Chicken feed rich in Omega-3 and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention proposes a chicken feed rich in Omega-3 and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of feed technology. It is prepared from the following raw materials: Omega-3 liposome particles, sesame meal fermentation product, Bacillus subtilis, vitamins, biotin, thiamine, inorganic salts, amino acids, selenium-enriched yeast wall-broken material, straw powder, fish meal, Artemisia annua, and Rhodiola rosea. The chicken feed rich in Omega-3 prepared by the present invention not only improves the antioxidant stability of Omega-3 in feed, improves its storability and content, and increases the intake of Omega-3 by chickens, thereby increasing the content of Omega-3 in eggs, but also increases the feed intake of chickens and the antibacterial immunity of chickens, increases the content of organic selenium in feed, and can also improve the immunity of chickens and the content of organic selenium in eggs, further improving the nutritional value of chickens and eggs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of feed, and in particular to a chicken feed rich in Omega-3 and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Eggs are the main source of daily protein supplement. At the same time, eggs are high in B vitamins, fat, vitamin A and D. Therefore, eggs play an irreplaceable role in the diet.

[0003] The yolk accounts for 31% of the egg's weight. The yolk is composed of countless fat-rich, spherical micelles surrounded by a yolk membrane. 98% of the fat in an egg is found in the yolk. According to the "Chinese Food Composition Table" (2002), the main components of a typical egg yolk are palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid, accounting for 90% of the total fat, while the content of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is extremely low.

[0004] Omega-3 is a polyunsaturated fatty acid commonly found in deep-sea fish and certain plants. It's one of the most important components of human cell structure and essential for the proper functioning of cell membranes, hence its name, essential fatty acid. It has numerous physiological benefits, including promoting cardiovascular health, alleviating migraines, and preventing diabetes, making it highly beneficial to human health. Because omega-3 cannot be stored in the body, a daily intake of omega-3 is necessary to meet health needs. Common sources of omega-3 include deep-sea fish oil, flaxseed, chia seeds, and seaweed. Studies have shown that omega-3 can be enriched in chicken eggs through chicken feed. Therefore, consuming omega-3-enriched eggs is a highly effective way to supplement dietary omega-3 intake. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a chicken feed rich in Omega-3 and a preparation method thereof, which not only improves the antioxidant stability of Omega-3 in the feed, improves its storage and content, and increases the intake of Omega-3 by chickens, thereby increasing the Omega-3 content in eggs, but also increases the feed intake of chickens and the antibacterial immunity of chickens, increases the content of organic selenium in the feed, and can also improve the immunity of chickens and the content of organic selenium in eggs, thereby further improving the nutritional value of chicken and eggs.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is achieved as follows:

[0007] The invention provides a chicken feed rich in Omega-3. The chicken feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-12 parts of Omega-3 liposome particles, 4-6 parts of sesame meal fermentation product, 1-2 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 0.5-1 parts of vitamins, 0.02-0.05 parts of biotin, 0.05-0.1 parts of thiamine, 2-3.5 parts of inorganic salts, 3-5 parts of amino acids, 2-4 parts of selenium-enriched yeast wall-broken materials, 12-17 parts of straw powder, 15-20 parts of fish meal, 3-7 parts of Artemisia annua and 1-3 parts of Rhodiola rosea.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present invention, the preparation method of the Omega-3 liposome particles is as follows:

[0009] S1. Soy lecithin, Omega-3 oil, cholesterol, and vitamin E were added to dichloromethane to form a clear solution, which was heated and rotary evaporated to remove the organic solvent and dried to form a transparent lipid film;

[0010] S2. The theanine-salicylic acid complex is dissolved in phosphate buffer, added to the system of step S1, hydrated, and sonicated to obtain an Omega-3 liposome suspension;

[0011] S3. Dissolve β-cyclodextrin in phosphate buffer, add the Omega-3 liposome suspension, stir and mix, and spray dry to prepare Omega-3 liposome particles.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, the mass ratio of soybean lecithin, Omega-3 oil, cholesterol, and vitamin E in step S1 is 10-12:15-20:4-7:1-2, and the heating temperature is 45-55°C; the pH value of the phosphate buffer in step S2 is 6.8-7.2, the mass ratio of the theanine-salicylic acid complex and the phosphate buffer is 1-2:100, the temperature of the hydration reaction is room temperature, the time is 1-3h, the power of the ultrasonic treatment is 1000-2000W, and the time is 20-40min; the pH value of the phosphate buffer in step S3 is 6.8-7.2, the mass ratio of the β-cyclodextrin and the Omega-3 liposome suspension is 10-15:100, and the pumping flow rate of the spray drying is 1.5-2m 3 / min, inlet temperature is 130-170℃, outlet temperature is 30-40℃.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, the preparation method of the theanine-salicylic acid complex is as follows: salicylic acid is dissolved in hot water, N-hydroxysuccinimide and 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide are added, and the activation reaction is stirred, theanine is added, the reaction is stirred, acetone is added for precipitation, filtering, washing, and drying to obtain the theanine-salicylic acid complex.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, the temperature of the hot water is 65-75°C, the molar ratio of salicylic acid, N-hydroxysuccinimide, 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide, and theanine is 1:1.2-1.4:1.2-1.4:0.95-1, the temperature of the activation reaction is room temperature, the time is 20-40 minutes, and the stirring reaction time is 10-12 hours.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention, the preparation method of the fermentation product of Omega-3 oil, selenium-enriched yeast wall-broken material and sesame meal is as follows:

[0016] T1. Sesame meal was added to water, phytase and cellulase were added, and enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out by heating and stirring. Then, selenium-enriched yeast seed liquid was inoculated and enzymatic fermentation was carried out. The culture was filtered, the solid was washed, and the culture liquid was collected and freeze-dried to obtain selenium-enriched yeast slurry. The filtrate was extracted with petroleum ether, and the organic and aqueous layers were separated. The organic layer was crude oil; the aqueous layer was dialyzed and freeze-dried to obtain the sesame meal fermentation product.

