An extraterrestrial body surface layer ultra-low temperature environment simulation device

Abstract

The application discloses an extraterrestrial body surface layer ultralow-temperature environment simulation device and relates to the field of planetary low-temperature environment simulation. The device comprises a box body connected with a test cabin, a plurality of flange interfaces are arranged on the test cabin, one flange interface is connected with a refrigeration system, a mask is arranged at another flange interface, as a reserved interface of an externally connected refrigeration system, and the device can simulate an ultralow-temperature environment of an extraterrestrial body surface layer; the other flange interfaces are general flange interfaces, as spare interfaces of a visual window or an externally connected in-situ analysis testing instrument; a vacuum system is arranged in the box body, and the device can simulate a vacuum test environment of an extraterrestrial body surface layer; a moving platform is arranged in the test cabin, and the moving platform can drive a sample to move to a set position; the outer surface of the box body and the inner and outer surfaces of the test cabin are coated with light-absorbing layers, and the light-absorbing layers can absorb stray light to perform a reflection spectrum test. The device can simulate an ultralow-temperature environment of an extraterrestrial body surface layer, has in-situ test and reflection spectrum test conditions, and meets the needs of the research on the ultralow-temperature extraterrestrial body surface layer environment.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of planetary cryogenic environment simulation, and in particular to an extraterrestrial surface layer ultra-low temperature environment simulation device. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the deepening of the exploration of extraterrestrial objects, the difficulty of extraterrestrial object detection tasks is increasing, and the understanding and simulation of extraterrestrial object environment are increasingly enhanced. Spectra are the most intuitive and commonly used means to understand and detect the surface environment and basic physical and chemical properties of extraterrestrial objects. Since the target detection area has characteristics including ultra-low temperature and high latitude, the current detection task often faces the characteristics of missing detection data, unclear basic information, and harsh working environment, so it is difficult for the detector to detect the extraterrestrial object in the actual detection process. The above situation not only greatly hinders the understanding of the evolution history, chemical and physical properties of the target area, but also poses a great challenge to the smooth development of the detection task. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the high-fidelity comprehensive ground simulation of the target detection area, accurately simulate the vacuum ultra-low temperature environment, and on this basis, test the reflectance spectrum to obtain first-hand data and support the detection task to ensure the smooth implementation of the deep space exploration task. At present, the existing planetary environment simulation device lacks extreme environment simulation including ultra-low temperature, and cannot carry out spectrum test under ultra-low temperature conditions, that is, the existing extraterrestrial environment simulation device cannot meet the growing demand for extreme environment ground simulation verification, and cannot evaluate and verify the problems that may be encountered in the detection task. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a new type of extraterrestrial ultra-low temperature environment simulation and spectrum ground verification device to realize stable and accurate simulation of ultra-low temperature environment and prediction of planetary surface characteristics to meet the research and detection needs of extraterrestrial objects with ultra-low temperature surface environment. SUMMARY

[0003] The purpose of the present application is to provide an extraterrestrial surface layer ultra-low temperature environment simulation device to solve the problems existing in the prior art, which can realize the simulation of the ultra-low temperature environment of the extraterrestrial surface layer, and has in-situ testing and reflectance spectrum testing conditions under ultra-low temperature conditions to meet the needs of the research on the ultra-low temperature extraterrestrial surface layer environment.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following solutions:

[0005] The present application provides an extraterrestrial surface layer ultra-low temperature environment simulation device, comprising:

[0006] The box body is provided with a control panel on the outer wall, and a control system is arranged in the box body, so that the vacuum degree and low temperature value range in the test cabin can be controlled by the buttons on the control panel, and the temperature and vacuum degree value in the test cabin can be displayed in real time, so that the target detection area can be simulated with high fidelity.

[0007] The test cabin is fixedly arranged on the top of the box body, and a plurality of flange interfaces are arranged on the test cabin, one of which is used for connecting a refrigeration system, another of which is provided with a mask plate as a reserved external refrigeration system interface, and the other flange interfaces are general flange interfaces.

