A cooling structure that can automatically control the amount of cold air used according to temperature distribution

Abstract

The present application provides a cooling structure that can automatically control the amount of cold air used according to the temperature distribution, including: a supporting structure, the supporting structure is a plate-shaped structure, one side of which is provided with limiting ribs with a protruding surface, the limiting ribs surround and form a predetermined shape, and basic cooling holes and over-temperature cooling holes are distributed within the predetermined shape; a temperature sensing structure, which includes an elastic supporting body whose shape is adapted to the predetermined shape, the elastic supporting body is a plate-shaped structure, a flow-limiting cooling hole is provided at a position adapted to the basic cooling hole on the elastic supporting body, and a cooling valve is provided at a position adapted to the over-temperature cold air hole, one or more deformation holes are provided on the elastic supporting body between the flow-limiting cooling hole and the cooling valve, and a deformation structure that changes with increasing or decreasing temperature is provided in the deformation hole, and the deformation hole can be deformed by the deformation structure to control the flow-limiting cooling hole to move in a specified direction, thereby controlling the flow area between the flow-limiting cooling hole and the basic cooling hole.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of aircraft engines or gas turbines, and in particular relates to a cooling structure that can automatically control the amount of cold air used according to temperature distribution. Background Art

[0002] Most hot-end components (such as turbine blades) in aircraft engines and gas turbines require varying degrees of cooling. The quality of the cooling structure design has a decisive impact on key indicators such as engine performance, lifespan, and maintainability. As the temperature at the engine combustion chamber outlet gradually increases, the amount of cooling air required for the hot-end components also gradually increases, and the temperature distribution differences between different states become increasingly larger. Aircraft engines and gas turbines are complex systems. Different states, different throttle lever angles, and different weather conditions will cause the internal temperature field distribution of aircraft engines and gas turbines to vary significantly. Even if the state, throttle lever angle, and weather conditions of aircraft engines and gas turbines are exactly the same, the temperature field distribution within the engine will still show random variations.

[0003] On the other hand, if aircraft engines and gas turbines continue to use more cooling air when the temperature is low, it will cause unnecessary efficiency reduction, which is not conducive to the economy of aircraft engines and gas turbines and weakens the endurance of aircraft engines.

[0004] Therefore, a device or structure is needed that can automatically adjust the amount of cooling air according to the different temperature distributions of the engine, increase the amount of cooling air when the temperature is high, and reduce the amount of cooling air when the temperature is low. At the same time, by increasing the local cooling air usage, the structural damage caused by overheating in high-temperature areas can be reduced, and the cooling air usage can be reduced in low-temperature areas, so that the engine can automatically match the cooling air usage according to the local temperature conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a cooling structure that can automatically control the amount of cold air used according to temperature distribution, so as to solve or alleviate at least one problem in the background technology.

[0006] The technical solution of the present application is: a cooling structure that can automatically control the amount of cold air used according to temperature distribution, comprising:

[0007] The support structure is a plate-like structure, and one side of the support structure is provided with limiting ribs protruding from the surface, the limiting ribs surround and form a predetermined shape, and basic cooling holes and super-temperature cooling holes are distributed within the predetermined shape;

[0008] A temperature sensing structure, wherein the temperature sensing structure includes an elastic support body whose shape is adapted to the predetermined shape, the elastic support body is a plate-like structure, a flow-limiting cooling hole is provided at a position on the elastic support body that is adapted to the basic cooling hole, and a cooling valve is provided at a position that is adapted to the over-temperature cold air hole, one or more deformation holes are provided on the elastic support body between the flow-limiting cooling hole and the cooling valve, and a deformation structure that changes with increasing or decreasing temperature is provided in the deformation hole. The deformation structure can cause the deformation hole to deform, and the flow-limiting cooling hole is controlled to move in a specified direction, thereby controlling the flow area between the flow-limiting cooling hole and the basic cooling hole.

[0009] In an optional embodiment of the present application, the predetermined shape is a cross, the basic cooling holes are distributed at the four ends of the cross, and the super-temperature cooling holes are arranged at the center of the cross.

