Anchor hole drilling construction method

Abstract

The invention discloses an anchor hole drilling construction method. The anchor hole drilling construction method comprises the following steps that S10, site hardening is conducted on a working area, and front anchor face construction is conducted; s20, a support platform is erected; the support platform is erected in a working area and comprises multiple layers, and the support platform can be detached and lowered in a layered mode. S30, a drilling machine is installed; a drilling machine is installed on the support platform and is finely adjusted through a drilling posture correction system, and the axis of a drilling rod of the drilling machine is aligned with the axis of the designed hole; s40, drilling construction is conducted, wherein guide hole construction and reaming construction are included; s50, a casing pipe is installed, and grouting is conducted; after grouting of one anchor hole is completed, the drilling machine is moved, the axis of a drilling rod of the drilling machine is aligned with the axis of the other designed hole, and the step S40 and the step S50 are repeated; and after grouting of all anchor holes corresponding to the support platform is completed, the support platform is detached by one layer, and the steps S30, S40 and S50 are repeated. According to the anchor hole drilling construction method, the accuracy and efficiency of anchor hole construction can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of drilling technology, and in particular to an anchor hole drilling construction method. Background Art

[0002] Anchor holes are holes drilled for laying anchor rods or cables when anchoring bridge rocks, dangerous rocks and building components. During the drilling process of anchor holes, the drilling angle is inclined and the construction environment is relatively harsh, so the accuracy of the drilled anchor holes is often not high. The drilling device used in the prior art for drilling anchor holes needs to spend a long time to position before use, which will slow down the construction progress. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, one purpose of this specification is to provide an anchor hole drilling construction method that can improve the accuracy and efficiency of anchor hole construction.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present specification provides an anchor hole drilling construction method, comprising the following steps: Step S10: hardening the work area and constructing the front anchor surface; Step S20: setting up a support platform; the support platform is set up in the working area and includes multiple layers, and the support platform can be dismantled in layers to correspond to different rows of anchor holes; Step S30: installing a drilling rig; the drilling rig is installed on the support platform, and the drilling rig is fine-tuned using a drilling posture correction system so that the axis of the drill rod of the drilling rig is aligned with the axis of the designed hole; Step S40: drilling construction, including guide hole construction and hole expansion construction; after the guide hole construction is completed, it is determined whether the rear anchor surface is exposed; if the rear anchor surface is not exposed, a forward hole expansion process is adopted; if the rear anchor surface is exposed, a reverse pull-expansion hole forming process is adopted; Step S50: installing the casing and grouting; after the drilling is completed, the stainless steel casing is lowered in sections using the drilling rig, and M55 cement slurry is used to grout between the casing and the hole wall; After grouting of one anchor hole is completed, the drilling rig is moved so that the axis of the drill rod of the drilling rig is aligned with the axis of another designed hole, and the upper steps S40 and S50 are repeated; After the grouting of all anchor holes corresponding to the support platform is completed, the support platform is dismantled one layer, and the upper step S30, step S40 and step S50 are repeated.

[0005] As a preferred embodiment, there are 36 anchor holes in total, and the anchor holes include 7 rows. The hole openings of the anchor holes in each row are evenly spaced, and the hole openings of the anchor holes in two adjacent rows are staggered; on the front anchor surface, the distance between two adjacent rows of anchor holes is 1.3m, and the spacing between adjacent hole openings of each row of anchor holes is 1.46m; on the rear anchor surface, the distance between two adjacent rows of anchor holes is 3.5m, and the spacing between adjacent hole openings of each row of anchor holes is 1.6m; the angle between the channel of the anchor holes and the horizontal plane is 37°, and the channel of each row is spread out at angles of 2.86°, 5.71° and 8.53° with the center row respectively; the length of the anchor holes is 33.8m~40.1m, and the average length of the anchor holes is 37.1m.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment, the support platform adopts a steel pipe support system, including strip foundations, steel pipe columns, connection systems, main beams, distribution beams, steel panels and ancillary facilities; the steel panels and distribution beams are assembled by prefabricated processing; the support platform is provided with diagonal braces on the side facing the front anchor surface and the side away from the front anchor surface.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment, the support platform has four layers, which are the first layer, the second layer, the third layer and the fourth layer from top to bottom, and the corresponding rows of anchor holes are 3 rows, 3 rows, 2 rows and 3 rows respectively; the step of dismantling the support platform by one layer includes: dismantling the upper structure and ancillary facilities, cutting off the steel pipe columns to the elevation of the next layer, and then hoisting and installing the upper structure and ancillary facilities to complete the erection of the next platform.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment, the step of installing the drilling rig includes: Using a crawler crane to hoist the drilling rig onto the drilling posture correction system of the support platform; Running the drilling posture correction system to rotate the drilling rig for azimuth fine-tuning and to translate the drilling rig for left-right fine-tuning; After the measurement and verification meet the requirements, the legs of the drilling rig are lifted and the drilling posture correction system is removed; The legs of the drilling rig are retracted to lower the drilling rig onto the steel panel of the support platform, and then the crawler of the drilling rig is used to make a forward and backward fine adjustment to align the drill rod axis of the drilling rig with the design axis; The limiting steel plate of the drilling rig is welded to the steel panel.

