A braking type gradual cross-section drilling device and its use method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a brake-type gradual-section drilling device and its use method, which belong to the field of underground coal mine construction technology. The device comprises a combined rod body, the tail of which is connected to a main control system. The combined rod body comprises a driving rod body with a hollow rod structure, a brake rod body is sleeved within the driving rod body, and a rock-breaking cutter head with a special-shaped structure that can be opened and closed is connected to the end of the driving rod body. A spiral adjustment disk is movably provided on the inner side of the end of the driving rod body, which can control the opening and closing of the rock-breaking cutter head by rotation. The spiral adjustment disk is connected to the end of the brake rod body. The main control system is equipped with an electric motor and a brake. The electric motor drives the driving wheel to drive the driving rod body to rotate and drill holes, and the brake limits the rotation of the brake rod body to achieve the position change of the rock-breaking cutter head on the cross-section slide, thereby achieving the control and grasp of the preset drilling diameter during the drilling process. The device has the advantages of reasonable structure, stable function, and economic efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a braking type gradually changing cross-section drilling device and a use method thereof, belonging to the technical field of underground coal mine construction. Background Art

[0002] Anchor bolting is widely used in underground projects, foundation pits, and slope support. It enhances the bearing capacity of the ground and the stability of the project. It requires little material and equipment, has minimal impact on the surrounding environment and surrounding rock, and offers advantages such as low cost, high support efficiency, and excellent support effectiveness. However, anchor bolting requires pre-drilled holes and high dimensional accuracy, placing significant demands on the drilling process.

[0003] Due to the influence of geological characteristics, stress environments, anchoring agent bonding properties, and rock formation movement, unbend failure between anchors and surrounding rock is a common occurrence. To address this issue, the most effective and economical approach is to increase the end anchoring force and expand the end anchoring range. However, in current coal roadway bolting operations, limited space precludes the use of large-scale machinery and equipment, so handheld electric pneumatic drills are still used. While handheld electric pneumatic drills offer high efficiency and flexibility, in practice they can only produce cylindrical holes with a constant diameter, meaning they cannot increase the diameter of the end anchoring portion. Furthermore, to prevent these issues, grouting is often used to reinforce the end of the anchor. This involves filling the hole with high-strength materials to improve the physical and mechanical properties of the surrounding rock in the anchoring section, thereby increasing the bond between the anchor and the surrounding rock. However, due to limitations in grouting location and equipment, pre-drilling the end requires waiting for the grouting to solidify, and even secondary drilling is required before anchoring can be performed. This complex process makes field implementation extremely unfeasible. Based on this, patent number CN114278352 A proposes a method of anchoring the ends and reinforcing the middle section. However, achieving this anchoring method requires expanding the middle section of the anchor hole, which is impossible with handheld electric pneumatic drills. Given this issue, there is an urgent need to develop a tapered cross-section drilling device that can expand the diameter of the anchor hole at any position to address this engineering and technical challenge. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Technical problem: In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, a braking type gradient cross-section drilling device and its use method are provided. It has a simple structure and is easy to use. It can expand the capacity to improve support efficiency, reduce support costs, and increase anchoring performance, thereby effectively solving the problem of aperture protection failure at any position of the anchor hole such as sliding instability.

[0005] Technical solution: The present invention discloses a brake-type gradual-section drilling device, comprising a combined rod body, the tail of which is connected to a main control system, the combined rod body comprising a driving rod body with a hollow rod structure, a braking rod body sleeved within the driving rod body, a rock-breaking cutter head with a special-shaped structure that can be opened and closed connected to the end of the driving rod body, a spiral adjustment disk that can be movably provided on the inner side of the end of the driving rod body and can control the opening and closing of the rock-breaking cutter head by rotation, and the spiral adjustment disk is connected to the end of the braking rod body;

[0006] The main control system includes a rectangular control box with a handrail. The rectangular control box is equipped with a motor, a brake, a driving wheel, a driven wheel and an integrated program processor. The rectangular control box is movably connected to the driving rod body of the combined rod body through a bearing. The driven wheel is sleeved on the tail of the driving rod body. After the motor is started, the driving wheel is driven to rotate through the drive shaft, and the driving wheel drives the driven wheel to rotate. The brake is connected to the tail of the brake rod body through the brake shaft and limits the rotation of the brake rod body, so that the rotation speed of the brake rod body can be controlled to be lower than that of the driving rod body.

