A solar simulator for testing the performance of a solar photovoltaic charging system

Abstract

The present invention discloses a solar simulator for testing the performance of a solar photovoltaic charging system, which belongs to the technical field of optical instrument design, and includes a solar irradiance data acquisition system and an adjustable irradiance solar simulation system. The solar irradiance data acquisition system and the adjustable irradiance solar simulation system are connected to a computer via a single-chip microcomputer and a USB to serial port. The solar irradiance data acquisition system includes a solar collection light tube and a solar tracking light tube, and the adjustable irradiance solar simulator includes a condenser, an optical integrator, and a dimming board. The present invention adopts the above-mentioned solar simulator for testing the performance of a solar photovoltaic charging system, and uses the collected solar irradiance data to control the irradiance output of the solar simulator to achieve simulation of solar irradiance in a real environment, which can greatly reduce the test error, thereby accurately guiding the optimization of the solar photovoltaic charging system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of optical instrument design, in particular to a solar simulator for performance testing of a solar photovoltaic charging system. Background Art

[0002] As an important experimental device for simulating solar radiation characteristics indoors, solar simulators have been widely used in aerospace, photovoltaic and solar energy fields.

[0003] Before a solar photovoltaic charging system is put into use, it is necessary to use a solar simulator to test its performance and verify whether its charging parameters are consistent with the calibration values. However, existing solar simulators can only output a specific irradiance or their irradiance can only vary within a specific range, which will lead to errors in the test of the solar charging system. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a solar simulator for testing the performance of a solar photovoltaic charging system. The collected solar irradiance data is used to control the irradiance output of the solar simulator to simulate the solar irradiance in a real environment, which can greatly reduce the test error and thus accurately guide the optimization of the solar photovoltaic charging system.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a solar simulator for testing the performance of a solar photovoltaic charging system, comprising a solar irradiance data acquisition system and an adjustable irradiance solar simulation system, wherein the solar irradiance data acquisition system and the adjustable irradiance solar simulation system are connected to a computer via a single-chip microcomputer and a USB to serial port, the solar irradiance data acquisition system comprises a solar collection light tube and a solar tracking light tube, and the adjustable irradiance solar simulator comprises a condenser, an optical integrator and a dimming plate.

[0006] Preferably, a four-quadrant sensor is provided in the sun tracking light tube, and the four-quadrant sensor is connected to the single-chip microcomputer through an ADC module, and the single-chip microcomputer model is STM32.

[0007] Preferably, the solar light collecting tube is connected to the spectrometer via an optical fiber.

[0008] Preferably, the dimming plates are connected via ball bearings, the dimming plate is connected to the dimming plate motor, the sun tracking light tube is connected to the light tube motor, and the single chip microcomputer outputs a PWM waveform via GPIO to control the light tube motor and the dimming plate motor.

[0009] Preferably, the radius of the dimming plate is R, and a shielding area is left in the middle of the dimming plate, and the radius of the shielding area is R c, the dimming board is evenly distributed with light holes, the central angle of a single light hole is θ, and the central angle of the interval between adjacent light holes is θ', then the number of light holes on each dimming board is:

[0010] k=2π / (θ+θ')

[0011] The inner diameter of the aperture sector ring is:

[0012] R d =R c +(d-1)(r h +l)

[0013] The outer diameter of the aperture fan ring is:

[0014] L d =R d +r h

[0015] The area of ​​the light hole is:

[0016]

[0017] Among them, d is the ring number, r h is the radial width of the light-through hole, and l is the interval between adjacent light-through holes in the radial direction;

[0018] Adjust the rotation angle of each dimming plate, the central angle α of the shading area changes between 0-θ, and the transmittance on a single dimming plate is The transmittance of all dimming panels is:

[0019]

[0020] is the average irradiance on the receiving surface, is the average irradiance of the dth aperture, R max is the receiving surface radius.

[0021] Preferably, the four photodiodes in the four-quadrant sensor generate different current signals under the action of sunlight spots of different sizes in the four quadrants, and the center offset of the light spot is calculated in the operation circuit as shown below:

[0022] V x =KP(AB-C+D)

[0023] V y =KP(A+BCD)

[0024] Among them, K is the system parameter, P is the total power of the light spot, and A, B, C, and D are the percentages of the light spot area in each quadrant.