[0009] As a preferred implementation, in step S30, the drill rod axis of the drill rig is aligned with the designed hole axis, with a deviation less than or equal to 2 mm; the drilling inclination angle of the drill rig is 37°, with a deviation less than or equal to 0.1°.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment, in step S10, after the slope excavation is completed, the working area is hardened with 20 cm thick concrete; a 1% drainage longitudinal slope is set along the direction of the line with large mileage, and drainage side ditches are set around the foundation pit; when the site is hardened, a front anchor surface foundation pit is reserved for slope excavation, shotcrete support and pit bottom hardening, and the drilling mud is drained to the water collection well at the bottom of the pit through the retaining wall drainage ditch, and the sewage pump is concentrated to the sedimentation tank; the treated mud liquid is recycled for drilling by the drilling rig; the front anchor surface construction includes cleaning the gravel on the slope of the front anchor surface, implanting anchor bars and pouring a 40 cm thick reinforced concrete cushion layer, and the cushion layer is provided with hole embedded parts.

[0011] As a preferred implementation, before step S40, the method further includes the following steps: Install a crane for hoisting drilling tools; the iron plate of the crane and the steel panel of the support platform are fixed with bolts and electric welding; Connect the mud pump line to the rig's water tap.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment, in the step S40, the drilling tools for the drilling construction include a 241.3mm diameter PDC drill bit, a high-inclination guide shaft, a 168mm diameter double-wall drill pipe and a 238mm diameter stabilizer; the drill pipe extension is assisted by the crane; the center of the double-wall drill pipe is a laser measurement channel, and a measurement target is set at the center of the guide shaft. During the drilling of the guide hole, the surveyor monitors the drilling trajectory through a laser measurement device; measurement records are made every 3m, and the three-dimensional drilling trajectory is drawn and compared with the designed trajectory. If a trajectory deviation occurs, the guide shaft is used to correct the deviation in time; when adjusting the drilling trajectory, the outer drill pipe is stopped from rotating, and the inner drill pipe is kept rotating, and the composite drilling is changed to the guided drilling for correction; the hole expansion construction is carried out using a 350mm or 300mm diameter roller reaming drill bit.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment, in step S50, a guide shoe is arranged at the front end of the first section of casing; the length of the casing segment is 3m, the segments are mechanically connected by threaded buckles, and are centered with a spring stabilizer; when each section of the casing is lowered, a casing slip is used to fix it at the hole mouth. Beneficial Effects

[0014] The anchor hole drilling construction method provided in this embodiment first hardens the site of the working area and constructs the front anchor surface, then sets up a support platform in the working area, then installs a drilling rig on the support platform, performs drilling construction, then installs casing and performs grouting, and can smoothly complete the construction of a single anchor hole. The steps are simplified, and the efficiency of anchor hole construction can be improved. When installing the drilling rig, the drilling rig is fine-tuned using the drilling posture correction system so that the axis of the drill rod of the drilling rig is aligned with the axis of the designed hole. During the hole expansion construction, different hole expansion processes are used according to whether the rear anchor surface is exposed, which can improve the accuracy of anchor hole construction. In addition, the support platform includes multiple layers, which can be dismantled and lowered in layers, so that it can correspond to different rows of anchor holes; after completing the grouting of one anchor hole, the drilling rig is moved so that the axis of the drill rod of the drilling rig is aligned with the axis of another designed hole, and then the drilling construction, casing installation and grouting are performed; after completing the grouting of all anchor holes corresponding to the support platform, the support platform is dismantled and lowered by one layer, and then the drilling rig is installed, the drilling construction, casing installation and grouting are performed, and such construction can improve the accuracy and efficiency of anchor hole construction.

[0015] With reference to the following description and the accompanying drawings, the specific embodiments of the present invention are disclosed in detail, indicating the manner in which the principles of the present invention can be adopted. It should be understood that the embodiments of the present invention are not limited in scope thereby.

[0016] Features described and / or illustrated with respect to one embodiment may be used in the same or similar manner in one or more other embodiments, combined with features in other embodiments, or substituted for features in other embodiments.

[0017] It should be emphasized that the term “include / comprises” when used herein refers to the presence of features, integers, steps or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps or components. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0019] Figure 1 A flowchart of the steps of an anchor hole drilling construction method provided in this embodiment; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the planar structure of an anchor hole construction system provided in this embodiment; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a layered anchor hole provided in this embodiment; Figure 4A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of an orifice fine-tuning device provided in this embodiment; Figure 5 A front view of an orifice fine-tuning device provided in this embodiment; Figure 6 for Figure 5 Section view of the AA plane.

[0020] Description of reference numerals: 1. Work area; 2. Drilling rig; 3. Anchor hole; 301. First layer anchor hole; 302. Second layer anchor hole; 303. Third layer anchor hole; 304. Fourth layer anchor hole; 4. Sedimentation tank; 5. Mud flow channel; 6. Vibrating screen; 7. Mud tank group; 8. Mud pump; 9. Drilling box; 10. Drain hole; 11. Bottom plate; 12. First plate; 13. Second plate; 14. Third plate; 15. First cushion block; 16 , second cushion block; 17, third cushion block; 18, orifice tube; 19, first hinge; 20, second hinge; 21, first limiting portion; 22, second limiting portion; 24, second fixing portion; 25, first movable member; 26, second movable member; 28, second trough body; 29, first bolt; 30, second bolt; 31, third bolt; 32, mounting frame; 33, water-grinding drilling rig; X, first direction; Y, second direction. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be another element centered thereon. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be another element centered thereon at the same time. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only implementation method.

[0023] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art of the present invention. The terms used herein in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items.

[0024] See also Figure 1 The embodiment of the present application provides an anchor hole drilling construction method, comprising the following steps (i.e., step S10, step S20, step S30, step S40 and step S50): Step S10: hardening the work area 1 and constructing the front anchor surface.

