pollutants in the water quality of the electric secondary circuit in real time; the electrochemical reactor module is used to select the corresponding electrochemical reactor and electrode material based on the monitored pollutant type and concentration. Assemble the electrochemical reactor; the electrochemical optimization treatment module is used to connect the electrochemical reactor to the secondary circuit water purification system, adjust the current and voltage to the optimal treatment conditions, and degrade the inorganic pollutants in the secondary circuit water; the synergistic photoacoustic organic matter degradation module is used to combine the photocatalytically active nanomaterials and the synergistic effect of ultrasound to perform secondary treatment on the secondary circuit water, and degrade the organic pollutants that cannot be treated in the electrochemical reactor; the intelligent monitoring module is used to monitor the changes in the water quality parameters of the secondary circuit in real time through the intelligent monitoring and analysis system, use the machine learning algorithm to predict the trend of the water quality changes in the secondary circuit, and adjust the operating parameters of the electrochemical reactor according to the monitoring results until the water quality of the secondary circuit reaches the expected standards.

[0174] This embodiment also provides a computer device, which is suitable for the case of a water purification method for a secondary circuit of a nuclear power plant, comprising: a memory and a processor; the memory is used to store computer executable instructions, and the processor is used to execute computer executable instructions to implement the water purification method for a secondary circuit of a nuclear power plant as proposed in the above embodiment.

[0175] The computer device may be a terminal, and the computer device includes a processor, a memory, a communication interface, a display screen and an input device connected via a system bus. The processor of the computer device is used to provide computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device includes a non-volatile storage medium and an internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system and a computer program. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and the computer program in the non-volatile storage medium. The communication interface of the computer device is used to communicate with an external terminal in a wired or wireless manner, and the wireless manner can be achieved through WIFI, an operator network, NFC (near field communication) or other technologies. The display screen of the computer device may be a liquid crystal display screen or an electronic ink display screen, and the input device of the computer device may be a touch layer covering the display screen, or a key, trackball or touchpad provided on the housing of the computer device, or an external keyboard, touchpad or mouse, etc.

[0176] This embodiment also provides a storage medium on which a computer program is stored. When the program is executed by a processor, the water purification method for the secondary circuit of a nuclear power plant as proposed in the above embodiment is implemented; the storage medium can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as static random access memory (Static Random Access Memory, referred to as SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory, referred to as EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory, referred to as EPROM), programmable read-only memory (Programmable Red-Only Memory, referred to as PROM), read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, referred to as ROM), magnetic storage, flash memory, magnetic disk or optical disk.

[0177] In summary, the present invention solves the problems of real-time monitoring lag, low removal efficiency of specific pollutants, limited treatment of organic pollutants, and energy efficiency of photocatalysis and ultrasonic technology in the prior art by integrating advanced sensing technology, electrochemical engineering, nanotechnology and artificial intelligence; the online sensor constructed with quantum dot materials with fluorescent response characteristics ensures the instant perception of water quality changes; the electrochemical reactor is combined with intelligent parameter adjustment to provide a fast and effective removal method for inorganic pollutants, while avoiding secondary pollution that may be caused by chemical treatment; the synergistic effect of photocatalytically active nanomaterials and ultrasound significantly improves the degradation ability of complex organic pollutants and reduces the energy consumption and cost of photocatalysis or ultrasonic treatment alone; through the optimization of machine learning algorithms, accurate prediction of water quality change trends and dynamic adjustment of treatment strategies are achieved, greatly enhancing the intelligence and efficiency of water quality management.

[0178] Example 2, referring to Table 1, is the second example of the present invention. To further verify the advancement of the present invention, experimental simulation data of a water purification method for a nuclear power secondary circuit are provided.

[0179] The experiment was conducted in a simulated nuclear power plant secondary loop system, and water samples containing specific concentrations of inorganic and organic pollutants (such as sulfate concentration (mg / L), nitrate concentration (mg / L), benzene concentration (μg / L), COD (mg / L) and pH) were selected as test objects. Before the experiment, the following experimental equipment and materials needed to be prepared: a simulated nuclear power plant secondary loop system; an online water quality monitoring system, including CdSe / ZnS quantum dot sensors; a real-time data acquisition and early warning system; an electrochemical reactor, containing graphite electrodes and PTFE containers; a photocatalytic ultrasonic reactor, containing TiO2-Pt nanomaterials; a circulation pump; an ultrasonic generator; and an intelligent monitoring and analysis system, including a machine learning algorithm.

