Method and system for constructing distributed flood forecasting and dispatching model based on sub-basin

Abstract

The present invention provides a method and system for constructing a distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model based on a sub-basin, the method comprising: based on the extracted basic basin, dividing the calculation sub-basin in combination with the basin characteristics of the basin to be simulated and the regulation and storage function of the reservoir; combining the generated calculation sub-basin and the river network system, generating the spatiotemporal topological structure of the basin to be simulated based on the confluence path; obtaining the basic data base and the water and rainfall monitoring and perception system of the basin to be simulated, and performing the full-chain coupling design of the model on this basis; constructing a distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model for the basin to be simulated; using the constructed distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model to forecast the flood forecasting and scheduling process. The present invention makes full use of the basin water and rainfall monitoring and perception system and the data base, and can quickly and accurately simulate the flood process and flood elements of the calculation sub-basin and important sections within the basin, providing technical support for the scientific and reasonable formulation of flood control emergency plans, and providing decision-making support for flood control and disaster reduction work.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the fields of flood forecasting, reservoir dispatching, river confluence calculation technology and computational simulation within a watershed, and in particular to a method and system for constructing a distributed flood forecasting and dispatching model based on a sub-basin. Background Art

[0002] With the advancement of digital twin water conservancy construction, the water conservancy information infrastructure has gradually improved, the granularity of the water and rainfall monitoring station network has become higher and higher, and the frequency of data collection has also become higher and higher, forming a huge real-time database; with the water conservancy department's collection, organization and storage of basic data on water conservancy projects such as reservoirs and rivers, a complete basic data base has been formed, and terrain data and underlying surface conditions of different resolutions have been measured, organized and stored, forming a multi-precision terrain and geomorphological data base.

[0003] The existing technology generally uses a lumped flood forecasting model to forecast floods in the basin. However, the lumped flood forecasting model mainly forecasts the flood process of the basin outlet section, and cannot simulate the flood process of other important sections in the basin. It also does not make full use of the high-density rainfall station network, ignores the spatial variability of rainstorms, and mainly reflects human activities indirectly through model parameters, and cannot directly describe human activities such as reservoir regulation. Therefore, making full use of the information infrastructure and data base of digital twin water conservancy construction to build a computing sub-basin distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model based on the data base is of great significance to improving the accuracy of basin flood forecasting and improving the timeliness of flood forecasting. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a method and system for constructing a distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model based on a sub-basin, which can solve the technical problems that the lumped flood forecasting model in the prior art cannot simulate the flood process of other important sections in the basin, does not make full use of the high-density rainfall station network, ignores the spatial variability of heavy rain, and cannot directly describe human activities such as reservoir regulation.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for constructing a distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model based on a sub-basin, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Based on the extracted basic watershed, the sub-watershed is divided and calculated in combination with the watershed characteristics of the watershed to be simulated and the regulation and storage function of the reservoir;

[0007] Combine the generated calculation sub-basins and river network systems to generate the spatiotemporal topological structure of the basin to be simulated based on the confluence path;

[0008] Obtain the basic data base of the basin to be simulated and the water and rainfall monitoring and perception system, and conduct the full-chain coupling design of the model on this basis;

[0009] According to the data base, perception system, computing sub-basins, and spatiotemporal topological structure of the basin to be simulated, a distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model for the basin to be simulated is constructed;

[0010] The constructed distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model is used to forecast the flood forecasting and scheduling process in the basin to be simulated.

[0011] In combination with the first aspect, in one implementation, the calculation of dividing the sub-basins based on the extracted basic basin and combining the basin characteristics of the basin to be simulated and the reservoir regulation function specifically includes the following steps:

[0012] Based on the high-precision elevation data of the watershed to be simulated, the basic watershed is extracted and a basic watershed vector diagram is formed;

[0013] Combined with the high-precision elevation data of the watershed to be simulated, the extracted basic watershed vector map is partitioned to obtain the watershed characteristic partition map;

[0014] Conduct surveys on the sections with required flow and water level forecasts within the simulated basin, and form distribution vector diagrams of important sections;

[0015] Select the reservoirs with storage capacity exceeding the preset value within the simulated basin as important reservoirs to form a distribution vector diagram of important reservoirs;

[0016] On the basis of the basic watershed vector diagram, the watershed characteristic zoning map, the important section distribution vector diagram, and the important reservoir distribution vector diagram are superimposed to merge and trim the basic watershed, and divide the calculation sub-basin of the watershed to be simulated to form the calculation sub-basin result map of the watershed to be simulated.

[0017] In combination with the first aspect, in one implementation, the generating the spatiotemporal topological structure of the watershed to be simulated based on the confluence path by combining the generated calculation sub-watershed and the river network system specifically includes the following steps:

[0018] Generate the river network of the simulated basin based on the high-precision elevation data of the basin to be simulated;

[0019] According to the calculation sub-basins and river network of the watershed to be simulated, determine the confluence path of runoff in each calculation sub-basin;

[0020] According to the generated river network and the confluence path of runoff generated by each calculated sub-basin, the temporal topological structure of the calculated sub-basin and the river network is generated;

[0021] According to the generated river network and the confluence path of the runoff generated by each calculated sub-basin, the spatial topological structure of the calculated sub-basin and the river network is generated.

[0022] In combination with the first aspect, in one implementation, the basic data base of the watershed to be simulated and the water and rainfall monitoring perception system are obtained, and on this basis, the full-chain coupling design of the model is performed, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0023] Obtain basic data of the watershed to be simulated;

[0024] Obtain meteorological data of the watershed to be simulated;

[0025] Obtain real-time water regime data of the basin to be simulated;

[0026] Performing data preprocessing on the acquired meteorological data to obtain meteorological data preprocessing results;

[0027] Based on the meteorological data preprocessing results, the sub-basin runoff calculation module is coupled to calculate the sub-basin outlet section flow in the current period, and the basin rainfall status at the end of the current period is used as the basin rainfall status at the beginning of the next period;

[0028] Based on the results of the sub-basin runoff calculation module, the reservoir flood control calculation module is coupled to calculate the reservoir water level and discharge flow in the current period, and the reservoir water level state at the end of the current period is used as the reservoir water level state at the beginning of the next period;

[0029] Based on the results of the sub-basin runoff calculation module and the reservoir flood control calculation module, the river runoff calculation module is coupled, and the river section state at the end of the current period is used as the river section state at the beginning of the next period.