[0025] Specifically, in step S10, after the slope excavation is completed, the work area 1 is hardened with 20 cm thick concrete. A 1% drainage longitudinal slope is set along the direction of the line with large mileage, and drainage side ditches are set around the foundation pit. When the site is hardened, the front anchor surface foundation pit is reserved for slope excavation, shotcrete support and pit bottom hardening, and the drilling mud is drained to the water collection well at the bottom of the pit through the retaining wall drainage ditch, and concentratedly pumped to the sedimentation tank 4 through the sewage pump. The treated mud liquid is recycled for drilling by the drilling rig 2.

[0026] The steps of the front anchor surface construction include: cleaning the gravel on the front anchor surface slope, implanting anchor bars and pouring a 40 cm thick reinforced concrete cushion layer. The cushion layer is provided with hole pre-embedded parts as the pre-embedded parts for fixing the hole fine-tuning equipment, the water mill drilling rig 33, the drilling rig 2 ground anchor plate and other connecting parts.

[0027] Step S20: Setting up a support platform.

[0028] Wherein, the support platform is set up in the working area 1 and includes multiple layers. The support platform can be dismantled in layers to correspond to different rows of anchor holes 3. The support platform adopts a steel pipe support system, including strip foundations, steel pipe columns, connection systems, main beams, distribution beams, steel panels and other ancillary facilities (such as railings, stairs, etc.). The steel panels and distribution beams are assembled by prefabricated processing, which is convenient for disassembly and installation. In order to reduce the impact of equipment disturbance on the stability of the support platform during the drilling process, the support platform is reinforced with diagonal braces on the side facing the front anchor surface and the side away from the front anchor surface. The diagonal brace located between the support platform and the front anchor surface can be an I-beam.

[0029] In this embodiment, the anchor hole 3 is located in slightly weathered dacite, and the diameter of the anchor hole 3 has two specifications: 350 mm and 300 mm. Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the anchor holes 3 are distributed on both sides, and there are 36 anchor holes 3 on each side. The anchor holes 3 include 7 rows, and the openings of the anchor holes 3 in each row are evenly spaced, and the openings of the anchor holes 3 in two adjacent rows are staggered to form a plum blossom arrangement. Among the 36 anchor holes 3, there is a test drilling hole for checking the spare rope, and the hole diameter is 350mm. On the front anchor surface, the distance between the two adjacent rows of anchor holes 3 is 1.3m, and the spacing between the adjacent openings of each row of anchor holes 3 is 1.46m. On the rear anchor surface, the distance between the two adjacent rows of anchor holes 3 is 3.5m, and the spacing between the adjacent openings of each row of anchor holes 3 is 1.6m. The angle between the channel of the anchor hole 3 and the horizontal plane is 37°, and the channel of each row is spread out at an angle of 2.86°, 5.71°, and 8.53° with the center row, respectively. The length of the anchor hole 3 is 33.8m~40.1m, and the average length of the anchor hole 3 is 37.1m. The deviation of the drilling inclination does not exceed 0.5%. The parameters of anchor hole 3 designed in this way can meet the anchoring requirements. After anchoring, the total length of the anchor chamber is 62m, the net width of the tunnel is 7.5m, and the height of the straight section of the side wall is 13.5m. All of them are Class II surrounding rock, connected to the ground through an inclined shaft.

[0030] The support platform has four layers, namely the first layer, the second layer, the third layer and the fourth layer from top to bottom, corresponding to the number of rows of anchor holes 3: 3 rows, 3 rows, 2 rows and 3 rows respectively. Figure 3 As shown, each group of anchor holes 3 can be divided into 11 rows, wherein the top 3 rows of anchor holes (i.e., the first layer of anchor holes 301) correspond to the first layer of support platform, and when the drilling rig 2 is located on the first layer of support platform, the first layer of anchor holes 301 can be drilled; the 3 rows of anchor holes below the first layer of anchor holes 301 (i.e., the second layer of anchor holes 302) correspond to the second layer of support platform, and when the drilling rig 2 is located on the second layer of support platform, the second layer of anchor holes 302 can be drilled; the 2 rows of anchor holes below the second layer of anchor holes 302 (i.e., the third layer of anchor holes 303) correspond to the third layer of support platform, and when the drilling rig 2 is located on the third layer of support platform, the third layer of anchor holes 303 can be drilled; the bottom 3 rows of anchor holes (i.e., the fourth layer of anchor holes 304) correspond to the fourth layer of support platform, and when the drilling rig 2 is located on the fourth layer of support platform, the fourth layer of anchor holes 304 can be drilled. By dismantling the support platform in layers, 3+3+2+3 rows of anchor holes can be drilled.

[0031] In step S20, the step of dismantling the support platform one level includes: dismantling the upper structure and auxiliary facilities, cutting the steel pipe columns to the elevation of the next level, and then hoisting and installing the upper structure and auxiliary facilities to complete the erection of the next level platform.

[0032] Step S30: Install the drilling rig 2.

[0033] The drilling rig 2 is installed on the support platform, and the drilling posture correction system is used to fine-tune the drilling rig 2 so that the axis of the drill rod of the drilling rig 2 is aligned with the axis of the designed hole.

[0034] Specifically, the axis of the drill rod of the drilling rig 2 is aligned with the axis of the designed hole, with a deviation of less than or equal to 2 mm. The drilling inclination angle of the drilling rig 2 is 37°, with a deviation of less than or equal to 0.1°.