[0007] The motor and brake are connected to the integrated program processor through wires. The integrated program processor is equipped with a motor start / stop control button and a speed adjustment button, a brake start / stop control button and a digital display screen.

[0008] A spiral protrusion is provided on the spiral adjusting disk at the end of the driving rod body; the end of the driving rod body is embedded in the rock and soil cutting head through a transversely arranged slide groove, and the rock and soil cutting head can be opened and closed along the slide groove; a groove is provided at the rear of the rock and soil cutting head, and the groove matches the size of the spiral protrusion on the spiral adjusting disk, and the rock and soil cutting head can rotate with the driving rod body to break rock and soil and advance, and the drilling shape is controlled by the brake rod body; when the brake motor controls the braking rod body to rotate at a speed lower than that of the driving rod body, the spiral protrusion on the spiral adjusting disk will drive the rock and soil cutting head to open to both sides along the spiral adjusting disk through the groove, thereby realizing expanded drilling; the opening or closing distance and speed of the rock and soil cutting head along the slide groove are controlled by the spiral adjusting disk and controlled by the brake rod body;

[0009] By controlling the working conditions of the motor and brake through a program processor, the information parameters of the rock and soil breaking cutter head during drilling can be adjusted in real time to form different expansion boreholes according to needs.

[0010] Furthermore, the driving rod body is provided with spirally arranged rock and soil breaking teeth for discharging the broken rock and soil from the anchor hole.

[0011] Furthermore, the brake lever extends deep into the drive lever. The end of the brake lever, located closest to the main control system, can be braked by the brake mechanism via a brake shaft. The other end is fixed to a spiral adjustment disk, which features a spiral protrusion that matches the size of a groove on the rock and soil cutting head. This allows the rock and soil cutting head to be moved in a sliding manner by relative rotation of the spiral adjustment disk and the drive lever.

[0012] Furthermore, when selecting the material for the rock and soil breaking cutter head, it should be ensured that its strength and rigidity are sufficient.

[0013] Furthermore, the motor drives the active wheel to rotate through the drive shaft, thereby driving the driving rod body, the rock breaking cutter head and the brake rod body to rotate together. If the aperture of the preset position of the anchor hole needs to be expanded, the brake motor is started to limit the rotation of the brake rod body, and the driving rod body and the brake rod body will be twisted relative to each other. The spiral adjustment disk is further used to adjust the position of the rock breaking cutter head in the slide groove to achieve the expansion of the preset position of the anchor hole.

[0014] A method for using a braking-type gradual-section drilling device comprises the following steps:

[0015] The drilling position is pre-calibrated in the surrounding rock, and the main control system is turned on. The motor start / stop control button and the speed adjustment button on the integrated program processor are used to control the motor to rotate the driving rod, which in turn drives the rock-breaking cutter head to cut the soil layer on the surrounding rock and drill a hole. At this time, the rock-breaking teeth inherently arranged in the spiral arrangement on the driving rod rotate to discharge the crushed rock and soil cut by the rock-breaking cutter head out of the anchor hole.

[0016] When drilling into the preset position, it is necessary to expand the diameter of the anchor hole at that position to enhance its anchoring effect. Then, the integrated program processor activates the brake to limit the rotation of the brake rod. At this time, due to the braking of the brake, the driving rod and the brake rod will be twisted relative to each other. Under the adjustment of the spiral adjustment disk, the rock and soil cutting head moves along the slide groove to the two ends of the circumference, thereby achieving the expansion drilling of the preset anchor position.

