Optical waveguide diffraction efficiency optimization method and system based on adaptive algorithm

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of optical waveguides, and in particular to an optical waveguide diffraction efficiency optimization method and system based on an adaptive algorithm. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining real-time parameters of an environment in which an optical waveguide is located; establishing a mathematical model between the optical waveguide diffraction efficiency, environmental parameters and diffraction grating parameters based on the real-time parameters; determining optimal parameters of the diffraction grating through an adaptive algorithm according to the mathematical model; adjusting the diffraction grating of the optical waveguide based on the optimal parameters to optimize the optical waveguide diffraction efficiency, respond to environmental changes in real time, and always maintain high diffraction efficiency and transmittance; achieving optimal performance through precise models and advanced algorithms; adapting to various complex and changeable environmental conditions, and broadening the application range of the optical waveguide.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of optical waveguide technology, and specifically to an optical waveguide diffraction efficiency optimization method and system based on an adaptive algorithm, which is particularly suitable for application scenarios requiring real-time adjustment of optical waveguide performance, such as Bluetooth smart AR glasses. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of optical communication, optical display and other technologies, the performance optimization of optical waveguide as a key optical component has become extremely important. In the prior art, the following methods are usually used to optimize the diffraction efficiency of optical waveguides:

[0003] a) Use fixed design parameters; b) Select from a limited number of preset parameter combinations; c) Preset several groups of specific diffraction grating parameters (such as period and depth combination) and switch according to different application scenarios. However, these existing technologies have the following problems or shortcomings:

[0004] 1. Lack of real-time adaptability. It is impossible to adjust the parameters of the diffraction grating in real time according to the real-time changes in the environment in which the optical waveguide is located, resulting in a decrease in diffraction efficiency and transmittance when the environment changes.

[0005] 2. Insufficient accuracy and efficiency: The preset limited parameter combinations cannot achieve the optimal diffraction efficiency and are difficult to meet the increasingly high performance requirements.

[0006] 3. Poor flexibility: It cannot flexibly respond to complex and changing environmental conditions, which limits the application of optical waveguides in various scenarios. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems existing in the prior art and to provide a method and system that can optimize the diffraction efficiency of optical waveguides in real time, accurately and flexibly, so as to maintain high light transmittance and adapt to various complex environments.

[0008] The present invention provides an optical waveguide diffraction efficiency optimization method based on an adaptive algorithm, comprising the following steps: obtaining real-time parameters of an environment in which an optical waveguide is located; establishing a mathematical model between the optical waveguide diffraction efficiency, environmental parameters and diffraction grating parameters based on the real-time parameters; determining the optimal parameters of the diffraction grating through an adaptive algorithm according to the mathematical model; and adjusting the diffraction grating of the optical waveguide based on the optimal parameters to achieve optimization of the optical waveguide diffraction efficiency.

[0009] Specifically, the step of obtaining the real-time parameters of the environment in which the optical waveguide is located includes: collecting the environmental parameters in real time through high-precision sensors distributed at key positions of the optical waveguide; obtaining the voltage value of the environmental parameter through ADC sampling; and determining one or more parameters among temperature, humidity, light intensity and electromagnetic interference based on the voltage value.

[0010] Specifically, the step of establishing a mathematical model includes:

[0011] Establish diffraction efficiency η, diffraction order m, and environmental parameter θ e and the relationship between the relative microstructure height factor ε:

[0012] η(m,θ e ,ε)=sinc(λπmd(θ e ,ε)n(θ e ))

[0013] Where λ is the wavelength of light, d is the height of the microstructure, and n is the refractive index.

[0014] Specifically, it further includes:

[0015] Determine the microstructure height d and environmental parameter θ e And the relationship between the relative microstructure height factor ε:

[0016] d(θ e ,ε)=d0(1+ε)(1+α g (θ e -θ0))

[0017] Among them, d0 is the microstructure height under the reference environment, θ0 is the reference environment parameter, α g is the coefficient of thermal expansion.