[0035] Specifically, step S30 includes the following steps: Step S301: using a crawler crane to hoist the drilling rig 2 onto the drilling posture correction system of the support platform.

[0036] Step S302: Run the drilling posture correction system to rotate the drilling rig 2 for azimuth fine adjustment and translate the drilling rig 2 for left-right fine adjustment. Through two-stage fine adjustment, accurate positioning of the drilling rig 2 is achieved.

[0037] Step S303: After the measurement and verification meet the requirements, the legs of the drilling rig 2 are lifted and removed from the drilling posture correction system.

[0038] Step S304: retract the legs of the drilling rig 2 to lower the drilling rig 2 onto the steel panel of the support platform, and then fine-tune the drilling rig 2 forward and backward through the crawler tracks of the drilling rig 2 to align the drill rod axis of the drilling rig 2 with the designed axis.

[0039] Step S305: welding the limit steel plate of the drilling rig 2 to the steel panel to fix the drilling rig 2 on the support platform.

[0040] Step S40: drilling construction, including pilot hole construction and hole expansion construction.

[0041] Before the guide hole is constructed, coring can be performed first. As mentioned above, the cushion layer of the front anchor surface is provided with a hole mouth embedded part, which can be Figures 4 to 6 The hole fine-tuning device shown is firmly welded to the hole embedded part. After adjusting the corresponding angle and orientation, a water-grinding drill 33 is used to perform 1m long core drilling to quickly complete the guide positioning of the drill rod of the drill 2. After the core is completed, the anchor hole 3 guide hole drilling construction is carried out from top to bottom and from left to right.

[0042] Specifically, the orifice fine-tuning device includes: a base plate 11, a first plate 12, a second plate 13, a third plate 14, a first cushion block 15, a second cushion block 16 and an orifice tube 18. The two base plates 11 are arranged in parallel, and the base plates 11 extend along the first direction X. The first plate 12 is connected to the base plate 11. The first cushion block 15 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the first plate 12. The second plate 13 is located above the first plate 12, and one end of the second plate 13 along the first direction X is rotatably connected to the first cushion block 15, and the other end is movably and fixedly connected to the first plate 12. The second cushion block 16 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the second plate 13. The third plate 14 is located above the second plate 13, and one end of the third plate 14 along the second direction Y is rotatably connected to the second cushion block 16, and the other end is movably and fixedly connected to the second plate 13. The second direction Y is perpendicular to the first direction X. The orifice tube 18 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the third plate 14. In this embodiment, the first direction X and the second direction Y are both parallel to the upper plane of the first plate 12. The up and down directions in the orifice fine-tuning device are based on the upper plane of the first plate 12, that is, the upper plane of the first plate 12 is a horizontal plane, and the direction perpendicular to the upper plane of the first plate 12 is the up and down direction of the orifice fine-tuning device.

[0043] The orifice fine-tuning device can be installed as a whole near the orifice by setting two bottom plates 11 extending in the first direction X. The second plate 13 is rotatably connected to the first cushion block 15 at one end along the first direction X, and is movably and fixedly connected to the first plate 12 at the other end, so that the second plate 13 can rotate relative to the first plate 12 around the axis extending in the second direction Y to adjust the inclination angle of the orifice tube 18 in the first direction X; the third plate 14 is rotatably connected to the second cushion block 16 at one end along the second direction Y, and is movably and fixedly connected to the second plate 13 at the other end, so that the third plate 14 can rotate relative to the second plate 13 around the axis extending in the first direction X to adjust the inclination angle of the orifice tube 18 in the second direction Y. The drill bit of the water-mill drill 33 can enter the orifice through the orifice tube 18 for coring, so by adjusting the inclination angle of the orifice tube 18 in the first direction X and the second direction Y, the angle of orifice coring can be adjusted to ensure that the inclination of the water-mill drill 33 when drilling meets the requirements.

[0044] In this embodiment, if Figure 4 As shown, there are two first cushion blocks 15, and the two first cushion blocks 15 are spaced apart along the second direction Y. The first cushion block 15 is rotatably connected to the second plate 13 via a first hinge 19. The axis of the first hinge 19 extends along the second direction Y, so that the second plate 13 can rotate relative to the first plate 12 around the axis of the first hinge 19.

[0045] Specifically, Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the upper surface of the first plate 12 is provided with a first limiting portion 21, and the second plate 13 is provided with a first fixing portion (not shown in the figure), and the first fixing portion is detachably connected to the first movable member 25, and the bottom end of the first movable member 25 is limited by the first limiting portion 21. There are two first movable members 25, and the two first movable members 25 are spaced along the second direction Y. The first movable member 25 and the first cushion block 15 are spaced along the first direction X. The first fixing portion can be a bolt, and the first movable member 25 can be a T-shaped rod. The two short rods at the bottom of the first movable member 25 are limited by the first limiting portion 21, and cannot move but can rotate. The long straight rod above the first movable member 25 is detachably fixedly connected to the first fixing portion of the second plate 13. When the angle of the second plate 13 needs to be adjusted, the first fixing portion is disassembled, the first hinge 19 is rotated, and the first movable member 25 is also rotated accordingly; after the angle adjustment of the second plate 13 is completed, the first fixing portion can be installed.

[0046] In this embodiment, the first movable member 25 and the first hinge 19 allow the second plate 13 to rotate ±10° relative to the first plate 12, and the inclination angle of the orifice tube 18 in the first direction X can be adjusted to meet the requirements. ±10° is based on the upper plane of the first plate 12, that is, parallel to the upper plane of the first plate 12 is 0°, upward rotation is positive, and downward rotation is negative.