[0030] In combination with the first aspect, in one implementation, the distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model of the basin to be simulated is constructed according to the data base, the perception system, the computing sub-basin, and the spatiotemporal topological structure of the basin to be simulated, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0031] Collect basic data of the basin to be simulated, basic information and characteristic parameters of water conservancy projects, water and rainfall monitoring data, and weather forecast data, and store them in the standard database table structure;

[0032] Divide the computational sub-basins of the basin to be simulated, analyze the spatiotemporal topological structure, determine the surface rainfall calculation parameters, reservoir operation parameters and model parameters, and store them in the standard database table structure;

[0033] The database is configured for the basic data of the basin to be simulated, basic information and characteristic parameters of water conservancy projects, water and rainfall monitoring data, meteorological forecast data, calculation sub-basins, spatiotemporal topological structure, surface rainfall calculation parameters, reservoir scheduling parameters and model parameters to build a distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model for the basin to be simulated.

[0034] In combination with the first aspect, in one implementation, the constructed distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model is used to forecast the flood forecasting and scheduling process of the basin to be simulated, specifically including the following steps:

[0035] receiving model operation parameters of a distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model;

[0036] Initialize the distributed flood forecasting and dispatching model, complete model configuration, basic data base acquisition and perception information access;

[0037] Based on the received model operation parameters and the distributed flood forecasting and dispatching model that has been initialized, the meteorological preprocessing module is used to calculate the surface rainfall and evapotranspiration time series in the warm-up period and the forecast period respectively;

[0038] Based on the received model operation parameters and the distributed flood forecasting and dispatching model that has been initialized, the sub-basin runoff calculation module is used to simulate the flood process of the outlet section of each sub-basin;

[0039] Based on the received model operation parameters and the initialized distributed flood forecasting and dispatching model, the reservoir flood control calculation module is used to simulate the reservoir water level change process and the discharge flow process;

[0040] Based on the received model operation parameters and the initialized distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model, the river confluence calculation module is used to simulate the flood process along the section of the river.

[0041] In combination with the first aspect, in one implementation, the distributed flood forecasting and dispatching model based on the received model operation parameters and the initialized processing adopts a reservoir flood control calculation module to simulate the reservoir water level change process and the downstream flow process, specifically including the following steps:

[0042] The reservoir water level at the initial moment is read from the real-time water situation database as the initial water level for the forecast period. Combined with the simulated inflow process, water level-reservoir capacity curve, water level-discharge curve and scheduling procedures, the reservoir flood control calculation module is used to simulate the reservoir water level change process and the discharge flow process.

[0043] In combination with the first aspect, in one implementation, the distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model based on the received model operation parameters and the initialized processing adopts a river confluence calculation module to simulate the river flood evolution process, specifically including the following steps:

[0044] The river water level at the initial moment is read from the real-time water regime database as the initial water level for the forecast period. Combined with the simulated inflow flow process, the river confluence calculation module is used to simulate the flow process along the section of the river.

[0045] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a sub-basin-based distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model construction system, comprising:

[0046] The calculation sub-basin division module is used to extract the basic basin, and based on the extracted basic basin, the calculation sub-basin of the basin to be simulated is obtained by combining the basin characteristics of the basin to be simulated and the regulation and storage function of the reservoir;

[0047] A spatiotemporal topological structure generation module is connected to the computational sub-basin division module for combining the generated computational sub-basins and the river network system to generate a spatiotemporal topological structure of the basin to be simulated based on the confluence path;

[0048] The data base full-chain coupling design module is used to obtain the basic data base of the basin to be simulated and the water and rainfall monitoring perception system, and on this basis, conduct the full-chain coupling design of the model;

[0049] The flood forecasting and dispatching model construction module is connected to the spatiotemporal topological structure generation module and the data baseboard full-chain coupling design module, and is used to construct a distributed flood forecasting and dispatching model of the basin to be simulated based on the data baseboard, perception system, calculation sub-basin, and spatiotemporal topological structure of the basin to be simulated;

[0050] The watershed forecasting and scheduling simulation module is communicatively connected with the data backplane full-chain coupling design module and the flood forecasting and scheduling model construction module, and is used to use the constructed distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model to forecast the flood forecasting and scheduling process of the watershed to be simulated.

[0051] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one implementation, the calculation sub-watershed division module includes:

[0052] A basic watershed vector map extraction unit is used to extract the basic watershed based on the high-precision elevation data of the watershed to be simulated, and form a basic watershed vector map;

[0053] A watershed feature partition map acquisition unit is connected to the basic watershed vector map extraction unit for performing feature partitioning on the extracted basic watershed vector map in combination with high-precision elevation data of the watershed to be simulated, thereby acquiring a watershed feature partition map;

[0054] The important section distribution vector map acquisition unit is used to investigate the sections that need to predict the flow and water level within the simulated basin to form the important section distribution vector map;

[0055] The important reservoir distribution vector map acquisition unit is used to select reservoirs with a storage capacity exceeding a preset value within the simulated watershed as important reservoirs to form an important reservoir distribution vector map;

[0056] The calculation sub-basin division unit is communicatively connected with the basic basin vector map extraction unit, the basin characteristic zoning map acquisition unit, the important section distribution vector map acquisition unit and the important reservoir distribution vector map acquisition unit, and is used for superimposing the basin characteristic zoning map, the important section distribution vector map and the important reservoir distribution vector map on the basis of the basic basin vector map, merging and trimming the basic basin, dividing the calculation sub-basin of the basin to be simulated, and forming a calculation sub-basin result map of the basin to be simulated.

[0057] The beneficial effects brought about by the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention include at least:

[0058] The present invention provides a method for constructing a distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model based on a sub-basin, which makes full use of a full-coverage, high-granularity basin water and rainfall monitoring and perception system and a complete data base, and can quickly and accurately simulate the flood process and flood elements of sub-basins and important sections within the basin, provide technical support for the scientific and reasonable formulation of flood emergency plans, and provide decision-making support for flood prevention and disaster reduction work. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0059] Figure 1 A method flow chart of a method for constructing a sub-basin-based distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 2 A data flow diagram of a distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 3 A simulation calculation flow chart of a distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 4 A topological structure diagram of a calculation sub-basin and a river network provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 5 A flow process diagram of a simulated outlet section of a calculation sub-basin provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 6 A diagram showing the simulated inflow and outflow flow and reservoir water level change process of the Xianjue Temple Reservoir provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 7 A diagram of the simulated flow change process of a river section provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0066] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the scheme of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0067] The terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include steps or units that are not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices. The terms "first", "second" and "third" are used to distinguish different objects, etc., and do not represent a sequence, nor do they limit "first", "second" and "third" to different types.

