Anti-explosion, sound absorption and heat insulation integrated protection structure and method
By combining multi-layer thermal insulation plates with three-dimensional spiral structures in the ship protection structure, the spiral noise reduction channel and through holes absorb sound wave energy, and strain softening absorb impact energy, the shortcomings in the existing technology in terms of noise and temperature are solved. , achieving stronger protection effect.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411257147.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-09
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-10
AI Technical Summary
The existing integrated protective structure of ships with anti-munition and explosion is poor in noise reduction and heat insulation, and cannot effectively deal with the complex environmental threats of high-intensity noise and extreme temperatures.
It uses a multi-layer thermal insulation plate and a three-dimensional spiral structure, and the hollow linear components are distributed along the spiral line to form a spiral noise reduction channel, and communicate with the through holes of the thermal insulation plate. It uses silica aerogel and thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer materials. The three-dimensional spiral structure absorbs and consumes acoustic energy through the spiral noise reduction channel and through holes, and the three-dimensional spiral structure undergoes strain softening and absorbs and dispersing energy during impact.
It achieves good explosion resistance, sound absorption and heat insulation effects, meets the protection needs under explosion impact, high intensity noise and extreme temperature conditions, and improves the applicability of the protective structure.
Smart Images
Figure CN119102301A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of protective structures, and in particular to an explosion-proof, sound-absorbing and heat-insulating integrated protective structure and method. Background Art
[0002] The statements herein merely provide background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.
[0003] At present, the environment faced by buildings, ships, vehicles, etc. is becoming more and more complex and diverse. For example, in the modern naval warfare environment, the threats faced by ships are becoming more and more complex and diverse, mainly including explosion shock, high-intensity noise and extreme temperature, etc. These threats not only directly affect the structural integrity of the ship, but also pose a serious threat to the safety of the personnel on board and the normal operation of the equipment.
[0004] Patent application CN115752098A discloses an integrated bulletproof and explosion-proof protective structure for ships, which includes, from the inside to the outside, a ceramic structural layer, a rigid support layer, a lightweight energy-absorbing layer and an inner protective layer. While taking into account excellent dual protection performances of bulletproof and explosion-proof, it achieves lightweight protection and reduces overall structural damage. However, the above-mentioned protective structure focuses on bulletproof and explosion-proof. At present, ships also face complex environments such as high-intensity noise and extreme temperatures. The above-mentioned protective structure has poor effects in noise reduction and heat insulation, and does not solve the problems of noise reduction and heat insulation. There are certain limitations when using it. Summary of the invention
[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide an integrated explosion-proof, sound-absorbing and heat-insulating protective structure and method, which has better explosion-proof, sound-absorbing and heat-insulating effects and is more applicable.
[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:
[0007] In the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an integrated explosion-proof, sound-absorbing and heat-insulating protective structure, including a multi-layer insulation board, and a plurality of three-dimensional spiral structures composed of hollow linear components distributed along a spiral line are arranged between adjacent insulation boards. The hollow linear components are made of flexible material, and after the hollow linear components are distributed along the spiral line, a spiral noise reduction channel is formed inside the hollow linear components, and the top of the spiral noise reduction channel is connected to the through hole arranged on the insulation board.
[0008] Optionally, the three-dimensional spiral structure adopts a conical structure, one end of which is a large end and the other end is a small end, the area covered by the large end is larger than the area covered by the small end, and the small end is connected to a heat insulation board close to the force-bearing side.
[0009] Optionally, the area covered by the large end of the three-dimensional spiral structure is a circular area with a diameter of 8 mm-12 mm, preferably 10 mm, which can ensure the stability of the bottom of the three-dimensional spiral structure.
[0010] Optionally, the thermal insulation board is made of silica aerogel.
[0011] Optionally, the method for preparing the silica aerogel comprises the following steps:
[0012] Tetraethyl orthosilicate was used as the silicon source to synthesize wet gel by sol-gel method;
[0013] The wet gel is aged at a set temperature, and after aging, the surface is modified using a n-hexane solution;
[0014] After drying, silica aerogel was obtained.
[0015] Optionally, the three-dimensional spiral structure is distributed in an array between two adjacent heat insulation boards.
[0016] Optionally, the hollow linear component is made of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer rubber material.