[0017] After drilling is completed, install the anchor rod, put the anchoring agent putty roll, curing agent roll and anchor rod into the anchor hole, start the agitator to drive the anchor rod body to rotate and stir, wait for the anchor agent to solidify, and then install the tray and anti-slip wire nut on the exposed part of the anchor hole in sequence.

[0018] Furthermore, the drilling information parameters are adjusted through the integrated program processor, and the opening and closing of the rock-breaking cutter head are adjusted dynamically in real time, so as to construct a gradually expanded borehole. The expanded space is cylindrical, terraced and spindle-shaped. An annular slurry plug is installed at the corresponding position of the grouting anchor rod and then placed in the anchor hole. Cement slurry is injected into the expanded space through the grouting anchor rod. After the cement slurry solidifies, a tray and an anti-slip wire nut are sequentially installed on the exposed part of the anchor hole to avoid the disadvantages caused by the cement slurry anchoring at the end.

[0019] Beneficial effects: The present invention has the function of expanding the aperture of any position of the anchor hole, thereby increasing the anchoring performance, improving the support efficiency, reducing the support cost, and effectively solving the support failure problems such as sliding instability.

[0020] (1) By increasing the diameter of the end anchoring part, the end anchoring force is increased, the end anchoring range is expanded, and the problem of insufficient anchoring force of existing anchor support leading to slippage and failure of the anchor body and the surrounding rock is compensated; (2) The diameter of the anchor hole can be expanded at any position, so that the surrounding rock can be grout-reinforced in the middle section of the anchor hole, which makes up for the inconvenience of reserving drilling holes when anchoring after the end reinforcement, simplifies the construction process, and saves a lot of manpower and material resources. The device uses an electric motor to drive the driving wheel to rotate, which can drive the driving rod body and the brake rod body to rotate; the soil (rock layer) is cut by the rock-breaking cutter head and the soil cut by the drill hole is transported to the anchor hole mouth for discharge by the spirally arranged rock-breaking teeth; the cross-sectional position of the rock-breaking cutter head is adjusted by the limiting effect of the brake on the brake rod body, which can achieve the expansion effect at any position of the anchor hole. The present invention has a simple structure, economical cost, easy promotion, stable function, and can greatly increase the anchoring performance, improve the support efficiency, and reduce the support cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a drilling device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of drilling construction of a braking-type gradual-section drilling device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] FIG3( a ) is a schematic cross-sectional view of a spiral adjustment disk according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3(b) is a schematic cross-sectional view of a bearing according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] FIG4( a ) is a perspective schematic diagram of the end portion of a driving rod body in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] FIG4( b ) is a perspective view of the installation of a rock and soil breaking cutter head according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of drilling expansion in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 (a) is a schematic diagram of anchor rod installation in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] FIG6( b ) is a schematic diagram of the anchoring installation of the middle section of the grouting anchor rod in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] In the figure: 1-surrounding rock, 2-anchor rod, 3-tray, 4-anti-slip nut, 5-anchor hole, 6-driving rod body, 7-brake rod body, 8-rock and soil breaking teeth, 9-spiral adjustment disk, 10-rock and soil breaking cutter head, 11-groove, 12-spiral protrusion, 13-main control system, 14-bearing, 15-driven wheel, 16-driving wheel, 17-motor, 18-driving shaft, 19-brake shaft, 20-integrated program processor, 21-conducting wire, 22-brake, 23-handrail, 24-grouting anchor rod, 25-anchor agent solidified body, 26-cement slurry solidified body, 27-annular slurry blocking plug, 28-chute. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments in the accompanying drawings:

[0032] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 As shown in Figures 3(a) and 3(b), a braking type gradual cross-section drilling device of the present invention includes a main control system 13, a driving rod body 6, a braking rod body 7 and a rock breaking cutter head 10.

