A manned spacecraft application vacuum experiment system

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of manned spacecraft application vacuum experiment system, including complex pressure subsystem, experimental container subsystem, vacuum pumping subsystem, exhaust gas subsystem.Complex pressure subsystem includes complex pressure cylinder, cylinder pressure gauge, cylinder manual valve, cylinder disconnecting device, complex pressure electric valve, complex pressure pressure reducing valve, complex pressure pipeline.Experimental container subsystem includes cavity, cavity pressure gauge, cavity balance valve, cavity door.Vacuum pumping subsystem includes vacuum pumping pipeline, vacuum pumping filter, vacuum pumping electric valve.Exhaust gas subsystem includes exhaust gas pipeline, exhaust gas filter, exhaust gas electric valve.The present application can solve the problem of space science experiment in the sealed cabin of manned spacecraft and exhaust gas, effectively expand the type of space science experiment in cabin, greatly improve the application value of manned spacecraft in orbit.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of overall design of manned spacecraft, and relates to a vacuum experiment system applied to manned spacecraft. BACKGROUND

[0002] One of the main tasks of manned spacecraft is to carry out space science experiments in a sealed cabin. Some space science experiments in the cabin need to maintain a certain degree of vacuum in the working area during the process, and the working area is re-pressurized after the experiment is completed, so that astronauts can operate and replace samples. Some space science experiments in the cabin will produce waste gas during the process. If the waste gas is directly discharged into the sealed cabin, it will pollute the air environment in the cabin and endanger the health of astronauts. Therefore, it is urgent to design a vacuum experiment system to solve the problems of vacuum extraction and waste gas discharge of space science experiments in the sealed cabin of manned spacecraft. SUMMARY

[0003] The technical problem solved by the application is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, propose a vacuum experiment system applied to manned spacecraft, solve the problems of vacuum extraction and waste gas discharge of space science experiments in the sealed cabin of manned spacecraft, and support more types and larger scale of in-cabin space science experiments on orbit.

[0004] The technical solution of the application is as follows:

[0005] A vacuum experiment system applied to manned spacecraft, comprising a re-pressurization subsystem, an experiment container subsystem, a vacuum extraction subsystem and a waste gas discharge subsystem;

[0006] The re-pressurization subsystem has the function of re-pressurizing the experiment container subsystem. After the gas in the experiment container subsystem is discharged, the interior of the experiment container subsystem is re-pressurized to one atmosphere;

[0007] The experiment container subsystem is a sealed container that stores or generates gas that needs to be discharged by the vacuum extraction subsystem or the waste gas discharge subsystem. The experiment container subsystem has a pressure balancing function. After re-pressurization is completed, the experiment container subsystem is connected to the cabin atmosphere to keep the internal and external pressures consistent. The experiment container subsystem has an experiment support function. Astronauts place experimental devices or samples in the experiment container subsystem. After the experiment is completed, astronauts take out the experimental devices or samples from the experiment container subsystem;

[0008] The vacuum extraction subsystem and the waste gas discharge subsystem are independent of each other and are connected to the experiment container subsystem and the outer space environment through pipelines to discharge the gas in the sealed container to the outer space.

[0009] Preferably, the re-pressurization subsystem comprises a re-pressurization gas cylinder, a gas cylinder pressure gauge, a gas cylinder manual valve, a gas cylinder disconnector, a re-pressurization electric valve and a re-pressurization pressure reducing valve.

[0010] The complex pressure cylinder is located at the most upstream of the complex pressure pipeline, and stores high-pressure air or nitrogen gas inside; the cylinder pressure gauge is connected to the outlet of the complex pressure cylinder through the pipeline, and is used to measure the pressure of the gas in the complex pressure cylinder; the cylinder manual valve is opened or closed manually by the astronauts, and is connected to the cylinder pressure gauge and the outlet of the complex pressure cylinder through the pipeline; the cylinder disconnector is connected to the cylinder manual valve through the pipeline, and is divided into an active end and a passive end, and is connected and separated manually, and the active end and the passive end form a continuous pipeline passage in the connected state, and the pipeline is disconnected and sealed in the separated state;

[0011] The complex pressure electric valve is an electric valve, which is opened or closed under the control of the ground command; one end of the complex pressure electric valve is connected to the cylinder disconnector through the pipeline, and the other end is connected to one end of the downstream complex pressure and pressure reduction valve through the pipeline, so as to realize the connection or disconnection of the pipeline between the complex pressure cylinder and the experimental container subsystem.

