Wheel type shear rheological polishing device and polishing method

Abstract

The invention discloses a wheel type shear rheological polishing device and a polishing method. The polishing device comprises a rack, a moving module arranged on the rack, a workpiece clamping driving module and a polishing module. The moving module is used for controlling the workpiece to move in the X direction, the Y direction and the Z direction. The workpiece clamping driving module is used for clamping a workpiece to be machined and driving the workpiece to rotate; the polishing module comprises a polishing groove and a polishing wheel, the lower portion of the polishing wheel is located in the polishing groove, and a set of grooves are formed in the peripheral face of the polishing wheel in the circumferential direction at intervals. In the polishing process, polishing liquid can be brought up through rotation of the polishing wheel to make contact with a to-be-machined workpiece above the polishing wheel, meanwhile, the workpiece is subjected to shear thickening polishing through relative movement of the workpiece and the polishing liquid, and the polishing position of the workpiece can be adjusted and controlled through the moving module and the workpiece clamping and driving module; therefore, different positions of the workpiece are polished, the purpose of deterministic polishing is achieved, the polishing precision is high, and the surface quality is good.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ultra-precision polishing, and in particular to a wheel-type shear rheological polishing device and a polishing method. Background Art

[0002] In the fields of aerospace, optics, automobiles, medical equipment, etc., some complex curved surface workpieces are often used. Such workpieces cannot be surface treated by conventional methods due to their complex shapes and materials. Especially with the rapid development of modern science and technology, the requirements for the surface shape accuracy, surface roughness and sub-surface damage of these workpieces are getting higher and higher. This requires precise control of the processing process and main parameters during the processing to achieve deterministic processing of the workpiece.

[0003] Deterministic polishing technology can achieve quantitative and fixed-point removal of workpiece surface materials by controlling factors such as polishing rate, tilt angle, and magnetic field strength. It can achieve deterministic removal of materials and has been widely used in ultra-precision machining of large-scale complex curved workpieces. Nowadays, common deterministic polishing methods include airbag polishing, magnetorheological polishing, ion beam polishing, jet polishing, shear rheological polishing, etc., but the above polishing methods still have some limitations. ① The relative position accuracy between the airbag and the workpiece is difficult to maintain in airbag polishing. ② Magnetorheological polishing requires expensive equipment to apply a magnetic field. ③ Ion beam polishing has extremely demanding requirements for the vacuum environment. ④ There is agglomeration of abrasives in jet polishing. ⑤ Shear rheological polishing is a technology that uses the unique shear thickening characteristics of the polishing liquid medium to achieve complex surface polishing; during the shear rheological polishing process, when the shear strain rate applied to the polishing liquid exceeds the critical value, the rheological properties of the polishing liquid will change, and the viscosity will rise sharply and then turn into a flexible abrasive that can adapt to the polishing of various surfaces. Therefore, the shear stress between the polishing liquid and the polished surface can be adjusted by regulating the nonlinear rheological characteristics of the non-Newtonian fluid polishing liquid under the action of shear stress and the polishing liquid flow field parameters, so as to form a rheological layer that flexibly holds the abrasive particles on the polished surface to achieve material removal. However, the existing technical problem is that in the shear rheological polishing process of complex curved surface workpieces, the shear thickening polishing area formed between the workpiece and the polishing liquid is often a part of the polishing tank, and the polishing tank needs to be rotated to achieve the flow of the polishing liquid. In the processing of non-rotating and complex curved surface workpieces, it is difficult to use this polishing tank rotation method for polishing, and it is impossible to simultaneously ensure the polishing accuracy and surface quality. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a wheel-type shear rheological polishing device. The wheel-type shear rheological polishing device of the present invention can use the rotation of the polishing wheel to bring up the polishing liquid during polishing, and contact the workpiece to be processed above, and at the same time use the relative movement of the workpiece and the polishing liquid to apply shear force to the polishing liquid, so that it produces a shear thickening effect, forming a flexible "fixed abrasive tool" to remove the surface material of the workpiece, and can realize the polishing of non-rotating workpieces with complex shapes, with good versatility and high polishing efficiency; in addition, the polishing device of the present application is also provided with a moving module and a workpiece clamping drive module, which can continuously adjust the polishing position of the workpiece during the polishing process, so that the entire workpiece surface can be effectively polished, with high polishing accuracy and good surface quality. Correspondingly, the present application also provides a wheel-type shear rheological polishing method.