[0008] The moving platform is arranged in the test cabin and can drive the sample in the test cabin to move to a specified position in the test cabin along three-dimensional directions, so as to cooperate with the in-situ analysis test instrument connected to the different flange interfaces to carry out different in-situ test experiments.

[0009] The refrigeration system is communicated with the test cabin through one of the flange interfaces or the reserved external refrigeration system interface of the test cabin, and can cool the sample in the test cabin to a set temperature.

[0010] The vacuum system is arranged in the box body and used for evacuating the test cabin, and the vacuum degree can reach 10 5 Pa~10 -6 Pa to simulate the vacuum environment of the surface layer of the extraterrestrial body.

[0011] Optionally, the test cabin is a cylindrical structure, which is provided with an observation window for real-time observation and data collection of sample state and physical property changes in the simulated extraterrestrial body surface layer ultra-low temperature environment; six sealable flange interfaces are arranged on the side wall of the test cabin; two flange interfaces are used for external connection of a refrigeration system, and the two flange interfaces can be used alternately; a shutter is arranged at the standby flange interface to realize sealing, facilitate later upgrading, and two refrigeration systems are simultaneously connected to the two flange interfaces to achieve lower temperature and higher refrigeration efficiency; the other four flange interfaces are general flange interfaces, which have good versatility and can be connected to different in-situ testers and other in-situ analysis test instruments; the general flange interfaces can also be replaced with general high-vacuum interfaces according to needs, which are used to match the probes of corresponding external equipment. The lunar permanently shadowed region ice soil sample can be prepared and preserved under extremely high vacuum, and the subsequent low temperature cycle, pulsed laser bombardment modification and reflectance spectrum measurement can be provided with space for upgrading, which is used for scientific research on the space weathering modification process of the lunar permanently shadowed region ice soil sample and the reflectance spectrum modification effect.

[0012] Optionally, the outer surface of the box body and the inner and outer surfaces of the test cabin are coated with a light-absorbing layer, which can realize light absorption and facilitate the measurement of the reflectance spectrum characteristics of the sample in the simulated extraterrestrial body surface layer vacuum and ultra-low temperature environment. The ground can be used to carry out extraterrestrial body surface layer ultra-low temperature environment simulation test, in-situ test and reflectance spectrum test to obtain first-hand data and support the detection mission.

[0013] Optionally, the moving platform comprises an X-axis driving mechanism, a Y-axis driving mechanism arranged on the X-axis driving mechanism, a Z-axis driving mechanism arranged on the Y-axis driving mechanism, and a sample table arranged on the Z-axis driving mechanism, and the sample is arranged on the sample table. The sample can be controlled to move in the X direction, the Y direction and the Z direction, which facilitates precise positioning of low-temperature tests on samples of different sizes.

[0014] Optionally, an adiabatic block is arranged between the sample table and the Z-axis driving mechanism to avoid temperature conduction from below and reduce temperature loss during cooling, so that the cooling efficiency of the refrigeration system on the sample table is higher; a cold guide table is fixedly arranged on the sample table, and the sample is arranged at the cold guide table. The cold guide table can be connected with the refrigeration system to facilitate the creation of a required ultra-low temperature environment, and the sample table can be cooled to a required temperature for simulating an extraterrestrial body surface layer ultra-low temperature environment; a temperature sensor is arranged on one side of the sample, which can monitor the temperature value at this position in real time, transmit the detected temperature value to the control system, and display the temperature value on the operation panel. The operator can control the refrigeration system according to the real-time displayed temperature value, so that the sample table reaches the set low temperature value, and the extraterrestrial body surface layer ultra-low temperature environment can be accurately simulated.