[0018] Specifically, determine the refractive index n and the environmental parameter θ e Relationship:

[0019] n(θ e )=n0+α n (θ e -θ0)

[0020] Where n0 is the refractive index under the reference environment, α n is the temperature coefficient of refractive index.

[0021] Specifically, the step of determining the optimal parameters of the diffraction grating by an adaptive algorithm includes:

[0022] Initialization parameters, including reference environment parameter θ0, reference microstructure height d0, reference refractive index n0, relative microstructure height factor ε, smoothing iteration factor μ and diffraction order m;

[0023] Calculate the diffraction efficiency η under reference environment th (m,θ0,0) is used as the adjustment standard;

[0024] Get the current environmental parameter sampling value θ′ e ; Update the current environment parameters through smooth iteration:

[0025] θ e (t) = μθ e (t-1)+(1-μ)θ e '

[0026] Where, t is the sampling time;

[0027] Based on the updated environmental parameters, calculate the current diffraction efficiency η(m,θ e (t),ε);

[0028] When η(m,θ e (t),ε)<η th When (m,θ0,0), ε is adjusted to optimize the diffraction efficiency.

[0029] Specifically, the step of adjusting ε is implemented by an iterative optimization algorithm, which includes:

[0030] Set the initial step size Δε and accuracy threshold δ;

[0031] Calculate the diffraction efficiency η(ε) under the current ε;

[0032] Calculate the diffraction efficiency η(ε+Δε) and eta(ε-Δε) under ε+Δε and ε-Δε;

[0033] According to the comparison results of η(ε), η(ε+Δε) and η(ε-Δε), the adjustment direction of ε is determined;

[0034] When |η(ε+Δε)-η(ε)|<δ and |η(ε-Δε)-η(ε)|<δ, the iteration ends; otherwise, update ε and return to step 2 to continue the iteration.

[0035] Specifically, the step of adjusting the diffraction grating of the optical waveguide includes: converting the determined optimal parameters into a control signal; and adjusting the period and / or depth of the diffraction grating by a precision driving device.

[0036] Specifically, it further includes: real-time monitoring of the adjusted diffraction efficiency; when the monitored diffraction efficiency is lower than a preset threshold, re-execute the step of obtaining the real-time parameters of the environment to form a closed-loop optimization process.

[0037] The optical waveguide diffraction efficiency optimization system based on adaptive algorithm includes:

[0038] A data acquisition module is used to obtain real-time parameters of the environment in which the optical waveguide is located; a model building module is used to establish a mathematical model between the optical waveguide diffraction efficiency and the environmental parameters and the diffraction grating parameters based on the real-time parameters; an algorithm module is used to determine the optimal parameters of the diffraction grating through an adaptive algorithm according to the mathematical model; a control module is used to adjust the diffraction grating of the optical waveguide based on the optimal parameters to optimize the diffraction efficiency of the optical waveguide; wherein the data acquisition module includes high-precision sensors and ADC sampling circuits distributed at key positions of the optical waveguide; the model building module and the algorithm module are integrated in the MCU; and the control module includes a signal conversion circuit and a precision drive device.

[0039] The beneficial effects of the present invention include:

[0040] 1. Significantly improve real-time adaptability: Able to respond to environmental changes in real time and always maintain high diffraction efficiency and transmittance.

[0041] 2. Significantly improve optimization accuracy and efficiency: achieve optimal performance through precise models and advanced algorithms.

[0042] 3. Enhanced flexibility and versatility: Adapting to various complex and changing environmental conditions, broadening the application scope of optical waveguides. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1 It is the overall logic block diagram of the system of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 2 The figure is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 3 Sub-flow chart for optimizing the ε value of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 4 It is the control circuit principle diagram of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] In order to further explain the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined invention purpose, the specific implementation methods, structures, features and effects thereof are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "another embodiment" does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, specific features, structures or characteristics in one or more embodiments may be combined in any suitable form.