[0017] T2. Add selenium-enriched yeast slurry to water, add snail enzyme, heat and stir the reaction, inactivate the enzyme, dialyze, and freeze-dry to obtain selenium-enriched yeast cell wall fragments;

[0018] T3. Add the crude oil to a molecular distillation apparatus, heat and distill, remove the fractions, and collect the undistilled substances to obtain Omega-3 oil.

[0019] As a further improvement of the present invention, the mass ratio of sesame meal, phytase and cellulase in step T1 is 15-20:0.2-0.5:1-2, the temperature of the heated and stirred enzymatic hydrolysis is 40-50°C, the time is 1-2h, and the bacterial content of the selenium-enriched yeast seed liquid is 10 8 -10 9 cfu / mL, the conditions of the enzymatic fermentation culture are 40-45°C, 100-200r / min, the fermentation culture is 36-48h, the pore size of the dialysis bag is 500-1000Da, and the dialysis time is 36-52h.

[0020] As a further improvement of the present invention, the mass ratio of the selenium-enriched yeast slurry and the snail enzyme in step T2 is 100:5-7, the temperature of the heated and stirred reaction is 45-50°C, the time is 1-3h, the pore size of the dialysis bag is 500-1000Da, and the dialysis time is 24-36h; the conditions for the molecular distillation in step T3 are a feed preheating temperature of 20-30°C, condensed water of 5-10°C, a system operating pressure of 0.2-0.4Pa, a distillation temperature of 55-70°C, a feed rate of 2-4mL / min, and a scraper speed of 100-200r / min.

[0021] As a further improvement of the present invention, the vitamins include vitamin E, vitamin B2, vitamin C, folic acid, niacin, and pantothenic acid in a mass ratio of 4-7:5-9:2-3:1-2:0.5-1:0.2-0.7; the inorganic salts include sodium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium phosphate, magnesium chloride, copper chloride, zinc chloride, manganese chloride, and ferric chloride in a mass ratio of 10-12:4-7:2-4:1-2:0.5-1:0.5-1:0.2-0.4:0.7-1.2; and the amino acids include methionine, lysine, tryptophan, and threonine in a mass ratio of 1-3:2-4:1-2:0.5-1.

[0022] The present invention further protects a method for preparing the above-mentioned chicken feed rich in Omega-3, comprising the following steps:

[0023] (1) Drying and crushing Artemisia annua and Rhodiola rosea to prepare a mixed powder;

[0024] (2) The mixed powder, Omega-3 liposome particles, sesame meal fermentation product, Bacillus subtilis, vitamins, biotin, thiamine, inorganic salts, amino acids, selenium-enriched yeast wall-broken material, straw powder, and fish meal are mixed evenly to prepare Omega-3-rich chicken feed.

[0025] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] Sesame meal is not only rich in Omega-3 fatty acids, calcium, iron and multivitamins and trace elements, but also contains abundant nutrients. However, similarly, sesame meal also contains more anti-nutritional substances, such as oxalic acid, tannins and phytic acid, which can react with trace metal ions to form a large amount of mineral elements in the feed, thus affecting its digestion and absorption in the intestinal tract. In addition, phytic acid can also be combined with protein in the intestinal tract to form a phytic acid calcium magnesium protein complex, which can not be hydrolyzed and digested by protease, thereby reducing the utilization rate of protein and mineral substances. In order to solve this problem, the present invention carries out enzyme-assisted fermentation with the assistance of phytase and cellulase to decompose its phytic acid, oxalic acid and tannins, thereby greatly reducing the content of anti-nutritional substances in sesame meal, and simultaneously, also destroying the plant cell wall, promoting the dissolution of intracellular grease, protein and active substances, thereby greatly improving the extraction rate of Omega-3 and the extraction of nutrients. Under the fermentation action of selenium-rich yeast, rich selenium-rich proteins and selenium-rich polysaccharides can be produced, and the sesame meal fermentation product obtained is rich in selenium. The separated selenium-rich yeast mud is broken by snail enzyme to destroy the activity of the bacteria. At the same time, it contains rich selenium-rich complex glycoproteins and other highly active selenium complexes, which greatly improves the absorption rate of selenium in chickens. At the same time, it increases the content of organic selenium in eggs. High selenium intake also improves the immunity of chickens, reduces the probability of illness, and increases economic value.

[0027] The crude omega-3 oil obtained through fermentation in the present invention is subjected to similarity-compatible extraction with petroleum ether and then purified by molecular distillation to obtain a highly active omega-3 oil. However, omega-3 is an unsaturated fatty acid that is susceptible to lipid oxidation, resulting in poor storage stability. Therefore, to address this issue and extend its shelf life, the present invention incorporates a compounded antioxidant into the omega-3-rich oil, significantly enhancing its antioxidant properties.

[0028] This invention prepares a theanine-salicylic acid complex, a water-soluble antioxidant. Adding a small amount significantly increases feed intake in chickens, inhibits the growth of some common poultry viruses and bacteria, and prevents respiratory infections, febrile illnesses, and indigestion. This complex works synergistically with the fat-soluble antioxidant vitamin E, achieving enhanced antioxidant effects through free radical scavenging and singlet oxygen quenching, creating a complementary and synergistic effect.