[0047] In this embodiment, there are two second cushion blocks 16, and the two second cushion blocks 16 are spaced apart along the first direction X. The second cushion block 16 and the third flat plate 14 are rotatably connected via the second hinge 20. The axis of the second hinge 20 extends along the first direction X, so that the third flat plate 14 can rotate relative to the second flat plate 13 around the axis of the second hinge 20.

[0048] Specifically, Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, the upper surface of the second flat plate 13 is provided with a second limiting portion 22, and the third flat plate 14 is provided with a second fixing portion 24, and the second fixing portion 24 is detachably connected to the second movable member 26, and the bottom end of the second movable member 26 is limited by the second limiting portion 22. There are two second movable members 26, and the two second movable members 26 are spaced apart along the first direction X. The second movable member 26 and the second cushion block 16 are spaced apart along the second direction Y. The second fixing portion 24 can be a bolt, and the second movable member 26 can be a T-shaped rod. The two short rods at the bottom of the second movable member 26 are limited by the second limiting portion 22, and cannot move but can rotate. The long straight rod above the second movable member 26 is detachably fixedly connected to the second fixing portion 24 of the third flat plate 14. When the angle of the third flat plate 14 needs to be adjusted, the second fixing portion 24 is disassembled, the second hinge 20 is rotated, and the second movable member 26 is also rotated accordingly; after the angle adjustment of the third flat plate 14 is completed, the second fixing portion 24 can be installed.

[0049] In this embodiment, the second movable member 26 and the second hinge 20 allow the third plate 14 to rotate ±5° relative to the second plate 13, and the inclination angle of the orifice tube 18 in the second direction Y can be adjusted to meet the requirements. ±5° is based on the upper plane of the second plate 13, that is, parallel to the upper plane of the second plate 13 is 0°, upward rotation is positive, and downward rotation is negative.

[0050] In this embodiment, a first slot body (not shown) is provided on the bottom plate 11, and the first slot body has a first predetermined length in the second direction Y. A second slot body 28 is provided on the first flat plate 12, and the second slot body 28 has a second predetermined length in the first direction X. The first flat plate 12 and the bottom plate 11 are connected by a first bolt 29, and the first bolt 29 passes through the second slot body 28 and the first slot body. The first predetermined length and the second predetermined length can be 30 mm.

[0051] Specifically, the bottom plate 11 is fixedly connected with a third cushion block 17, and the first plate 12 is movably connected with a second bolt 30 extending along the first direction X, and one end of the second bolt 30 can abut against the third cushion block 17. The bottom plate 11 is movably connected with a third bolt 31 extending along the second direction Y, and one end of the third bolt 31 can abut against the first plate 12. By adjusting the second bolt 30, the first plate 12 can be moved relative to the bottom plate 11 along the first direction X; by adjusting the third bolt 31, the first plate 12 can be moved relative to the bottom plate 11 along the second direction Y, so that the position of the axis of the orifice tube 18 can be adjusted to coincide with the center of the orifice, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the drilling point.

[0052] like Figure 4 As shown, the orifice tube 18 is equipped with a mounting bracket 32 ​​for mounting a laser pen. After the laser pen is mounted on the mounting bracket 32, the laser of the laser pen coincides with the axis of the orifice tube 18. When adjusting the second bolt 30 and the third bolt 31, it is sufficient to observe whether the laser of the laser pen coincides with the center of the orifice.

[0053] In this embodiment, the orifice fine-tuning device also includes a water-mill drill 33 fixedly mounted on the third plate 14. After adjusting the inclination angle and axis position of the orifice tube 18, the drill bit of the water-mill drill 33 can be placed in the orifice tube 18, and the drill is started until the core drill bit is 5 cm away from the drilling point, and then the rotation speed of the water-mill drill 33 is adjusted to 800-1500 rpm, and the water-mill drill 33 is evenly drilled, and the hole is opened. After the test drilling is completed for 1m, the core is taken out, the orifice fine-tuning device is evacuated, and then the measuring equipment is used to detect whether the hole meets the design requirements.

[0054] Specifically, in step S40, when constructing the pilot hole, according to the actual drilling trajectory, adjust the drill bit drilling inclination angle to 37° and the azimuth angle to 0° (or ±2.86°, ±5.71°, ±8.53°). The mud pump 8 is in the second gear. The rotation speed of the inner and outer drill pipes is adjusted to 30 rpm, and the rotation speed of the inner drill pipe can be gradually increased after it is normal. When the rock hardness is below 100Mpa, the drilling machine speed is controlled at 6 meters / hour; when the rock hardness is above 100Mpa, the drilling machine speed is controlled at 4 meters / hour. Use laser measurement equipment to monitor the deviation between the actual drilling trajectory and the designed trajectory in real time, and adjust the trajectory in time. Circularly connect the drill pipe to drill to the designed target point and start drilling, and the pilot hole operation is completed.

[0055] After the construction of the guide hole is completed, determine whether the rear anchor surface is exposed. When the rear anchor surface is not exposed, the forward hole expansion process is adopted; when the rear anchor surface is exposed, the reverse pull expansion hole forming process is adopted. The hole expansion construction is carried out using a roller hole expansion drill bit with a diameter of 350mm or 300mm. During the hole expansion operation, the drill is fed evenly, and the mud pump 8 pressure does not exceed 5Mpa. When the rock hardness is below 100Mpa, the hole expansion machine speed is controlled at 4 meters / hour; when the rock hardness is above 100Mpa, the hole expansion machine speed is controlled at 2 meters / hour. After each hole expansion of a drill rod, a large amount of mud is required to flush the bottom of the hole to ensure that the cuttings are completely returned to the bottom of the hole.