[0012] The other end of the complex pressure and pressure reduction valve is connected to the cavity of the experimental container subsystem through the pipeline, so as to reduce the high-pressure gas in the complex pressure cylinder to a low-pressure pressure that can be borne by the cavity.

[0013] Preferably, the experimental container subsystem comprises a cavity, a cavity pressure gauge, a cavity balance valve and a cavity door.

[0014] The cavity is the main structure of the experimental container subsystem, and provides a place for experiment and gas storage, and can bear an external pressure of not less than one atmosphere; the cavity pressure gauge is installed inside the cavity, and is used to measure the pressure of the gas in the cavity; the cavity balance valve is opened or closed manually by the astronauts, and controls the connection or disconnection of the internal cavity with the atmosphere environment in the manned spacecraft sealed cabin; the cavity door is opened or closed manually by the astronauts, and when opened, the astronauts can operate the experimental device and samples in the cavity, and when closed, the internal cavity is isolated from the atmosphere environment in the sealed cabin.

[0015] Preferably, the vacuum pumping subsystem comprises a vacuum pumping pipeline, a vacuum pumping filter and a vacuum pumping electric valve.

[0016] The vacuum pumping pipeline is connected to the cavity of the experimental container subsystem, the vacuum pumping filter, the vacuum pumping electric valve and the cabin wall vacuum hole in sequence, and is a passage for discharging the gas in the cavity of the experimental container subsystem to the space outside the cabin;

[0017] The vacuum pumping filter is used to filter the gas discharged from the cavity of the experimental container subsystem;

[0018] The vacuum pumping electric valve is located downstream of the vacuum pumping filter, and is opened or closed under the control of the ground command, so as to control the connection or disconnection of the cavity of the experimental container subsystem with the vacuum environment outside the cabin.

[0019] Preferably, the vacuum pumping filter has a function of being manually replaced by the astronauts in orbit.

[0020] Preferably, the exhaust gas discharge subsystem comprises an exhaust gas discharge pipeline, an exhaust gas discharge filter, an exhaust gas discharge electric valve;

[0021] The exhaust gas discharge pipeline is connected to the experimental container subsystem cavity, the exhaust gas discharge filter, the exhaust gas discharge electric valve and the cabin wall exhaust gas discharge hole in sequence, and is a passage for discharging the gas in the experimental container subsystem cavity to the outer space;

[0022] The exhaust gas discharge filter is used for filtering the gas discharged from the experimental container subsystem cavity;

[0023] The exhaust gas discharge electric valve is located downstream of the exhaust gas discharge filter, and is opened or closed under the ground command control to control the connection or disconnection of the experimental container subsystem cavity and the outer space vacuum environment.

[0024] Preferably, the exhaust gas discharge filter has a function of being manually replaced by astronauts in orbit.

[0025] An application method of a manned spacecraft application vacuum experiment system, comprising:

[0026] During the launch phase of the manned spacecraft, the repressing pipeline, the experimental container subsystem cavity, the vacuumizing pipeline and the exhaust gas discharge pipeline maintain one atmosphere, the gas cylinder disconnecting device is connected in place, the repressing gas cylinder is filled with gas, the cavity balance valve is set to an open state, the cavity door is set to a closed state, and the gas cylinder manual valve, the repressing electric valve, the vacuumizing electric valve and the exhaust gas discharge electric valve are all set to a closed state;

[0027] After the manned spacecraft enters the orbit, in a normal state, the astronauts set the gas cylinder manual valve to a normally open state, and the repressing electric valve, the vacuumizing electric valve and the exhaust gas discharge electric valve all remain in a closed state;

[0028] If the cavity needs to be vacuumized, the following process is performed:

[0029] The astronauts open the cavity door, put the experimental device or sample into the cavity, close the cavity door and the cavity balance valve, the ground sends a command to control the opening of the vacuumizing electric valve, the cavity is vacuumized, the ground sends a command to control the closing of the vacuumizing electric valve, experiments are carried out in the cavity, the ground sends a command to open the repressing electric valve, the cavity is repressing, the ground sends a command to close the repressing electric valve, the astronauts open the cavity balance valve, open the cavity door, take out the experimental device or sample from the cavity, and the astronauts close the cavity door;

[0030] If the cavity needs to be exhaust gas discharged, the following process needs to be performed:

[0031] The astronaut opens the cavity door, puts the experimental device or sample into the cavity, closes the cavity door, closes the cavity balance valve, carries out the experiment inside the cavity, sends the ground command to control the opening of the exhaust gas electric valve, the cavity exhausts the gas, sends the ground command to control the closing of the exhaust gas electric valve, sends the ground command to open the repressing electric valve, represses the cavity, sends the ground command to close the repressing electric valve, the astronaut opens the cavity balance valve and the cavity door, takes out the experimental device or sample from the cavity, and the astronaut closes the cavity door.

[0032] Preferably, if the cavity is combined with vacuum pumping and exhaust gas, the following process is performed:

[0033] The astronaut opens the cavity door, puts the experimental device or sample into the cavity, closes the cavity door, closes the cavity balance valve, sends the ground command to control the opening of the vacuum pumping electric valve, the cavity is pumped, sends the ground command to control the closing of the vacuum pumping electric valve, and carries out the experiment inside the cavity.

[0034] Sends the ground command to open the repressing electric valve, represses the cavity, sends the ground command to close the repressing electric valve, sends the ground command to control the opening of the exhaust gas electric valve, the cavity exhausts the gas, and sends the ground command to control the closing of the exhaust gas electric valve.

[0035] Sends the ground command to open the repressing electric valve, represses the cavity, and sends the ground command to close the repressing electric valve.

[0036] The astronaut opens the cavity balance valve, opens the cavity door, takes out the experimental device or sample from the cavity, and the astronaut closes the cavity door.

[0037] The beneficial effects of the present application compared with the prior art are that the traditional manned spacecraft does not have the functions of vacuum pumping and exhaust gas of the space scientific experiment in the sealed cabin, which limits the types of space scientific experiments. The manned spacecraft of the present application applies the vacuum experiment system, can realize the exhaust of harmful gas in the sealed container of the space scientific experiment to the outside of the cabin or the vacuum pumping of the sealed container by using the vacuum resource outside the cabin, and can realize the repressing of the sealed container and the operation of the astronauts, supports the manned spacecraft to carry out more extensive types of space scientific experiments such as combustion experiment and material preparation experiment.

[0038] The manned spacecraft of the present application applies the vacuum experiment system, can discharge the harmful gas in the sealed container of the space scientific experiment to the outside of the cabin or pump the sealed container by the vacuum pumping and exhaust gas pipeline, has the ability to operate the experimental device or sample in the sealed container after repressing, solves the problems of vacuum pumping and exhaust gas of the space scientific experiment in the sealed cabin of the manned spacecraft, can carry out more types of space scientific experiment projects such as combustion experiment and material preparation experiment, does not affect the atmospheric environment in the sealed cabin, and does not endanger the safety of the astronauts, greatly improves the on-orbit application value of the manned spacecraft. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the manned spacecraft application vacuum experiment system of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the manned spacecraft application vacuum experiment system of the present invention includes a repressurization subsystem 1, an experimental container subsystem 2, a vacuum pumping subsystem 3, and an exhaust gas discharge subsystem 4.