[0005] For the polishing device, the technical solution of this application is:

[0006] A wheel-type shear rheological polishing device comprises a frame; a moving module, a workpiece clamping drive module and a polishing module are arranged on the frame; the moving module comprises an X-axis drive mechanism, a Y-axis drive mechanism and a Z-axis drive mechanism, which are respectively used to control the movement of the workpiece in the X, Y and Z directions, so as to adjust the polishing position of the workpiece; the workpiece clamping drive module is arranged on the moving module, which comprises a rotating platform; a clamp is arranged on the rotating platform, which is used to clamp the workpiece to be processed; the rotating platform is connected to the A motor and can be rotated under the drive of the A motor; the clamp is connected to the B motor and can be rotated under the drive of the B motor; the polishing module comprises a polishing wheel arranged below the clamp; the lower part of the polishing wheel is located in the polishing groove; the polishing groove is used to contain the polishing liquid; the polishing wheel comprises a wheel body and a wheel axle; a group of grooves are arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the wheel body at intervals along the circumferential direction, which are used to form a space for the polishing liquid to adhere; the wheel axle is drivingly connected to the C motor.

[0007] Compared with the prior art, the wheel-type shear rheological polishing device of the present application includes a moving module, a workpiece clamping driving module and a polishing module; wherein the polishing module includes a polishing groove and a polishing wheel whose lower part is located in the polishing groove, and a group of grooves are provided on the outer peripheral surface of the polishing wheel, so that during the rotation of the polishing wheel, the polishing liquid can adhere to the surface of the polishing wheel to form a polishing liquid layer and rotate with the polishing wheel. During the polishing process, the lower part of the polishing wheel is immersed in the polishing liquid, and at this time, the polishing liquid can be brought up by the rotation of the polishing wheel to contact the workpiece to be processed above, and at the same time, the workpiece is driven to rotate by the workpiece clamping driving module, and relative motion is made with the polishing liquid, and shear force is applied to the polishing liquid, so that it produces a shear thickening effect, forming a flexible "fixed abrasive tool", and removing the material on the surface of the workpiece, with high polishing efficiency, and can realize the polishing of non-rotating workpieces with complex shapes, and has good versatility; in addition, the setting of the moving module and the workpiece clamping driving module can continuously adjust the polishing position of the workpiece during the polishing process, so that the entire workpiece surface can be effectively polished, with high polishing accuracy and good surface quality.

[0008] As an optimization, in the aforementioned wheel-type shear rheological polishing device, the groove is a trapezoidal groove that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom. At this time, the top opening of the groove is larger, and it is easier to bring up the polishing liquid in the polishing groove when the polishing wheel rotates.

[0009] As an optimization, in the aforementioned wheel-type shear rheological polishing device, a front support seat and a rear support seat are respectively provided on the frame, located at the front and rear sides of the polishing wheel; one end of the wheel axle of the polishing wheel is rotatably connected to the front support seat, and the other end is transmission-connected to the output shaft of the C motor; the C motor is installed in the rear support seat. By providing the front support seat and the rear support seat to support the polishing wheel and the C motor, shaking when the polishing wheel rotates can be avoided, thereby improving the stability of the polishing device during operation.

[0010] Furthermore, the wheel axle is a stepped axle structure and is connected to the wheel body by a key; after assembly, the front side of the wheel body abuts against the shoulder of the wheel axle. At this time, the wheel body can be limited by the key and the shoulder, so that the connection between the wheel body and the wheel axle is more secure.