[0015] Optionally, the refrigeration system comprises a cold shield assembly, a refrigerator and a water chiller, the water chiller is communicated with the refrigerator through a first water inlet pipe and a second water outlet pipe, the refrigerator is communicated with the cold shield assembly through a second water inlet pipe and a second water outlet pipe, and through two-stage refrigeration, an ultralow-temperature environment simulation at a sample position can be realized, the cold shield assembly is connected with one of flange interfaces of the test cabin, and a cold head of the cold shield assembly is located in the test cabin, so that the sample position can be cooled to a set temperature, and an ultralow-temperature environment of an extraterrestrial body surface layer can be simulated.

[0016] Optionally, the vacuum system comprises a vacuum cavity fixedly arranged in the box body, one end of the vacuum cavity is communicated with the bottom of the test cabin through a hose, and the vacuum cavity is connected with a molecular pump and a vacuum pump through pipelines provided with valves; after the molecular pump and the vacuum pump are started, the test cabin can be vacuumized, so that an extraterrestrial body surface layer vacuum environment can be simulated.

[0017] Optionally, the vacuum cavity comprises a first vacuum cavity and a second vacuum cavity, one end of the first vacuum cavity is communicated with the bottom of the test cabin through a hose, and the first vacuum cavity is connected with a molecular pump, a vacuum pump and the second vacuum cavity through pipelines provided with valves; the molecular pump and the vacuum pump can vacuumize the test cabin, the second vacuum cavity is reserved with an upgrading space, and an ion pump can be connected outside; after the molecular pump, the vacuum pump and the ion pump are started, the test cabin can be vacuumized more quickly, the vacuum degree is lower, and various extraterrestrial body surface layer vacuum environments can be simulated.

[0018] Optionally, the cold head is connected with the cold lead platform through a cold head connecting plate, the cold head connecting plate is made of cold lead oxygen-free copper strips, the sample platform can be cooled to a set temperature, and an ultralow-temperature environment of an extraterrestrial body surface layer can be simulated.

[0019] The present application has the following technical effects compared with the prior art:

[0020] The test cabin is externally connected with a refrigerating machine and a water cooling machine, and the two refrigerating systems can work cooperatively or one is used and one is reserved, so that the test cabin can be cooled to a lower temperature, the super low temperature environment of the surface layer of the extraterrestrial celestial body is simulated, the two refrigerating systems can be used and reserved, so that the maintenance and replacement are facilitated, at least one refrigerating system is in working state at all times, and a stable super low temperature environment can be provided for a long time; the multiple vacuum pumps are used in cooperation, a lower vacuum degree can be realized, the application range is wider, and the vacuum environment of the surface layer of the extraterrestrial celestial body under different vacuum degrees can be simulated; the light absorption material is coated outside the test cabin, the light absorption is realized, the reflection spectrum characteristics of the sample in the super low temperature environment of the surface layer of the extraterrestrial celestial body are measured after the stray light is filtered, the universal flange interface can be used as the interface of the external in-situ analysis tester, different in-situ testers can be externally connected, and the in-situ test and the reflection spectrum test under the extremely low temperature condition are realized. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative effort on the basis of these drawings.

[0022] Figure 1 It is a partial cross-sectional view of the super low temperature environment simulation device for the surface layer of the extraterrestrial celestial body according to the present application.

[0023] Figure 2 It is another partial cross-sectional view of the super low temperature environment simulation device for the surface layer of the extraterrestrial celestial body according to the present application.

[0024] Figure 3 It is a top view of the super low temperature environment simulation device for the surface layer of the extraterrestrial celestial body according to the present application.

[0025] Figure 4 It is a schematic view of the refrigerating system of the super low temperature environment simulation device for the surface layer of the extraterrestrial celestial body according to the present application.

[0026] Figure 5 It is a schematic view of the pipe connection of the super low temperature environment simulation device for the surface layer of the extraterrestrial celestial body according to the present application.

[0027] Figure 6 It is a schematic view of the pipe connection of the super low temperature environment simulation device for the surface layer of the extraterrestrial celestial body according to the present application.

[0028] Figure 7 It is a schematic view of the temperature and time of the sample stage cooling process according to the present application.