[0042] The repressurization subsystem 1 is capable of repressurizing the sealed container of the experimental container subsystem 2. After the gas inside the sealed container is completely discharged, it repressurizes the interior of the sealed container to one atmosphere. The sealed container of the experimental container subsystem 2 stores or generates gases that need to be discharged by the vacuum pumping subsystem 3 or the exhaust gas venting subsystem 4, and these gases are then discharged to outer space through either subsystem. The experimental container subsystem 2 has a pressure balancing function; after repressurization, it connects the interior of the sealed container to the atmospheric environment inside the cabin, ensuring that the pressure inside and outside the sealed container remains consistent. The experimental container subsystem 2 has experimental support capabilities, allowing astronauts to place experimental devices or samples inside the sealed container and conduct experiments. After the experiment, the astronauts can remove the experimental devices or samples from the experimental container. The vacuum pumping subsystem 3 and the exhaust gas venting subsystem 4 support the vacuum pumping or exhaust gas venting of the experimental container subsystem 2. The experimental container subsystem 2 can be connected to the vacuum pumping subsystem 3 or the exhaust gas venting subsystem 4 independently, or simultaneously to both subsystems. The vacuum pumping subsystem 3 and the exhaust gas extraction subsystem 4 are independent of each other, connected to the experimental sealed container and the extravehicular space environment via pipelines, to exhaust the gas inside the cavity to the outer space. Both the vacuum pumping subsystem 3 and the exhaust gas extraction subsystem 4 have gas filtration and flow control functions.

[0043] Combination Figure 1 As shown, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the repressurization subsystem 1 includes a repressurization gas cylinder 11, a gas cylinder pressure gauge 12, a gas cylinder manual valve 13, a gas cylinder disconnector 14, a repressurization electric valve 15, a repressurization pressure reducing valve 16, and a repressurization pipeline 17.

[0044] The repressurization cylinder 11 is located at the upstream end of the repressurization pipeline 17. It contains high-pressure air or nitrogen and is used to repressurize the cavity 21 from a vacuum state to one atmosphere.

[0045] The cylinder pressure gauge 12 is connected to the outlet of the repressurized cylinder 11 via a pipeline and is used to measure the gas pressure inside the repressurized cylinder 11.

[0046] The gas cylinder manual valve 13 is opened or closed manually by astronauts, connected to the gas cylinder pressure gauge 12 and the outlet of the gas cylinder 11 through pipelines, and used for astronauts to manually control the connection or disconnection of the pipeline between the gas cylinder 11 and the cavity 21.

[0047] The gas cylinder disconnector 14 is connected to the gas cylinder manual valve 13 through pipelines, divided into an active end and a passive end, and has a manual connection and separation function. In the connected state, the active end and the passive end form a continuous pipeline passage. In the separated state, the pipeline is disconnected and sealed, used for astronauts to isolate and remove the gas cylinder 11, the gas cylinder pressure gauge 12 and the gas cylinder manual valve 13 from the gas cylinder subsystem 1, and replace them with new gas-filled gas cylinder 11, gas cylinder pressure gauge 12 and gas cylinder manual valve 13.

[0048] The gas cylinder disconnector 14 is connected to the gas cylinder manual valve 13 through pipelines, divided into an active end and a passive end, and has a manual connection and separation function. In the connected state, the active end and the passive end form a continuous pipeline passage. In the separated state, the pipeline is disconnected and sealed, used for astronauts to isolate and remove the gas cylinder 11, the gas cylinder pressure gauge 12 and the gas cylinder manual valve 13 from the gas cylinder subsystem 1, and replace them with new gas-filled gas cylinder 11, gas cylinder pressure gauge 12 and gas cylinder manual valve 13.

[0049] The gas cylinder disconnector 14 is connected to the gas cylinder manual valve 13 through pipelines, divided into an active end and a passive end, and has a manual connection and separation function. In the connected state, the active end and the passive end form a continuous pipeline passage. In the separated state, the pipeline is disconnected and sealed, used for astronauts to isolate and remove the gas cylinder 11, the gas cylinder pressure gauge 12 and the gas cylinder manual valve 13 from the gas cylinder subsystem 1, and replace them with new gas-filled gas cylinder 11, gas cylinder pressure gauge 12 and gas cylinder manual valve 13.

[0050] The gas cylinder disconnector 14 is connected to the gas cylinder manual valve 13 through pipelines, divided into an active end and a passive end, and has a manual connection and separation function. In the connected state, the active end and the passive end form a continuous pipeline passage. In the separated state, the pipeline is disconnected and sealed, used for astronauts to isolate and remove the gas cylinder 11, the gas cylinder pressure gauge 12 and the gas cylinder manual valve 13 from the gas cylinder subsystem 1, and replace them with new gas-filled gas cylinder 11, gas cylinder pressure gauge 12 and gas cylinder manual valve 13.