[0033] The main control system 13 is a rectangular control box structure, movably connected to the drive rod 6 via a bearing 14. It houses a motor 17, a brake 22, a driving wheel 16, a driven wheel 15, and an integrated program processor 20. The motor 17 rotates the driving wheel 16 via a drive shaft 18, which in turn drives the driven wheel 15. The driven wheel 15 is mounted on one end of the drive rod 6, so when the motor 17 is activated, it rotates the drive rod 6. The brake 22, connected to the brake rod 7 via a brake shaft 19, limits its rotation, thereby adjusting the position of the rock-breaking cutter head 10 on the screw adjustment disk 9, thereby controlling the predetermined borehole diameter. The motor 17 and brake 22 are connected to the integrated program processor 20 via a wire 21. The integrated program processor 20 is equipped with a start / stop control button and a speed adjustment button for the motor 17, a start / stop control button for the brake 22, and a digital display for real-time adjustment of information parameters during the drilling process.

[0034] The drive rod 6 is a hollow rod driven by a motor 17 and internally connected to a brake rod 7. Its end, near the anchor hole 5, is movably connected to the main control system 13 via a bearing 14. The other end is provided with a chute 28, embedded within which is a rock-breaking cutter head 10, which slides along the chute 28 under the adjustment of a spiral adjustment disk 9. The drive rod 6 is also equipped with rock-breaking teeth 8 arranged in a spiral pattern, which are used to discharge the crushed rock and soil from the anchor hole 5.

[0035] The brake rod 7 is inserted deep into the drive rod 6. Its end, which is closest to the main control system 13, can be braked by a brake motor 22 via a brake shaft 19. Its other end is fixed to a spiral adjustment disk 9, which has a spiral protrusion 12 on its surface. The spiral protrusion 12 matches the size of the groove 11 on the rock and soil cutting head 10. That is, the relative rotation of the spiral adjustment disk 9 and the drive rod 6 can achieve the position sliding of the rock and soil cutting head 10.

[0036] like Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, the construction steps are as follows: First, the drilling position is pre-calibrated in the surrounding rock 1. Then, the main control system 13 is turned on, and the motor 17 start / stop control button and speed adjustment button on the integrated program processor 20 are used to control the motor 17, thereby rotating the drive rod 6, which in turn drives the rock-breaking cutter head 10 to cut the soil layer in the surrounding rock 1 and drill the hole. At this time, due to the spiral arrangement of rock-breaking teeth 8 on the drive rod 6, the crushed rock and soil cut by the rock-breaking cutter head 10 can be discharged from the anchor hole 5. When the predetermined position is reached (i.e., the anchor hole diameter needs to be expanded at this location to enhance its anchoring effect), the integrated program processor 20 activates the brake 22 to limit the rotation of the brake rod 7. At this time, due to the braking of the brake 22, the drive rod 6 and the brake rod 7 will undergo relative twisting. Further, the rock-breaking cutter head 10, under the adjustment of the spiral adjustment disk 9, moves along the slide 28 toward the ends of the circumference to achieve the expansion of the predetermined anchoring position.

[0037] As shown in Figures 4(a) and 4(b), the rock-breaking cutter head 10 is a special-shaped structure that fits into the end slot 28 of the drive rod 6 and rotates with the drive rod 6 to break rock and soil. The rock-breaking cutter head 10 is provided with a groove 11, which matches the size of the spiral protrusion 12 on the spiral adjustment disk 9. Therefore, the sliding effect (sliding distance and sliding speed) of the rock-breaking cutter head 10 along the slot 28 is controlled by the spiral adjustment disk 9, and then by the brake rod 7.

[0038] like Figure 5 As shown in Figures 6(a) and 6(b), when implementing anchor support, the anchoring agent mortar roll, the curing agent roll and the anchor rod 2 are sent into the anchor hole 5, the agitator is started to drive the rod body to rotate and stir, and after the anchor agent is cured, an anchoring agent solidified body 25 is formed in the drilling expansion area, and the tray 3 and the anti-slip wire nut 4 are sequentially installed on the exposed part of the anchor hole 5.

