A wide-beam microstrip antenna and electronic device

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a wide-beam microstrip antenna and electronic equipment, and relates to the technical field of microstrip antennas. The wide-beam microstrip antenna comprises a first dielectric layer, a patch layer is arranged on a first surface of the first dielectric layer, the patch layer comprises a main radiation patch, a first parasitic patch, a second parasitic patch and a third parasitic patch, the long edges of the first parasitic patch and the second parasitic patch are parallel to the short edge of the main radiation patch, and the first parasitic patch and the second parasitic patch are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the main radiation patch, and the long edge of the third parasitic patch is parallel to the long edge of the main radiation patch; a second dielectric layer, a ground layer is arranged between a first surface of the second dielectric layer and a second surface of the first dielectric layer, and the ground layer is used for controlling the beam width of the wide-beam microstrip antenna; and a third dielectric layer, a gap layer is arranged between a first surface of the third dielectric layer and a second surface of the second dielectric layer. The wide-beam microstrip antenna provided by the present disclosure can effectively expand the H-plane beam width of the microstrip antenna and reduce the size of the microstrip antenna.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of microstrip antennas, and in particular to a wide-beam microstrip antenna and electronic equipment. Background Art

[0002] Microstrip antennas are now being used in a variety of applications, including smart homes and satellite communications. For example, they can be installed in devices like smart door locks, smart air conditioners, and smart TVs to detect the presence of people in front of them. As demand for microstrip antennas increases, low-cost, small-size, and wide-horizontal-beam microstrip antennas are becoming increasingly sought after.

[0003] Currently, people mainly expand the beamwidth of microstrip antennas through the following two methods:

[0004] (1) Add a parasitic radiation patch above the main radiation patch; or add a metal cone and open a radiation port above the antenna; or add a metal wall around the main radiation patch, etc. However, this method increases the cross-sectional height of the microstrip antenna accordingly, which is not conducive to processing and integration.

[0005] (2) Adding a parasitic patch outside the main radiation patch, but this method has the problem of relatively large antenna size and large back radiation. Especially for application scenarios such as smart homes, there is no need to detect targets behind the device. At this time, if the antenna back radiation is large, it may cause millimeter wave radar to misdetect and misreport. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present disclosure provides a wide-beam microstrip antenna and an electronic device to at least solve the above technical problems existing in the prior art.

[0007] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a wide-beam microstrip antenna is provided, comprising: a first dielectric layer 2, a patch layer 1 is provided on the first surface of the first dielectric layer 2, the patch layer 1 includes a main radiation patch 11, a first parasitic patch 12, a second parasitic patch 13 and a third parasitic patch 14, the long sides of the first parasitic patch 12 and the second parasitic patch 13 are parallel to the short side of the main radiation patch 11, and are symmetrically placed on both sides of the main radiation patch 11, and the long side of the third parasitic patch 14 is parallel to the long side of the main radiation patch 11; a second dielectric layer 4, a ground layer 3 is provided between the first surface of the second dielectric layer 4 and the second surface of the first dielectric layer 2, and the ground layer 3 is used to control the beam width of the wide-beam microstrip antenna; a third dielectric layer 6, a gap layer 5 is provided between the first surface of the third dielectric layer 6 and the second surface of the second dielectric layer.

[0008] In one embodiment, the long side of the third parasitic patch 14 is equal to the long side of the main radiation patch 11 , and the four corners of the third parasitic patch 14 are notched.

[0009] In one embodiment, the shape of the missing corner can be at least one of a square, a triangle, a rectangle and a sector.

[0010] In one embodiment, the ground layer 3 has a limited size and a rectangular shape.

[0011] In one embodiment, a second slot 31 is formed on the ground layer 3 at a position corresponding to the center of the main radiation patch 11 , and the second slot 31 is in a cross shape.

[0012] In one embodiment, a first slot 15 is provided at the center of the lower edge of the main radiation patch 11 . The first slot 15 is rectangular in shape and is used to optimize the feeding method of the wide-beam microstrip antenna.

[0013] In one embodiment, an impedance transformer 16 is connected to the center of the first slot 15 .

[0014] In one embodiment, a wide beam microstrip antenna further includes a fourth dielectric layer 7 , and the material of the area corresponding to the patch layer 1 and the ground layer 3 on the fourth dielectric layer 7 is copper cladding, and the electrical property of the copper cladding is ground.