[0025] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned solar simulator for testing the performance of a solar photovoltaic charging system, and uses the collected solar irradiance data to control the irradiance output of the solar simulator to achieve simulation of the solar irradiance in a real environment, which can greatly reduce the test error and thus accurately guide the optimization of the solar photovoltaic charging system.

[0026] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of a solar simulator for performance testing of a solar photovoltaic charging system according to the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a working principle diagram of a four-quadrant sensor of a solar simulator embodiment for performance testing of a solar photovoltaic charging system of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 It is a light path diagram of a solar light collecting tube of a solar simulator embodiment for testing the performance of a solar photovoltaic charging system of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the distribution of light holes of a dimming plate of a solar simulator embodiment for performance testing of a solar photovoltaic charging system of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 The present invention is a system principle block diagram of a solar simulator embodiment for testing the performance of a solar photovoltaic charging system.

[0032] Reference numerals

[0033] 1. Dimming board; 2. Four-quadrant sensor; 3. Sun tracking light tube; 4. Sun collecting light tube; 5. Optical fiber; 6. Spectrometer; 7. Light tube motor; 8. Dimming board motor; 9. Single chip microcomputer; 10. USB to serial port; 11. Aperture; 12. Focusing lens; 13. Collimating lens. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0035] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present invention should be understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs. The words "first", "second" and similar words used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "Include" or "comprise" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. "Connect" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0036] Embodiment 1

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a solar simulator for testing the performance of a solar photovoltaic charging system, including a solar irradiance data acquisition system and an adjustable irradiance solar simulation system. The solar irradiance data acquisition system and the adjustable irradiance solar simulation system communicate with a computer through a single-chip microcomputer 9 and a USB to serial port 10 to achieve information transmission.

[0038] The solar irradiance data acquisition system includes a solar collection light tube 4 and a solar tracking light tube 3. A four-quadrant sensor 2 is arranged in the solar tracking light tube 3. The four-quadrant sensor 2 transmits data to a single-chip microcomputer 9 through an ADC module. The model of the single-chip microcomputer 9 is STM32.

[0039] like Figure 2 As shown, the four photodiodes in the four-quadrant sensor 2 generate different current signals under the action of sunlight spots of different sizes in the four quadrants, and the center offset of the light spot is calculated in the operation circuit as shown below:

[0040] V x =KP(AB-C+D)

[0041] V y =KP(A+BCD)

[0042] Among them, K is the system parameter, P is the total power of the light spot, and A, B, C, and D are the percentages of the light spot area in each quadrant.

[0043] The four-quadrant sensor 2 sends the calculation result of the operation circuit to the single-chip microcomputer 9, and the single-chip microcomputer 9 controls the movement of the light tube motor 7.

[0044] The sun light collecting tube 4 is connected to the spectrometer via an optical fiber. Figure 3As shown, in order to prevent the lens from being damaged by strong sunlight, two apertures 11 are set in front of the lens of the internal optical path of the solar collecting light tube 4 to limit the light flux and the receiving field of view. The light is then focused into a smaller aperture by a focusing lens 12, and then collimated and output to the optical fiber 5 after passing through a collimating lens 13. The optical fiber 5 is connected to a spectrometer 6 to display the irradiation data, and finally the data is transmitted to a computer.

[0045] The adjustable irradiance solar simulator includes a condenser, an optical integrator and a dimming board 1, wherein the dimming board 1 is located between the condenser and the optical integrator. The dimming boards 1 are connected by balls, the dimming board 1 is connected to the dimming board motor 8, the sun tracking light cylinder 3 is connected to the light cylinder motor 7, and the single chip computer 9 outputs a PWM waveform through GPIO to control the light cylinder motor 7 and the dimming board motor 8, thereby driving the sun tracking light cylinder 3 and the dimming board 1 to move.

[0046] like Figure 4 As shown, the radius of the dimming plate 1 is R, and a radius of R is left in the middle. c The central angle of a single light hole is θ, and the central angle of the interval between adjacent light holes is θ'. Then the number of light holes on each dimming board 1 is:

[0047] k=2π / (θ+θ')

[0048] The inner diameter of the aperture sector ring is:

[0049] R d =R c +(d-1)(r h +l)

[0050] The outer diameter of the aperture fan ring is:

[0051] L d =R d +r h

[0052] The area of ​​the light hole is:

[0053]

[0054] Among them, d is the ring number, r h is the radial width of the light-through hole, and l is the interval between adjacent light-through holes in the radial direction;

[0055] By adjusting the rotation angle of each dimming plate 1, the central angle α of the shielding area changes between 0-θ, and the transmittance on a single dimming plate 1 is The transmittance of all dimming panels 1 is:

[0056]

[0057] is the average irradiance on the receiving surface, is the average irradiance of the dth aperture, R max is the receiving surface radius.