[0029] The present invention prepares Omega-3 liposome particles by embedding Omega-3, which has good biosafety and compatibility, improves the stability and antioxidant properties of Omega-3, promotes its absorption in the body, and improves bioavailability. Compared with liposome liquid dispersions, liposome powder preparations are more stable and more suitable for long-term storage.

[0030] The Omega-3-rich chicken feed prepared by the present invention not only improves the antioxidant stability of Omega-3 in the feed, improves the storage property and content of Omega-3, and increases the intake of Omega-3 by the chickens, thereby increasing the Omega-3 content in the eggs, but also increases the feed intake of the chickens and the antibacterial immunity of the chickens, increases the content of organic selenium in the feed, and can also improve the immunity of the chickens and the content of organic selenium in the eggs, thereby further improving the nutritional value of the chicken and the eggs. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Phytase, 10,000 U / g, and cellulase, 50,000 U / g, were purchased from Xiasheng (Beijing) Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd.

[0033] Selenium-enriched yeast, 20 billion cfu / g, was purchased from Angel Yeast Co., Ltd. The preparation method of the bacterial seed liquid was to inoculate the selenium-enriched yeast into Gao's medium, activate and culture for 24 hours at 45℃ and 100r / min, and obtain a bacterial count of 10 8 -10 9 cfu / mL of selenium-enriched yeast seed liquid.

[0034] Preparation Example 1 Preparation of theanine-salicylic acid complex

[0035] The method is as follows: 0.1 mol of salicylic acid is dissolved in 500 mL of 70°C hot water, 0.13 mol of N-hydroxysuccinimide and 0.13 mol of 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide are added, and the activation reaction is stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. 0.097 mol of theanine is added and the reaction is stirred for 12 hours. An equal volume of acetone is added for precipitation, and the mixture is filtered, washed, and dried to obtain a theanine-salicylic acid complex.

[0036] Preparation Example 2 Preparation of Omega-3 oil, selenium-enriched yeast wall-broken material and sesame meal fermentation product

[0037] Here’s how:

[0038] T1. 15 g of sesame meal was added to 300 mL of water, sterilized, and 0.2 g of phytase and 1 g of cellulase were added. The mixture was heated to 40°C and stirred for enzymatic hydrolysis for 1 h. Then, a selenium-enriched yeast seed solution was inoculated at a rate of 2 v / v% at 40°C and 100 rpm for enzymatic fermentation for 36 h. The solution was filtered, the solid was washed, and the collected bacterial solution was freeze-dried to obtain a selenium-enriched yeast slurry. The filtrate was extracted with an equal volume of petroleum ether, and the organic and aqueous layers were separated. The solvent was removed from the organic layer under reduced pressure to obtain a crude oil. The aqueous layer was dialyzed using a 500 Da dialysis bag for 36 h and freeze-dried to obtain a sesame meal fermentation product.

[0039] T2. Add 100 g of selenium-enriched yeast slurry to 500 mL of water, add 5 g of snail enzyme, heat to 45°C, stir and react for 1 h, inactivate the enzyme, dialyze using a 500 Da dialysis bag for 24 h, and freeze-dry to obtain selenium-enriched yeast cell wall fragments.

[0040] T3. Add the crude oil to a molecular distillation apparatus, heat and distill, remove the fraction, and collect the undistilled material to produce omega-3 oil;

[0041] The conditions for the molecular distillation are feed preheating temperature of 20° C., condensed water temperature of 5° C., system operating pressure of 0.2 Pa, distillation temperature of 55° C., feed rate mL / min, and scraper speed of 100 r / min.

[0042] Preparation Example 3 Preparation of Omega-3 oil, selenium-enriched yeast wall-broken material and sesame meal fermentation product

[0043] Here’s how:

[0044] T1. 20 g of sesame meal was added to 300 mL of water, sterilized, and 0.5 g of phytase and 2 g of cellulase were added. The mixture was heated to 50°C and stirred for 2 h. The mixture was then inoculated with a selenium-enriched yeast seed solution at a rate of 2 v / v% and incubated at 45°C, 200 rpm, and fermented for 48 h. The solution was filtered, the solids were washed, and the collected solution was freeze-dried to obtain a selenium-enriched yeast slurry. The filtrate was extracted with an equal volume of petroleum ether, and the organic and aqueous layers were separated. The solvent was removed from the organic layer under reduced pressure to obtain a crude oil. The aqueous layer was dialyzed using a 1000 Da dialysis bag for 52 h and freeze-dried to obtain a sesame meal fermentation product.

[0045] T2. Add 100 g of selenium-enriched yeast slurry to 500 mL of water, add 7 g of snail enzyme, heat to 50°C, stir and react for 3 h, inactivate the enzyme, dialyze using a 1000 Da dialysis bag for 36 h, and freeze-dry to obtain selenium-enriched yeast cell wall fragments.

[0046] T3. Add the crude oil to a molecular distillation apparatus, heat and distill, remove the fraction, and collect the undistilled material to produce omega-3 oil;

[0047] The conditions for the molecular distillation are feed preheating temperature of 30° C., condensed water temperature of 10° C., system operating pressure of 0.4 Pa, distillation temperature of 70° C., feed rate of 4 mL / min, and scraper speed of 200 r / min.