[0015] In one possible implementation manner, no traces or copper cladding can exist in the area corresponding to the patch layer 1 and the ground layer 3 on the gap layer 5 .

[0016] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, an electronic device is provided, comprising the wide-beam microstrip antenna described in the present disclosure.

[0017] The present invention discloses a wide-beam microstrip antenna that expands its beam width in four ways: first, three parasitic patches are added adjacent to the main radiating patch 11, and the far-field electromagnetic waves radiated by the parasitic patches in two orthogonal directions are used to compensate for the main radiating electromagnetic waves; second, a corner is notched on the third parasitic patch 14 parallel to the long side of the main radiating patch 11, which not only expands the beam width of the H-plane of the microstrip antenna but also reduces the size of the wide-beam microstrip antenna; third, the ground layer 3 is of finite size, specifically a rectangular shape, which improves the impedance matching between the antenna and the feeder and the radiation pattern of the antenna, and reduces the size of the wide-beam microstrip antenna; fourth, a cross slot is opened on the ground layer 3, with the center of the cross slot corresponding to the center of the main radiating patch, thereby reducing reflection loss, improving antenna efficiency, and expanding the beam width of the H-plane of the microstrip antenna. Through the above four methods, the beam width of the H-plane of the microstrip antenna can be effectively expanded and the size of the microstrip antenna can be reduced.

[0018] It should be understood that the contents described in this section are not intended to identify the key or important features of the embodiments of the present disclosure, nor are they intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become readily understood through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will become readily understood by reading the detailed description below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which several embodiments of the present disclosure are shown by way of example and not limitation, wherein:

[0020] In the drawings, the same or corresponding reference numerals denote the same or corresponding parts.

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structural decomposition of a wide-beam microstrip antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0022] Figure 2 A side view of a wide-beam microstrip antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0023] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of a patch layer of a wide-beam microstrip antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0024] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of a ground layer of a wide-beam microstrip antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0025] Figure 5 The figure shows a simulated H-plane radiation pattern of a wide-beam microstrip antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0026] Figure 6 The figure shows a simulated E-plane radiation pattern of a wide-beam microstrip antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0027] Figure 7 A simulated standing wave ratio diagram of a wide beam microstrip antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0028] Description of the numbers in the figure:

[0029] 1. Patch layer; 11. Main radiation patch; 12. First parasitic patch; 13. Second parasitic patch; 14. Third parasitic patch; 15. First slot; 16. Impedance transformer; 2. First dielectric layer; 3. Ground layer; 31. Second slot; 4. Second dielectric layer; 5. Gap layer; 6. Third dielectric layer; 7. Fourth dielectric layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] To make the purposes, features, and advantages of the present disclosure more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present disclosure without creative work shall fall within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0031] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structural decomposition of a wide-beam microstrip antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown; Figure 2 A side view of a wide-beam microstrip antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown; Figure 3 FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a patch layer of a wide beam microstrip antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 1-3 As shown, a wide-beam microstrip antenna disclosed in the present invention includes: a first dielectric layer 2, a patch layer 1 is provided on the first surface of the first dielectric layer 2, the patch layer 1 includes a main radiation patch 11, a first parasitic patch 12, a second parasitic patch 13 and a third parasitic patch 14, the long sides of the first parasitic patch 12 and the second parasitic patch 13 are parallel to the short side of the main radiation patch 11, and are symmetrically placed on both sides of the main radiation patch 11, and the long side of the third parasitic patch 14 is parallel to the long side of the main radiation patch 11; a second dielectric layer 4, a ground layer 3 is provided between the first surface of the second dielectric layer 4 and the second surface of the first dielectric layer 2, and the ground layer 3 is used to control the beam width of the wide-beam microstrip antenna; a third dielectric layer 6, a gap layer 5 is provided between the first surface of the third dielectric layer 6 and the second surface of the second dielectric layer.