[0180] First, the online water quality monitoring system is deployed: quantum dot sensors are fixed to the key nodes of the simulation system, connected to the real-time data acquisition unit, and start monitoring the type and concentration of pollutants in the water.

[0181] Secondly, pollutant identification and concentration estimation are carried out: through signal processing techniques such as filtering and Fourier transform, the main pollutants are identified as sulfate, nitrate and benzene compounds.

[0182] Next, the electrochemical reactor was assembled and operated: according to the type of pollutant identified, the graphite electrode material was selected, the parallel plate electrochemical reactor was assembled, and the current density was adjusted to 10 mA / cm 2 , voltage to 3V, to treat inorganic pollutants in water samples.

[0183] Furthermore, a photocatalytic ultrasonic reactor was configured: TiO2-Pt nanomaterials were prepared, added into the photocatalytic ultrasonic reactor, the ultrasonic frequency was set to 40 kHz, and the organic pollutants were degraded under light conditions.

[0184] Finally, intelligent monitoring and parameter adjustment are carried out: the changes in water quality parameters are monitored in real time through the intelligent monitoring and analysis system, and the operating parameters of the electrochemical reactor are adjusted based on the prediction model until the water quality meets the standards.

[0185] The details are shown in Table 1 below:

[0186] Table 1 Experimental record table

[0187]

[0188] As can be seen from the above table, the concentrations of sulfate and nitrate were significantly reduced to 20 mg / L and 15 mg / L respectively through electrochemical treatment, which shows the effective degradation ability of electrochemical reactor for inorganic pollutants. However, the degradation effect of electrochemical treatment on organic pollutants (such as benzene) is limited, and the concentration only dropped from 500 μg / L to 490 μg / L. After photocatalytic ultrasonic treatment, the concentration of organic pollutant benzene dropped sharply from 490 μg / L to 10 μg / L, and COD also dropped from 700 mg / L to 20 mg / L, which shows that the photocatalytic ultrasonic reactor has a significant effect on the degradation of organic pollutants. At the same time, the concentration of inorganic pollutants is further reduced, which proves the necessity and effectiveness of secondary treatment. Through intelligent monitoring and parameter adjustment, the pH value of water quality remains stable, which proves that the system maintains good pH control ability during the treatment process.

[0189] In summary, the water purification method proposed in the present invention not only effectively degrades inorganic pollutants, but also significantly improves the treatment efficiency of organic pollutants by introducing a photocatalytic ultrasonic reactor, demonstrating the innovation and practicality of this technology in the field of secondary circuit water purification in nuclear power plants. This series of experimental results strongly demonstrates the significant advantages of the present invention over the existing technology, especially in its ability to treat complex pollutant combinations.

[0190] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water purification method for a nuclear power secondary circuit, characterized in that: include, Use quantum dot materials with fluorescence response characteristics to build online sensors; Integrate online sensors into the real-time secondary circuit water quality early warning monitoring system to monitor the type and concentration of pollutants in the secondary circuit water quality in real time; Based on the type and concentration of pollutants monitored, select the corresponding electrochemical reactor and electrode materials, and assemble the electrochemical reactor; Connect the electrochemical reactor to the secondary circuit water purification system, adjust the current and voltage to the optimal treatment conditions, and degrade the inorganic pollutants in the secondary circuit water; Combining the synergistic effect of photocatalytically active nanomaterials and ultrasound, the water quality of the secondary circuit is treated for secondary treatment to degrade organic pollutants that cannot be treated in the electrochemical reactor; The intelligent monitoring and analysis system is used to monitor the changes in the water quality parameters of the secondary circuit in real time, and the machine learning algorithm is used to predict the changing trend of the water quality of the secondary circuit. The operating parameters of the electrochemical reactor are adjusted according to the monitoring results until the water quality of the secondary circuit reaches the expected standards.

2. The water purification method for a nuclear power secondary circuit as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The quantum dot material with fluorescence response characteristics is used to construct an online sensor, and the specific steps are as follows: Quantum dots with CdSe / ZnS core-shell structure are used as materials and fixed on the sensor element by chemical method of silicon dioxide; Install the fixed sensor elements at the key nodes of the water circulation path; The installed sensor elements are connected online to the real-time data acquisition unit to construct an online sensor.