[0029] In the figure: 1-box, 2-test cabin, 3-external flange, 4-flange interface, 5-vacuum cavity, 501-first vacuum cavity, 502-second vacuum cavity, 6-hose, 7-vacuum pneumatic plug valve, 8-molecular pump, 9-vacuum pump, 10-cold screen mounting flange, 11-cold head connecting plate, 12-water cooling machine, 13-refrigerator, 14-first water outlet pipe, 15-first water inlet pipe, 16-second water outlet pipe, 17-second water inlet pipe, 18-cold screen assembly, 19-moving platform, 20-cold lead table, 21-thermal insulation block, 22-sample, 23-ion pump. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0031] The purpose of the present application is to provide an extraterrestrial surface layer ultra-low temperature environment simulation device to solve the problems existing in the prior art, which can realize the simulation of the extraterrestrial surface layer ultra-low temperature environment, and has in-situ testing and reflection spectrum testing conditions under extremely low temperature conditions to meet the needs of the research on the extraterrestrial surface layer environment under ultra-low temperature.

[0032] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0033] As Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5As shown, the present application provides an extraterrestrial body surface layer ultra-low temperature environment simulation device, which comprises a box body 1, the bottom of the box body 1 is provided with universal wheels, which is convenient to move, the top of the box body 1 is provided with a test cabin 2, the test cabin 2 can be independently fixed on the top of the box body 1, or the bottom of the test cabin 2 can be communicated with the inside of the box body 1, the box body 1 and the test cabin 2 are both sealed structures, the control panel is arranged on the outer wall of the box body 1, and the control system is arranged in the box body 1, so that the vacuum degree and the low temperature value range in the test cabin 2 can be controlled by operation, and the temperature and pressure values in the test cabin 2 can be displayed in real time, which is convenient to control, so as to accurately simulate the ultra-low temperature environment of the extraterrestrial body surface layer; the moving platform in the test cabin 2 can also be controlled and moved to the specified position in the test cabin 2, so as to facilitate different in-situ tests with the external in-situ instrument; the flange interface at the top of the test cabin 2 is an observation window, and the flange interfaces at other preferred positions of the test cabin 2 can also be used as observation windows, and six flange interfaces 4 are arranged on the side wall of the test cabin 2, one of which is used for connecting a refrigeration system, so as to refrigerate the sample table in the test cabin 2 to a set temperature, and the other flange interface arranged symmetrically with it is provided with a mask, which is used as a spare flange interface for connecting the refrigeration system, so that two refrigeration systems can be used alternately, which is convenient to maintain and replace, so that at least one refrigeration system is in working condition at all times, so that a stable ultra-low temperature environment can be provided for a long time, when the two refrigeration systems are used at the same time, the test cabin can reach a lower temperature, so as to simulate the ultra-low temperature environment of the extraterrestrial body surface layer; and the remaining four flange interfaces 4 are all general flange interfaces, which have universality and can be used as interfaces of the external in-situ analysis test instrument, so as to connect different in-situ test instruments, and the general high-vacuum interfaces can also be replaced according to needs to match the probes of the corresponding external equipment. 5 Pa -6 Pa, which is convenient to simulate the vacuum environment of the extraterrestrial body surface layer; in order to carry out the test more conveniently, the present application is provided with a moving platform 19 in the test cabin 2, which can drive the sample 22 in the test cabin 2 to move to the specified position in the test cabin 2 along the three-dimensional direction, and cooperate with the in-situ analysis test instrument connected with the general flange interface, so as to realize various in-situ tests.

[0034] When the present application is used, the sample 22 is placed in the test cabin 2, and the position thereof is adjusted to the required position for test, then the test cabin 2 is vacuumized and treated at low temperature according to needs, so as to simulate the vacuum environment and the ultra-low temperature environment of the extraterrestrial body surface layer for test.