[0017] Optionally, the dimension of the three-dimensional spiral structure in a direction perpendicular to the heat insulation board is 18 mm-22 mm, preferably 20 mm, which ensures the stability of the three-dimensional spiral structure while also enabling the three-dimensional spiral structure to have better flexibility and deformation ability.
[0018] Optionally, the three-dimensional spiral structure is prepared by 3D printing.
[0019] On the second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a working method of an integrated explosion-proof, sound-absorbing and heat-insulating protective structure: the heat insulation board isolates the heat transferred from the external environment and reflects part of the sound waves at the same time, and the through holes and spiral noise reduction channels absorb and dissipate the remaining sound waves entering the interior thereof; after the heat insulation board is impacted, the three-dimensional spiral structure undergoes strain softening to absorb and disperse energy through deformation.
[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
[0021] 1. The integrated protective structure of the present invention has a multi-layer heat insulation board, and a plurality of three-dimensional spiral structures are arranged between adjacent heat insulation boards. The top of the spiral noise reduction channel inside the three-dimensional spiral structure is connected with the through hole on the heat insulation board. The heat insulation board can play a heat insulation role. When the noise sound wave reaches the heat insulation board, a small part of the sound wave is reflected back, and most of the sound wave enters the noise reduction spiral channel through the through hole. The sound wave will encounter resistance when passing through the through hole and the spiral noise reduction channel, consuming the sound wave energy and playing a noise reduction role. The heat insulation board and the three-dimensional spiral structure form a plurality of micro-perforated plate closed cavity sound absorption superstructures. The structure itself is a resonant sound absorption superstructure. When the sound wave frequency is consistent with the self-vibration of the three-dimensional spiral structure, the sound wave energy is absorbed by the sound wave, and ... When the frequencies are consistent, resonance occurs, and the sound waves excite the air in the spiral noise reduction channel of the three-dimensional spiral structure to vibrate, achieving the effect of resonance, thereby consuming sound energy and achieving the purpose of sound absorption. At the same time, the three-dimensional spiral structure exhibits strain softening when impacted, and the three-dimensional spiral structure deforms and the stress wave flips to absorb the impact energy. When the three-dimensional spiral structure is deformed, each layer expands and contracts along the axial direction, further absorbing and dispersing the shock wave energy, playing an anti-explosion role. Therefore, the entire protective structure also plays an anti-explosion, sound-absorbing and heat-insulating role, meeting the protection needs of the protective structure under explosion impact, high-intensity noise and extreme temperature conditions, and improving the applicability of the entire protective structure.
[0022] 2. The integrated protective structure of the present invention uses silica aerogel to support the thermal insulation board, which has the characteristics of being porous and having a high air filling rate. The thermal conductivity of air is much smaller than that of solid materials. Therefore, the thermal conductivity of silica aerogel is very low and can play a good role in thermal insulation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0023] The accompanying drawings in the specification, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.
[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
[0025] Figure 2 The present invention Figure 1 A local enlarged view of point A in FIG.
[0026] Among them, 1. heat insulation board, 2. three-dimensional spiral structure, 3. spiral noise reduction channel, 4. through hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0027] Example 1
[0028] This embodiment provides an integrated explosion-proof, sound-absorbing and heat-insulating protective structure, such as Figure 1-Figure 2As shown, it includes a multi-layer insulation board 1, and a plurality of three-dimensional spiral structures 2 distributed in an array are arranged between adjacent insulation boards 1. The three-dimensional spiral structure 2 is formed by hollow linear components made of flexible material and distributed along the spiral line. Since the hollow linear components are used, a spiral noise reduction channel 3 is formed inside the hollow linear components after they are distributed along the spiral line. The insulation board 1 is a porous plate, which is provided with a plurality of through holes 4 arranged along the array and corresponding to the three-dimensional spiral structure 3. The top of the spiral noise reduction channel 3 is connected to the corresponding through hole 4, so that noise sound waves can enter the spiral noise reduction channel 3 through the through hole 4.
[0029] In this embodiment, the insulation board 1 is made of silica aerogel material. Silica aerogel has a highly porous structure and a high air filling rate. The thermal conductivity of air is much smaller than that of solid materials, so the thermal conductivity of silica aerogel is very low. Therefore, using silica aerogel as an insulation layer can play a good insulation role.