[0048] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

[0049] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0050] Please refer to Figure 1-4 The present invention relates to a method and system for optimizing the diffraction efficiency of optical waveguides based on an adaptive algorithm, and is particularly suitable for optical waveguide display systems in Bluetooth smart AR glasses. In practical applications, AR glasses users may use the device under different environmental conditions, which requires the optical waveguide system to be able to adjust in real time to maintain the best display effect. To this end, the present invention proposes an innovative method and system that can adaptively optimize the diffraction efficiency of optical waveguides according to environmental changes.

[0051] Specifically, the method of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0052] Step S1: obtaining real-time parameters of the environment in which the optical waveguide is located.

[0053] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, this step is achieved by reasonably arranging multiple high-precision sensors on the AR glasses frame. For example, temperature sensors (such as PT100 platinum resistors), humidity sensors (such as HIH-4000 series), and light intensity sensors (such as TSL2561) can be installed around the lenses. These sensors collect data through a high-precision ADC (such as 24-bit ADS1256) integrated on the main control chip of the AR glasses, and the sampling frequency can be set at around 200Hz to ensure that rapid changes in the environment can be captured.

[0054] Preferably, in an embodiment of the present invention, the sensor M1 can be a comprehensive environmental sensor that can sense multiple environmental parameters at the same time. The sensor M1 is connected to the IO_ADC through a voltage-dividing resistor R2 to form a simple voltage sampling circuit. When environmental parameters (such as temperature, humidity, light intensity, etc.) change, the resistance value of the sensor M1 will change accordingly, causing the voltage value sampled by the IO_ADC to change. This design enables the system to obtain multiple environmental information at the same time with one sensor, simplifies the hardware structure, and improves the efficiency of data acquisition.

[0055] Step S2: Establishing a mathematical model between the optical waveguide diffraction efficiency, environmental parameters and diffraction grating parameters.

[0056] After obtaining the environmental parameters, the next step is to establish an accurate mathematical model. The present invention adopts a modeling method based on physical principles. First, based on the coupled wave theory, we establish the diffraction efficiency η and the environmental parameter θ e , the relationship between the diffraction order m and the relative microstructure height factor ε:

[0057] η(m,θ e ,ε)=sinc(λπmd(θ e ,ε)n(θe ))

[0058] Among them, λ is the wavelength of the incident light, d is the microstructure height of the grating, and n is the refractive index of the material. Further, considering the influence of temperature on material properties, we introduce the following relationship:

[0059] d(θ e ,ε)=d0(1+ε)(1+α g (θ e -θ0))

[0060] n(θ e )=n0+α n (θ e -θ0)

[0061] Here, d0 and n0 are the microstructure height and refractive index at the reference temperature θ0, respectively, and α g is the thermal expansion coefficient of the material, α n is the temperature coefficient of refractive index.

[0062] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, we select the following parameter values ​​as initial conditions: d0 = 500 nm, n0 = 1.5, θ0 = 25 ° C, α g =5×10 -6 / ℃,α n =-1×10 -4 / ℃. These parameter values ​​are selected based on the characteristics of common optical waveguide materials and may need to be fine-tuned according to the specific materials used in actual applications.

[0063] Step S3: Determine the optimal parameters of the diffraction grating by an adaptive algorithm.

[0064] Based on the mathematical model established above, the present invention designs an adaptive algorithm to determine the optimal diffraction grating parameters. The core idea of ​​the algorithm is to maximize the diffraction efficiency through iterative optimization. The specific steps are as follows:

[0065] 1. Initialization parameters: Set the initial environmental parameters θ0, reference microstructure height d0, reference refractive index n0, relative microstructure height factor ε, smoothing iteration factor μ and diffraction order m.

[0066] 2. Calculate the reference diffraction efficiency: η th =η(m,θ0,0). This value will be used as the benchmark for subsequent optimization.

[0067] 3. Main loop:

[0068] a) Sample the sensor M1 through IO_ADC to obtain the current environmental parameter sampling value θ′ e .

[0069] b) Update the environment parameters using a smooth iterative method:

[0070] θ e (t) = μθ e (t-1)+(1-μ)θ e '

[0071] Where μ is the smoothing iteration factor, which is usually around 0.9.