[0051] The experimental container subsystem 2 includes a cavity 21, a cavity pressure gauge 22, a cavity balance valve 23, and a cavity door 24.

[0052] The cavity 21 is the main structure of the sealed container of the experimental container subsystem 2, provides a place for experiments and gas storage, and provides installation conditions for the cavity balance valve 23 and the cavity door 24. The cavity 21 can withstand an external pressure of not less than one atmosphere.

[0053] The cavity pressure gauge 22 is installed inside the cavity 21 and used to measure the pressure of the gas in the cavity 21.

[0054] The cavity balance valve 23 is opened or closed manually by astronauts, controls the connection or disconnection of the inside of the cavity 21 and the atmosphere in the manned spacecraft sealed cabin, and is used to balance the gas pressure in the cavity 21 and the cabin atmosphere to facilitate the opening of the cavity door 24.

[0055] The cavity door 24 has a sealing function and is opened or closed manually by astronauts. When opened, astronauts can operate the experimental device and samples in the cavity 21. When closed, the atmosphere inside the cavity 21 is isolated from the atmosphere in the sealed cabin.

[0056] The vacuum pumping subsystem 3 comprises a vacuum pumping pipeline 31, a vacuum pumping filter 32 and a vacuum pumping electric valve 33.

[0057] The vacuum pumping pipeline 31 is connected to the cavity 21, the vacuum pumping filter 32, the vacuum pumping electric valve 33 and the cabin wall vacuum pumping hole, and is a passage for discharging the gas in the cavity 21 to the outer space.

[0058] The vacuum pumping filter 32 is located at the most upstream of the vacuum pumping pipeline 31 and is connected to the cavity 21, and is used for filtering the gas discharged from the cavity 21 to avoid the accumulation of large particles in the vacuum pumping pipeline 31 to cause blockage. The vacuum pumping filter 32 has a function of being manually replaced by astronauts in orbit.

[0059] The vacuum pumping electric valve 33 is an electric valve and is opened or closed under the control of ground instructions. The vacuum pumping electric valve 33 is located downstream of the vacuum pumping filter 32 and controls the connection or disconnection of the sealed container of the experimental container subsystem 2 to the outer space vacuum environment.

[0060] The exhaust gas discharge subsystem 4 comprises an exhaust gas discharge pipeline 41, an exhaust gas discharge filter 42 and an exhaust gas discharge electric valve 43.

[0061] The exhaust gas discharge pipeline 41 is connected to the cavity 21, the exhaust gas discharge filter 42, the exhaust gas discharge electric valve 43 and the cabin wall exhaust gas discharge hole, and is a passage for discharging the gas in the cavity 21 to the outer space.

[0062] The exhaust gas discharge filter 42 is located at the most upstream of the exhaust gas discharge pipeline 41 and is connected to the cavity 21, and is used for filtering the gas discharged from the cavity 21 to avoid the accumulation of large particles in the exhaust gas discharge pipeline 41 to cause blockage. The exhaust gas discharge filter 42 has a function of being manually replaced by astronauts in orbit.

[0063] The exhaust gas discharge electric valve 43 is an electric valve and is opened or closed under the control of ground instructions. The exhaust gas discharge electric valve 43 is located downstream of the exhaust gas discharge filter 42 and controls the connection or disconnection of the sealed container of the experimental container subsystem 2 to the outer space vacuum environment.

[0064] The use process of the vacuum experiment system for manned spacecraft is as follows:

[0065] 1) The manned spacecraft launch phase, the re-pressurization pipeline 17, the cavity 21, the vacuum pumping pipeline 31 and the exhaust pipeline 41 maintain one atmosphere, the active and passive ends of the cylinder disconnect 14 are connected in place, the re-pressurization cylinder 11 is full of gas, the cavity balance valve 23 is set to the open state, the cavity door 24 is set to the closed state, the cylinder manual valve 13, the re-pressurization electric valve 15, the vacuum pumping electric valve 33 and the exhaust electric valve 43 are all set to the closed state. The manned spacecraft ascent phase, the pipeline between the vacuum pumping electric valve 33 and the cabin wall vacuum pumping hole, the pipeline between the exhaust electric valve 43 and the cabin wall exhaust hole, and the internal gas pressure decrease synchronously with the decrease of the external cabin pressure.