[0011] Furthermore, the front support seat and the rear support seat are respectively provided with bearings, and the two ends of the wheel shaft are respectively inserted into the corresponding bearings; the wheel shaft is connected to the output shaft of the C motor through a coupling. The bearing can be used to reduce the friction coefficient during the rotation of the wheel shaft and ensure its normal working position, and it is easy to use and maintain and easy to replace; the setting of the coupling allows the wheel shaft and the output shaft of the C motor to rotate smoothly, ensuring the transmission performance, high rotation accuracy, and easy disassembly and assembly.

[0012] As an optimization, in the aforementioned wheel-type shear rheological polishing device, a circular arc baffle is provided on both sides of the polishing tank. The setting of the circular arc baffle can be used to block the polishing liquid, prevent the polishing liquid from splashing and causing environmental pollution, and can realize the recycling of the polishing liquid.

[0013] As an optimization, in the aforementioned wheel-type shear rheological polishing device, the X-axis drive mechanism includes two A screw modules arranged on the left and right sides of the polishing wheel; the Y-axis drive mechanism includes a gantry slidably connected to the two A screw modules, and a B screw module arranged on the top of the gantry; the Z-axis drive mechanism includes a C screw module slidably connected to the B screw module; the workpiece clamping drive module is slidably connected to the C screw module. In the present application, the position of the workpiece in the three directions of X, Y, and Z is changed by the screw module, the adjustment accuracy is high, and the space of the entire polishing device can be saved to the maximum extent, reducing the manufacturing cost.

[0014] Furthermore, the A screw rod module, the B screw rod module and the C screw rod module all include a base, a screw rod arranged on the base, and a D motor connected to the screw rod transmission; a slide plate is installed on the screw rod, and two sliders are respectively arranged on both sides of the bottom of the slide plate, and correspondingly, a slide rail is respectively arranged on both sides of the top of the base; the slider is slidably arranged on the slide rail. The screw rod module adopts the above structural design, with high linear transmission accuracy, good stability, strong structural reliability, and easy installation.

[0015] For the polishing method, the technical solution of this application is:

[0016] A wheel shear rheological polishing method, which is implemented by the aforementioned wheel shear rheological polishing device of the present application; specifically comprising the following steps: S1, mounting a workpiece to be processed on a fixture, and pouring a non-Newtonian fluid polishing liquid into a polishing tank, so that the lower part of the polishing wheel is immersed in the polishing liquid; S2, starting the C motor to drive the polishing wheel to rotate, and at the same time starting the B motor to drive the fixture to rotate, driving the workpiece to rotate, the rotation speed of the polishing wheel is 70-80rpm; the rotation speed of the workpiece is 10-30rpm; during the rotation of the polishing wheel, the polishing liquid will adhere to the surface of the polishing wheel to form a polishing liquid layer, and rotate synchronously with the polishing wheel; when the polishing liquid rotates to the top of the polishing wheel and contacts the workpiece, shear thickening phenomenon will occur, forming a flexible fixed abrasive tool to remove material from the surface of the workpiece; S3, controlling the workpiece to move in the three directions of X, Y, and Z through an X-axis drive mechanism, a Y-axis drive mechanism, and a Z-axis drive mechanism, and at the same time driving the rotating platform to rotate through the A motor to change the polishing angle of the workpiece, thereby continuously adjusting the polishing position of the workpiece to achieve polishing of the entire surface of the workpiece.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, when the wheel shear rheological polishing method of the present application is used to polish a workpiece, the polishing wheel is first driven to rotate to bring the polishing liquid in the polishing groove into contact with the workpiece above, and at the same time, the workpiece is driven to rotate to make relative movement with the polishing liquid layer attached to the polishing wheel, thereby applying shear force to the polishing liquid, so that the polishing liquid produces a shear thickening effect under the action of the shear force, forming a flexible "fixed abrasive tool" to remove material from the surface of the workpiece; then, the polishing position of the workpiece is adjusted by moving the module and the rotating platform, so that the entire workpiece surface can be effectively polished, thereby achieving efficient, high-precision, and high-quality polishing of the workpiece surface. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the wheel-type shear rheological polishing device of the present application;

[0019] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a workpiece drive clamping module in an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the mobile module in the embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the skateboard in the embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a polishing module in an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the assembly of the polishing wheel and the C motor in the embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 7 It is a polishing principle diagram of the wheel shear rheological polishing method of the present application.