[0068] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "exemplary", "for example" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations or explanations. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary", "for example" or "for example" in the embodiments of the present invention should not be interpreted as being more preferred or more advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of words such as "exemplary", "for example" or "for example" is intended to present related concepts in a specific way.

[0069] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, “ / ” means or. For example, A / B can mean A or B. The “and / or” in the text is merely a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, “multiple” refers to two or more than two.

[0070] In some processes described in the embodiments of the present invention, multiple operations or steps appearing in a specific order are included, but it should be understood that these operations or steps may not be executed in the order in which they appear in the embodiments of the present invention or may be executed in parallel, and the sequence numbers of the operations are only used to distinguish different operations, and the sequence numbers themselves do not represent any execution order. In addition, these processes may include more or fewer operations, and these operations or steps may be executed in sequence or in parallel, and these operations or steps may be combined.

[0071] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, an implementation mode of the present invention will be described in detail in one embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0072] First, please refer to Figure 1 The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for constructing a distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model based on a sub-basin, comprising the following steps:

[0073] Step S1: Based on the extracted basic watershed, the sub-watershed is divided and calculated in combination with the watershed characteristics of the watershed to be simulated and the regulation and storage function of the reservoir;

[0074] Step S2: combining the generated calculation sub-basins and river network systems, generating the spatiotemporal topological structure of the basin to be simulated based on the confluence path;

[0075] Step S3: Obtain the basic data base of the watershed to be simulated and the water and rainfall monitoring and perception system, and on this basis, conduct the full-chain coupling design of the model;

[0076] Step S4: construct a distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model for the basin to be simulated based on the data base, perception system, calculation sub-basin, and spatiotemporal topological structure of the basin to be simulated;

[0077] Step S5: using the constructed distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model to forecast the flood forecasting and scheduling process of the basin to be simulated.

[0078] In one embodiment, the step S1: based on the extracted basic watershed, the calculation sub-watershed is divided in combination with the watershed characteristics of the watershed to be simulated and the regulation and storage function of the reservoir, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0079] Step S11: extract the basic watershed from the high-precision elevation data of the watershed to be simulated; specifically, download the high-precision elevation data (DEM) of the watershed to be simulated, and use the hydrological analysis tool in ArcGIS to extract the basic watershed (e.g., the basic watershed area is 5km 2 ), forming a basic watershed vector diagram;

[0080] Step S12: combining the high-precision elevation data of the watershed to be simulated, dividing the watershed into different areas according to different watershed characteristics such as mountainous areas, hilly areas, and plain areas, and forming a watershed characteristic zoning map;

[0081] Step S13: investigating the sections where the flow and water level forecast is required, such as the hydrological stations and the sections where towns are located, within the simulated watershed, to form a distribution vector diagram of important sections where the flow and water level forecast is required;

[0082] Step S14: Conduct a survey on large, medium and small reservoirs within the simulated watershed, select reservoirs with a storage capacity exceeding a preset value as important reservoirs, increase the storage capacity of small, medium and large reservoirs in turn, and select medium-sized and above reservoirs as important reservoirs. Consider the storage and regulation functions of these important reservoirs to form a distribution vector map of important reservoirs;

[0083] Step S15: On the basis of the basic watershed vector map, the watershed characteristic zoning map, the important section distribution vector map, and the important reservoir distribution vector map are superimposed to merge and trim the basic watershed, divide the calculation sub-watershed, and form the calculation sub-watershed result map of the watershed to be simulated.

[0084] In one embodiment, the step S2: combining the generated calculation sub-basins and river network system, generating the spatiotemporal topological structure of the basin to be simulated based on the confluence path, specifically includes the following steps:

[0085] Step S21: Based on the high-precision elevation data (DEM) of the watershed to be simulated, the hydrological analysis tool in ArcGIS is used to generate a river network and form a river network map of the watershed to be simulated;

[0086] Step S22: Determine the confluence path of runoff generated in each computational sub-basin according to the computational sub-basin and the river network system of the watershed to be simulated; specifically, combine the computational sub-basin obtained by the computational sub-basin division method described in step S1 and the river network system generated in step S21, analyze the spatiotemporal topological relationship between the runoff generated in the computational sub-basin and the confluence path of the river network, determine the inflow river of the runoff generated in each computational sub-basin, and the confluence path of the river to the mainstream;

[0087] Step S23: Generate the temporal topological structure of the computational sub-basin and the river network water system according to the river network water system and the confluence path of the runoff generated by each computational sub-basin; specifically, superimpose the computational sub-basin result map and the river network water system map, and generate the temporal topological structure map of the computational sub-basin and the river network water system according to the confluence path of the watershed to be simulated, such as defining the mainstream river level as 1, the first-level tributary river level of the mainstream as 2, the inflow river level of the first-level tributary as 3, and so on;

[0088] Step S24: Generate the spatial topological structure of the calculated sub-basin and the river network water system according to the river network water system and the confluence path of the runoff generated by each calculated sub-basin; specifically, superimpose the calculated sub-basin result map and the river network water system map, and according to the relative position of the calculated sub-basin and the river network water system, use the distance measurement tool in ArcGIS to measure the starting distance of the confluence section, determine the section pile number, and generate the spatial topological structure map of the calculated sub-basin and the river network water system.