3. The water purification method for a nuclear power secondary circuit as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The online sensor is integrated into the real-time electric secondary circuit water quality early warning monitoring system to monitor the type and concentration of pollutants in the electric secondary circuit water quality in real time. The specific steps are as follows: S1. Filter and suppress the changes in the fluorescence signal collected by the online sensor in the real-time electrical secondary circuit water quality. The expression is: Where y(t) is the signal after filtering, x(τ) is the original acquired signal, dτ represents the small change of the integral variable τ, t is the time variable, h(t) is the impulse response function of the filter, R and C are the resistance and capacitance values ​​of the circuit, and u(t) is the unit step function; S2. Based on the data processed by filtering and noise suppression, the time domain signal is converted to the frequency domain using Fourier transform, and the key feature expression extracted from the frequency domain signal is: Where F(f) is the signal spectrum obtained by Fourier transform, f is the frequency variable, j is the imaginary unit, i is the index variable, dt represents the small change in time t, and f i represents the frequency characteristics corresponding to the i-th pollutant; S3, by comparing the key features extracted from the water quality sample with the feature templates in the established pollutant database, identify the type of pollutants present in the sample; S4. Based on the identified pollutant types, the concentration expression of the pollutant is estimated using the concentration response relationship model: Among them, C i is the concentration of the i-th pollutant, w k is the weight coefficient of the kth feature, f ik is the value of the kth feature associated with the ith pollutant, N is the number of features for concentration estimation, and df represents the amount of small changes in frequency f; Integrate steps S1, S2, S3 and S4 into a real-time secondary circuit water quality early warning monitoring system to monitor the type and concentration of pollutants in the secondary circuit water quality in real time; Set the pollutant concentration safety threshold θ P , when the detected pollutant concentration C i Exceeding the safety threshold θ P When a fault occurs, the system will automatically trigger an alarm and send relevant information to maintenance personnel.

4. The water purification method for a nuclear power secondary circuit as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The specific steps of selecting a corresponding electrochemical reactor and electrode materials based on the monitored pollutant type and concentration and assembling the electrochemical reactor are as follows: The electrode material is graphite electrode material; The electrochemical reactor adopts a parallel plate design, placing two graphite electrodes in parallel to form an electric field; Clean the graphite electrode with ultrapure water and ethanol; Fix the cleaned graphite electrodes at both ends of the reactor, and use a container made of polytetrafluoroethylene as the reactor body; Install a suitable diaphragm between two graphite electrodes; A circulation pump is installed on the circulation pipeline outside the reactor to form an electrochemical reactor.

5. The water purification method for a nuclear power secondary circuit as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The electrochemical reactor is connected to the secondary circuit water purification system, and the current and voltage are adjusted to the optimal treatment conditions to degrade the inorganic pollutants in the secondary circuit water. The specific steps are as follows: Connect the assembled electrochemical reactor to the secondary circuit water purification system through a pipeline, and adjust the speed of the circulation pump; Start the electrochemical reactor and according to the known pollutant concentration C i Calculate the current density J of the electrochemical reactor, the expression is: Where I is the current and A is the effective area of ​​the electrode; For a given current density J and electrode area A, the required voltage V is calculated by Ohm's law as follows: V = R·I; Based on the current density J and voltage V, the degradation rate model expression is constructed as follows: k′=f′(J,V); Where k' is the reaction rate constant, r(t) is the instantaneous degradation rate at time t, and f' represents the real-time change function of the reaction rate constant k affected by density J and voltage V; The degradation rate model is integrated to generate the relationship between pollutant concentration and time C i (t), the expression is: Among them, C i (0) is the initial pollutant concentration, t is the time; The concentration C at the initial moment o , calculate the pollutant concentration down to the safety threshold θ P The required time expression is: Among them, t safe The time required to reach a safe concentration; The time required to combine with safe concentration t safe The relationship between the concentration of pollutants and time i (t), degrade the water quality of the secondary circuit.