[0025] The markings in the accompanying drawings are: 1-frame, 11-front support seat, 12-rear support seat; 2-moving module, 21-X-axis drive mechanism, 22-Y-axis drive mechanism, 221-gantry, 23-Z-axis drive mechanism, 24-base, 25-screw, 26-D motor, 27-slide plate, 28-slider, 29-slide rail; 3-workpiece clamping drive mechanism, 31-rotating platform, 32-clamp, 33-A motor, 34-B motor; 4-polishing module, 41-polishing wheel, 411-wheel body, 412-wheel axle, 413-groove, 42-polishing groove, 43-C motor, 44-bearing, 45-coupling, 46-arc baffle; 5-workpiece; 6-polishing liquid, 601-abrasive, 602-particle cluster. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0027] In order to overcome the problem that conventional shear rheological polishing devices in the prior art cannot simultaneously guarantee the polishing accuracy and surface quality when processing non-rotating workpieces with complex shapes, and it is difficult to achieve deterministic polishing. The present invention provides a wheel-type shear rheological polishing device, including a frame 1; the frame 1 is provided with a moving module 2, a workpiece clamping and driving module 3 and a polishing module 4. Among them, the polishing module 4 designs the position and structure of the polishing wheel 41 and the polishing groove 42 so that the polishing liquid can adhere to the surface of the polishing wheel 41 to form a polishing liquid layer during the rotation of the polishing wheel 41, and as the polishing wheel 41 rotates to the top, it contacts the workpiece 5. In this way, only the polishing wheel 41 and the workpiece 5 need to be rotated separately, and the shear thickening polishing of the non-rotating workpiece with complex shapes can be performed. At the same time, the polishing position of the workpiece 5 can be adjusted by the moving module 2 and the workpiece clamping and driving module 3, so that the polishing of different positions of the workpiece 5 can be achieved, and the purpose of deterministic polishing is achieved. The details are as follows.

[0028] Example (see Figure 1-Figure 6 )

[0029] See also Figure 3 and Figure 4 In this embodiment, the moving module 2 includes an X-axis driving mechanism 21, a Y-axis driving mechanism 22 and a Z-axis driving mechanism 23, which are respectively used to control the linear motion of the workpiece 5 in the front-back, left-right, and up-down directions (i.e., the three directions of X, Y, and Z); the X-axis driving mechanism 21 includes two A screw rod modules arranged on the left and right sides of the polishing wheel 41; the Y-axis driving mechanism 22 includes a gantry 221 slidably connected to the two A screw rod modules, and a B screw rod module arranged on the top of the gantry 221; The Z-axis driving mechanism 23 includes a C screw module slidably connected to the B screw module; the A screw module, the B screw module and the C screw module all include a base 24, a screw 25 arranged on the base 24, and a D motor 26 drivingly connected to the screw 25; a slide plate 27 is installed on the screw 25, and two sliders 28 are respectively arranged on both sides of the bottom of the slide plate 27, and correspondingly, a slide rail 29 is respectively arranged on both sides of the top of the base 24; the slider 28 is slidably arranged on the slide rail 29. By changing the position of the workpiece 5 in the three directions of X, Y and Z through the screw module, the adjustment accuracy is high, and the space of the entire polishing device can be saved to the maximum extent, reducing the manufacturing cost.

[0030] See also Figure 2In this embodiment, the workpiece clamping drive module 3 includes a rotating platform 31; a fixture 32 is provided on the rotating platform 31 for clamping the workpiece 5 to be processed; the fixture 32 includes a connecting block and a rotating shaft, the connecting block is fixed on the rotating platform 31, the upper end of the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the connecting block, and the lower end is provided with a mounting plate; during polishing, the workpiece is fixed on the mounting plate; the B motor 34 is fixed to the top of the connecting block, and its output shaft is connected to the rotating shaft, which is used to drive the rotating shaft to rotate, thereby driving the workpiece 5 to rotate; the rotating platform 31 is connected to the A motor 33, and can rotate under the drive of the A motor 33, thereby driving the workpiece 5 to rotate in the YZ plane; the A motor 33 is fixed on the slide of the C screw module.