[0089] In one embodiment, the step S3: obtaining the basic data base of the watershed to be simulated and the water and rainfall monitoring and perception system, and on this basis, performing the full-chain coupling design of the model, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the specific steps include:

[0090] Step S31: access basic data; specifically, access the reservoir characteristic parameter database table, the rainfall station basic attribute table, the meteorological station basic attribute table, etc. in the form of accessing the database table;

[0091] Step S32: accessing meteorological data; specifically, accessing the real-time rainfall data of the measured rainfall station, the real-time meteorological data of the measured meteorological station, and the forecast meteorological data (including rainfall, maximum temperature, minimum temperature and average temperature) pushed by the Meteorological Bureau in the form of service in the form of accessing database tables;

[0092] Step S33: accessing real-time water condition data; specifically, accessing real-time water condition data of the reservoir in the form of accessing a database table according to the construction of the information infrastructure;

[0093] Step S34: preprocessing the meteorological data; specifically, obtaining meteorological data preprocessing results including a historical surface rainfall time series, a historical potential evapotranspiration time series, a forecast surface rainfall time series, and a forecast potential evapotranspiration time series through a meteorological preprocessing module (preprocessing the meteorological data);

[0094] Step S35: coupling the calculation module of the sub-basin flow generation and convergence; specifically, based on the meteorological data preprocessing result, coupling the calculation module of the sub-basin flow generation and convergence, simulating the flow of the outlet section of each calculation sub-basin in the current period, and taking the rainfall state of the basin at the end of the current period as the rainfall state of the basin at the beginning of the next period;

[0095] Step S36: coupling the reservoir flood control calculation module; specifically, based on the important reservoir inflow predicted by the calculation module of sub-basin runoff generation and confluence, coupling the reservoir flood control calculation module, simulating the reservoir water level and discharge flow in the current period, and taking the reservoir water level state at the end of the current period as the reservoir water level state at the beginning of the next period;

[0096] Step S37: coupling the river confluence calculation module; specifically, based on the results of the sub-basin runoff calculation module and the reservoir flood control calculation module, coupling the river confluence calculation module, simulating the flow and water level of the river section in the current period, and using the river section state at the end of the current period as the river section state at the beginning of the next period.

[0097] In one embodiment, the step S4: constructing a distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model for the basin to be simulated based on the data base, the perception system, the computing sub-basins, and the spatiotemporal topological structure of the basin to be simulated, specifically includes the following steps:

[0098] Step S41: Collect and analyze watershed data; specifically, collect basic data such as topography, elevation, and underlying surface conditions of the watershed to be simulated. In one embodiment, analyze the climate conditions (wet, dry, etc.), topography (hilly area, plain area), and runoff characteristics (over-seepage runoff, full storage runoff) of the watershed to be simulated.

[0099] Step S42: Collect and analyze water conservancy project data; specifically, collect basic data of water conservancy projects such as reservoirs and lakes in the basin to be simulated, select large and medium-sized reservoirs with strong flood control capabilities, and determine them as important reservoirs, and calculate their regulation and storage functions separately;

[0100] Step S43: Collect water and rainfall monitoring information; specifically, collect data from rainfall stations and meteorological stations in and near the simulated watershed, data from hydrological stations in the watershed, and water and rainfall data such as historical flood events and corresponding rainstorm processes, and determine database information of real-time water and rainfall data;

[0101] Step S44: Obtaining forecast rainfall and meteorological data; specifically, obtaining gridded forecast rainfall data and forecast meteorological data of the watershed to be simulated through the high-precision meteorological forecast service pushed by the Meteorological Bureau;

[0102] Step S45: dividing and storing calculation sub-basins; specifically, according to the method described in step S1, combined with the hydrological stations and important reservoirs determined in the above steps, the calculation sub-basins of the basin to be simulated are divided, and the required information is standardized in the form of a database table structure (see Table 1);

[0103] Step S46: parsing and storing the spatiotemporal topological structure; specifically, according to the method described in step S2, the spatiotemporal topological structure of the sub-basins and river network water system in the simulated basin is parsed to generate a topological structure diagram, and the topological structure diagram is standardized in the form of a database table structure (see Table 2);

[0104] Step S47: Determine the calculation parameters for the surface rainfall entering the reservoir; specifically, according to the calculation sub-basin range determined by the division and the specific location of the rain gauge station, use the "Create Thiessen Polygon" tool in ArcGIS to create Thiessen polygons of the rain gauge station for each calculation sub-basin, determine the Thiessen polygon coefficient required for the surface rainfall calculation, and standardize it in the form of a database table structure (see Table 3);

[0105] Step S48: Determine the dispatching parameters of the reservoirs entering the reservoir; specifically, collect the water level-storage capacity curve and water level-discharge curve of the important reservoirs, standardize them according to the requirements of the "Real-time Rainfall Database Table Structure and Identifier" (SL323-2011) and store them in the database; collect and review the dispatching procedures of the important reservoirs, standardize them in the form of database table structure and store them in the database (see Table 4);

[0106] Step S49: Determine and store model parameters; specifically, based on the topography and landforms, runoff characteristics, etc. in the watershed to be simulated, select the Xin'anjiang or API model to calculate the sub-basin flood forecast model, use the Muskingum method or hydrodynamic model to calculate the river confluence, and provide corresponding model parameters;

[0107] Step S410: configure the database; specifically, configure the database links such as the real-time rainfall data of the rain gauge station, the real-time water level data of the important reservoirs, and the weather forecast data to complete the construction of the distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model.

[0108] Table 1 Basic attributes of calculated sub-basin

[0109]

[0110] The fields in the table structure in Table 1 are described as follows:

[0111] 1) Watershed code: Calculate the sub-watershed code.

[0112] 2) River basin name: The river basin name corresponding to the river basin code.

[0113] 3) Basin area: Calculate the drainage area (km2) corresponding to the sub-basin.

[0114] 4) Forecast surface rainfall basin code: The forecast surface rainfall basin code corresponding to the calculation sub-basin (when falling rain is used for calculation, this field can be empty).

[0115] 5) Measured surface rainfall basin code: Calculate the measured surface rainfall basin code corresponding to the sub-basin.

[0116] 6) Measured meteorological station code: The measured meteorological station code corresponding to the calculation sub-basin (needed to be provided when the Xin'anjiang model is used).

[0117] 7) Forecast weather station code: The forecast weather station code corresponding to the calculation sub-basin (needed to be provided when the Xin'anjiang model is used).

[0118] Table 2 The relationship between the spatiotemporal topological structure of the sub-basin and the river network

[0119]

[0120] The fields in the table structure in Table 2 are described as follows:

[0121] 1) Watershed code: Calculate the sub-watershed code, which is unique.

[0122] 2) River basin name: The river basin name corresponding to the river basin code.

[0123] 3) Regulating reservoir code: When the basin outlet section is a reservoir dam, the corresponding reservoir code is given.