[0048] Preparation Example 4 Preparation of Omega-3 Oil, Selenium-Enriched Yeast Broken Wall Material and Sesame Meal Fermentation Product

[0049] Here’s how:

[0050] T1. 17 g of sesame meal was added to 300 mL of water, sterilized, and 0.35 g of phytase and 1.5 g of cellulase were added. The mixture was heated to 45°C and stirred for enzymatic hydrolysis for 1.5 h. Then, a selenium-enriched yeast seed solution was inoculated at 2 v / v% at 42°C and 150 rpm for enzymatic fermentation for 42 h. The solution was filtered, the solid solution was washed, and the collected solution was freeze-dried to obtain a selenium-enriched yeast slurry. The filtrate was extracted with an equal volume of petroleum ether, and the organic and aqueous layers were separated. The solvent was removed from the organic layer under reduced pressure to obtain a crude oil. The aqueous layer was dialyzed using a 700 Da dialysis bag for 45 h and freeze-dried to obtain a sesame meal fermentation product.

[0051] T2. Add 100 g of selenium-enriched yeast slurry to 500 mL of water, add 6 g of snail enzyme, heat to 47°C, stir and react for 2 h, inactivate the enzyme, dialyze using a 700 Da dialysis bag for 30 h, and freeze-dry to obtain selenium-enriched yeast cell wall fragments.

[0052] T3. Add the crude oil to a molecular distillation apparatus, heat and distill, remove the fraction, and collect the undistilled material to produce omega-3 oil;

[0053] The conditions for the molecular distillation are feed preheating temperature of 25° C., condensed water temperature of 7° C., system operating pressure of 0.3 Pa, distillation temperature of 70° C., feed rate of 3 mL / min, and scraper speed of 150 r / min.

[0054] Comparative Preparation Example 1

[0055] Compared with Preparation Example 4, the difference is that phytase is not added.

[0056] The details are as follows:

[0057] T1. 17 g of sesame meal was added to 300 mL of water, sterilized, and 1.85 g of cellulase was added. The mixture was heated to 45°C and stirred for enzymatic hydrolysis for 1.5 h. Then, a selenium-enriched yeast seed solution was inoculated at 2 v / v% at 42°C and 150 rpm. Enzymatic fermentation was carried out for 42 h. The solution was filtered, the solid was washed, and the collected bacterial solution was freeze-dried to obtain a selenium-enriched yeast slurry. The filtrate was extracted with an equal volume of petroleum ether, and the organic and aqueous layers were separated. The solvent was removed from the organic layer under reduced pressure to obtain a crude oil. The aqueous layer was dialyzed using a 700 Da dialysis bag for 45 h and freeze-dried to obtain a sesame meal fermentation product.

[0058] T2. Add 100 g of selenium-enriched yeast slurry to 500 mL of water, add 6 g of snail enzyme, heat to 47°C, stir and react for 2 h, inactivate the enzyme, dialyze using a 700 Da dialysis bag for 30 h, and freeze-dry to obtain selenium-enriched yeast cell wall fragments.

[0059] T3. Add the crude oil to a molecular distillation apparatus, heat and distill, remove the fraction, and collect the undistilled material to produce omega-3 oil;

[0060] The conditions for the molecular distillation are feed preheating temperature of 25° C., condensed water temperature of 7° C., system operating pressure of 0.3 Pa, distillation temperature of 70° C., feed rate of 3 mL / min, and scraper speed of 150 r / min.

[0061] Comparative Preparation Example 2

[0062] The difference compared with Preparation Example 4 is that no cellulase was added.

[0063] The details are as follows:

[0064] T1. 17 g of sesame meal was added to 300 mL of water, sterilized, and 1.85 g of phytase was added. The mixture was heated to 45°C and stirred for enzymatic hydrolysis for 1.5 h. Then, a selenium-enriched yeast seed solution was inoculated at 2 v / v% at 42°C and 150 rpm. Enzymatic fermentation was carried out for 42 h. The solution was filtered, the solid was washed, and the collected bacterial solution was freeze-dried to obtain a selenium-enriched yeast slurry. The filtrate was extracted with an equal volume of petroleum ether, and the organic and aqueous layers were separated. The solvent was removed from the organic layer under reduced pressure to obtain a crude oil. The aqueous layer was dialyzed using a 700 Da dialysis bag for 45 h and freeze-dried to obtain a sesame meal fermentation product.

[0065] T2. Add 100 g of selenium-enriched yeast slurry to 500 mL of water, add 6 g of snail enzyme, heat to 47°C, stir and react for 2 h, inactivate the enzyme, dialyze using a 700 Da dialysis bag for 30 h, and freeze-dry to obtain selenium-enriched yeast cell wall fragments.

[0066] T3. Add the crude oil to a molecular distillation apparatus, heat and distill, remove the fraction, and collect the undistilled material to produce omega-3 oil;

[0067] The conditions for the molecular distillation are feed preheating temperature of 25° C., condensed water temperature of 7° C., system operating pressure of 0.3 Pa, distillation temperature of 70° C., feed rate of 3 mL / min, and scraper speed of 150 r / min.

[0068] Preparation Example 5 Preparation of Omega-3 Liposome Particles

[0069] Here’s how:

[0070] S1. 10 g of soy lecithin, 15 g of the Omega-3 oil prepared in Preparation Example 2, 4 g of cholesterol, and 1 g of vitamin E were added to 500 mL of dichloromethane to form a clear solution, which was heated to 45 ° C. The organic solvent was removed by rotary evaporation and dried to form a transparent lipid film;

[0071] S2. 1 g of theanine-salicylic acid complex prepared in Preparation Example 1 was dissolved in 100 g of phosphate buffer at pH 6.8, added to the system of step S1, hydrated at room temperature for 1 h, and sonicated at 1000 W for 20 min to obtain an Omega-3 liposome suspension;

[0072] S3. 10 g of β-cyclodextrin was dissolved in 200 mL of phosphate buffer at pH 6.8, 100 g of Omega-3 liposome suspension was added, the mixture was stirred and spray-dried to obtain Omega-3 liposome particles;

[0073] The pump flow rate of the spray drying is 1.5m 3 / min, inlet temperature is 130℃, outlet temperature is 30℃.