[0035] The test cabin 2 is a cylindrical structure, and the bottom thereof is fixedly and sealingly arranged on the top of the box body 1, and the inside of the test cabin 2 is not communicated with the inside of the box body 1 in the embodiment, the bottom of the test cabin 2 is communicated with the vacuum system in the box body 1, so that the test cabin 2 can be quickly vacuumized, and thus the vacuum environment of the surface layer of the extraterrestrial body can be simulated; in an optional scheme, the top of the test cabin 2 is provided with a sealingly arranged external flange 3, which is used as an observation window, and the state and physical property changes of the sample in the test cabin 2 can be observed and data can be collected in real time through external detection devices, so that the sample test data collection under the simulated ultralow-temperature environment of the surface layer of the extraterrestrial body is comprehensive and accurate. The outer surface of the box body 1 and the inner and outer surfaces of the test cabin 2 are coated with a light-absorbing layer, which can realize light absorption, facilitate the later reflection spectrum characteristic test of the sample under the vacuum low-temperature environment, and thus realize the spectrum ground verification under the ultralow-temperature environment of the extraterrestrial body, so that the first-hand data can be obtained in the ground simulation, and the detection task can be supported.

[0036] In order to facilitate the movement of the sample 22, the movement platform 19 is provided with an X-axis driving mechanism, a Y-axis driving mechanism arranged on the X-axis driving mechanism, a Z-axis driving mechanism arranged on the Y-axis driving mechanism, and a sample table arranged on the Z-axis driving mechanism, and the sample 22 is arranged on the sample table, so that the movement of the sample 22 in the X direction, the Y direction and the Z direction can be controlled, and different samples 22 can be tested under the simulated ultralow-temperature environment of the extraterrestrial body. The X-axis driving mechanism, the Y-axis driving mechanism and the Z-axis driving mechanism can adopt existing driving modes, for example, a screw nut mechanism or a cylinder structure, or a guide rail slider and a driving motor structure, which can realize the movement of the sample 22 in three directions.

[0037] In order to improve the refrigeration effect, the adiabatic block 21 is arranged between the sample table and the Z-axis driving mechanism, so as to avoid temperature conduction with the lower part and reduce the temperature loss in the cooling process, so that the cooling efficiency of the refrigeration system on the sample table is higher; the refrigeration is only maintained at the sample table, the refrigeration area is reduced, and the refrigeration efficiency is improved; the cold guide table 20 is fixedly arranged on the sample table, and the sample 22 is arranged at the cold guide table 20; the cold guide table 20 can be connected with the refrigeration system, and the cold guide table 20 can quickly conduct the low temperature of the refrigeration system to the sample table, so as to quickly create the ultralow temperature required for simulating the ultralow-temperature environment of the surface layer of the extraterrestrial body; the temperature sensor is arranged on one side of the sample 22, which can monitor the temperature value at this position in real time, and transmit the detected temperature value to the control system and display it on the control panel, so that the operator can control the refrigeration system according to the real-time displayed temperature value, so that the sample table reaches the set low temperature value.

[0038] Further preferably, the refrigeration system in the embodiment comprises the cold shield assembly 18, the refrigerator 13 and the water chiller 12, the water chiller 12 is communicated with the refrigerator 13 through the first water inlet pipe 15 and the first water outlet pipe 14, the refrigerator 13 is communicated with the cold shield assembly 18 through the second water inlet pipe 17 and the second water outlet pipe 16, the outer wall of one end of the cold shield assembly 18 is fixedly provided with a cold shield mounting flange, the end of the cold shield assembly 18 with the cold head is inserted into one of the flange interfaces 4 of the test cabin 2, and then the end of the cold shield assembly 18 away from the cold head is sealingly and fixedly connected with the flange interface 4 through the cold shield mounting flange 10, the cold head is connected with the cold lead platform 20 through the cold head connecting plate 11, and the cold head connecting plate 11 is made of cold lead oxygen-free copper strip.