[0124] 4) Name of regulating reservoir: the name of the reservoir corresponding to the regulating reservoir code.

[0125] 5) Parent river code: Calculate the river code of the parent river where the sub-basin flows into.

[0126] 6) Name of the superior river: the name corresponding to the superior river code.

[0127] 7) Upper river level: the confluence level corresponding to the upper river (the main stream is 1, and the tributaries at all levels are accumulated downwards in sequence).

[0128] 8) Section pile number: Calculate the section pile number where the sub-basin flows into the upper river channel.

[0129] Table 3 Thiessen polygon weight coefficient table

[0130]

[0131] The fields in the table structure in Table 3 are described as follows:

[0132] 1) Watershed code: consistent with WSH_CODE in Table 1.

[0133] 2) Station code: the code of the measured rainfall station.

[0134] 3) Thiessen polygon weight coefficient: Thiessen polygon weight coefficient for calculating surface rainfall in each watershed.

[0135] Table 4 Reservoir dispatching regulations parameters

[0136]

[0137] The fields in the table structure in Table 4 are described as follows:

[0138] Reservoir code: It is consistent with RES_CODE_RETENTION in Table 2. Water level lower limit: When querying the reservoir dispatching regulations, the lower boundary of the reservoir water level interval threshold. Water level upper limit: When querying the reservoir dispatching regulations, the upper boundary of the reservoir water level interval threshold. Inflow lower limit: When querying the reservoir dispatching regulations, the lower boundary of the reservoir inflow interval threshold. Inflow upper limit: When querying the reservoir dispatching regulations, the upper boundary of the reservoir inflow interval threshold. Discharge mode: Determine the reservoir discharge mode under current conditions based on the reservoir water level and inflow: ① No flood discharge, only ecological flow;

[0139] ② How much comes out?

[0140] ③Fixed flow flood discharge;

[0141] ④ Calculate the leakage in real time.

[0142] The parameters related to the discharge flow are set as follows: When the discharge mode is 1, this parameter is the specified discharge ecological flow (m 3 / s);

[0143] When the discharge mode is 2, this parameter is the maximum discharge flow (m 3 / s);

[0144] When the discharge mode is 3, this parameter is a fixed flood discharge (m 3 / s);

[0145] When the discharge mode is 4, this parameter is the maximum flood discharge (m 3 / s).

[0146] In one embodiment, if Figure 2 As shown, the step S5: using the constructed distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model to forecast the flood forecasting and scheduling process of the basin to be simulated, specifically includes the following steps:

[0147] Step S51: receiving model operation parameters of the distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model; specifically, receiving model operation parameters such as start time, forecast period length, calculation time step, warm-up period length, etc.;

[0148] Step S52: Initialize the distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model; specifically, read the basic database of the basin to be simulated, the parameter database, etc., and complete the initialization of the distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model;

[0149] Step S53: Based on the received model operation parameters and the distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model that has been initialized, a meteorological preprocessing module is used to calculate the surface rainfall and evapotranspiration time series during the warm-up period and the forecast period;

[0150] Step S54: Based on the received model operation parameters and the distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model that has been initialized, the calculation sub-basin runoff calculation module is used to simulate the flood process of the outlet section of each calculation sub-basin; specifically, the measured rainfall data during the warm-up period is read from the real-time rainfall database, the measured meteorological data during the warm-up period is read from the real-time meteorological database, and the forecast meteorological data of the current period during the forecast period is read from the forecast meteorological database, the meteorological preprocessing module is used to preprocess the meteorological data, and the calculation sub-basin runoff calculation module is used to calculate the flood process of the outlet section of each calculation sub-basin;

[0151] Step S55: Based on the received model operation parameters and the distributed flood forecasting and dispatching model that has been initialized, a reservoir flood regulation calculation module is used to simulate the reservoir regulation process; specifically, the reservoir water level at the initial time is read from the real-time water condition database as the initial water level of the forecast period, and the reservoir water level change process and the downstream flow process are simulated by combining the simulated inflow process, the water level-reservoir capacity curve, the water level-discharge curve, the dispatching regulations, etc.;

[0152] Step S56: Based on the received model operation parameters and the initialized distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model, a river confluence calculation module is used to simulate the evolution of river floods. Specifically, the river water level at the initial moment is read from the real-time water situation database as the initial water level of the forecast period. Combined with the simulated inflow flow process (calculating the flow process of the sub-basin outlet section or the reservoir discharge flow process), the river confluence calculation module is used to simulate the flow process of the sections along the river to determine the flood elements of important sections.

[0153] The sub-basin-based distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model construction method provided by the present invention is based on a data base and modularized, and makes full use of a high-granularity rainfall station network, a high-collection frequency water level monitoring station network, a basic database, and a terrain database. It can fully consider the spatial variability of rainstorms and topography, and directly describe human activities such as reservoir regulation. At the same time, by using a computational sub-basin distributed model, it can simulate the flood process of any important section within the basin, provide technical support for improving the accuracy and timeliness of flood forecasting, and provide reliable guarantee for the scientific and reasonable formulation of flood emergency plans.

[0154] In a specific embodiment, the present invention discloses a method for constructing a distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model based on a sub-basin, comprising the following steps:

[0155] Step 1: The watershed profile of the watershed to be simulated is as follows:

[0156] Suizhou is located in the northern part of Hubei Province, on the dividing line between north and south China. It has a subtropical monsoon climate, with abundant sunlight and heat, and rain and heat in the same season. Suizhou's terrain is high in the north and south and low in the middle. The north is Tongbai Mountain, the east is Dabie Mountain, and the south is Dahong Mountain. The north is the watershed between the Yangtze River and the Huai River, and the west and south are the watersheds between the Fushan River and the Han River. The special landform has created the characteristics of "three mountains guarding Suizhou, and hundreds of rivers flowing out of the country".

[0157] Suizhou urban area catchment area is the upper reaches of Fushan River, with a drainage area of ​​5400km 2, which is a hilly area, prone to "tuozi rain", with sudden rise and fall of floods, which is very destructive. The water system in the study area is in the shape of a forked tree branch, with the main stream of Fushan River as the main stream. From upstream to downstream, the main tributaries on the left bank are Lushui, Lushui and Piaoshui, all of which originate from the southern foot of Tongbai Mountain; the main tributaries on the right bank are Junchuan and Langhe, all of which originate from the northern foot of Dahong Mountain. There are six large reservoirs in the upstream basin of Suizhou City, including Dahongshan Reservoir, Heiwuwan Reservoir, Wushan Reservoir, Fengjiangkou Reservoir, Tianhekou Reservoir and Xianjuemiao Reservoir, which have strong regulation capabilities.