[0074] Preparation Example 6 Preparation of Omega-3 Liposome Particles

[0075] Here’s how:

[0076] S1. 12 g of soy lecithin, 20 g of the Omega-3 oil prepared in Preparation Example 3, 7 g of cholesterol, and 2 g of vitamin E were added to 500 mL of dichloromethane to form a clear solution, which was heated to 55 ° C. The organic solvent was removed by rotary evaporation and dried to form a transparent lipid film;

[0077] S2. 2 g of theanine-salicylic acid complex prepared in Preparation Example 1 was dissolved in 100 g of phosphate buffer at pH 7.2 and added to the system of step S1. The mixture was hydrated at room temperature for 3 h and ultrasonically treated at 2000 W for 40 min to obtain an Omega-3 liposome suspension.

[0078] S3. 15 g of β-cyclodextrin was dissolved in 200 mL of phosphate buffer having a pH of 7.2, 100 g of Omega-3 liposome suspension was added, the mixture was stirred and mixed, and spray-dried to obtain Omega-3 liposome particles;

[0079] The pump flow rate of the spray drying is 2m 3 / min, inlet temperature is 170℃, outlet temperature is 40℃.

[0080] Preparation Example 7 Preparation of Omega-3 Liposome Particles

[0081] Here’s how:

[0082] S1. 11 g of soy lecithin, 17 g of Omega-3 oil obtained in Preparation Example 4, 5.5 g of cholesterol, and 1.5 g of vitamin E were added to 500 mL of dichloromethane to form a clear solution, which was heated to 50 ° C. The organic solvent was removed by rotary evaporation and dried to form a transparent lipid film;

[0083] S2. 1.5 g of theanine-salicylic acid complex prepared in Preparation Example 1 was dissolved in 100 g of phosphate buffer at pH 7 and added to the system of step S1. The mixture was hydrated at room temperature for 2 h and ultrasonically treated at 1500 W for 30 min to obtain an Omega-3 liposome suspension.

[0084] S3. 12 g of β-cyclodextrin was dissolved in 200 mL of phosphate buffer at pH 7, 100 g of Omega-3 liposome suspension was added, the mixture was stirred and spray-dried to obtain Omega-3 liposome particles;

[0085] The pump flow rate of the spray drying is 1.7m 3 / min, inlet temperature is 150℃, and outlet temperature is 35℃.

[0086] Comparative Preparation Example 3

[0087] Compared with Preparation Example 7, the difference is that theanine-salicylic acid complex is not added.

[0088] The details are as follows:

[0089] S1. 11 g of soy lecithin, 17 g of Omega-3 oil obtained in Preparation Example 4, 5.5 g of cholesterol, and 1.5 g of vitamin E were added to 500 mL of dichloromethane to form a clear solution, which was heated to 50 ° C. The organic solvent was removed by rotary evaporation and dried to form a transparent lipid film;

[0090] S2. 100 g of phosphate buffer with a pH of 7 was added to the system of step S1, hydrated at room temperature for 2 h, and ultrasonically treated at 1500 W for 30 min to obtain an Omega-3 liposome suspension;

[0091] S3. 12 g of β-cyclodextrin was dissolved in 200 mL of phosphate buffer at pH 7, 100 g of Omega-3 liposome suspension was added, the mixture was stirred and spray-dried to obtain Omega-3 liposome particles;

[0092] The pump flow rate of the spray drying is 1.7m 3 / min, inlet temperature is 150℃, and outlet temperature is 35℃.

[0093] Comparative Preparation Example 4

[0094] Compared with Preparation Example 7, the difference is that vitamin E is not added.

[0095] The details are as follows:

[0096] S1. 11 g of soy lecithin, 17 g of the Omega-3 oil prepared in Preparation Example 4, and 5.5 g of cholesterol were added to 500 mL of dichloromethane to form a clear solution, which was heated to 50 ° C. The organic solvent was removed by rotary evaporation and dried to form a transparent lipid film;

[0097] S2. 1.5 g of theanine-salicylic acid complex prepared in Preparation Example 1 was dissolved in 100 g of phosphate buffer at pH 7 and added to the system of step S1. The mixture was hydrated at room temperature for 2 h and ultrasonically treated at 1500 W for 30 min to obtain an Omega-3 liposome suspension.

[0098] S3. 12 g of β-cyclodextrin was dissolved in 200 mL of phosphate buffer at pH 7, 100 g of Omega-3 liposome suspension was added, the mixture was stirred and spray-dried to obtain Omega-3 liposome particles;

[0099] The pump flow rate of the spray drying is 1.7m 3 / min, inlet temperature is 150℃, and outlet temperature is 35℃.

[0100] Comparative Preparation Example 5

[0101] Compared with Preparation Example 7, the difference is that step S3 is not performed, and the Omega-3 liposome suspension prepared in step S2 is freeze-dried to prepare Omega-3 liposomes.