[0030] The preparation method of the silica aerogel in this embodiment can be an existing method, such as the preparation method of silica aerogel described in "Indicators and Performance Research of Hydrophobic Silica Aerogel, Lanzhou Jiaotong University" in "Biochemical Engineering" Volume 9, Issue 4, including the following steps:
[0031] Step 1: First, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) is used as a silicon source to synthesize a wet gel by a sol-gel method. The sol-gel method can be performed using existing methods, and its specific steps are not described in detail here. In this process, the precursor undergoes hydrolysis and condensation reactions to form a wet gel with a three-dimensional network structure. Hydrochloric acid is used as a catalyst in the hydrolysis process.
[0032] Step 2: The wet gel is aged in a set temperature environment. In this embodiment, the wet gel is aged in a 50° C. environment.
[0033] Step 3: After the wet gel is aged, a low surface tension n-hexane solution is used to modify the wet gel surface and replace the solvent in the gel pores to reduce shrinkage and structural collapse during the drying process. This step can be carried out using existing technology and will not be described in detail here.
[0034] Step 4: Finally, the silica aerogel is obtained by drying at normal pressure to remove the solvent in the gel.
[0035] The thermal insulation board 1 is prepared by using the prepared silica aerogel raw material to obtain a silica aerogel thermal insulation board. The preparation method can be the existing method, which will not be described in detail here.
[0036] The heat insulation board 1 is machined to have a plurality of through holes 4 distributed in an array, and the diameter of the through holes 4 is 2 mm-4 mm, preferably 3 mm.
[0037] The heat insulation boards 1 of the adjacent layers are directly provided with a plurality of three-dimensional spiral structures 2 distributed in an array, and the three-dimensional spiral structures 2 are distributed in an array corresponding to the through holes.
[0038] The three-dimensional spiral structure 2 is formed by hollow linear components distributed along the spiral line. In this embodiment, the hollow linear components are made of flexible materials, preferably, thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer rubber material. The entire three-dimensional spiral structure is made by 3D printing method, which is easy to process.
[0039] Since hollow linear components are used, the three-dimensional spiral structure is formed with a spiral noise reduction channel 3, and the top of the spiral noise reduction channel 3 is connected to the corresponding through hole 4. Specifically, the top of the three-dimensional spiral structure is inserted into the through hole to realize the connection between the spiral noise reduction channel 3 and the through hole, and at the same time realize the connection between the top of the three-dimensional spiral structure and the insulation board. The bottom of the three-dimensional spiral structure is fixed to the insulation board 1 by glue, and the insulation board 1 and the three-dimensional spiral structure 2 form a plurality of micro-perforated plate closed cavity sound absorption superstructures. This system can effectively absorb and dissipate sound waves and reduce noise propagation.
[0040] Furthermore, the three-dimensional spiral structure 2 adopts a conical shape, having a large end and a small end, the small end is a pointed end, which is connected to the through hole position of the upper insulation board, so that the top of the spiral noise reduction channel 3 is connected to the through hole 4, and the bottom layer where the large end is located is fixed to the insulation board 1 below through a set arc portion.
[0041] In this embodiment, the dimension of the three-dimensional spiral structure 2 along the direction perpendicular to the heat insulation board, i.e., along its axial direction, is 18mm-22mm, preferably 20mm. While ensuring the stability of the three-dimensional spiral structure 2, the three-dimensional spiral structure 2 can also have good flexibility and deformation ability. The area covered by the large end of the three-dimensional spiral structure 2 is a circular area with a diameter of 8mm-12mm, preferably 10mm, which can ensure the stability of the bottom of the three-dimensional spiral structure 2, thereby achieving better support and load distribution in the overall array. Each three-dimensional spiral structure 2 adopts a six-layer spiral ascending structural design. This spiral form greatly enhances the structural strength and energy absorption capacity of the cell through the orderly superposition of layers. The design of this spiral structure also helps to achieve strain softening through longitudinal expansion and contraction layer by layer when impacted, thereby effectively absorbing and dispersing external impact forces.