[0031] See also Figure 5 and Figure 6 In this embodiment, the polishing module 4 includes a polishing wheel 41 (the polishing wheel 41 is made of stainless steel) arranged below the clamp 32; the lower part of the polishing wheel 41 is located in the polishing groove 42 (there is a polishing gap between the bottom of the polishing wheel 41 and the polishing groove 42); the polishing groove 42 is used to hold the polishing liquid; the polishing wheel 41 includes a wheel body 411 and a wheel axle 412; a group of grooves 413 are evenly spaced along the circumferential direction on the outer peripheral surface of the wheel body 411, which are used to form a space for the polishing liquid to adhere; the wheel axle 412 is transmission-connected to the C motor 43 and can rotate under the drive of the C motor 43; the groove 413 is a trapezoidal groove with a larger upper part and a smaller lower part, and the front and rear sides of the trapezoidal groove have arc-shaped side walls.

[0032] Furthermore, the frame 1 is provided with a front support seat 11 and a rear support seat 12 on the front and rear sides of the polishing wheel 41; one end of the wheel shaft 412 is rotatably connected to the front support seat 11, and the other end is drivingly connected to the output shaft of the C motor 43; the C motor 43 is installed in the rear support seat 12. By providing the front support seat 11 and the rear support seat 12 to support the polishing wheel 41 and the C motor 43, shaking of the polishing wheel 41 when rotating can be avoided, thereby improving the stability of the polishing device during operation. A rear cover is also provided on the rear support seat 12 to facilitate the installation of the C motor 43.

[0033] Furthermore, the wheel axle 412 is a stepped axle structure, the wheel body 411 has a central opening, and is connected to the wheel axle 412 via a key; after assembly, the front side of the wheel body 411 abuts against the shoulder of the wheel axle 412. At this time, the wheel body 411 can be limited by the key and the shoulder, so that the connection between the wheel body 411 and the wheel axle 412 is more secure.

[0034] Furthermore, the front support seat 11 and the rear support seat 12 are respectively provided with bearings 44; the two ends of the wheel shaft 412 are inserted into the corresponding bearings 44; the wheel shaft 412 is connected to the output shaft of the C motor 43 through a coupling 45. The bearing 44 can be used to reduce the friction coefficient during the rotation of the wheel shaft 412 and ensure its normal working position, and it is easy to use and maintain and easy to replace; the setting of the coupling 45 allows the wheel shaft 412 and the output shaft of the C motor 43 to rotate smoothly, ensuring the transmission performance, high rotation accuracy, and easy disassembly and assembly.

[0035] Furthermore, a circular arc baffle 46 is respectively provided on the left and right sides of the polishing tank 42. The circular arc baffle 46 can be used to block the polishing liquid, prevent the polishing liquid from splashing and causing environmental pollution, and can realize the recycling of the polishing liquid.

[0036] The wheel shear rheological polishing method is implemented by using the aforementioned wheel shear rheological polishing device; specifically comprises the following steps:

[0037] S1, the workpiece 5 to be processed is mounted on the fixture 32, there is a certain polishing gap between the workpiece 5 and the polishing wheel 41 (the gap is 1 mm in this embodiment), and non-Newtonian fluid polishing liquid is poured into the polishing tank 42, so that the lower part of the polishing wheel 41 is immersed in the polishing liquid;