[0039] By adjusting the drilling information parameters through the integrated program processor 20, the opening and closing of the rock-breaking cutter head 10 are adjusted dynamically in real time, thereby constructing a gradually expanded borehole, and the expanded space is cylindrical, terraced and spindle-shaped. After the annular slurry plug 27 is installed at the corresponding position of the grouting anchor rod 24, it is placed in the anchor hole, and cement slurry is injected into the expanded space through the grouting anchor rod 24. After the cement slurry solidifies, a cement slurry solidified body 26 is formed. The tray 3 and the anti-slip wire nut 4 are sequentially installed on the exposed part of the anchor hole 5 to avoid the disadvantages caused by the cement slurry anchoring at the end.

[0040] The device can also realize anchoring of the middle section of the anchor rod, that is, by adjusting the drilling information parameters through the integrated program processor 20, the device can be gradually expanded at the corresponding position of the anchor hole (this part can be preset to be expanded into a large-aperture cylindrical section or a truncated cone section), and an annular slurry plug 27 is installed at the corresponding position of the grouting anchor rod 24. Then, cement slurry is injected through the grouting anchor rod 24. After waiting for the cement slurry to solidify, the tray 3 and the anti-slip wire nut 4 are sequentially installed on the exposed part of the anchor hole 5, thereby avoiding the disadvantages caused by the end cement slurry anchoring.

Claims

1. A braking type gradual cross-section drilling device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a combined rod body, the tail of the combined rod body is connected to a main control system (13), the combined rod body comprises a driving rod body (6) of a hollow rod body structure, a brake rod body (7) is provided inside the driving rod body (6), the end of the driving rod body (6) is connected to a rock-breaking cutter head (10) of a special-shaped structure and capable of opening and closing, a spiral adjustment disk (9) is movably provided on the inner side of the end of the driving rod body (6) and can control the opening and closing of the rock-breaking cutter head (10) by rotation, and the spiral adjustment disk (9) is connected to the end of the brake rod body (7); The main control system (13) includes a rectangular control box, which is provided with an armrest (23). The rectangular control box is provided with an electric motor (17), a brake (22), a driving wheel (16), a driven wheel (15) and an integrated program processor (20). The rectangular control box is movably connected to the driving rod body (6) of the combined rod body through a bearing (14). The driven wheel (15) is sleeved on the tail of the driving rod body (6). After the electric motor (17) is started, the driving wheel (16) is driven to rotate through a driving shaft (18), and the driving wheel (16) drives the driven wheel (15) to rotate. The brake (22) is connected to the tail of the brake rod body (7) through a brake shaft (19) and limits the rotation of the brake rod body (7), so that the rotation speed of the brake rod body (7) can be controlled to be lower than that of the driving rod body (6). The motor (17) and the brake (22) are connected to the integrated program processor (20) through a wire (21). The integrated program processor (20) is provided with a start / stop control button and a speed adjustment button for the motor (17), a start / stop control button for the brake (22) and a digital display screen; A spiral protrusion (12) is provided on the spiral adjustment disk (9) at the end of the driving rod body (6); the end of the driving rod body (6) is embedded in the rock-breaking cutter head (10) through a horizontally arranged slide groove (28), and the rock-breaking cutter head (10) can be opened and closed along the slide groove (28); a groove (11) is provided at the rear of the rock-breaking cutter head (10), and the groove (11) matches the size of the spiral protrusion (12) on the spiral adjustment disk (9), and the rock-breaking cutter head (10) can rotate with the driving rod body (6) to break rocks The soil moves forward, and the shape of the drilling hole is controlled by the brake rod body (7); when the brake motor (22) controls the rotation speed of the brake rod body (7) to be less than that of the driving rod body (6), the spiral protrusion (12) on the spiral adjustment disk (9) drives the rock and soil cutting head (10) to open to both sides along the spiral adjustment disk (9) through the groove (11), thereby realizing the expansion of the drilling hole; the opening or closing distance and speed of the rock and soil cutting head (10) along the chute (28) are controlled by the spiral adjustment disk (9) and controlled by the brake rod body (7); By controlling the working conditions of the motor (17) and the brake (22) through a program processor (20), information parameters of the rock-breaking cutter head (10) during the drilling process can be adjusted in real time, thereby forming different expansion boreholes as required.

