Repair method for alpine meadow degradation

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for repairing alpine meadow degradation, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: 1, comprehensively investigating and evaluating the degraded alpine meadow, and determining the vegetation type, species composition, soil condition, water source condition and degradation reason of the meadow; 2, fences are arranged in the degradation areas for sealing breeding, and the sealing breeding time is determined according to the degradation degree of the meadow, so that man-made interference and livestock trampling are reduced, and natural recovery of the meadow is promoted; and step 3, selecting local excellent grass seeds suitable for local climate and soil conditions for reseeding. The invention relates to the technical field of alpine meadow degradation restoration. According to the alpine meadow degeneration repairing method, through the measures of reseeding excellent grass seeds suitable for the local place, strengthening prevention and control of foreign species, adjusting grazing strategies and the like, the number of plant species of the meadow can be increased, species diversity is enriched, and a more suitable living environment is provided for various organisms.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of alpine meadow degradation restoration, and in particular to a method for restoring alpine meadow degradation. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous expansion of human activities and the impact of climate change, alpine meadows are facing increasingly serious degradation problems. As a unique ecosystem, alpine meadows have important ecological functions and values. They not only provide habitats for many rare animals and plants, but also play a key role in water conservation, soil conservation, and climate regulation. However, in recent years, human activities such as overgrazing, unreasonable tourism development, and illegal mining, as well as natural factors such as climate warming and precipitation changes, have caused alpine meadows to degrade to varying degrees. Vegetation coverage has decreased, meadows have become sparse, high-quality forage has decreased, and poisonous weeds have increased; species diversity has declined, some rare species are facing survival crises, soil fertility has decreased, soil structure has been destroyed, soil erosion has intensified, water source conditions have also been affected, flow has decreased, and water quality has deteriorated. Therefore, developing a more effective method for restoring alpine meadow degradation is of great practical significance for protecting alpine meadow ecosystems, maintaining ecological balance, and promoting regional sustainable development. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A method for repairing alpine meadow degradation, characterized in that it includes the following steps:

[0004] Step 1: Conduct a comprehensive survey and assessment of degraded alpine meadows to determine their vegetation types, species composition, soil conditions, water resources, and causes of degradation;

[0005] Step 2: Fence the degraded area for enclosure. The enclosure duration will be determined based on the degree of meadow degradation to reduce human interference and livestock trampling, and promote natural recovery of the meadow.

[0006] Step 3: Select local high-quality grass seeds suitable for local climate and soil conditions for reseeding. Treat the seeds before reseeding to improve the germination rate. Manual broadcasting or mechanical sowing can be used, and the sowing density should be controlled appropriately.

[0007] Step 4: Improve the soil of degraded meadows with poor soil by applying organic fertilizers and humus to improve soil structure and fertility. At the same time, take water conservation measures such as covering with water-retaining agents and laying straw mats to reduce water evaporation and increase soil moisture.

[0008] Step 5. Conduct regular ecological monitoring during the restoration process. The monitoring content includes vegetation coverage, species diversity, soil fertility, water source conditions, etc., so as to timely understand the restoration effect and adjust the restoration measures.

[0009] Preferably, the local high-quality grass species in step 3 include any one or more of Kobresia alpina, Kobresia dwarfa, and Fescue.

[0010] Preferably, the specific method for treating the seeds before reseeding in step 3 is as follows:

[0011] S1. Seed cleaning: First, clean the seeds to remove impurities, broken seeds, and unfilled seeds. Removing impurities can reduce the risk of pests and diseases caused by poor quality seeds or impurities after sowing. At the same time, full seeds generally have higher vitality and germination potential.

[0012] S2. Disinfection: Disinfection of the selected seeds to kill any pathogens and insect eggs they may carry;

[0013] S3, seed soaking treatment, which allows the seeds to absorb enough water, break the dormancy of the seeds, and increase the germination rate;

[0014] S4. Germination treatment: Wrap the soaked seeds with a wet cloth and place them in a warm, well-ventilated place. Keep the wet cloth moist and observe the germination of the seeds every day. When the seeds begin to turn white, they can be sown.

[0015] S5. Seed coating: A coating containing nutrients, fungicides, growth regulators, and other ingredients is applied to the seed surface. This coating protects the seeds from pests and diseases, provides nutrients for germination, and promotes germination and seedling growth. Seed coating can be done mechanically or manually to ensure uniformity.

[0016] Preferably, in S1, seeds with full grains, health and no diseases can be left by air separation or screening.

[0017] Preferably, in S2, the seeds are soaked in hot water at 50° C. for half an hour and then rapidly cooled to kill some pathogens and insect eggs and stimulate germination of the seeds.