[0032] In this embodiment, the first surface is the upper surface, the second surface is the lower surface, and a patch layer 1 is provided on the first surface of the first dielectric layer 2. The main radiation patch 11 of the patch layer 1 is responsible for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves. The first parasitic patch 12, the second parasitic patch 13 and the third parasitic patch 14 are used to cooperate with the main radiation patch 11 to compensate for the electromagnetic waves radiated by the main radiation patch 11 by radiating far-field electromagnetic waves in two orthogonal directions, so as to improve the H-plane beam width of the antenna; a ground layer 3 is provided between the first surface of the second dielectric layer 4 and the second surface of the first dielectric layer 2, that is, the ground layer 3 is located between the first dielectric layer 2 and the second dielectric layer 4, and the ground layer 3 is used to control the beam width of the wide-beam microstrip antenna; a gap layer 5 is provided between the first surface of the third dielectric layer 6 and the second surface of the second dielectric layer 4, that is, the gap layer 5 is located between the second dielectric layer 4 and the third dielectric layer 6, and the gap layer 5 is used to ensure that the radiation characteristics of the microstrip antenna are not affected by the internal signal layer, thereby maintaining the expected performance. It should be emphasized that the H plane in the present disclosure is the magnetic plane, that is, the plane parallel to the direction of the magnetic field; the E plane is the electric plane, that is, the plane parallel to the direction of the electric field; the dielectric constant of the first dielectric layer 2 can be 3.83 and the thickness can be 0.25 mm; the second dielectric layer 4 and the third dielectric layer 6 can be FR4 boards, the dielectric constant can be 4.2, and the thickness can be 1 mm and 0.25 mm respectively.

[0033] In one embodiment, the operating center frequency corresponding to the wide-beam microstrip antenna in the present disclosure may be 24.125 GHz (gigahertz) or other frequencies, which is not limited in the present disclosure. If the operating center frequency of the wide-beam microstrip antenna is f and the corresponding wavelength of free space is λ, the dimensions of the main radiation patch 11 can be: a11 = 0.225λ, b11 = 0.247λ; the dimensions of the first parasitic patch 12 and the second parasitic patch 13 can be: a12 = 0.024λ, b12 = 0.260λ; the dimensions of the third parasitic patch 14 can be: a14 = 0.225λ, b14 = 0.08λ; the distances between the first parasitic patch 12 and the second parasitic patch 13 and the main radiation patch 11 are the same, which can be ag = 0.016λ; the distance between the third parasitic patch 13 and the main radiation patch 11 can be bg = 0.04λ, where a represents the width in the horizontal axis direction, b represents the height in the vertical axis direction, and g represents the distance.

[0034] In one embodiment, the long side of the third parasitic patch 14 is equal in length to the long side of the main radiating patch 11. The three parasitic patch 14 has four corners with notches. These notches can modify the antenna's edge effect, thereby affecting the antenna's radiation pattern and widening the beam. The notches can also improve the antenna's impedance matching. By changing the patch's edge shape, the antenna's input impedance can be affected, thereby reducing reflection loss and improving antenna efficiency. The notches can also reduce the antenna's back radiation, thereby reducing the likelihood of millimeter-wave radar false detection and false reporting. The notches can also improve antenna performance without increasing the overall size of the antenna. In one example, the notches can be shaped like at least one of a square, a triangle, a rectangle, and a sector. If the notches are square, the side length of the square can be 0.015λ.

[0035] Figure 4 FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a ground layer of a wide beam microstrip antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 4 As shown, the ground layer 3 has a limited size and is rectangular in shape. The limited-size ground layer 3 helps improve the impedance matching between the antenna and the feeder. By adjusting the size of the ground layer 3, the input impedance of the antenna can be changed, reflection loss can be reduced, and antenna efficiency can be improved. The limited-size ground layer 3 helps optimize the antenna's directivity pattern, expanding the antenna's beamwidth on the H-plane, thereby improving the antenna's coverage capability in a specific direction. The limited-size ground layer 3 can reduce surface waves propagating along the antenna surface, reducing energy loss caused by surface waves and improving the antenna's overall performance. The limited-size and rectangular ground layer 3 design makes it easier to integrate the antenna with the RF chip, making it suitable for the design of multi-layer hybrid printed circuit boards, easy to process, and with a low profile and small size. The limited-size ground layer 3 also helps reduce the antenna's back radiation.