2. A braking type gradual cross-section drilling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving rod body (6) is provided with rock-soil breaking teeth (8) around its periphery. The rock-soil breaking teeth (8) are spirally arranged to discharge the broken rock and soil from the anchor hole (5).

3. The braking type gradual cross-section drilling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The brake rod body (7) is deeply inserted into the driving rod body (6), and one end of the brake rod body (7) close to the main control system (13) can be braked by the brake machine (22) through the brake shaft (19); the other end is fixedly connected to the spiral adjustment disk (9), and the surface of the spiral adjustment disk (9) is provided with a spiral protrusion (12). The size of the spiral protrusion (12) matches the size of the groove (11) on the rock and soil breaking cutter head (10), that is, the position sliding of the rock and soil breaking cutter head (10) can be achieved by the relative rotation of the spiral adjustment disk (9) and the driving rod body (6).

4. A braking type gradual cross-section drilling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: When selecting the material of the rock and soil breaking cutter head (10), it should be ensured that its strength and rigidity are large enough.

5. The braking type gradual cross-section drilling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The motor (17) drives the driving wheel (16) to rotate via the driving shaft (18), thereby driving the driving rod body (6), the rock-breaking cutter head (10) and the brake rod body (7) to rotate together. If the aperture of the anchor hole (5) at the preset position needs to be expanded, the brake motor (22) is started to limit the rotation of the brake rod body (7), and the driving rod body (6) and the brake rod body (7) will be twisted relative to each other. The spiral adjustment disk (9) is further used to adjust the position of the rock-breaking cutter head (10) in the slide groove (28) to achieve the expansion of the preset position of the anchor hole (5).

6. A method for using the braking type tapered cross-section drilling device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: Here are the steps: The construction drilling position is pre-calibrated on the surrounding rock (1), the main control system (13) is turned on, and the motor start / stop control button and the speed adjustment button on the integrated program processor (20) are used to control the motor (17) to drive the driving rod (6) to rotate, thereby driving the rock-breaking cutter head (10) to cut the soil layer on the surrounding rock (1) and drill a hole; at this time, the rock-breaking teeth (8) inherently arranged in a spiral arrangement on the driving rod (6) rotate to discharge the broken rock and soil cut by the rock-breaking cutter head (10) out of the anchor hole (5); When drilling into a predetermined position, it is necessary to expand the diameter of the anchor hole at that position to enhance its anchoring effect. Then, the integrated program processor (20) starts the brake (22) to limit the rotation of the brake rod body (7). At this time, due to the braking of the brake (22), the driving rod body (6) and the brake rod body (7) will be relatively twisted. Under the adjustment of the spiral adjustment disk (9), the rock breaking cutter head (10) moves along the slide groove (28) to the two ends of the circumference, thereby realizing the expansion drilling of the preset anchoring position. After the drilling is completed, the anchor rod is installed, and the anchoring agent mortar roll, the curing agent roll and the anchor rod (2) are sent into the anchor hole (5). The stirrer is started to drive the anchor rod body to rotate and stir. After the anchoring agent is cured, the tray (3) and the anti-slip wire nut (4) are sequentially mounted on the exposed part of the anchor hole (5).

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that: By adjusting the drilling information parameters through the integrated program processor (20), the opening and closing of the rock-breaking cutter head (10) are dynamically adjusted in real time, thereby constructing a gradually expanded borehole, the expanded space being cylindrical, terraced and spindle-shaped, and an annular slurry blocking plug (27) is installed at the corresponding position of the grouting anchor rod (24) and then placed in the anchor hole, and cement slurry is injected into the expanded space through the grouting anchor rod (24). After the cement slurry is solidified, a tray (3) and an anti-slip wire nut (4) are sequentially mounted on the exposed part of the anchor hole (5), thereby avoiding the disadvantages caused by the cement slurry anchoring at the end.

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