[0018] Preferably, in S3, the seeds are soaked in clean water for 5-24 hours, and the water is changed every 32 hours during the soaking process to keep the water clean.

[0019] Preferably, the regular ecological monitoring and adjustment and restoration measures in step 5 are specifically as follows:

[0020] Regular ecological monitoring:

[0021] A. Vegetation coverage monitoring;

[0022] a1. Use remote sensing technology to regularly acquire image data of alpine meadow areas and use image analysis software to calculate changes in meadow vegetation coverage over different time periods.

[0023] a2. Field sampling survey: set up multiple fixed sample plots in the meadow, regularly measure the vegetation coverage area in the sample plots, and calculate the vegetation coverage;

[0024] B. Species diversity monitoring;

[0025] b1. Conduct a survey and statistics of plant species within the sample plot, and record information such as the types, numbers, and distribution of different species;

[0026] b2. Calculate indicators such as species richness index, diversity index, and evenness index to assess the species diversity of the meadow;

[0027] C. Soil fertility monitoring;

[0028] c1. Collect soil samples and analyze the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil;

[0029] c2. Regularly test the changes in soil fertility indicators to understand the dynamic changes in soil fertility;

[0030] D. Water source condition monitoring;

[0031] d1. Monitor the water source flow and water level changes in the meadow area. Set up water level monitoring points and record water level data regularly.

[0032] d2. Analyze the water quality of the source water, test the dissolved oxygen, pH, heavy metal content, nutrient content and other indicators in the water to ensure the quality of the source water;

[0033] Adjustment and repair measures:

[0034] A. Adjust according to vegetation coverage monitoring results;

[0035] a1. If vegetation coverage increases slowly or stagnates, the reasons may be that the grass seeds are not adapted to the new growth, the sowing density is unreasonable, or the soil conditions are poor.

[0036] a2. If it is found that the vegetation coverage in some areas is significantly lower than that in other areas, secondary reseeding or strengthened management and maintenance can be carried out in a targeted manner;

[0037] B. Adjustment based on species diversity monitoring results;

[0038] b1. If species diversity declines, we should strengthen the prevention and control of alien species, adjust grazing intensity and methods, and protect the living environment of native species;

[0039] b2. If the number of certain species is found to be declining sharply, protective measures should be taken, such as establishing protected areas and conducting artificial breeding;

[0040] C. Adjust according to soil fertility monitoring results;

[0041] c1. If the soil fertility is insufficient, increase the amount of organic fertilizer and humus soil applied, and adjust the type and time of fertilization;

[0042] c2. If the soil pH is not suitable for the growth of certain grass species, the soil pH can be adjusted, such as by applying lime, sulfur and other amendments;

[0043] D. Adjust according to the monitoring results of water source conditions;

[0044] d1. If the water source flow decreases or the water level drops, check the environment around the water source and take appropriate soil and water conservation measures to protect the water source;

[0045] d2. If the water quality deteriorates, the source of pollution should be identified and control measures should be taken.

[0046] The present invention provides a method for repairing alpine meadow degradation, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0047] This method of restoring alpine meadow degradation helps increase the number of plant species in the meadow, enrich species diversity, and provide a more suitable living environment for various organisms by reseeding local high-quality grass species, strengthening the prevention and control of alien species, and adjusting grazing strategies. Soil improvement measures such as applying organic fertilizers and humus and adopting reasonable soil improvement methods can increase soil fertility, improve soil structure, enhance soil water and fertilizer retention capacity, reduce soil erosion, and promote plant growth. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] In an embodiment, the present invention provides a technical solution: a method for repairing alpine meadow degradation, characterized in that it includes the following steps:

[0050] Step 1: Conduct a comprehensive survey and assessment of degraded alpine meadows to determine their vegetation types, species composition, soil conditions, water resources, and causes of degradation;

[0051] Step 2: Fence the degraded area for enclosure. The enclosure duration will be determined based on the degree of meadow degradation to reduce human interference and livestock trampling, and promote natural recovery of the meadow.

[0052] Step 3: Select local high-quality grass species suitable for local climate and soil conditions for reseeding. Treat the seeds before reseeding to improve the germination rate. Manual broadcasting or mechanical sowing can be used, and the sowing density should be controlled appropriately. Local high-quality grass species include any one or more of alpine kobresia, dwarf kobresia, and fescue. The specific method for treating the seeds before reseeding is as follows:

[0053] S1. Seed cleaning: First, clean the seeds to remove impurities, broken seeds, and unfilled seeds. Removing impurities can reduce the risk of pests and diseases caused by poor quality seeds or impurities after sowing. At the same time, full seeds generally have higher vitality and germination potential.