[0158] Step 2: Divide and obtain the calculation sub-basins of the basin to be simulated, as follows:

[0159] According to the method described in step S1, the Fushan River basin above the urban area of ​​Suizhou is divided into 25 calculation sub-basins in combination with the hydrological stations, large reservoirs, and 6 gates in the urban area.

[0160] Step 3: Generate and calculate the spatiotemporal topological structure diagram of the sub-basin and river network, as follows:

[0161] Combined with the water system map of the Fushan River Basin above the urban area of ​​Suizhou and the calculation sub-basin division result map, according to the method described in step S2, a topological structure map of the calculation sub-basin and river network water system of the Fushan River Basin above the urban area of ​​Suizhou is generated, as shown in FIG. Figure 4 shown.

[0162] Step 4: Construct a distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model, as follows:

[0163] Based on the collection and analysis of the basic data of the Fushan River Basin above the urban area of ​​Suizhou, the collection of the basic data of 6 large reservoirs and the water and rainfall monitoring stations, combined with the calculation of the sub-basin division results, topological structure analysis and generation results, the Xin'anjiang model was selected to calculate the sub-basin flood forecast model, and the flood control calculations were performed on the 6 large reservoirs respectively. The Muskingum method was used for river confluence calculations, and a distributed flood forecasting and dispatching model was constructed, the corresponding model parameters were provided, and the database was configured. Limited by the meteorological forecast data, the ground rain and the actual meteorological data measured by the meteorological station were mainly used for flood forecasting in this implementation case.

[0164] Table 5 shows the basic attribute table of the calculation sub-basin, Table 6 shows the spatiotemporal topological relationship table between the calculation sub-basin and the river network, Table 7 shows the Thiessen polygon weight coefficient table, and Table 8 shows the parameter table of the scheduling procedures for 6 large reservoirs.

[0165] Table 5 Basic attributes of the calculated sub-basin

[0166]

[0167] Table 6 Spatiotemporal topological relationship between sub-basins and river networks

[0168]

[0169] Table 7 Thiessen polygon weight coefficient table

[0170]

[0171] Table 8 Parameters of the six large reservoir operation procedures

[0172]

[0173] Step 5: Check the simulation results of the flood forecast information of the basin to be simulated, as follows:

[0174] Select 8:00 on July 10, 2024 as the start time, the time period is 1 hour, the forecast period is 72 hours (end time is 8:00 on July 13), and the warm-up period of the Xinanjiang model is determined to be 90 days. After completing the construction of the distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model, you can view the model simulation results after running the model. Figure 5 The figure shows the simulated flood process at the outlet section of the Langhe River Basin. Figure 6 The figure shows the flow process of Xianjuemiao Reservoir in and out and the change process of reservoir water level. Figure 7 The figure shows the simulated flow change process of the 71+323 section of the main stream of the Fushan River (Yueshui). Figure 5 In the figure, the horizontal axis is date-time and the vertical axis is flow rate; Figure 6 In the figure, the horizontal axis is date-time, the vertical axis on the left is flow, and the vertical axis on the right is reservoir water level; Figure 7 In the figure, the horizontal axis is date-time and the vertical axis is flow rate.

[0175] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a sub-basin-based distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model construction system, including:

[0176] The calculation sub-basin division module is used to divide the calculation sub-basin of the basin to be simulated based on the extracted basic basin, combined with the basin characteristics of the basin to be simulated and the reservoir regulation function;

[0177] A spatiotemporal topological structure generation module is connected to the computational sub-basin division module for combining the generated computational sub-basins and the river network system to generate a spatiotemporal topological structure of the basin to be simulated based on the confluence path;

[0178] The data base full-chain coupling design module is used to obtain the basic data base of the basin to be simulated and the water and rainfall monitoring perception system, and on this basis, conduct the full-chain coupling design of the model;

[0179] The flood forecasting and dispatching model construction module is connected to the spatiotemporal topological structure generation module and the data baseboard full-chain coupling design module, and is used to construct a distributed flood forecasting and dispatching model of the basin to be simulated based on the data baseboard, perception system, calculation sub-basin, and spatiotemporal topological structure of the basin to be simulated;

[0180] The watershed forecasting and scheduling simulation module is communicatively connected with the data backplane full-chain coupling design module and the flood forecasting and scheduling model construction module, and is used to use the constructed distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model to forecast the flood forecasting and scheduling process of the watershed to be simulated.

[0181] In one embodiment, the calculation sub-watershed division module includes:

[0182] A basic watershed vector map extraction unit is used to extract a basic watershed vector map based on high-precision elevation data of the watershed to be simulated;

[0183] A watershed feature partition map acquisition unit is connected to the basic watershed vector map extraction unit for performing feature partitioning on the extracted basic watershed vector map in combination with high-precision elevation data of the watershed to be simulated, thereby acquiring a watershed feature partition map;

[0184] The important section distribution vector map acquisition unit is used to investigate the important sections within the simulated watershed that need to forecast flow and water level, and form an important section distribution vector map. The important sections are the sections within the simulated watershed that need to forecast flow and water level such as the sections where the hydrological stations and towns are located;

[0185] The important reservoir distribution vector map acquisition unit is used to investigate the large, medium and small reservoirs within the simulated basin, select reservoirs with storage capacity exceeding the preset value as important reservoirs, and consider the storage and regulation functions of these important reservoirs to form an important reservoir distribution vector map;

[0186] The calculation sub-basin division unit is communicatively connected with the basic basin vector map extraction unit, the basin characteristic zoning map acquisition unit, the important section distribution vector map acquisition unit and the important reservoir distribution vector map acquisition unit, and is used for superimposing the basin characteristic zoning map, the important section distribution vector map and the important reservoir distribution vector map on the basis of the basic basin vector map, merging and trimming the basic basin, dividing the calculation sub-basin of the basin to be simulated, and forming a calculation sub-basin result map of the basin to be simulated.