[0072] c) Based on the updated environmental parameters, calculate the current d(θ e (t),ε) and n(θ e (t)).

[0073] d) Calculate the diffraction efficiency under current conditions: η(m,θ e (t),ε).

[0074] e) If η(m,θ e (t),ε)<η th , then adjust ε to optimize the diffraction efficiency.

[0075] 4. ε optimization subroutine: Set the initial step size Δε and the accuracy threshold δ, and find the optimal ε value through iteration. The specific process includes calculating the diffraction efficiency under the current ε, ε+Δε and ε-Δε, and comparing these three values ​​to determine the adjustment direction of ε until the accuracy requirement is met or the maximum number of iterations is reached.

[0076] Step S4: adjusting the diffraction grating of the optical waveguide to optimize the diffraction efficiency of the optical waveguide.

[0077] After determining the optimal ε value, the present invention converts the theoretical parameters into actual physical adjustments through a control module. The control module receives the output of the algorithm module and accurately adjusts the parameters of the diffraction grating through a precision drive device.

[0078] Preferably, in one embodiment of the present invention, we use a piezoelectric driver (such as PIP-603) to adjust the diffraction grating depth. The driver has a resolution of 1nm and can accurately achieve nanometer-level adjustment. The control signal is sent from the MCU to the driver via the SPI interface to achieve real-time parameter adjustment.

[0079] In general, the present invention achieves continuous optimization of the diffraction efficiency of the optical waveguide by acquiring environmental parameters in real time, establishing an accurate mathematical model, optimizing using an adaptive algorithm, and realizing physical adjustments through precise control. This method is particularly suitable for use in scenarios such as Bluetooth smart AR glasses that require a stable display effect in a changing environment. Through this continuous optimization process, the present invention can ensure that AR glasses can provide a clear and stable visual experience under various environmental conditions.

[0080] It is suitable for use in scenarios such as Bluetooth smart AR glasses that need to maintain a stable display effect in a changing environment. Through this continuous optimization process, the present invention can ensure that AR glasses can provide a clear and stable visual experience under various environmental conditions.

[0081] In order to further illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is described in more detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be noted that the following embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0082] Embodiment 1:

[0083] In a specific Bluetooth smart AR glasses application, we used the following parameter settings:

[0084] 1. Sensor selection: Temperature sensor: PT100 platinum resistance, accuracy ±0.1℃; Humidity sensor: HIH-4000 series, accuracy ±2% RH; Light intensity sensor: TSL2561, dynamic range 0.1-40,000lux;

[0085] 2.ADC setting: Use 24-bit ADS1256, and set the sampling frequency to 200Hz;

[0086] 3. Mathematical model parameters: initial microstructure height d0 = 500 nm; initial refractive index n0 = 1.5; reference temperature θ0 = 25 °C; thermal expansion coefficient α g =5×10 -6 / ℃; refractive index temperature coefficient α n =-1×10 -4 / ℃;

[0087] 4. Adaptive algorithm parameters: smoothing iteration factor μ = 0.9; initial step size Δε = 0.01; accuracy threshold δ = 0.001; maximum number of iterations = 100;

[0088] 5. Control module: Use PIP-603 piezoelectric driver with a resolution of 1nm and a travel range of 100μm.

[0089] In actual testing, we simulated a scenario where a user walked from indoors (25°C, 50% RH, 500 lux) to outdoors (35°C, 30% RH, 100,000 lux). The system was able to complete parameter optimization in about 0.5 seconds, increasing the diffraction efficiency from the initial 85% to more than 95%, effectively improving the display effect of AR glasses under strong light.

[0090] Next, we describe the system of the present invention in detail:

[0091] The optical waveguide diffraction efficiency optimization system based on the adaptive algorithm of the present invention mainly includes the following modules:

[0092] Data acquisition module 1, which consists of high-precision sensors and ADC sampling circuits distributed at key positions of the optical waveguide. The sensors are used to collect environmental parameters in real time, such as temperature, humidity, light intensity, etc. The ADC sampling circuit is responsible for converting the analog signal of the sensor into a digital signal for subsequent processing.