[0054] S2. Disinfection: The selected seeds are disinfected to kill possible pathogens and insect eggs. The seeds are soaked in 50°C hot water for half an hour and then quickly cooled to kill some pathogens and insect eggs and stimulate seed germination.

[0055] S3, soaking the seeds. Soaking the seeds can make the seeds absorb enough water, break the dormancy of the seeds, and improve the germination rate. Soak the seeds in clean water for 5-24 hours. Change the water every 32 hours during the soaking process to keep the water clean.

[0056] S4. Germination treatment: Wrap the soaked seeds with a wet cloth and place them in a warm, well-ventilated place. Keep the wet cloth moist and observe the germination of the seeds every day. When the seeds begin to turn white, they can be sown.

[0057] S5. Seed coating: A coating containing nutrients, fungicides, growth regulators, and other ingredients is applied to the surface of the seeds. This coating protects the seeds from pests and diseases, provides nutrients for germination, and promotes seed germination and seedling growth. Seed coating can be done mechanically or manually to ensure uniform coating.

[0058] Step 4: Improve the soil of degraded meadows with poor soil by applying organic fertilizers and humus to improve soil structure and fertility. At the same time, take water conservation measures such as covering with water-retaining agents and laying straw mats to reduce water evaporation and increase soil moisture.

[0059] Step 5: Conduct regular ecological monitoring during the restoration process. Monitoring content includes vegetation coverage, species diversity, soil fertility, water source conditions, etc., so as to timely understand the restoration effect and adjust restoration measures. The details of regular ecological monitoring and adjustment of restoration measures are as follows:

[0060] Regular ecological monitoring:

[0061] A. Vegetation coverage monitoring;

[0062] a1. Use remote sensing technology to regularly acquire image data of alpine meadow areas and use image analysis software to calculate changes in meadow vegetation coverage over different time periods.

[0063] a2. Field sampling survey: set up multiple fixed sample plots in the meadow, regularly measure the vegetation coverage area in the sample plots, and calculate the vegetation coverage;

[0064] B. Species diversity monitoring;

[0065] b1. Conduct a survey and statistics of plant species within the sample plot, and record information such as the types, numbers, and distribution of different species;

[0066] b2. Calculate indicators such as species richness index, diversity index, and evenness index to assess the species diversity of the meadow;

[0067] C. Soil fertility monitoring;

[0068] c1. Collect soil samples and analyze the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil;

[0069] c2. Regularly test the changes in soil fertility indicators to understand the dynamic changes in soil fertility;

[0070] D. Water source condition monitoring;

[0071] d1. Monitor the water source flow and water level changes in the meadow area. Set up water level monitoring points and record water level data regularly.

[0072] d2. Analyze the water quality of the source water, test the dissolved oxygen, pH, heavy metal content, nutrient content and other indicators in the water to ensure the quality of the source water;

[0073] Adjustment and repair measures:

[0074] A. Adjust according to vegetation coverage monitoring results;

[0075] a1. If vegetation coverage increases slowly or stagnates, the reasons may be that the grass seeds are not adapted to the new growth, the sowing density is unreasonable, or the soil conditions are poor.

[0076] a2. If it is found that the vegetation coverage in some areas is significantly lower than that in other areas, secondary reseeding or strengthened management and maintenance can be carried out in a targeted manner;

[0077] B. Adjustment based on species diversity monitoring results;

[0078] b1. If species diversity declines, we should strengthen the prevention and control of alien species, adjust grazing intensity and methods, and protect the living environment of native species;

[0079] b2. If the number of certain species is found to be decreasing sharply, protective measures should be taken, such as establishing protected areas and conducting artificial breeding.

[0080] C. Adjust according to soil fertility monitoring results;

[0081] c1. If the soil fertility is insufficient, increase the amount of organic fertilizer and humus soil applied, and adjust the type and time of fertilization.

[0082] c2. If the soil pH is not suitable for the growth of certain grass species, the soil pH can be adjusted, such as by applying lime, sulfur and other amendments;

[0083] D. Adjust according to the monitoring results of water source conditions;

[0084] d1. If the water source flow decreases or the water level drops, check the environment around the water source and take appropriate soil and water conservation measures to protect the water source;

[0085] d2. If the water quality deteriorates, the source of pollution should be identified and control measures should be taken.

[0086] Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field and related fields without making creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Structures, devices, and operating methods not specifically described and explained in the present invention shall be implemented in accordance with conventional means in the field unless otherwise specified or limited.