[0038] S2, start the C motor 43 to drive the polishing wheel 41 to rotate, and start the B motor 34 to drive the fixture 32 to rotate, so as to drive the workpiece 5 to rotate. The rotation speed of the polishing wheel 41 is 70-80 rpm; the rotation speed of the workpiece 5 is 10-30 rpm; during the rotation of the polishing wheel 41, the polishing liquid will adhere to the surface of the polishing wheel 41 to form a polishing liquid layer (the thickness of the polishing liquid layer is about 3 mm), and rotate synchronously with the polishing wheel 41; when the polishing liquid rotates to the top of the polishing wheel 41 and contacts the workpiece 5, shear thickening phenomenon will occur, forming a flexible fixed abrasive tool to remove the material on the surface of the workpiece 5;

[0039] S3, the workpiece 5 is controlled to move in the X, Y and Z directions through the X-axis drive mechanism 21, the Y-axis drive mechanism 22 and the Z-axis drive mechanism 23, and the rotating platform 31 is driven to rotate in the YZ plane through the A motor 33 to change the angle between the workpiece 5 and the Z axis, thereby continuously adjusting the polishing position of the workpiece 5 to achieve polishing of the entire surface of the workpiece 5.

[0040] Non-Newtonian fluids are fluids that do not satisfy Newton's experimental law of viscosity, that is, fluids whose shear stress and shear strain rate are not linearly related. The principle of non-Newtonian fluids is that when a fluid is subjected to shear or extension, its viscosity changes, resulting in flow characteristics that are different from those of Newtonian fluids. Specifically, when the shear rate is low, the viscosity of non-Newtonian fluids is high and it is difficult to flow; when the shear rate increases, the viscosity decreases and it becomes easier to flow. This characteristic causes non-Newtonian fluids to exhibit different flow behaviors when subjected to different shear rates. See Figure 6 In this application, when the relative shear rate between the polishing liquid 6 and the workpiece 5 exceeds a certain threshold (the shear thickening rate range is 50 to 200 s -1 ; The threshold is 50s -1 ), the polishing liquid 6 will experience a shear thickening effect, and the polymers evenly distributed in the polishing liquid 6 and the abrasive particles 601 will gather together to form a particle cluster 602, making the polishing liquid 6 have properties similar to those of a "solid", that is, a flexible "fixed abrasive tool" that can be used to polish the surface of the workpiece 5 and remove the surface material of the workpiece 5.

[0041] Implementation Cases:

[0042] This case uses the above-mentioned wheel shear rheological polishing method to polish the BK7 glass spherical lens. The specific experimental conditions are as follows:

[0043] Workpiece BK7 glass spherical lens φ30mm Abrasive particle size <![CDATA[SiO2 (average 80 nm)]]> Abrasive Concentration 8wt% Polishing wheel speed 75rpm Distance between workpiece and polishing wheel 1mm Polishing time 30min Workpiece speed 20rpm

[0044] The experimental results show that the performance of the polishing liquid remains stable during the processing; after 30 minutes of shear rheological polishing, all surface scratches of the glass workpiece are removed, and the roughness Sa is reduced from the original 250.1nm±14nm to below 0.9nm±0.1nm.

[0045] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the terms: "X-axis", "Y-axis", "Z-axis", "YZ plane", "front and back", "left and right", "up and down", "above", etc., indicating directions or positional relationships, are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0046] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, a person skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the above embodiments can still be modified, or some or all of the technical features can be replaced by equivalents; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. Wheel-type shear rheological polishing device, characterized in that: It comprises a frame (1); the frame (1) is provided with a moving module (2), a workpiece clamping drive module (3) and a polishing module (4); The moving module (2) comprises an X-axis driving mechanism (21), a Y-axis driving mechanism (22) and a Z-axis driving mechanism (23), which are respectively used to control the movement of the workpiece (5) in three directions, namely, X, Y and Z, so as to adjust the polishing position of the workpiece (5); The workpiece clamping drive module (3) is arranged on the moving module (2), and comprises a rotating platform (31); a clamp (32) is arranged on the rotating platform (31) for clamping the workpiece (5) to be processed; the rotating platform (31) is connected to the A motor (33) and can rotate under the drive of the A motor (33); the clamp (32) is connected to the B motor (34) and can rotate under the drive of the B motor (34); The polishing module (4) comprises a polishing wheel (41) disposed below the fixture (32); the lower portion of the polishing wheel (41) is located in a polishing groove (42); the polishing groove (42) is used to contain polishing liquid; the polishing wheel (41) comprises a wheel body (411) and a wheel shaft (412); a group of grooves (413) are provided on the outer peripheral surface of the wheel body (411) at intervals in the circumferential direction, for forming a space for the polishing liquid to adhere; and the wheel shaft (412) is drivingly connected to a C motor (43).