[0093] Preferably, the present invention uses a comprehensive environmental sensor M1, which is connected to the IO_ADC port of the MCU through a voltage divider resistor R2. This design enables the system to simultaneously obtain multiple environmental information with a single sensor, simplifies the hardware structure, and improves the efficiency of data collection.

[0094] Model building module 2, which is integrated in the MCU, is responsible for building a mathematical model between the optical waveguide diffraction efficiency and the environmental parameters and diffraction grating parameters based on the collected environmental parameters. This model takes into account the influence of material properties and environmental factors on the microstructure height and refractive index, providing a theoretical basis for the subsequent optimization algorithm.

[0095] Algorithm module 3 is also integrated in the MCU. This module implements an adaptive algorithm to calculate the optimal diffraction grating parameters based on the established mathematical model and real-time environmental parameters. The algorithm uses an iterative optimization method to continuously adjust the relative microstructure height factor ε to find the parameter value that can maximize the diffraction efficiency.

[0096] The control module 4 is responsible for receiving the output of the algorithm module and converting the theoretical parameters into actual physical adjustments. It includes a signal conversion circuit and a precision drive device. The signal conversion circuit converts the digital signal output by the MCU into the analog signal required by the driver, and the precision drive device (such as a piezoelectric driver) accurately adjusts the diffraction grating according to the received signal.

[0097] MCU_CHIP2, as the core processing unit of the system, integrates the model building module and the algorithm module, and is connected to the data acquisition module through the IO_ADC interface and the control module through the control interface. MCU_CHIP2 is responsible for the coordination and control of the entire system to ensure the timeliness and accuracy of data transmission and processing between modules.

[0098] Please refer to Figure 4MCU_CHIP is the core processing unit of the system. It receives sensor signals through the IO_ADC interface and implements data processing, model calculation and algorithm execution internally. The sensor circuit includes a 3.3V power supply, a resistor R2 (a voltage divider or pull-up resistor), and a sensor M1 which is a comprehensive environmental sensor that can sense multiple environmental parameters at the same time. The control module 4 connects the MCU_CHIP and the optomechanical diffraction module and is responsible for converting the calculation results of the MCU into actual physical control signals. The optomechanical diffraction module is the execution unit of the system and adjusts the diffraction grating parameters (such as period, depth, etc.) according to the control signal.

[0099] Sensor M1 collects environmental data in real time and inputs it to MCU_CHIP through IO_ADC; MCU_CHIP calculates the optimal diffraction grating parameters based on the collected data combined with internal mathematical models and algorithms; control module 4 converts the calculation results of MCU_CHIP into physical control signals; the optical-mechanical diffraction module receives the control signals and adjusts the diffraction grating parameters in real time; the whole process forms a closed-loop system that can continuously monitor environmental changes and make real-time adjustments to maintain optimal diffraction efficiency.

[0100] Through the close cooperation of these modules, the system of the present invention can achieve real-time and accurate optimization of the diffraction efficiency of the optical waveguide. The workflow of the system can be summarized as: real-time data acquisition → model update → parameter optimization calculation → physical parameter adjustment, forming a closed-loop optimization process. This design enables the system to respond quickly to environmental changes and continuously maintain the optimal performance of the optical waveguide, thereby providing AR glasses users with a stable and clear visual experience.

[0101] In summary, the method and system provided by the present invention realize the intelligent optimization of the diffraction efficiency of optical waveguides by integrating advanced sensing technology, precise mathematical modeling and adaptive algorithms, and provide an efficient and reliable solution for optical waveguide application scenarios such as AR glasses.