[0102] The details are as follows:

[0103] S1. 11 g of soy lecithin, 17 g of Omega-3 oil obtained in Preparation Example 4, 5.5 g of cholesterol, and 1.5 g of vitamin E were added to 500 mL of dichloromethane to form a clear solution, which was heated to 50 ° C. The organic solvent was removed by rotary evaporation and dried to form a transparent lipid film;

[0104] S2. 1.5 g of theanine-salicylic acid complex prepared in Preparation Example 1 was dissolved in 100 g of phosphate buffer at pH 7, added to the system of step S1, hydrated at room temperature for 2 h, sonicated at 1500 W for 30 min, and freeze-dried to obtain Omega-3 liposomes.

[0105] Example 1

[0106] This embodiment provides a chicken feed rich in Omega-3.

[0107] Raw material composition (parts by weight): 10 parts of Omega-3 liposome particles prepared in Preparation Example 5, 4 parts of sesame meal fermentation product prepared in Preparation Example 2, 1 part of Bacillus subtilis, 0.5 parts of vitamins, 0.02 parts of biotin, 0.05 parts of thiamine, 2 parts of inorganic salts, 3 parts of amino acids, 2 parts of selenium-enriched yeast wall-broken material prepared in Preparation Example 2, 12 parts of straw powder, 15 parts of fish meal, 3 parts of Artemisia annua, and 1 part of Rhodiola rosea.

[0108] The vitamins include vitamin E, vitamin B2, vitamin C, folic acid, niacin and pantothenic acid in a mass ratio of 4:5:2:1:0.5:0.2.

[0109] The inorganic salts include sodium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium phosphate, magnesium chloride, copper chloride, zinc chloride, manganese chloride and ferric chloride in a mass ratio of 10:4:2:1:0.5:0.5:0.2:0.7.

[0110] The amino acids include methionine, lysine, tryptophan and threonine, with a mass ratio of 1:2:1:0.5.

[0111] The preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0112] (1) Drying and crushing Artemisia annua and Rhodiola rosea to prepare a mixed powder;

[0113] (2) The mixed powder, Omega-3 liposome particles, sesame meal fermentation product, Bacillus subtilis, vitamins, biotin, thiamine, inorganic salts, amino acids, selenium-enriched yeast wall material, straw powder, and fish meal were stirred and mixed for 30 minutes to prepare Omega-3-rich chicken feed.

[0114] Example 2

[0115] This embodiment provides a chicken feed rich in Omega-3.

[0116] Raw material composition (parts by weight): 12 parts of Omega-3 liposome particles prepared in Preparation Example 6, 6 parts of sesame meal fermentation product prepared in Preparation Example 3, 2 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 1 part of vitamins, 0.05 parts of biotin, 0.1 parts of thiamine, 3.5 parts of inorganic salts, 5 parts of amino acids, 4 parts of selenium-enriched yeast wall-broken material prepared in Preparation Example 3, 17 parts of straw powder, 20 parts of fish meal, 7 parts of Artemisia annua, and 3 parts of Rhodiola rosea.

[0117] The vitamins include vitamin E, vitamin B2, vitamin C, folic acid, niacin and pantothenic acid in a mass ratio of 7:9:3:2:1:0.7.

[0118] The inorganic salts include sodium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium phosphate, magnesium chloride, copper chloride, zinc chloride, manganese chloride and ferric chloride in a mass ratio of 12:7:4:2:1:1:0.4:1.2.

[0119] The amino acids include methionine, lysine, tryptophan and threonine, with a mass ratio of 3:4:2:1.

[0120] The preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0121] (1) Drying and crushing Artemisia annua and Rhodiola rosea to prepare a mixed powder;

[0122] (2) The mixed powder, Omega-3 liposome particles, sesame meal fermentation product, Bacillus subtilis, vitamins, biotin, thiamine, inorganic salts, amino acids, selenium-enriched yeast wall material, straw powder, and fish meal were stirred and mixed for 30 minutes to prepare Omega-3-rich chicken feed.

[0123] Example 3

[0124] This embodiment provides a chicken feed rich in Omega-3.

[0125] Raw material composition (parts by weight): 11 parts of Omega-3 liposome particles prepared in Preparation Example 7, 5 parts of sesame meal fermentation product prepared in Preparation Example 4, 1.5 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 0.7 parts of vitamins, 0.035 parts of biotin, 0.07 parts of thiamine, 2.9 parts of inorganic salts, 4 parts of amino acids, 3 parts of selenium-enriched yeast wall-broken material prepared in Preparation Example 4, 15 parts of straw powder, 17 parts of fish meal, 5 parts of Artemisia annua, and 2 parts of Rhodiola rosea.

[0126] The mass ratio of the vitamins including vitamin E, vitamin B2, vitamin C, folic acid, niacin and pantothenic acid is 5.5:7:2.3:1.5:0.7:0.5.

[0127] The inorganic salts include sodium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium phosphate, magnesium chloride, copper chloride, zinc chloride, manganese chloride and ferric chloride in a mass ratio of 11:5.5:3:1.5:0.7:0.7:0.3:1.

[0128] The amino acids include methionine, lysine, tryptophan and threonine, with a mass ratio of 2:3:1.5:0.7.

[0129] The preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0130] (1) Drying and crushing Artemisia annua and Rhodiola rosea to prepare a mixed powder;

[0131] (2) The mixed powder, Omega-3 liposome particles, sesame meal fermentation product, Bacillus subtilis, vitamins, biotin, thiamine, inorganic salts, amino acids, selenium-enriched yeast wall material, straw powder, and fish meal were stirred and mixed for 30 minutes to prepare Omega-3-rich chicken feed.

[0132] Comparative Example 1

[0133] Compared with Example 3, the difference is that the sesame meal fermentation product is prepared by Comparative Preparation Example 1.