6. The water purification method for a nuclear power secondary circuit as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The nanomaterials with photocatalytic activity and the synergistic effect of ultrasound are combined to perform secondary treatment on the water quality of the secondary circuit to degrade organic pollutants that cannot be treated in the electrochemical reactor. The specific steps are as follows: Titanium dioxide was selected as the photocatalyst and loaded with platinum nanoparticles to enhance the transfer efficiency of photogenerated electrons; Using the sol-gel method, TiCl4 and PtCl2 solutions were mixed with ethanol, and ammonia was added to adjust the pH value to form a sol, which was then aged, dried, and calcined to obtain platinum-loaded titanium dioxide nanomaterials. An ultrasonic generator with a frequency of 40 kHz was used as an ultrasonic source, and an ultrasonic probe was placed inside the reactor to deploy the reactor; The water in the secondary circuit that has degraded inorganic pollutants through the electrochemical reactor is sent to the photocatalytic ultrasonic reactor again; Under the combined action of light and ultrasound, the degradation of organic pollutants is accelerated by using platinum-loaded titanium dioxide nanomaterials, and the residual organic matter is further removed by activated carbon adsorption and filtration; The effects of photocatalytic active nanomaterials and ultrasonic synergistic effect on the degradation of organic pollutants were quantified, and the photocatalytic ultrasonic synergistic effect model expression was constructed as follows: R ed =R be ·(1+a·b cat ·b us ·exp(-δt)); Among them, R ed is the enhanced degradation rate, R be is the basic degradation rate, α is the photocatalytic enhancement factor, β cat is the photocatalytic activity factor, β us is the ultrasonic enhancement factor, and δ is the attenuation constant.

7. The water purification method for a nuclear power secondary circuit as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The intelligent monitoring and analysis system is used to monitor the changes in the water quality parameters of the secondary circuit in real time, and the machine learning algorithm is used to predict the trend of the water quality changes in the secondary circuit. The operating parameters of the electrochemical reactor are adjusted according to the monitoring results until the water quality of the secondary circuit reaches the expected standard. The specific steps are as follows: Continuously monitor water quality parameters through integrated online sensors and aggregate real-time and historical water quality data; Using machine learning algorithms, based on real-time water quality data, the future water quality status is predicted and the treatment efficiency is evaluated as follows: in, represents the predicted future water quality state, X represents the input feature vector, f″ represents the machine learning model, and θ represents the model parameters; Automatically adjust the operating parameters of the electrochemical reactor based on the prediction results of future water quality status; Monitor the water quality effects after adjustment, feed back to the prediction model, and optimize subsequent parameter adjustments; Dynamically adjust pollutant safety threshold θ according to water quality changes P , ensuring that water quality meets standards.

8. A water purification system for a nuclear power secondary circuit, based on the water purification method for a nuclear power secondary circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: Including online fluorescent quantum dot sensor module, real-time water quality early warning monitoring module, electrochemical reactor module, electrochemical optimization treatment module, synergistic photoacoustic organic matter degradation module and intelligent monitoring module; The online fluorescent quantum dot sensor module is used to construct an online sensor using quantum dot materials with fluorescent response characteristics; The real-time water quality early warning monitoring module is used to integrate the online sensor into the real-time secondary circuit water quality early warning monitoring system to monitor the type and concentration of pollutants in the secondary circuit water quality in real time; The electrochemical reactor module is used to select a corresponding electrochemical reactor and electrode materials based on the type and concentration of pollutants monitored, and assemble the electrochemical reactor; The electrochemical optimization treatment module is used to connect the electrochemical reactor to the secondary circuit water purification system, adjust the current and voltage to the optimal treatment conditions, and degrade the inorganic pollutants in the secondary circuit water; The synergistic photoacoustic organic matter degradation module is used to combine the synergistic effect of photocatalytically active nanomaterials and ultrasound to perform secondary treatment on the water quality of the secondary circuit of the electric circuit, and degrade organic pollutants that cannot be treated in the electrochemical reactor; The intelligent monitoring module is used to monitor the changes in water quality parameters of the secondary circuit in real time through an intelligent monitoring and analysis system, predict the trend of water quality changes in the secondary circuit using a machine learning algorithm, and adjust the operating parameters of the electrochemical reactor according to the monitoring results until the water quality of the secondary circuit reaches the expected standard.

9. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, wherein: When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the water purification method for a nuclear power secondary circuit as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the water purification method for a nuclear power secondary circuit as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

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