[0039] When the refrigeration system works, the water chiller 12 first performs preliminary cooling and refrigeration on water, the cooled water enters the refrigerator 13 and exchanges heat with the medium in the refrigerator 13 to cool the medium, and at the same time, the refrigerator 13 synchronously cools the medium, the medium cooled twice through the pipeline enters the cold shield assembly 18 to perform refrigeration, the cold head of the cold shield assembly 18 is connected with the cold lead platform 20 through the cold head connecting plate 11 to directly cool the sample platform, so that the refrigeration temperature is lower, the super-low temperature environment simulation of the surface layer of the extraterrestrial body is realized, and the temperature can reach 20-rt, the cold head conducts low-temperature conduction to the cold lead platform 20 through the cold lead oxygen-free copper strip, the cold lead oxygen-free copper strip can quickly transfer heat, which is beneficial to improving the heat dissipation performance of the equipment, so that the test cabin can be more quickly cooled to the set temperature, and then the super-low temperature environment of the surface layer of the extraterrestrial body is simulated; the two-stage refrigeration of the refrigerator 13 and the water chiller 12 can realize the super-low temperature environment simulation of the sample 22, and is closer to the super-low temperature environment of the surface layer of the extraterrestrial body, the cold shield assembly 18 is connected with one of the flange interfaces 4 of the test cabin 2, and the cold head of the cold shield assembly 18 is located in the test cabin 2 to cool the sample platform. Figure 7 It can be known that the refrigeration system can be used in two sets, and the sample platform can be cooled from room temperature to 20K within two hours, which is beneficial to guaranteeing the frozen state of the sample surface layer liquid vitrification and avoiding the substantial influence of crystalline water on the space weathering modification process of the mineral structure of the extraterrestrial sample surface layer.

[0040] In order to make the vacuum degree higher, the vacuum system in the embodiment comprises the vacuum cavity 5 fixedly arranged in the box body 1, one end of the vacuum cavity 5 is communicated with the bottom of the test cabin 2 located at the bottom position of the moving platform 19 through the hose 6, the vacuum cavity 5 is connected with the vacuum pump 9 through the pipeline with the valve, the vacuum cavity 5 is connected with the molecular pump 8 through the pipeline with the vacuum pneumatic plug valve 7, the molecular pump 8 and the vacuum pump 9 are started, and the two can cooperate to perform vacuumization on the vacuum cavity 5 to 10 -3 Pa, and then the test cabin 2 communicated with the vacuum cavity 5 is vacuumized to the set pressure, so as to simulate the vacuum environment of the surface layer of the extraterrestrial body.

[0041] In another embodiment, as shown in Figure 6 In order to simulate the ultra-high vacuum environment of the surface layer of extraterrestrial bodies, the vacuum degree can reach 10 -6 Pa, therefore the vacuum cavity 5 is uniquely divided into a first vacuum cavity 501 and a second vacuum cavity 502, one end of the first vacuum cavity 501 is communicated with the bottom of the test cabin 2 through a hose 6; the first vacuum cavity 501 is connected with a molecular pump 8, a vacuum pump 9 and the second vacuum cavity 502 through pipelines with valves respectively, the second vacuum cavity 502 is connected with an ion pump 23, through the cooperation of the molecular pump 8, the vacuum pump 9 and the ion pump 23, two vacuum cavities are synchronously pumped, both of which are communicated with the test cabin 2, thereby improving the vacuum degree of the test cabin 2, the ultra-high vacuum environment of the surface layer of extraterrestrial bodies can be simulated, and the in-situ test and reflection spectrum test conditions under the condition of extremely low temperature are provided, which is convenient for realizing the spectrum ground verification.

[0042] The principles and implementation manners of the present application are described by applying specific examples in the present application, the above embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method of the present application and its core idea; meanwhile, for the general skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present application, the specific implementation manners and application ranges will be changed. In conclusion, the content of the present application should not be understood as the limitation of the present application.