[0134] Comparative Example 2

[0135] Compared with Example 3, the difference is that the sesame meal fermentation product is prepared by Comparative Preparation Example 2.

[0136] Comparative Example 3

[0137] Compared with Example 3, the difference is that the Omega-3 liposome particles are replaced by the product prepared in Comparative Preparation Example 3.

[0138] Comparative Example 4

[0139] Compared with Example 3, the difference is that the Omega-3 liposome particles are replaced by the product prepared in Comparative Preparation Example 4.

[0140] Comparative Example 5

[0141] Compared with Example 3, the difference is that the Omega-3 liposome particles are replaced by the product prepared in Comparative Preparation Example 5.

[0142] Test Example 1

[0143] The omega-3-rich chicken feeds prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-7 of the present invention were subjected to component testing. Crude protein was determined using GB / T 6432-2018, "Determination of crude protein in feeds - Kjeldahl method." Crude fat was determined using GB / T 6433-2006, "Determination of crude fat in feeds." Crude fiber was determined using GB / T 6434-2006, "Determination of crude fiber content in feeds - filtration method." Calcium, iron, and zinc were determined using GB / T 13885-2017, "Determination of calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium, sodium, and zinc content in feeds - Atomic absorption spectrometry." Total phosphorus was determined using GB / T 6437-2018, "Determination of total phosphorus in feeds - Spectrophotometric method." Selenium was determined using GB / T 13883-2008, "Determination of selenium in feeds." Omega-3 was determined according to GB5009.168-2016, National Food Safety Standard for the Determination of Fatty Acids in Foods. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0144] Table 1

[0145]

[0146] As can be seen from the above table, the Omega-3-rich chicken feed prepared in Examples 1-3 of the present invention has relatively rich nutritional components.

[0147] Test Example 2

[0148] The experiment was conducted using healthy green onion chickens weighing nearly 0.45 kg, and they were randomly divided into a control group, Example 1-3 groups, and Comparative Example 1-5 groups, with 10 chickens in each group. The age and weight of the chickens in each group were basically the same, and hens were selected for the experiment. The control group was fed with a basic feed. The basic feed and the corresponding chicken feed rich in Omega-3 were mixed evenly in a ratio of 5:1 in Example 1-3 and Comparative Example 1-5 groups. All experimental laying hens were raised in three-layer cages, and the light, temperature and ventilation were controlled during the experimental period. Drinking water was supplied unlimitedly throughout the day, and feed was added once at 08:00 and 18:00 every day. The chickens were free to eat, the lighting time was guaranteed to be 16 hours, the feces were automatically cleaned, and the immunization and disinfection procedures were carried out routinely to ensure the environmental hygiene quality in the chicken house. The pre-feeding period was 7 days. There was no significant difference in egg production rate between the treatment groups and the repetitions before the start of the experiment. The main test period was 56 days.

[0149] The composition and nutritional level of the basal feed are shown in Table 2.

[0150] Table 2

[0151] Feed composition (content wt%) Nutritional levels Corn 65.00 Metabolizable energy (MJ / kg) 15.78 Soybean meal 23.00 Crude protein (%) 15.32 Soybean oil 1.00 Lysine (%) 0.78 Stone powder 6.00 Methionine (%) 0.25 Premix 5.00 Calcium (%) 3.67 Total 100.00 Total phosphorus (%) 0.67

[0152] Note: Premix provides per kg of feed: VA 10000 IU, VD 34000 IU, VE 28 IU, VK 33 mg, VB14 mg, VB 210 mg, VB 120.08 mg, VB6 6 mg, VB5 18 mg, pyridoxine 8 mg, choline chloride 600 mg, biotin 0.3 mg, folic acid 1.0 mg, Cu 10 mg, Fe 60 mg, Zn 80 mg, Mn 90 mg, I 1 mg, Se 0.3 mg, calcium hydrogen phosphate 16 g; all nutrient levels are calculated values.

[0153] On day 57 of the formal experiment, five eggs were randomly selected from each replicate. Eggshell strength was measured using an eggshell strength analyzer, and Haugh units were measured using an egg quality analyzer. Selenium content in eggs was determined according to GB 5009.93-2017, National Food Safety Standard for the Determination of Selenium in Foods. Omega-3 content in eggs was determined according to GB 5009.168-2016, National Food Safety Standard for the Determination of Fatty Acids in Foods. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0154] Table 3

[0155]

[0156] Note: *P<0.05 compared with the control group.

[0157] As can be seen from the above table, the chicken feed rich in Omega-3 prepared in Examples 1-3 of the present invention can significantly improve the characteristics of eggs and the selenium content and Omega-3 content.

[0158] On the 57th day of the formal experiment, each group of experimental animals was weighed, and the initial weight and final weight were taken to calculate the average daily weight gain and average feed intake. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0159] Table 4

[0160]

[0161]

[0162] Note: *P<0.05 compared with the control group.

[0163] As can be seen from the above table, the chicken feed rich in Omega-3 prepared in Examples 1-3 of the present invention can significantly increase the daily average weight gain of chickens based on their feed intake.