[0066] 2) After the manned spacecraft enters the orbit, in the normal state, the astronauts set the cylinder manual valve 13 to the normally open state, and the re-pressurization electric valve 15, the vacuum pumping electric valve 33 and the exhaust electric valve 43 are all kept closed.

[0067] 3) The cavity 21 vacuum pumping process is: the astronauts open the cavity door 24, the astronauts put the experimental device or sample into the cavity 21, the astronauts close the cavity door 24, the astronauts close the cavity balance valve 23, the ground order controls the opening of the vacuum pumping electric valve 33, the cavity 21 is pumped to vacuum, the ground order controls the closing of the vacuum pumping electric valve 33, the cavity 21 carries out experiments inside, the ground order opens the re-pressurization electric valve 15, the cavity 21 is re-pressurized, the ground order closes the re-pressurization electric valve 15, the astronauts open the cavity balance valve 23, the astronauts open the cavity door 24, the astronauts take out the experimental device or sample from the inside of the cavity 21, and the astronauts close the cavity door 24.

[0068] 4) The cavity 21 exhaust process is: the astronauts open the cavity door 24, the astronauts put the experimental device or sample into the cavity 21, the astronauts close the cavity door 24, the astronauts close the cavity balance valve 23, the cavity 21 carries out experiments inside, the ground order controls the opening of the exhaust electric valve 43, the cavity 21 exhausts, the ground order controls the closing of the exhaust electric valve 43, the ground order opens the re-pressurization electric valve 15, the cavity 21 is re-pressurized, the ground order closes the re-pressurization electric valve 15, the astronauts open the cavity balance valve 23, the astronauts open the cavity door 24, the astronauts take out the experimental device or sample from the inside of the cavity 21, and the astronauts close the cavity door 24.

[0069] 5) The cavity 21 exhaust gas evacuation combined process is as follows: the astronaut opens the cavity door 24, the astronaut puts the experimental device or sample into the cavity 21, the astronaut closes the cavity door 24, the astronaut closes the cavity balance valve 23, the ground order controls the opening of the vacuumizing electric valve 33, the cavity 21 is vacuumized, the ground order controls the closing of the vacuumizing electric valve 33, the experiment is carried out inside the cavity 21, the ground order opens the repressing electric valve 15, the cavity 21 is repressing, the ground order closes the repressing electric valve 15, the ground order controls the opening of the exhaust gas electric valve 43, the cavity 21 exhausts gas, the ground order controls the closing of the exhaust gas electric valve 43, the ground order opens the repressing electric valve 15, the cavity 21 is repressing, the ground order closes the repressing electric valve 15, the astronaut opens the cavity balance valve 23, the astronaut opens the cavity door 24, the astronaut takes out the experimental device or sample from the cavity 21, and the astronaut closes the cavity door 24.

[0070] The manned spacecraft application vacuum experiment system provides vacuum degree maintenance and exhaust gas discharge support for space science experiments in the sealed cabin which have vacuumizing or exhaust gas discharge needs. For the experimental projects with vacuumizing needs, the gas in the experimental sealed container is discharged to the space environment outside the manned spacecraft sealed cabin before the experiment starts, the vacuum state inside the sealed container is maintained during the experiment, and the sealed container is repressing after the experiment is completed; for the experimental projects with exhaust gas discharge needs, the generated exhaust gas is enclosed in the experimental sealed container during the experiment, the gas in the sealed container is discharged to the space environment outside the manned spacecraft sealed cabin after the experiment is completed, and the sealed container is repressing after the exhaust gas discharge is completed. The system can meet the needs of space science experiments in the sealed cabin of the manned spacecraft for vacuum resources, expand the types of space science experiments in the sealed cabin of the manned spacecraft, and improve the application value of the manned spacecraft in orbit. The system can solve the problems of vacuumizing and exhaust gas discharge of space science experiments in the sealed cabin of the manned spacecraft, effectively expand the types of space science experiments in the cabin, and greatly improve the application value of the manned spacecraft in orbit.