Claims

1. A method for repairing alpine meadow degradation, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Conduct a comprehensive survey and assessment of degraded alpine meadows to determine the vegetation type, species composition, soil conditions, water source conditions and causes of degradation; Step 2: Set up fences in the degraded areas for enclosure. The enclosure time is determined according to the degree of meadow degradation to reduce human interference and livestock trampling and promote the natural recovery of the meadow. Step 3: Select local excellent grass seeds suitable for local climate and soil conditions for reseeding. Treat the seeds before reseeding to improve the germination rate. Artificial broadcasting or mechanical sowing can be used, and the sowing density should be controlled appropriately; Step 4: Improve the soil of degraded meadows with poor soil by applying organic fertilizers and humus to improve soil structure and fertility, and take water conservation measures such as covering with water-retaining agents or laying straw mats; Step 5. Conduct regular ecological monitoring during the restoration process. The monitoring content should include vegetation coverage, species diversity, soil fertility, water source conditions, etc., so as to timely understand the restoration effect and adjust the restoration measures.

2. A method for repairing alpine meadow degradation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The local high-quality grass species in step 3 include any one or more of Kobresia alpina, Kobresia dwarfis, and Fescue.

3. The method for repairing alpine meadow degradation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific method for treating the seeds before reseeding in step 3 is as follows: S1. Seed cleaning: first, the seeds are cleaned to remove impurities, broken and incomplete seeds; S2, disinfection treatment, disinfecting the selected seeds to kill possible pathogens and insect eggs; S3, seed soaking treatment, seed soaking can make the seeds absorb enough water, break the dormancy of the seeds, and increase the germination rate; S4, germination treatment, wrap the soaked seeds with wet cloth, place them in a warm and well-ventilated place, keep the wet cloth moist, observe the germination of the seeds every day, and sow them when the seeds begin to turn white; S5. Seed coating: a layer of coating agent containing nutrients, fungicides, growth regulators and other ingredients is coated on the surface of the seeds.

4. A method for repairing alpine meadow degradation according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the S1, seeds with full grains, health and no diseases can be left by air selection or screening.

5. The method for repairing alpine meadow degradation according to claim 3, characterized in that: In S2, the seeds are soaked in hot water at 50° C. for half an hour and then rapidly cooled to kill some germs and insect eggs and stimulate germination of the seeds.

6. The method for repairing alpine meadow degradation according to claim 3, characterized in that: In S3, the seeds are soaked in clean water for 5-24 hours, and the water is changed every 3 hours during the soaking process to keep the water clean.

7. The method for repairing alpine meadow degradation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific regular ecological monitoring and adjustment and restoration measures in step 5 are as follows: Regular ecological monitoring: A. Vegetation coverage monitoring; a1. Use remote sensing technology to regularly obtain image data of alpine meadow areas, and use image analysis software to calculate the changes in vegetation coverage of meadows in different time periods; a2. Field sampling survey: set up multiple fixed sample plots in the meadow, regularly measure the vegetation coverage area in the sample plots, and calculate the vegetation coverage; B. Species diversity monitoring; b1. Conduct surveys and statistics on plant species in the sample plots, and record information on the types, quantities, and distribution of different species; b2. Calculate the species richness index, diversity index, evenness index and other indicators to evaluate the species diversity of the meadow; C. Soil fertility monitoring; c1. Collect soil samples and analyze the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil; c2. Regularly test the changes in soil fertility indicators to understand the dynamic changes in soil fertility; D. Monitoring of water source conditions; d1. Monitor the water source flow and water level changes in the meadow area. You can set up water level monitoring points and record water level data regularly. d2. Analyze the water quality of the water source, test the dissolved oxygen, pH, heavy metal content, nutrient content and other indicators in the water to ensure the quality of the water source; Adjustment and repair measures: A. Adjust according to the monitoring results of vegetation coverage; a1. If the vegetation coverage increases slowly or stagnates, the possible reasons may be that the grass seeds are not suitable for reseeding, the sowing density is unreasonable, the soil conditions are not good, etc. a2. If it is found that the vegetation coverage in some areas is significantly lower than that in other areas, secondary reseeding or strengthened management and maintenance can be carried out in a targeted manner; B. Adjust according to the results of species diversity monitoring; b1. If species diversity decreases, we should strengthen the prevention and control of alien species, adjust the intensity and method of grazing, and protect the living environment of local species; b2. If the number of certain species is found to be decreasing sharply, protective measures should be taken, such as establishing protected areas and carrying out artificial breeding; C. Adjust according to soil fertility monitoring results; c1. If the soil fertility is insufficient, increase the amount of organic fertilizer and humus soil, and adjust the type and time of fertilization; c2. If the soil pH is not suitable for the growth of certain grass species, the soil pH can be adjusted, such as applying lime, sulfur and other improvers; D. Adjust according to the monitoring results of water source conditions; d1. If the water source flow decreases or the water level drops, check the environment around the water source and take appropriate soil and water conservation measures to protect the water source; d2. If the water quality deteriorates, the source of pollution should be identified and control measures should be taken.