2. The wheel-type shear rheological polishing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The groove (413) is a trapezoidal groove that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom.

3. The wheel-type shear rheological polishing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A front support seat (11) and a rear support seat (12) are respectively provided on the frame (1) at the front and rear sides of the polishing wheel (41); one end of the wheel shaft (412) of the polishing wheel (41) is rotatably connected to the front support seat (11), and the other end is drivingly connected to the output shaft of the C motor (43); the C motor (43) is installed in the rear support seat (12).

4. The wheel-type shear rheological polishing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The wheel axle (412) is a stepped axle structure and is connected to the wheel body (411) via a key.

5. The wheel-type shear rheological polishing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The front support seat (11) and the rear support seat (12) are respectively provided with bearings (44), and both ends of the wheel shaft (412) are inserted into the corresponding bearings (44); the wheel shaft (412) is connected to the output shaft of the C motor (43) via a coupling (45).

6. The wheel-type shear rheological polishing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: An arc-shaped baffle (46) is respectively provided on both sides of the polishing groove (42).

7. The wheel-type shear rheological polishing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The X-axis drive mechanism (21) comprises two A screw modules arranged on the left and right sides of the polishing wheel (41); the Y-axis drive mechanism (22) comprises a gantry (221) slidably connected to the two A screw modules, and a B screw module arranged on the top of the gantry (221); the Z-axis drive mechanism (23) comprises a C screw module slidably connected to the B screw module; The workpiece clamping drive module (3) is slidably arranged on the C screw rod module.

8. The wheel-type shear rheological polishing device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The A screw rod module, the B screw rod module and the C screw rod module all comprise a base (24), a screw rod (25) arranged on the base (24), and a D motor (26) drivingly connected to the screw rod (25); a slide plate (27) is mounted on the screw rod (25), two sliders (28) are respectively arranged on both sides of the bottom of the slide plate (27), and correspondingly, a slide rail (29) is respectively arranged on both sides of the top of the base (24); the slider (28) is slidably arranged on the slide rail (29).

9. Wheel shear rheological polishing method, characterized in that: The method is implemented by using the wheel-type shear rheological polishing device described in claim 1; specifically comprising the following steps: S1, mounting the workpiece (5) to be processed on the fixture (32), and pouring a non-Newtonian fluid polishing liquid into the polishing tank (42), so that the lower part of the polishing wheel (41) is immersed in the polishing liquid; S2, starting the C motor (43) to drive the polishing wheel (41) to rotate, and simultaneously starting the B motor (34) to drive the fixture (32) to rotate, thereby driving the workpiece (5) to rotate. During the rotation of the polishing wheel (41), the polishing liquid adheres to the surface of the polishing wheel (41) to form a polishing liquid layer, and rotates synchronously with the polishing wheel (41). When the polishing liquid rotates to the top of the polishing wheel (41) and contacts the workpiece (5), shear thickening occurs, forming a flexible fixed abrasive tool, and removing material from the surface of the workpiece (5); S3, controlling the workpiece (5) to move in the three directions of X, Y and Z through the X-axis driving mechanism (21), the Y-axis driving mechanism (22) and the Z-axis driving mechanism (23), and at the same time driving the rotating platform (31) to rotate through the A motor (33), thereby changing the polishing angle of the workpiece (5), thereby continuously adjusting the polishing position of the workpiece (5) to achieve polishing of the entire surface of the workpiece (5).

10. Wheel shear rheological polishing method, characterized in that: The rotation speed of the polishing wheel (41) is 70 to 80 rpm; the rotation speed of the workpiece (5) is 10 to 30 rpm.

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