[0071] The above merely describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A vacuum experimental system for manned spacecraft applications, characterized in that: It includes a pressure-reinforcing subsystem, an experimental container subsystem, a vacuum pumping subsystem, and an exhaust gas discharge subsystem; The repressurization subsystem has the function of repressurizing the experimental container subsystem. After the gas inside the experimental container subsystem is completely discharged, the internal pressure of the experimental container subsystem is repressurized to one atmosphere. The experimental container subsystem is a sealed container that stores or generates gases that need to be discharged by the vacuum subsystem or exhaust subsystem. The experimental container subsystem has a pressure balancing function. After repressurization, the experimental container subsystem is connected to the atmospheric environment inside the cabin to keep the internal and external pressures consistent. The experimental container subsystem has an experimental support function. Astronauts place experimental devices or samples inside the experimental container subsystem, and after the experiment, the astronauts remove the experimental devices or samples from inside the experimental container subsystem. The vacuum pumping subsystem and the exhaust gas venting subsystem are independent of each other. Both are connected to the experimental container subsystem and the extravehicular space environment through pipelines to release the gas inside the sealed container into the extravehicular space. The vacuum subsystem includes vacuum piping, vacuum filters, and electric vacuum valves; The vacuum pipeline is connected in sequence to the experimental container subsystem cavity, the vacuum filter, the vacuum electric valve, and the vacuum port on the cabin wall. It is the passage for the gas inside the experimental container subsystem cavity to be discharged to the outer space. Vacuum filters are used to filter gases discharged from the chambers of experimental container subsystems; The vacuum electric valve is located downstream of the vacuum filter and is opened or closed under ground command control to control the connection or disconnection between the experimental container subsystem cavity and the external vacuum environment. The exhaust gas subsystem includes exhaust gas pipelines, exhaust gas filters, and exhaust gas electric valves; The exhaust gas pipeline is connected in sequence to the experimental container subsystem cavity, exhaust gas filter, exhaust gas electric valve and exhaust gas vent on the cabin wall, and is the passage for the gas inside the experimental container subsystem cavity to be discharged to the outer space. The exhaust gas filter is used to filter the gas discharged from the cavity of the experimental container subsystem; The exhaust gas electric valve is located downstream of the exhaust gas filter. It is opened or closed under ground command control to control the connection or disconnection between the experimental container subsystem cavity and the external vacuum environment.

2. The vacuum experimental system for manned spacecraft applications according to claim 1, characterized in that: The repressurization subsystem includes a repressurization cylinder, a cylinder pressure gauge, a cylinder manual valve, a cylinder disconnector, a repressurization electric valve, and a repressurization pressure reducing valve. The repressurized gas cylinder is located at the upstream end of the repressurization pipeline and contains high-pressure air or nitrogen. The cylinder pressure gauge is connected to the outlet of the repressurized gas cylinder through a pipeline to measure the gas pressure inside the cylinder. The cylinder manual valve is manually opened or closed by the astronaut and is connected to the cylinder pressure gauge and the outlet of the repressurized gas cylinder through a pipeline. The cylinder disconnector is connected to the cylinder manual valve through a pipeline and has an active end and a passive end. It is manually connected and disconnected. In the connected state, the active end and the passive end form a connected pipeline path. In the disconnected state, the pipeline is disconnected and sealed. The repressurization electric valve is an electric valve that opens or closes under ground command control. One end of the repressurization electric valve is connected to the gas cylinder disconnector via a pipeline, and the other end is connected to one end of the downstream repressurization pressure reducing valve via a pipeline, thereby enabling the connection or disconnection of the pipeline between the repressurization gas cylinder and the experimental container subsystem. The other end of the pressure reducing valve is connected to the experimental container subsystem cavity via a pipeline, reducing the high-pressure gas in the pressure reducing cylinder to a low pressure that the cavity can withstand.