[0187] Among them, the functional implementation of each module in the above-mentioned sub-basin-based distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model construction system corresponds to the steps in the above-mentioned sub-basin-based distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model construction method embodiment, and its functions and implementation process will not be repeated here one by one.

[0188] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a sub-basin-based distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model construction device, which can be a personal computer (PC), a laptop computer, a server, or other device with data processing capabilities.

[0189] The communication interface includes input / output (I / O) interface, physical interface and logical interface, etc., which are used to realize the interconnection of devices inside the sub-basin-based distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model construction device, and the interface used to realize the interconnection between the sub-basin-based distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model construction device and other devices (such as other computing devices or user devices). The physical interface can be an Ethernet interface, a fiber optic interface, an ATM interface, etc.; the user device can be a display (Display), a keyboard (Keyboard), etc.

[0190] The memory can be various types of storage media, such as random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), non-volatile RAM (NVRAM), flash memory, optical storage, hard disk, programmable ROM (PROM), erasable PROM (EPROM), electrically erasable PROM (EEPROM), etc.

[0191] The processor may be a general-purpose processor, which may call the sub-basin-based distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model construction program stored in the memory, and execute the sub-basin-based distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model construction method provided in the embodiment of the present invention. For example, the general-purpose processor may be a central processing unit (CPU). The method executed when the sub-basin-based distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model construction program is called may refer to the various embodiments of the sub-basin-based distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model construction method of the present invention, which will not be repeated here.

[0192] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a readable storage medium.

[0193] The readable storage medium of the present invention stores a sub-basin-based distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model construction program, wherein when the sub-basin-based distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model construction program is executed by a processor, the steps of the sub-basin-based distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model construction method as described above are implemented.

[0194] Among them, the method implemented when the sub-basin-based distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model construction program is executed can refer to the various embodiments of the sub-basin-based distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model construction method of the present invention, which will not be repeated here.

[0195] It should be noted that the serial numbers of the above embodiments of the present invention are only for description and do not represent the advantages or disadvantages of the embodiments.

[0196] Through the description of the above implementation methods, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the above-mentioned embodiment methods can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and of course by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the present invention is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art can be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) as described above, and includes a number of instructions for a terminal device to execute the methods described in each embodiment of the present invention.

[0197] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model based on a sub-basin, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Based on the extracted basic watershed, the calculation sub-watershed of the watershed to be simulated is obtained by combining the watershed characteristics of the watershed to be simulated and the regulation and storage function of the reservoir; The method of obtaining the calculation sub-basin of the basin to be simulated based on the extracted basic basin and combining the basin characteristics of the basin to be simulated and the reservoir regulation function specifically includes the following steps: Extract basic watershed vector map based on high-precision elevation data of the watershed to be simulated; Combined with the high-precision elevation data of the watershed to be simulated, the extracted basic watershed vector map is partitioned to obtain the watershed characteristic partition map; Conduct surveys on important sections that require forecast flow and water level within the simulated basin, and form distribution vector diagrams of important sections; Select the reservoirs with storage capacity exceeding the preset value within the simulated basin as important reservoirs to form a distribution vector diagram of important reservoirs; On the basis of the basic basin vector map, the basin characteristic zoning map, the important section distribution vector map, and the important reservoir distribution vector map are superimposed to merge and trim the basic basin, divide the calculation sub-basin of the basin to be simulated, and form the calculation sub-basin result map of the basin to be simulated; Combine the generated calculation sub-basins and river network systems to generate the spatiotemporal topological structure of the basin to be simulated based on the confluence path; The method combines the generated calculation sub-basins and river network systems to generate the spatiotemporal topological structure of the basin to be simulated based on the confluence path, specifically including the following steps: Based on the high-precision elevation data of the watershed to be simulated, the river network water system of the watershed to be simulated is generated; According to the calculation sub-basins and river network of the basin to be simulated, determine the confluence path of runoff in each calculation sub-basin; According to the generated river network and the confluence path of runoff generated by each calculated sub-basin, the temporal topological structure of the calculated sub-basin and the river network is generated; According to the generated river network and the confluence path of runoff generated by each calculated sub-basin, the spatial topological structure of the calculated sub-basin and the river network is generated; Obtain the basic data base of the basin to be simulated and the water and rainfall monitoring and perception system, and conduct the full-chain coupling design of the model on this basis; According to the data base, perception system, computing sub-basins, and spatiotemporal topological structure of the basin to be simulated, a distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model for the basin to be simulated is constructed; The constructed distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model is used to forecast the flood forecasting and scheduling process in the basin to be simulated.

2. The method for constructing a sub-basin-based distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of obtaining the basic data base of the watershed to be simulated and the water and rainfall monitoring and perception system, and conducting the full-chain coupling design of the model on this basis, specifically includes the following steps: Obtain basic data of the watershed to be simulated; Obtain meteorological data of the watershed to be simulated; Obtain real-time water regime data of the basin to be simulated; Performing data preprocessing on the acquired meteorological data to obtain meteorological data preprocessing results; Based on the meteorological data preprocessing results, the sub-basin runoff calculation module is coupled to calculate the sub-basin outlet section flow in the current period, and the basin rainfall status at the end of the current period is used as the basin rainfall status at the beginning of the next period; Based on the results of the sub-basin runoff calculation module, the reservoir flood control calculation module is coupled to calculate the reservoir water level and discharge flow in the current period, and the reservoir water level state at the end of the current period is used as the reservoir water level state at the beginning of the next period; Based on the results of the sub-basin runoff calculation module and the reservoir flood control calculation module, the river runoff calculation module is coupled, and the river section state at the end of the current period is used as the river section state at the beginning of the next period.

3. The method for constructing a sub-basin-based distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distributed flood forecasting and dispatching model for the basin to be simulated is constructed according to the data base, the perception system, the calculation sub-basin, and the spatiotemporal topological structure of the basin to be simulated, and specifically includes the following steps: Collect basic data of the basin to be simulated, basic information and characteristic parameters of water conservancy projects, water and rainfall monitoring data, and weather forecast data, and store them in the standard database table structure; Divide the computational sub-basins of the basin to be simulated, analyze the spatiotemporal topological structure, determine the surface rainfall calculation parameters, reservoir operation parameters and model parameters, and store them in the standard database table structure; The database is configured for the basic data of the basin to be simulated, basic information and characteristic parameters of water conservancy projects, water and rainfall monitoring data, meteorological forecast data, calculation sub-basins, spatiotemporal topological structure, surface rainfall calculation parameters, reservoir scheduling parameters and model parameters to build a distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model for the basin to be simulated.