[0102] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, replacement, and improvement made within the principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the diffraction efficiency of an optical waveguide based on an adaptive algorithm, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Obtaining real-time parameters of the environment in which the optical waveguide is located; establishing a mathematical model between the optical waveguide diffraction efficiency, the environmental parameters and the diffraction grating parameters based on the real-time parameters; and determining the optimal parameters of the diffraction grating through an adaptive algorithm according to the mathematical model; Based on the optimal parameters, adjusting the diffraction grating of the optical waveguide to optimize the diffraction efficiency of the optical waveguide; The steps of establishing the mathematical model include: Establish diffraction efficiency η, diffraction order m, and environmental parameter θ e and the relationship between the relative microstructure height factor ε: η(m,θ e ,ε)=sinc(λmd(θ e ,e)n(θ e )) Where λ is the wavelength of light, d is the height of the microstructure, and n is the refractive index; The step of determining the optimal parameters of the diffraction grating by an adaptive algorithm comprises: Initialization parameters, including reference environment parameter θ0, reference microstructure height d0, reference refractive index n0, relative microstructure height factor ε, smoothing iteration factor μ and diffraction order m; Calculate the diffraction efficiency η under reference environment th (m,θ0,0) is used as the adjustment standard; Get the current environmental parameter sampling value θ′ e ; Update the current environment parameters through smooth iteration: i e (t)=μθ e (t-1)+(1-μ)θ e ′ Where, t is the sampling time; Based on the updated environmental parameters, calculate the current diffraction efficiency η(m,θ e (t),ε); When η(m,θ e (t),ε)<η th When (m,θ0,0), ε is adjusted to optimize the diffraction efficiency.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of obtaining the real-time parameters of the environment in which the optical waveguide is located includes: collecting the environmental parameters in real time through high-precision sensors distributed at key positions of the optical waveguide; obtaining the voltage value of the environmental parameter through ADC sampling; and determining one or more parameters of temperature, humidity, light intensity and electromagnetic interference based on the voltage value.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Further including: Determine the microstructure height d and environmental parameter θ e And the relationship between the relative microstructure height factor ε: d(θ e ,ε)=d0(1+ε)(1+α g (i e -θ0)) Among them, d0 is the microstructure height under the reference environment, θ0 is the reference environment parameter, α g is the coefficient of thermal expansion.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Further including: Determine the refractive index n and the environmental parameter θ e Relationship: n(θ e )=n0+α n (i e -θ0) Where n0 is the refractive index under the reference environment, α n is the temperature coefficient of refractive index.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The step of adjusting ε is implemented by an iterative optimization algorithm, which includes: Set the initial step size Δε and accuracy threshold δ; Calculate the diffraction efficiency η(ε) under the current ε; Calculate the diffraction efficiency η(ε+Δε) and η(ε-Δε) under ε+Δε and ε-Δε; According to the comparison results of η(ε), η(ε+Δε) and η(ε-Δε), the adjustment direction of ε is determined; When |η(ε+Δε)-η(ε)|<δ and |η(ε-Δε-η(ε)|<δ, the iteration ends; otherwise, update ε and return to step 2 to continue the iteration.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The step of adjusting the diffraction grating of the optical waveguide includes: converting the determined optimal parameters into a control signal; and adjusting the period and / or depth of the diffraction grating by a precision driving device.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Further including: The adjusted diffraction efficiency is monitored in real time; when the monitored diffraction efficiency is lower than a preset threshold, the step of obtaining the real-time parameters of the environment is re-executed to form a closed-loop optimization process.

8. An optical waveguide diffraction efficiency optimization system based on an adaptive algorithm for executing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: include: A data acquisition module, used to obtain real-time parameters of the environment in which the optical waveguide is located; A model building module is used to build a mathematical model between the optical waveguide diffraction efficiency and the environmental parameters and the diffraction grating parameters based on the real-time parameters; an algorithm module is used to determine the optimal parameters of the diffraction grating through an adaptive algorithm according to the mathematical model; a control module is used to adjust the diffraction grating of the optical waveguide based on the optimal parameters to optimize the diffraction efficiency of the optical waveguide; wherein the data acquisition module includes high-precision sensors and ADC sampling circuits distributed at key positions of the optical waveguide; the model building module and the algorithm module are integrated in the MCU; and the control module includes a signal conversion circuit and a precision drive device.

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