[0010] In an optional embodiment of the present application, the elastic support body is in the shape of a cross, the flow-limiting cooling holes are arranged at the four ends of the cross-shaped elastic support body, and the cooling valve is arranged at the center of the cross-shaped elastic support body.

[0011] In an optional embodiment of the present application, the shape of the flow-limiting cooling hole is the same as the shape of the basic cooling hole, and the area of ​​the flow-limiting cooling hole is not less than the area of ​​the basic cooling hole;

[0012] The opening area of ​​the cooling valve is not less than the area of ​​the over-temperature cooling air hole.

[0013] In an optional embodiment of the present application, the cooling valve is made of titanium-nickel memory alloy, and is opened at high temperature and closed at low temperature.

[0014] In an optional embodiment of the present application, the outer periphery of the cooling valve is set as a welding position, and the temperature sensing structure is welded to the supporting structure through the welding position to achieve relative fixation of the temperature sensing structure and the supporting structure.

[0015] In an optional embodiment of the present application, the deformable structure is an airbag, which is a structure filled with gas in a closed structure. When the gas expands in a high-temperature environment, the airbag deforms.

[0016] The cooling structure provided in this application, which automatically controls cooling air usage based on temperature distribution, can reduce cooling air usage in aircraft engines and gas turbines at lower temperatures, thereby improving efficiency, reducing fuel consumption, enhancing economy, and increasing aircraft endurance. Furthermore, the cooling structure can mitigate structural damage caused by localized overheating in high-temperature areas while simultaneously reducing cooling air usage in low-temperature areas, enabling the engine to automatically optimize cooling air usage based on local temperature conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions provided by this application, the following is a brief introduction to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the support structure of this application.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the temperature sensing structure of this application.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cooling structure of this application in low-temperature working state.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the normal operating temperature state of the cooling structure of this application.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the over-temperature working state of the cooling structure of this application.

[0023] Reference numerals:

[0024] 1-Support structure

[0025] 11-Limiting ribs

[0026] 12-Basic cooling holes

[0027] 13-Overtemperature cooling hole

[0028] 2-Temperature sensing structure

[0029] 21-Elastic support body

[0030] 22-Limited cooling hole

[0031] 23-Deformation structure

[0032] 24-Cooling valve

[0033] 25-Welding position

[0034] 3-Hot end components DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the implementation of this application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be described in more detail below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of this application.

[0036] In response to the problem that the use of cold air in the hot end components of current aircraft engines and gas turbines cannot be automatically adjusted with local temperature changes, the present application provides a cooling structure that can automatically control the amount of cold air used according to the engine temperature distribution.

[0037] The cooling structure provided in the present application, which can automatically control the amount of cold air used according to the temperature distribution, includes: a support structure 1 and a temperature sensing structure 2.

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, support structure 1 is a sheet metal structure that can be configured into a circular, square, or rectangular shape depending on its location, such as the shape of a pipe or engine casing. Positioning ribs 11 are provided on one side of support structure 1. These ribs 11 are raised structures protruding from the sheet metal of the support structure and form a predetermined shape around that side of support structure 1. In this embodiment of the present application, the position-limiting ribs 11 form a cross-shaped structure around that side of support structure 1.

[0039] A basic cooling hole 12 and an over-temperature cooling hole 13 are provided on the support structure 1 at a designated position within a predetermined shape surrounded by the limiting ribs 11, and penetrate the support structure 1. The basic cooling hole 12 and the over-temperature cooling hole 13 constitute cold air passage holes for cooling the hot end components.

[0040] In this embodiment of the present application, the basic cooling holes 12 are distributed at the four ends of the cross formed by the limiting ribs 11, and the super-temperature cooling holes 13 are arranged in the central part of the cross formed by the limiting ribs 11.

[0041] like Figure 2 As shown, the temperature sensing structure 2 includes an elastic support body 21 of a predetermined shape formed by the shape-adaptive limiting ribs 11. That is, in this embodiment of the present application, the elastic support body 21 is in the shape of a cross. The elastic support body 21 is a plate structure and can be made of an elastic metal material, such as spring steel.