4. The method for constructing a sub-basin-based distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The constructed distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model is used to forecast the flood forecasting and scheduling process of the basin to be simulated, which specifically includes the following steps: receiving model operation parameters of a distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model; Initialize the distributed flood forecasting and dispatching model, complete model configuration, basic data base acquisition and perception information access; Based on the received model operation parameters and the distributed flood forecasting and dispatching model that has been initialized, the meteorological preprocessing module is used to calculate the surface rainfall time series during the warm-up period and the forecast period; Based on the received model operation parameters and the distributed flood forecasting and dispatching model that has been initialized, the sub-basin runoff calculation module is used to simulate the flood process of the outlet section of each sub-basin; Based on the received model operation parameters and the initialized distributed flood forecasting and dispatching model, the reservoir flood control calculation module is used to simulate the reservoir water level change process and the discharge flow process; Based on the received model operation parameters and the initialized distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model, the river confluence calculation module is used to simulate the flood process along the section of the river.

5. The method for constructing a sub-basin-based distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model according to claim 4, characterized in that: The distributed flood forecasting and dispatching model based on the received model operation parameters and the initialized processing adopts a reservoir flood control calculation module to simulate the reservoir water level change process and the downstream flow process, which specifically includes the following steps: The reservoir water level at the initial moment is read from the real-time water situation database as the initial water level for the forecast period. Combined with the simulated inflow process, water level-reservoir capacity curve, water level-discharge curve and scheduling procedures, the reservoir flood control calculation module is used to simulate the reservoir water level change process and the discharge flow process.

6. The method for constructing a sub-basin-based distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distributed flood forecasting and dispatching model based on the received model operation parameters and the initialized processing adopts a river confluence calculation module to simulate the river flood evolution process, which specifically includes the following steps: The river water level at the initial moment is read from the real-time water regime database as the initial water level for the forecast period. Combined with the simulated inflow flow process, the river confluence calculation module is used to simulate the flow process along the section of the river.

7. A distributed flood forecasting and dispatching model construction system based on sub-basin, characterized in that: include: The calculation sub-basin division module is used to divide the calculation sub-basin of the basin to be simulated based on the extracted basic basin, combined with the basin characteristics of the basin to be simulated and the reservoir regulation function; The calculation sub-basin of the basin to be simulated is obtained by combining the basin characteristics of the basin to be simulated and the reservoir regulation function based on the extracted basic basin, which specifically includes: Extract basic watershed vector map based on high-precision elevation data of the watershed to be simulated; Combined with the high-precision elevation data of the watershed to be simulated, the extracted basic watershed vector map is partitioned to obtain the watershed characteristic partition map; Conduct surveys on important sections that require forecast flow and water level within the simulated basin, and form distribution vector diagrams of important sections; Select the reservoirs with storage capacity exceeding the preset value within the simulated basin as important reservoirs to form a distribution vector diagram of important reservoirs; On the basis of the basic basin vector map, the basin characteristic zoning map, the important section distribution vector map, and the important reservoir distribution vector map are superimposed to merge and trim the basic basin, divide the calculation sub-basin of the basin to be simulated, and form the calculation sub-basin result map of the basin to be simulated; A spatiotemporal topological structure generation module is connected to the computational sub-basin division module for combining the generated computational sub-basins and the river network system to generate a spatiotemporal topological structure of the basin to be simulated based on the confluence path; The method combines the generated calculation sub-basins and river network systems to generate the spatiotemporal topological structure of the basin to be simulated based on the confluence path, specifically including the following steps: Based on the high-precision elevation data of the watershed to be simulated, the river network water system of the watershed to be simulated is generated; According to the calculation sub-basins and river network of the basin to be simulated, determine the confluence path of runoff in each calculation sub-basin; According to the generated river network and the confluence path of runoff generated by each calculated sub-basin, the temporal topological structure of the calculated sub-basin and the river network is generated; According to the generated river network and the confluence path of runoff generated by each calculated sub-basin, the spatial topological structure of the calculated sub-basin and the river network is generated; The data base full-chain coupling design module is used to obtain the basic data base of the basin to be simulated and the water and rainfall monitoring perception system, and on this basis, conduct the full-chain coupling design of the model; The flood forecasting and dispatching model construction module is connected to the spatiotemporal topological structure generation module and the data baseboard full-chain coupling design module, and is used to construct a distributed flood forecasting and dispatching model of the basin to be simulated based on the data baseboard, perception system, calculation sub-basin, and spatiotemporal topological structure of the basin to be simulated; The watershed forecasting and scheduling simulation module is communicatively connected with the data backplane full-chain coupling design module and the flood forecasting and scheduling model construction module, and is used to use the constructed distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model to forecast the flood forecasting and scheduling process of the watershed to be simulated.

8. The sub-basin-based distributed flood forecasting and scheduling model construction system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The calculation sub-watershed division module includes: A basic watershed vector map extraction unit is used to extract a basic watershed vector map based on high-precision elevation data of the watershed to be simulated; A watershed feature partition map acquisition unit is connected to the basic watershed vector map extraction unit for performing feature partitioning on the extracted basic watershed vector map in combination with high-precision elevation data of the watershed to be simulated, thereby acquiring a watershed feature partition map; The important section distribution vector map acquisition unit is used to investigate the important sections that need to predict the flow and water level within the simulated basin, and form the important section distribution vector map; The important reservoir distribution vector map acquisition unit is used to select reservoirs with a storage capacity exceeding a preset value within the simulated watershed as important reservoirs to form an important reservoir distribution vector map; The calculation sub-basin division unit is communicatively connected with the basic basin vector map extraction unit, the basin characteristic zoning map acquisition unit, the important section distribution vector map acquisition unit and the important reservoir distribution vector map acquisition unit, and is used for superimposing the basin characteristic zoning map, the important section distribution vector map and the important reservoir distribution vector map on the basis of the basic basin vector map, merging and trimming the basic basin, dividing the calculation sub-basin of the basin to be simulated, and forming a calculation sub-basin result map of the basin to be simulated.

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