[0164] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A chicken feed rich in Omega-3, characterized in that: The invention is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-12 parts of omega-3 liposome particles, 4-6 parts of sesame meal fermentation product, 1-2 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 0.5-1 parts of vitamins, 0.02-0.05 parts of biotin, 0.05-0.1 parts of thiamine, 2-3.5 parts of inorganic salts, 3-5 parts of amino acids, 2-4 parts of selenium-enriched yeast wall-broken material, 12-17 parts of straw powder, 15-20 parts of fish meal, 3-7 parts of Artemisia annua, and 1-3 parts of Rhodiola rosea. The preparation method of the Omega-3 liposome particles is as follows: S1. Soy lecithin, Omega-3 oil, cholesterol, and vitamin E were added to dichloromethane to form a clear solution, which was heated and evaporated to remove the organic solvent, and dried to form a transparent lipid film; the mass ratio of soy lecithin, Omega-3 oil, cholesterol, and vitamin E was 10-12:15-20:4-7:1-2; S2. The theanine-salicylic acid complex is dissolved in phosphate buffer, added to the system of step S1, hydrated, and sonicated to obtain an Omega-3 liposome suspension; the mass ratio of the theanine-salicylic acid complex to the phosphate buffer is 1-2:100; S3. β-cyclodextrin was dissolved in phosphate buffer, Omega-3 liposome suspension was added, stirred and mixed, and spray dried to obtain Omega-3 liposome particles; the pH value of the phosphate buffer was 6.8-7.2, and the mass ratio of the β-cyclodextrin and Omega-3 liposome suspension was 10-15:100; The preparation method of the theanine-salicylic acid complex is as follows: dissolving salicylic acid in hot water, adding N-hydroxysuccinimide and 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide, stirring to activate the reaction, adding theanine, stirring to react, adding acetone to precipitate, filtering, washing, and drying to obtain the theanine-salicylic acid complex; The preparation method of the Omega-3 oil, selenium-enriched yeast wall-broken material and sesame meal fermentation product is as follows: T1. Sesame meal was added to water, phytase and cellulase were added, and enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out by heating and stirring. Then, selenium-enriched yeast seed liquid was inoculated and enzymatic fermentation was carried out. The culture was filtered, the solid was washed, and the culture liquid was collected and freeze-dried to obtain selenium-enriched yeast slurry. The filtrate was extracted with petroleum ether, and the organic and aqueous layers were separated. The organic layer was crude oil; the aqueous layer was dialyzed and freeze-dried to obtain the sesame meal fermentation product. T2. Add selenium-enriched yeast slurry to water, add snail enzyme, heat and stir the reaction, inactivate the enzyme, dialyze, and freeze-dry to obtain selenium-enriched yeast cell wall fragments; T3. Add the crude oil to a molecular distillation apparatus, heat and distill, remove the fractions, and collect the undistilled substances to obtain Omega-3 oil.

2. The chicken feed rich in Omega-3 according to claim 1, characterized in that The heating temperature in step S1 is 45-55°C; the pH value of the phosphate buffer in step S2 is 6.8-7.2, the temperature of the hydration reaction is room temperature, the time is 1-3 hours, the power of the ultrasonic treatment is 1000-2000W, and the time is 20-40 minutes; the pump flow rate of the spray drying in step S3 is 1.5-2m 3 / min, inlet temperature is 130-170℃, outlet temperature is 30-40℃.

3. The chicken feed rich in Omega-3 according to claim 1, characterized in that The temperature of the hot water is 65-75°C, the molar ratio of salicylic acid, N-hydroxysuccinimide, 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide, and theanine is 1:1.2-1.4:1.2-1.4:0.95-1, the temperature of the activation reaction is room temperature, the time is 20-40 minutes, and the stirring reaction time is 10-12 hours.

4. The chicken feed rich in Omega-3 according to claim 1, characterized in that The mass ratio of sesame meal, phytase and cellulase in step T1 is 15-20:0.2-0.5:1-2, the temperature of the heated and stirred enzymolysis is 40-50°C, the time is 1-2h, and the bacterial content of the selenium-enriched yeast seed liquid is 10 8 -10 9 cfu / mL, the conditions of the enzymatic fermentation culture are 40-45°C, 100-200r / min, the fermentation culture is 36-48h, the pore size of the dialysis bag is 500-1000Da, and the dialysis time is 36-52h.

5. The chicken feed rich in Omega-3 according to claim 1, characterized in that The mass ratio of selenium-enriched yeast sludge and snail enzyme in step T2 is 100:5-7, the temperature of the heated and stirred reaction is 45-50°C, the time is 1-3h, the dialysis bag pore size is 500-1000Da, and the dialysis time is 24-36h; the conditions for the molecular distillation in step T3 are feed preheating temperature 20-30°C, condensed water 5-10°C, system operating pressure 0.2-0.4Pa, distillation temperature 55-70°C, feed rate 2-4mL / min, and scraper speed 100-200r / min.

6. The chicken feed rich in Omega-3 according to claim 1, characterized in that The vitamins include vitamin E, vitamin B2, vitamin C, folic acid, niacin, and pantothenic acid in a mass ratio of 4-7:5-9:2-3:1-2:0.5-1:0.2-0.7; the inorganic salts include sodium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium phosphate, magnesium chloride, copper chloride, zinc chloride, manganese chloride, and ferric chloride in a mass ratio of 10-12:4-7:2-4:1-2:0.5-1:0.5-1:0.2-0.4:0.7-1.2; and the amino acids include methionine, lysine, tryptophan, and threonine in a mass ratio of 1-3:2-4:1-2:0.5-1.

7. A method for preparing chicken feed rich in Omega-3 according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Drying and crushing Artemisia annua and Rhodiola rosea to prepare a mixed powder; (2) The mixed powder, Omega-3 liposome particles, sesame meal fermentation product, Bacillus subtilis, vitamins, biotin, thiamine, inorganic salts, amino acids, selenium-enriched yeast wall-broken material, straw powder, and fish meal are mixed evenly to prepare Omega-3-rich chicken feed.

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