Claims

1. An ultra-low temperature environment simulation device for a surface layer of an extraterrestrial body, characterized by, The application relates to a simulation device for simulating the surface layer of an extraterrestrial body, which comprises the following parts: a box body; a test cabin fixedly arranged on the top of the box body, wherein a plurality of flange interfaces are arranged on the test cabin, one of the flange interfaces is used for connecting a refrigeration system, a cover plate is arranged at another flange interface as a reserved external refrigeration system interface, and the other flange interfaces are general flange interfaces as spare interfaces of visual windows or external in-situ analysis test instruments; a moving platform arranged in the test cabin, which can drive a sample in the test cabin to move to a specified position in the test cabin along three-dimensional directions; a refrigeration system which is communicated with the test cabin through one of the flange interfaces of the test cabin or the reserved external refrigeration system interface, and can refrigerate a sample stage in the test cabin to a temperature between room temperature and 20K to simulate the ultralow-temperature environment of the surface layer of an extraterrestrial body; A vacuum system is arranged in the box for vacuumizing the test cabin to 10 5 Pa~10 -6 Pa to simulate the vacuum environment of the surface layer of extraterrestrial bodies. the vacuum system comprises a vacuum cavity fixedly arranged in the box body, one end of the vacuum cavity is communicated with the bottom of the test cabin through a hose, the vacuum cavity is connected with a molecular pump and a vacuum pump through pipelines provided with valves, the test cabin can be vacuumized to simulate the vacuum environment of the surface layer of an extraterrestrial body, the vacuum cavity comprises a first vacuum cavity and a second vacuum cavity, one end of the first vacuum cavity is communicated with the bottom of the test cabin through a hose, the first vacuum cavity is connected with a molecular pump, a vacuum pump and the second vacuum cavity through pipelines provided with valves, the second vacuum cavity reserves upgrading space and can be externally connected with an ion pump to vacuumize the test cabin to simulate the vacuum environment of the surface layer of an extraterrestrial body.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The test cabin has a cylindrical structure and is provided with an observation window for real-time observation and data collection of the state and physical property changes of a sample in the ultralow-temperature environment of the surface layer of an extraterrestrial body, six sealable flange interfaces are arranged on the side wall of the test cabin, two of the flange interfaces are used for externally connecting refrigeration systems, and the other four flange interfaces are general flange interfaces which can be externally connected with in-situ analysis test instruments.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The inner and outer surfaces of the box body and the test cabin are coated with light-absorbing layers to absorb stray light for reflection spectrum test.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The moving platform comprises an X-axis driving mechanism, a Y-axis driving mechanism arranged on the X-axis driving mechanism, a Z-axis driving mechanism arranged on the Y-axis driving mechanism, and a sample stage arranged on the Z-axis driving mechanism, and a sample is arranged on the sample stage.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein, An adiabatic block is arranged between the sample stage and the Z-axis driving mechanism to avoid temperature transmission between the sample stage and the Z-axis driving mechanism, a cold guide table is fixedly arranged on the sample stage, the sample is arranged on the cold guide table, the cold guide table is connected with the refrigeration system to cool the sample stage to a required temperature of the ultralow-temperature environment of the surface layer of an extraterrestrial body, and a temperature sensor is arranged on one side of the sample to detect the temperature value of the sample stage.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein, The refrigeration system comprises a cold shield assembly, a refrigerator and a water chiller, the water chiller is communicated with the refrigerator through a first water inlet pipe and a second water outlet pipe, the refrigerator is communicated with the cold shield assembly through a second water inlet pipe and a second water outlet pipe, the cold shield assembly is connected with one flange interface of the test cabin, and a cold head of the cold shield assembly is located in the test cabin, which can refrigerate the sample table to a set temperature, and is used for simulating the ultra-low temperature environment of the surface layer of the extraterrestrial body.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein, The cold head is connected with the cold lead table through a cold head connecting plate, the cold head connecting plate is made of cold lead oxygen-free copper belt, and the sample table can be cooled to a set temperature, thereby simulating the ultra-low temperature environment of the surface layer of the extraterrestrial body.

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