3. The vacuum experimental system for manned spacecraft applications according to claim 2, characterized in that: The experimental container subsystem includes a cavity, a cavity pressure gauge, a cavity balancing valve, and a cavity door; The cavity is the main structure of the experimental container subsystem, providing a place for experiments and gas storage, and can withstand an external pressure of not less than one atmosphere. The cavity pressure gauge is installed inside the cavity to measure the gas pressure inside the cavity. The cavity balance valve is manually opened or closed by the astronaut to control the connection or disconnection between the inside of the cavity and the atmospheric environment inside the manned spacecraft's sealed cabin. The cavity door is also manually opened or closed by the astronaut. When it is open, the astronaut can operate the experimental devices and samples inside the cavity. When it is closed, it isolates the inside of the cavity from the atmospheric environment inside the sealed cabin.

4. The vacuum experimental system for manned spacecraft applications according to claim 3, characterized in that: The vacuum filter is designed to be manually replaced by astronauts in orbit.

5. A vacuum experimental system for manned spacecraft applications according to claim 4, characterized in that: The exhaust gas filter is designed to be manually replaced by astronauts in orbit.

6. An application method based on the manned spacecraft vacuum experiment system described in claim 5, characterized in that, include: During the launch phase of the manned spacecraft, the repressurization pipeline, the experimental container subsystem cavity, the vacuum pipeline, and the exhaust gas pipeline maintain one atmosphere of pressure. The gas cylinder disconnector is connected in place, the repressurization gas cylinder is filled with gas, the cavity balance valve is set to the open state, the cavity door is set to the closed state, and the gas cylinder manual valve, repressurization electric valve, vacuum electric valve, and exhaust gas electric valve are all set to the closed state. After the manned spacecraft enters orbit, under normal circumstances, the astronauts will set the manual valve of the gas cylinder to the normally open state, while the electric valve for repressurization, the electric valve for vacuuming, and the electric valve for exhaust gas will all remain closed. If a vacuum is required in the cavity, perform the following procedure: The astronauts open the cavity door, place the experimental device or sample into the cavity, close the cavity door and the cavity balance valve, and the ground sends a command to open the vacuum valve, evacuating the cavity. The ground then sends a command to close the vacuum valve, and the experiment is carried out inside the cavity. The ground sends a command to open the repressurization valve, repressurizing the cavity. The ground then sends a command to close the repressurization valve, and the astronauts open the cavity balance valve and the cavity door to remove the experimental device or sample from inside the cavity. The astronauts then close the cavity door. If exhaust gas needs to be discharged from the cavity, the following process needs to be performed: The astronauts open the cavity door, place the experimental device or sample into the cavity, close the cavity door, and close the cavity balance valve. The experiment is carried out inside the cavity. The ground sends a command to open the exhaust gas electric valve, and the cavity exhausts gas. The ground sends a command to close the exhaust gas electric valve, and the ground sends a command to open the repressurization electric valve, and the cavity is repressurized. The ground sends a command to close the repressurization electric valve, and the astronauts open the cavity balance valve and the cavity door to remove the experimental device or sample from inside the cavity. The astronauts then close the cavity door.

7. The application method according to claim 6, characterized in that, If the cavity is evacuated and the exhaust gas is discharged in a combined manner, the following process will be performed: Astronauts open the cavity door, place the experimental device or sample into the cavity, close the cavity door, close the cavity balance valve, and send a command from the ground to control the opening of the vacuum pumping electric valve, evacuating the cavity. Then, the ground sends a command to control the closing of the vacuum pumping electric valve, and the experiment is carried out inside the cavity. The ground sends a command to open the pressure-restoring electric valve, restoring pressure inside the cavity; the ground sends a command to close the pressure-restoring electric valve; the ground sends a command to open the exhaust gas electric valve, venting exhaust gas from the cavity; the ground sends a command to close the exhaust gas electric valve. The ground sends a command to open the pressure-restoring electric valve, restoring pressure inside the cavity; the ground sends a command to close the pressure-restoring electric valve. The astronauts open the cavity balance valve and the cavity door to remove the experimental device or sample from inside the cavity, and then close the cavity door.

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