[0056] In this embodiment, before step S40, the following steps are further included: Install a crane for hoisting drilling tools to ensure the safety of hoisting drilling tools; the iron plate of the crane and the steel panel of the support platform are fixed with bolts and electric welding; the crane can be a 2T crane; Connect the pipeline of the mud pump 8 to the faucet of the drilling rig 2 to ensure that the mud system of the drilling rig 2 is connected.

[0057] Specific reference Figure 2 , an anchor hole construction system is provided, including: a working area 1, a drilling rig 2, a sedimentation tank 4, a vibrating screen 6, a mud tank group 7 and a mud pump 8. Two working areas 1 are distributed on both sides. The sedimentation tank 4 is arranged between the two working areas 1, and the anchor hole 3 is connected to the sedimentation tank 4 through a mud flow channel 5, and the mud flow channel 5 is used to discharge the construction sewage of the anchor hole 3 to the sedimentation tank 4. The vibrating screen 6 and the mud tank group 7 are arranged between the two working areas 1, the vibrating screen 6 and the sedimentation tank 4 are connected, the mud tank group 7 and the vibrating screen 6 are connected, and the water separated from the sedimentation tank 4 enters the mud tank group 7 through the vibrating screen 6. Two mud pumps 8 are arranged between the two working areas 1, and the two mud pumps 8 are respectively connected to the two drilling rigs 2. The mud tank group 7 is connected to the two mud pumps 8, and the two mud pumps 8 are used to pump the mud in the mud tank group 7 into the faucet of the drilling rig 2.

[0058] By setting two working areas 1 on both sides, two drilling rigs 2 can work at the same time, which can improve the construction efficiency. The design and arrangement of the anchor hole 3 can make the position of the drilled anchor hole 3 meet the requirements to ensure the stability of the subsequent anchoring system. By setting the sedimentation tank 4, the vibrating screen 6, the mud pump 8 and the mud tank group 7, the sedimentation tank 4 can initially precipitate the rock cuttings, and the initially separated water enters the mud tank group 7 through the vibrating screen 6, so that the water can be recycled; the mud pump 8 can pump the mud in the mud tank group 7 into the faucet of the drilling rig 2 for drilling, and the construction sewage of the anchor hole 3 is discharged to the sedimentation tank 4 through the mud flow channel 5, which can ensure the smooth construction of the anchor hole 3.

[0059] Specifically, a drainage hole 10 with a hole diameter of 300 mm may be drilled between the two groups of anchor holes 3 .

[0060] In this embodiment, the mud flow channel 5 is formed by brickwork along the rock mass below the anchor hole 3, with a height of 1m and a width of 0.29m. The sedimentation tank 4 is mainly used to precipitate rock debris, with a length, width and height of 2m, 6m and 1m respectively. The interior of the sedimentation tank 4 is bricked with a 0.5m high water wall. The sedimentation tank 4 initially precipitates rock debris, and the initially separated water passes through a submersible pump, passes through a vibrating screen 6, and enters a mud tank group 7 to recycle the water.

[0061] In order to improve efficiency, a drilling tool box 9 is provided on one side of the drilling rig 2 to facilitate timely replacement of drilling tools by the drilling rig 2 .

[0062] Specifically, the core drilling construction process is adopted on site, and a large amount of clean water circulation is required for cooling, so the working area 1 is connected to a water source. The water source interface is less than 20m away from the construction working surface of the anchor hole 3. The water source is used to provide construction water, and the flow rate is not less than 5m³ / h.

[0063] In this embodiment, the anchor hole construction system also includes a secondary distribution box. The secondary distribution box is electrically connected to the drilling rig 2, the vibrating screen 6, and the mud pump 8, and is used to provide construction electricity with a frequency of 50Hz, a voltage of 380V, and a maximum power of 800kW. The power interface of the secondary distribution box is less than 30m away from the construction working surface of the anchor hole 3. The secondary distribution box can reserve 16 sub-gates to provide construction electricity for the construction of the anchor hole 3.

[0064] In step S40, the drilling tools for drilling construction include a 241.3 mm diameter PDC drill bit, a high deflection guide shaft, a 168 mm diameter double-wall drill pipe, and a 238 mm diameter stabilizer. The drill pipe extension is assisted by the crane. During the drilling process, the mud enters from the channel between the double-wall drill pipes, enters the inside of the transmission shaft at the water cap, and returns from the outer drill pipe and the formation through the drill bit water hole with rock cuttings. The center of the double-wall drill pipe is a laser measurement channel, and a measurement target is set at the center of the guide shaft. During the drilling of the guide hole, the surveyor monitors the drilling trajectory through a laser measurement device. Measurements are recorded every 3 m, and the three-dimensional drilling trajectory is drawn and compared with the designed trajectory. If there is a trajectory deviation, the guide shaft is used to correct the deviation in time. When adjusting the drilling trajectory, stop the rotation of the outer drill pipe, determine the working surface, keep the inner drill pipe rotating, and change from composite drilling to guided drilling for correction. The gyro inclinometer can be used at any time to re-measure the trajectory.

[0065] After the hole expansion construction is completed, the final hole cleaning test can be carried out. Specifically, the hole is expanded to the designed position according to the construction design, and the mud pump 8 is turned off. Use a sewage pump to connect the water pipe to extract the mud in the hole. Connect the trajectory measuring instrument (gyroscope) to re-measure the actual drilling trajectory of the hole and the designed curve. After the self-test is completed and qualified, report to the general contractor for final inspection. After acceptance, proceed to the following step S50 to protect the hole mouth to prevent rock cuttings and mud from flowing back.