[0042] Flow-limiting cooling holes 22 are provided on the elastic support body 21 at positions corresponding to the basic cooling holes 12, and a cooling valve 24 is provided at positions corresponding to the over-temperature cooling holes 13. For example, in this embodiment of the present application, the flow-limiting cooling holes 22 are provided at the four ends of the cross-shaped elastic support body 21, and the cooling valve 24 is provided at the center of the cross-shaped elastic support body 21.

[0043] The cooling valve 24 can be formed on the elastic support body 21 by processing, or the cooling valve 24 can be a separate component, which is fixedly connected to the elastic support body 21 by welding or other methods. In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the cooling valve 24 is made of a titanium-nickel memory alloy, so that the cooling valve 24 has the function of opening at high temperature and closing at low temperature.

[0044] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the shape of the flow-limiting cooling hole 22 is the same as that of the basic cooling hole 12, and the area of ​​the flow-limiting cooling hole 22 is not less than that of the basic cooling hole 12. Furthermore, the opening area of ​​the cooling valve 24 is not less than that of the over-temperature cooling air hole 13, so that when the flow-limiting cooling hole 22 and the cooling valve 24 are fully opened, they do not affect the cold air flow of the corresponding basic cooling hole 12 and over-temperature cooling air hole 13.

[0045] One or more deformation holes are provided on the elastic support body 21 between the flow-limiting cooling hole 22 and the cooling valve 24. Within each deformation hole is a deformation structure 23 that changes with increasing or decreasing temperature. The deformation of the deformation structure 23 causes the deformation hole to deform, thereby controlling the movement of the flow-limiting cooling hole 22 at the end in a specified direction. In some embodiments of the present application, the deformation structure 23 is an airbag, a closed structure filled with gas. The gas expands in a high-temperature environment, causing the airbag to deform.

[0046] The outer periphery of the cooling valve 24 is provided with welding positions 25 , and the temperature sensing structure 2 is welded to the supporting structure 1 through the welding positions 25 , thereby achieving relative fixation between the temperature sensing structure 2 and the supporting structure 1 .

[0047] The working process of the cooling structure of the present application that can automatically control the amount of cold air used according to the temperature distribution is as follows:

[0048] 1) Low temperature state

[0049] like Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the cooling structure in a low-temperature state (quarter cross-section view). When the hot end component 3 is in a relatively low temperature state, the cooling valve 24 is in a closed state. Due to the low temperature, according to the ideal gas state equation pV=nRT (wherein: p is pressure, V is gas volume, T is temperature, n is the amount of gas substance, and R is the molar gas constant), the temperature drops and the pressure decreases. The deformable structure 23 is compressed by the elastic support body 21 until the pressure of the deformable structure 23 and the elastic support body 21 are balanced again. The temperature sensing structure 2 is in a contracted state, and the flow-limiting cold air hole 22 is largely misaligned with the basic cold air hole 12, thereby achieving the effect of controlling less cold air passing through the basic cold air hole 12.

[0050] 2) Normal operating temperature

[0051] like Figure 4Schematic diagram of the cooling structure at normal temperature (quarter cross-section). When the hot end component 3 is at normal operating temperature, the cooling valve 24 is in a closed state. As the operating temperature rises, according to the ideal gas state equation pV=nRT, the pressure increases as the temperature rises, and the deformation structure 23 pushes the elastic support body 21 to stretch until the pressure of the deformation structure 23 and the elastic force of the elastic support body 21 reach equilibrium again. The temperature sensing structure 2 is in an intermediate state. The misalignment between the flow-limiting cold air hole 22 and the basic cold air hole 12 will change according to the elongation of the elastic support body 21 pushed by the deformation structure 23. The elongation of the elastic support body 21 pushed by the deformation structure 23 changes with the temperature: as the temperature rises, the elongation of the elastic support body 21 increases and the misalignment decreases; as the temperature decreases, the elongation of the elastic support body 21 decreases and the misalignment increases. The effect of controlling the flow of cold air through the basic cold air hole 12 according to the local temperature is achieved by changing the size of the misalignment.