[0058] The actual parameters of the dimming panel 1 of this embodiment are shown in Table 1.

[0059] Table 1 Actual parameters of dimming board

[0060] R <![CDATA[R c ]]> k θ / (°) θ' / (°) <![CDATA[r h / mm]]> l / mm 40 5 6 40° 20° 4 2

[0061] like Figure 5 The system principle block diagram of a solar simulator for performance test of a solar photovoltaic charging system is shown. As can be seen from the figure, the sunlight collected by the solar light collecting tube 4 is output to the optical fiber 5, and the optical fiber 5 is connected to the spectrometer 6 to display the irradiation data. The spectrometer 6 transmits the irradiation data to the single-chip microcomputer 9 through the USART module. The single-chip microcomputer 9 sends a PWM waveform through the GPIO module to control the light tube motor 7 to drive the sun tracking light tube 3 to move with the center offset of the light spot calculated by the four-quadrant sensor 2.

[0062] The optical integrator is used as the receiving surface of the light output by the dimming board 1. The relationship between the transmittance of the dimming board 1 and the rotation angle of the dimming board 1 is calculated according to the irradiance on the receiving surface and written into the program of the single-chip microcomputer 9. The transmittance is input on the computer and sent to the single-chip microcomputer 9 through the USB to serial port. The single-chip microcomputer 9 drives the dimming board motor 8 to drive the dimming board 1 to rotate the corresponding angle. By changing the rotation angle of the dimming board 1, different light-transmitting areas are achieved, thereby adjusting the output irradiance.

[0063] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned solar simulator for testing the performance of a solar photovoltaic charging system, and uses the collected solar irradiance data to control the irradiance output of the solar simulator to achieve simulation of the solar irradiance in a real environment, which can greatly reduce the test error and thus accurately guide the optimization of the solar photovoltaic charging system.

[0064] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solution of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solar simulator for testing the performance of a solar photovoltaic charging system, characterized in that: It includes a solar irradiance data acquisition system and an adjustable irradiance solar simulation system, wherein the solar irradiance data acquisition system and the adjustable irradiance solar simulation system are connected to a computer via a single-chip microcomputer and a USB-to-serial port, the solar irradiance data acquisition system includes a solar collection light cylinder and a solar tracking light cylinder, and the adjustable irradiance solar simulation system includes a condenser, an optical integrator and a dimming plate; A four-quadrant sensor is provided in the sun tracking light tube, and the four-quadrant sensor is connected to the single-chip microcomputer through an ADC module, and the single-chip microcomputer model is STM32; The four photodiodes in the four-quadrant sensor generate different current signals under the action of sunlight spots of different sizes in the four quadrants, and the center offset of the light spot is calculated in the operation circuit as shown below: V x =KP(A-B-C+D) V y =KP(A+B-C-D) Among them, K is the system parameter, P is the total power of the spot, and A, B, C, and D are the percentages of the spot area in each quadrant; The solar light collecting cylinder is connected to the spectrometer via an optical fiber; The dimming plates are connected by balls, the dimming plate is connected to the dimming plate motor, the sun tracking light tube is connected to the light tube motor, and the single chip microcomputer outputs PWM waveforms through GPIO to control the light tube motor and the dimming plate motor; The radius of the dimming plate is R, and a blocking area is left in the middle of the dimming plate, and the radius of the blocking area is R c , the dimming board is evenly distributed with light holes, the central angle of a single light hole is θ, and the central angle of the interval between adjacent light holes is θ', then the number of light holes on each dimming board is: k=2π / (θ+θ') The inner diameter of the aperture sector ring is: R d =R c +(d-1)(r h +l) The outer diameter of the aperture fan ring is: L d =R d +r h The area of ​​the light hole is: Among them, d is the ring number, r h is the radial width of the light-through hole, and l is the interval between adjacent light-through holes in the radial direction; Adjust the rotation angle of each dimming plate, the central angle α of the shading area changes between 0-θ, and the transmittance on a single dimming plate is The transmittance of all dimming panels is: is the average irradiance on the receiving surface, is the average irradiance of the dth aperture, R max is the receiving surface radius.

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