[0066] Step S50: installing the casing and grouting.

[0067] Specifically, after drilling is completed, the stainless steel casing is lowered in sections using the drilling rig 2. A guide shoe is set at the front end of the first section of the casing. The length of the casing section is 3m, and the sections are mechanically connected by threaded threads and centered with a spring straightener. When each section of the casing is lowered, the casing slip is used to fix it at the hole mouth. M55 cement slurry is used for grouting between the casing and the hole wall.

[0068] In this embodiment, after grouting of one anchor hole 3 is completed, the drilling rig 2 is moved to align the axis of the drill rod of the drilling rig 2 with the axis of another designed hole, and the upper steps S40 and S50 are repeated. After grouting of all anchor holes 3 corresponding to the support platform is completed, the support platform is dismantled and lowered by one layer, and the upper steps S30, S40 and S50 are repeated.

[0069] The anchor hole drilling construction method provided in this embodiment first hardens the site of the working area 1 and performs front anchor surface construction, then sets up a support platform in the working area 1, installs the drilling rig 2 on the support platform, performs drilling construction, and then installs the casing and performs grouting, which can smoothly complete the construction of a single anchor hole 3. The steps are simplified, and the efficiency of the anchor hole 3 construction can be improved. When installing the drilling rig 2, the drilling rig 2 is fine-tuned using the drilling posture correction system so that the axis of the drill rod of the drilling rig 2 is aligned with the axis of the designed hole. Different expansion processes are used during expansion construction according to whether the rear anchor surface is exposed, which can improve the accuracy of the anchor hole 3 construction. In addition, the support platform includes multiple layers and can be dismantled and lowered in layers so as to correspond to different rows of anchor holes 3; after completing the grouting of one anchor hole 3, move the drill rig 2 so that the axis of the drill rod of the drill rig 2 is aligned with the axis of another designed hole, and then perform drilling construction, install casing and grouting; after completing the grouting of all anchor holes 3 corresponding to the support platform, dismantle the support platform by one layer, and then install the drill rig 2, perform drilling construction, install casing and grouting, and such construction can improve the accuracy and efficiency of the construction of the anchor holes 3.

[0070] It should be noted that, in the description of this specification, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and to distinguish similar objects. There is no order of precedence between the two, and they cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. In addition, in the description of this specification, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more.

[0071] Any numerical value cited herein includes all values ​​of lower and upper values ​​that increase by one unit from the lower limit to the upper limit, and there is at least a two-unit interval between any lower value and any higher value. For example, if the value of the quantity of a component or a process variable (such as temperature, pressure, time, etc.) is set forth to be from 1 to 90, preferably from 20 to 80, and more preferably from 30 to 70, the purpose is to illustrate that values ​​such as 15 to 85, 22 to 68, 43 to 51, 30 to 32 are also explicitly listed in the specification. For values ​​less than 1, one unit is appropriately considered to be 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1. These are merely examples that are intended to be clearly expressed, and it can be considered that all possible combinations of numerical values ​​listed between the lowest value and the highest value are clearly set forth in the specification in a similar manner.

[0072] Unless otherwise indicated, all ranges include the endpoints and all numbers between the endpoints. "About" or "approximately" used with a range applies to both endpoints of the range. Thus, "about 20 to 30" is intended to cover "about 20 to about 30", including at least the specified endpoints.

[0073] All articles and references disclosed, including patent applications and publications, are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. The term "consisting essentially of..." to describe a combination should include the identified elements, ingredients, parts or steps and other elements, ingredients, parts or steps that do not substantially affect the basic novel characteristics of the combination. The use of the terms "comprising" or "including" to describe a combination of elements, ingredients, parts or steps herein also contemplates embodiments that consist essentially of these elements, ingredients, parts or steps. By using the term "may", it is intended to indicate that any attribute described that "may" include is optional.

[0074] Multiple elements, ingredients, parts or steps can be provided by a single integrated element, ingredient, part or step. Alternatively, a single integrated element, ingredient, part or step can be divided into separate multiple elements, ingredients, parts or steps. The disclosure "one" or "an" used to describe an element, ingredient, part or step is not intended to exclude other elements, ingredients, parts or steps.

[0075] It should be understood that the above description is for illustration and not for limitation. Many embodiments and many applications beyond the examples provided will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the above description. Therefore, the scope of the present teachings should not be determined with reference to the above description, but should be determined with reference to the appended claims and the full scope of equivalents possessed by such claims. For the purpose of comprehensiveness, all articles and references, including disclosures of patent applications and publications, are incorporated herein by reference. The omission of any aspect of the subject matter disclosed herein in the preceding claims is not intended to be a waiver of the subject matter, nor should it be considered that the inventors did not consider the subject matter to be part of the disclosed inventive subject matter.