[0036] In one embodiment, a second slot 31 is provided on the ground layer 3 at a position corresponding to the center of the main radiating patch 11. The second slot 31 is cross-shaped. The second slot 31 can help expand the antenna's H-plane beamwidth. By providing a slot in the ground layer 3, the electromagnetic field distribution around the antenna can be altered, thereby affecting the antenna's radiation characteristics and widening the antenna's H-plane beamwidth. The second slot 31 can also reduce reflection loss and improve antenna efficiency by changing the impedance between the antenna and the feeder. The second slot 31 can also reduce the antenna's back radiation, reducing the probability of millimeter-wave radar false detection and false reporting. In one example, the dimensions of the ground layer 3 can be a3 = 0.354λ and b3 = 0.556λ, and the length and width of the second slot 31 can be 0.068λ and 0.008λ respectively.

[0037] In one embodiment, a first slot 15 is provided at the center of the lower edge of the main radiating patch 11. The first slot 15 is rectangular in shape and is used to optimize the feeding method of the wide-beam microstrip antenna. In the present disclosure, the main radiating patch 11 adopts a microstrip line feeding method, that is, the main radiating patch 11 provides the radio frequency signal through the microstrip line. The first slot 15 is a slot near the feeding point of the microstrip antenna, which is used to adjust the radiation pattern of the antenna or improve the impedance matching, thereby reducing the back radiation of the antenna, reducing the reflection loss, and improving the efficiency of the antenna. In one example, the dimensions of the first slot 15 can be a15 = 0.031λ, b15 = 0.056λ.

[0038] In one embodiment, an impedance transformer 16 is connected to the center of the first slot 15. Impedance transformer 16 is generally used to improve the impedance matching between the feeder and the antenna. When the characteristic impedance of the feeder does not match the antenna input impedance, a portion of the signal will be reflected back at the connection between the feeder and the antenna, which will reduce the effective power transmitted to the antenna and thus reduce the efficiency of the antenna. Impedance transformer 16 can be a gradient line, a stepped impedance transformer, or other form of impedance matching network. By gradually changing the characteristic impedance of the transmission line, better impedance matching is achieved, thereby reducing reflection loss and improving the gain and efficiency of the antenna. In one example, the dimensions of impedance transformer 16 can be a16 = 0.028λ and b16 = 0.072λ.

[0039] In one embodiment, a wide-beam microstrip antenna further includes a fourth dielectric layer 7. The material of the area corresponding to the patch layer 1 and the ground layer 3 on the fourth dielectric layer 7 is copper-clad, and the electrical property of the copper-clad is ground. The fourth dielectric layer 7 is used to provide additional electromagnetic shielding and support. The copper-clad area on the fourth dielectric layer 7 is used to form a larger ground plane together with the ground layer 3 to further enhance the grounding effect.

[0040] In one embodiment, no traces or copper cladding should exist in the area corresponding to the patch layer 1 and the ground layer 3 on the gap layer 5 to avoid interference with the antenna performance.

[0041] It should be emphasized that the wide beam microstrip antenna and the RF chip in this disclosure are designed together in the following way: Figure 1 and Figure 2 On the four-layer hybrid printed circuit board shown, of course, the embodiments of the present disclosure can be extended to other multi-layer hybrid board structures. In these multi-layer hybrid board structures, except for the patch layer, the ground layer and the bottom dielectric layer, the remaining intermediate layers need to avoid the antenna area, that is, on the intermediate layer, there can be no routing and copper cladding in the area corresponding to the patch layer 1 and the ground layer 3.

[0042] Figure 5 FIG shows a simulated H-plane radiation pattern of a wide beam microstrip antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 5 As shown, the 6dB beam width of the wide-beam microstrip antenna H-plane in the present disclosure is preferably controlled to 180°, which means that the radiation pattern of the wide-beam microstrip antenna on the H-plane presents a wider angle coverage, which is suitable for application scenarios that require a wide horizontal beam, such as millimeter-wave radar in the smart home field, which needs to detect targets within a 180-degree range in front of the device.

[0043] Figure 6 The simulated E-plane radiation pattern of a wide beam microstrip antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown in FIG. Figure 6 As shown, the 6dB beamwidth of the wide-beam microstrip antenna in the present disclosure on the E plane is 125°, which means that the antenna also has a certain coverage range in the direction perpendicular to the H plane, but not as wide as that on the H plane.