[0052] 3) Overtemperature state

[0053] like Figure 5 The schematic diagram of the over-temperature state of the cooling structure shown (quarter cross-sectional view) is that when the hot end component 3 is in the over-temperature state, the temperature at the cooling valve 24 exceeds the phase transition temperature of the titanium-nickel memory alloy, and the cooling valve 24 opens. Due to the high temperature, according to the ideal gas state equation pV=nRT, the temperature rises and the pressure increases, and the deformation structure 23 pushes the elastic support body 21 to stretch until the temperature sensing structure 2 contacts the limiting ribs 11 on the support structure 1. The temperature sensing structure 2 is in the maximum tensile state, and the flow-limiting cold air hole 22 and the basic cold air hole 12 have no misalignment, thereby achieving the effect of controlling the maximum amount of cold air to pass through the basic cold air hole 12. At this time, the amount of cold air passing through the basic cold air hole 12 and the cooling valve 24 reaches the maximum, achieving the effect of protecting the hot end component 3.

[0054] The cooling structure provided in this application, which automatically controls cooling air usage based on temperature distribution, can reduce cooling air usage in aircraft engines and gas turbines at lower temperatures, thereby improving efficiency, reducing fuel consumption, enhancing economy, and increasing aircraft endurance. Furthermore, the cooling structure can mitigate structural damage caused by localized overheating in high-temperature areas while simultaneously reducing cooling air usage in low-temperature areas, enabling the engine to automatically optimize cooling air usage based on local temperature conditions.

[0055] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A cooling structure that can automatically control the amount of cold air used according to temperature distribution, characterized in that: include: A support structure (1), wherein the support structure (1) is a plate-like structure, and a limiting rib (11) protruding from a surface is provided on one side of the support structure (1), wherein the limiting rib (11) surrounds and forms a predetermined shape, and basic cooling holes (12) and super-temperature cooling holes (13) are distributed within the predetermined shape; A temperature sensing structure (2) includes an elastic support body (21) whose shape is adapted to the predetermined shape, the elastic support body (21) is a plate-like structure, a flow-limiting cooling hole (22) is provided at a position adapted to the basic cooling hole (12) on the elastic support body (21), and a cooling valve (24) is provided at a position adapted to the over-temperature cold air hole (13), one or more deformation holes are provided on the elastic support body (21) between the flow-limiting cooling hole (22) and the cooling valve (24), and a deformation structure (23) that changes with temperature increase or decrease is provided in the deformation hole, and the deformation structure (23) can cause the deformation hole to deform and control the flow-limiting cooling hole (22) to move in a specified direction, thereby controlling the flow area between the flow-limiting cooling hole (22) and the basic cooling hole (12).

2. The cooling structure capable of automatically controlling the amount of cold air used according to temperature distribution according to claim 1, characterized in that: The predetermined shape is a cross, the basic cooling holes (12) are distributed at the four ends of the cross, and the super-temperature cooling hole (13) is arranged at the center of the cross.

3. The cooling structure capable of automatically controlling the amount of cooling air according to temperature distribution according to claim 2, characterized in that: The elastic support body (21) is in a cross shape, the flow-limiting cooling holes (22) are arranged at the four ends of the cross-shaped elastic support body (21), and the cooling valve (24) is arranged at the center of the cross-shaped elastic support body (21).

4. The cooling structure capable of automatically controlling the amount of cold air used according to temperature distribution according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The shape of the flow-limiting cooling hole (22) is the same as that of the basic cooling hole (12), and the area of ​​the flow-limiting cooling hole (22) is not less than the area of ​​the basic cooling hole (12); The opening area of ​​the cooling valve (24) is not less than the area of ​​the over-temperature cooling air hole (13).

5. The cooling structure capable of automatically controlling the amount of cold air used according to temperature distribution according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cooling valve (24) is made of titanium-nickel memory alloy and is opened at high temperature and closed at low temperature.

6. The cooling structure capable of automatically controlling the amount of cooling air according to temperature distribution according to claim 5, characterized in that: The outer periphery of the cooling valve (24) is provided with a welding position (25), and the temperature sensing structure (2) is welded to the supporting structure (1) via the welding position (25), thereby achieving relative fixation of the temperature sensing structure (2) and the supporting structure (1).

7. The cooling structure capable of automatically controlling the amount of cooling air according to temperature distribution according to claim 1, wherein: The deformation structure (23) is an airbag, which is a structure filled with gas in a closed structure. When the gas expands in a high-temperature environment, the airbag deforms.

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