Claims

1. An anchor hole drilling construction method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: step S10: Harden the working area and construct the front anchor surface; Step S20: Setting up a support platform; The support platform is set up in the working area and includes multiple layers. The support platform can be dismantled in layers to correspond to different rows of anchor holes. Step S30: installing a drilling rig; the drilling rig is installed on the support platform, and the drilling rig is fine-tuned using a drilling posture correction system so that the axis of the drill rod of the drilling rig is aligned with the axis of the designed hole; Step S40: Drilling construction, including pilot hole construction and hole expansion construction; after the pilot hole construction is completed, determine whether the rear anchor surface is exposed; if the rear anchor surface is not exposed, use the forward hole expansion process; if the rear anchor surface is exposed, use the reverse pull-expansion hole forming process; Step S50: installing the casing and grouting; after the drilling is completed, the stainless steel casing is lowered in sections using the drilling rig, and M55 cement slurry is used to grout the space between the casing and the hole wall; After completing grouting of one anchor hole, move the drilling rig so that the axis of the drill rod of the drilling rig is aligned with the axis of another designed hole, and repeat the above steps S40 and S50; After completing the grouting of all anchor holes corresponding to the support platform, the support platform is dismantled one layer, and the above steps S30, S40 and S50 are repeated.

2. The anchor hole drilling construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are 36 anchor holes in total, and the anchor holes include 7 columns. The openings of the anchor holes in each column are evenly spaced, and the openings of the anchor holes in two adjacent columns are staggered; on the front anchor surface, the distance between two adjacent columns of anchor holes is 1.3m, and the spacing between adjacent openings of each column of anchor holes is 1.46m; on the rear anchor surface, the distance between two adjacent columns of anchor holes is 3.5m, and the spacing between adjacent openings of each column of anchor holes is 1.6m; the angle between the channel of the anchor hole and the horizontal plane is 37°, and the channel of each column is spread out at angles of 2.86°, 5.71°, and 8.53° to the center column respectively; the length of the anchor hole is 33.8m~40.1m, and the average length of the anchor hole is 37.1m.

3. The anchor hole drilling construction method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The support platform adopts a steel pipe support system, including strip foundations, steel pipe columns, connection systems, main beams, distribution beams, steel panels and ancillary facilities; the steel panels and distribution beams are assembled by prefabricated processing; the support platform is provided with diagonal braces on the side facing the front anchor surface and the side away from the front anchor surface.

4. The anchor hole drilling construction method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The support platform has a total of four layers, which are the first layer, the second layer, the third layer and the fourth layer from top to bottom, corresponding to 3 rows, 3 rows, 2 rows and 3 rows of anchor holes respectively; the steps of dismantling the support platform by one layer include: dismantling the upper structure and ancillary facilities, cutting the steel pipe columns to the elevation of the next layer, and then hoisting and installing the upper structure and ancillary facilities to complete the erection of the next platform.

5. The anchor hole drilling construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps of installing the drilling rig include: Using a crawler crane to hoist the drilling rig onto the drilling posture correction system of the support platform; Running the drilling posture correction system to rotate the drilling rig for azimuth fine-tuning and to translate the drilling rig for left-right fine-tuning; After the measurement and verification meet the requirements, the legs of the drilling rig are lifted and removed from the drilling posture correction system; Retract the legs of the drilling rig and lower the drilling rig onto the steel panel of the support platform, and then fine-tune the drilling rig forward and backward through the crawler of the drilling rig to align the drill rod axis of the drilling rig with the designed axis; The limiting steel plate of the drilling rig is welded to the steel panel.

6. The anchor hole drilling construction method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S30, the drill rod axis of the drilling rig is aligned with the designed hole axis with a deviation of less than or equal to 2 mm; the drilling inclination angle of the drilling rig is 37° with a deviation of less than or equal to 0.1°.

7. The anchor hole drilling construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S10, after the slope excavation is completed, the working area is hardened with 20 cm thick concrete; a 1% drainage longitudinal slope is set along the direction of the maximum mileage of the line, and drainage side ditches are set around the foundation pit; when the site is hardened, the front anchor surface foundation pit is reserved for slope excavation, shotcrete support and pit bottom hardening, and the drilling mud is drained to the water collection well at the bottom of the pit through the retaining wall drainage ditch, and the sewage pump is concentrated and discharged to the sedimentation tank; the treated mud liquid is recycled for drilling by the drilling rig; the front anchor surface construction includes cleaning the gravel on the slope of the front anchor surface, implanting anchor bars and pouring a 40 cm thick reinforced concrete cushion layer, and the cushion layer is provided with hole embedded parts.

8. The anchor hole drilling construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before step S40, the method further includes the following steps: Install a crane for hoisting drilling tools; the iron plate of the crane is fixed to the steel panel of the support platform with bolts and electric welding; Connect the mud pump line to the rig's water tap.

9. The anchor hole drilling construction method according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S40, the drilling tools for drilling construction include a 241.3mm diameter PDC drill bit, a high-inclination guide shaft, a 168mm diameter double-wall drill pipe and a 238mm diameter stabilizer; the drill pipe extension is assisted by the crane; the center of the double-wall drill pipe is a laser measurement channel, and a measurement target is set at the center of the guide shaft. During the drilling of the guide hole, the surveyor monitors the drilling trajectory through the laser measurement equipment; measurement records are made every 3m, and the three-dimensional drilling trajectory is drawn and compared with the designed trajectory. If a trajectory deviation occurs, the guide shaft is used to correct the deviation in time; when adjusting the drilling trajectory, the outer drill pipe is stopped from rotating, and the inner drill pipe is kept rotating, and the composite drilling is changed to the guided drilling for correction; the hole expansion construction is carried out using a 350mm or 300mm diameter roller reaming drill bit.

10. The anchor hole drilling construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S50, a guide shoe is provided at the front end of the first section of casing; the length of the casing segment is 3m, the segments are mechanically connected by screw threads, and are centered with a spring stabilizer; when each section of casing is lowered, casing slips are used to fix it at the hole.

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