[0044] Figure 7 The figure shows a simulated standing wave ratio diagram of a wide beam microstrip antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 7 As shown in FIG, the wide beam microstrip antenna in the present disclosure has a standing wave ratio of less than 1.5 in the operating frequency range (24 GHz to 24.25 GHz). The standing wave ratio is an important parameter for measuring the impedance matching between the antenna and the feeder. The closer the standing wave ratio is to 1, the better the impedance matching and the less the reflection loss. Figure 7 It can be seen from the figure that the wide-beam microstrip antenna has a standing wave ratio of less than 1.5 in the operating frequency band (24 GHz to 24.25 GHz), indicating that the antenna has good impedance matching performance in this frequency band, relatively small reflection loss, and high working efficiency.

[0045] In summary, in the present disclosure, by varying the length of the cross slot in the ground layer 3, the H-plane beam width of the microstrip antenna can be effectively controlled, reducing back radiation. This ensures reliable target detection within a 180-degree range in front of the electronic device while also reducing the probability of millimeter-wave radar false alarms. The microstrip antenna in the present disclosure utilizes a microstrip line feeder, making it easy to integrate with RF chips and can be manufactured along with a multi-layer hybrid printed circuit board. It features a low profile, small size, wide beam, and low cost, making it widely applicable to millimeter-wave radar designs in various fields, such as smart homes and satellite communications. In one example, the wide-beam microstrip antenna designed in the present disclosure can measure 3.8mm × 4.65mm. In contrast, under the same dielectric layer and operating frequency conditions, the calculated initial dimensions of a microstrip unit antenna are 4mm × 3.08mm. Under the same dielectric layer and operating frequency conditions, the dimensions of the wide-beam microstrip antenna in the present disclosure are comparable to those of the microstrip unit antenna. Its small size is a favorable factor for the present disclosure's application in various fields, such as smart homes and satellite communications.

[0046] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, an electronic device is provided, comprising the wide-beam microstrip antenna of the present disclosure.

[0047] It should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. Throughout the present disclosure, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0048] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present disclosure, but the scope of protection of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this disclosure should be included in the scope of protection of the present disclosure. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present disclosure should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A wide beam microstrip antenna, characterized in that: include: A first dielectric layer (2), wherein a patch layer (1) is provided on a first surface of the first dielectric layer (2), the patch layer (1) comprising a main radiation patch (11), a first parasitic patch (12), a second parasitic patch (13) and a third parasitic patch (14), wherein the long sides of the first parasitic patch (12) and the second parasitic patch (13) are parallel to the short sides of the main radiation patch (11) and are symmetrically placed on both sides of the main radiation patch (11), and the long side of the third parasitic patch (14) is parallel to the long side of the main radiation patch (11); a second dielectric layer (4), a ground layer (3) being provided between a first surface of the second dielectric layer (4) and a second surface of the first dielectric layer (2), the ground layer (3) being used to control the beam width of the wide-beam microstrip antenna; A third dielectric layer (6), wherein a gap layer (5) is provided between the first surface of the third dielectric layer (6) and the second surface of the second dielectric layer.

2. The wide beam microstrip antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The long side of the third parasitic patch (14) is equal in length to the long side of the main radiation patch (11), and the four corners of the third parasitic patch (14) are provided with notches.

3. The wide beam microstrip antenna according to claim 2, wherein: The shape of the missing corner is at least one of a triangle, a rectangle and a sector.

4. The wide beam microstrip antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The grounding layer (3) has a limited size, and the grounding layer (3) is rectangular in shape.

5. The wide beam microstrip antenna according to claim 1, wherein: A second slot (31) is provided on the ground layer (3) at a position corresponding to the center of the main radiation patch (11), and the shape of the second slot (31) is a cross.

6. The wide beam microstrip antenna according to claim 1, wherein: A first slot (15) is provided at the center of the lower edge of the main radiation patch (11), the first slot (15) being rectangular in shape, and the first slot (15) being used to optimize the feeding mode of the wide-beam microstrip antenna.

7. The wide beam microstrip antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that: An impedance transformation component (16) is connected to the center of the first slot (15).

8. The wide beam microstrip antenna according to claim 1, wherein: It also includes a fourth dielectric layer (7), and the material of the area corresponding to the patch layer (1) and the ground layer (3) on the fourth dielectric layer (7) is copper cladding, and the electrical property of the copper cladding is ground.

9. The wide beam microstrip antenna according to claim 1, wherein: No traces or copper cladding can exist in the area corresponding to the patch layer (1) and the ground layer (3) on the gap layer (5).

10. An electronic device, characterized in that: The wide-beam microstrip antenna comprises any one of claims 1 to 9.

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