[0042] In the protective structure of this embodiment, the heat insulation board 1 is made of silica aerogel, which can effectively block the transfer of heat. When the noise sound wave reaches the heat insulation board 1, a small part of the sound wave is reflected back by the heat insulation board 1, and most of it enters the spiral noise reduction channel 3 of the three-dimensional spiral structure 2 through the through hole 4. Due to the viscosity of the air, the sound wave will encounter resistance when passing through the through hole 4 and the spiral noise reduction channel 3, consuming part of the sound wave energy, which is one of the key mechanisms of sound absorption. In addition, the three-dimensional spiral structure 2 combined with the porous heat insulation board 1 itself is also a resonant sound absorption superstructure with a specific resonant frequency. The sound absorption effect is best at this frequency. When the sound wave frequency is consistent with the natural frequency of the structure, the sound wave excites the air in the spiral noise reduction channel of the three-dimensional spiral structure to vibrate, achieving a resonance effect, thereby consuming sound energy and achieving the purpose of sound absorption. By adjusting the aperture size of the through hole, noise sound waves of different frequencies can be absorbed.
[0043] Since the three-dimensional spiral structure 2 is made of a flexible thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer rubber material to form a retractable three-dimensional spiral superstructure, the retractable three-dimensional spiral superstructure exhibits strain softening when impacted, that is, it absorbs and disperses energy by deformation under impact or explosion load, thereby reducing damage to the overall structure. When the three-dimensional spiral structure is impacted, the impact energy first generates compression waves in the superstructure, and these waves propagate in the medium, resulting in a sharp increase in overall density and pressure. Under the influence of the compression wave, the three-dimensional spiral superstructure exhibits strain softening characteristics, that is, at a higher strain level, its bearing capacity is reduced, allowing the structure to absorb impact energy by deformation. Due to strain softening, the layers of the three-dimensional spiral structure begin to expand and contract in the longitudinal direction, and this expansion and contraction is carried out layer by layer, which helps to further absorb and disperse the energy of the shock wave. As the compression wave passes, the part of the medium that was originally compressed in the three-dimensional spiral superstructure will try to return to its original state due to inertia. This recovery process leads to an increase in the volume of the medium, which in turn causes a stretching effect, generates a stretching wave, and causes the stress wave to flip, reducing the impact damage to the protected target. This hollow three-dimensional spiral structure array manufactured by 3D printing technology not only shows a high degree of innovation and complexity in structural design, but also achieves an organic unity of protection, energy absorption and structural stability in terms of functionality. When impacted, this efficient protection array can dissipate the impact energy and flip the stress wave through its three-dimensional spiral structure, thus providing a new type of protection solution for various engineering applications.
[0044] The design of the entire protective structure couples the heat insulation board, through-holes, three-dimensional spiral structure and spiral noise reduction channel in the structure, combining the functions of heat insulation, sound absorption and impact softening, making it an efficient integrated protection solution. It meets the protection needs of the protective structure under explosion impact, high-intensity noise and extreme temperature conditions, and improves the applicability of the entire protective structure.
[0045] Example 2
[0046] The present embodiment provides a working method of the explosion-proof, sound-absorbing and heat-insulating integrated protective structure described in Embodiment 1. When the protective structure is subjected to explosion shock waves, high-temperature radiation and noise sound waves, the silica aerogel insulation board isolates the heat transferred from the external environment and reflects part of the sound waves at the same time, and the through holes and the spiral noise reduction channels absorb and dissipate the remaining sound waves entering the interior thereof. After the insulation board is impacted, the three-dimensional spiral structure undergoes strain softening to absorb and disperse energy through deformation, thereby realizing the integrated explosion-proof, sound-absorbing and heat-insulating properties of the protective structure.
[0047] The protective structure of this embodiment can be applied to fields such as ships, vehicles or buildings, and can be applied according to actual needs, so it will not be described in detail here.
[0048] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims
1. An integrated explosion-proof, sound-absorbing and heat-insulating protective structure, characterized in that: It includes multiple layers of insulation boards, and a plurality of three-dimensional spiral structures composed of hollow linear components distributed along a spiral line are arranged between adjacent insulation boards. The hollow linear components are made of flexible materials. After the hollow linear components are distributed along the spiral line, a spiral noise reduction channel is formed inside the hollow linear components. The top end of the spiral noise reduction channel is connected to a through hole arranged on the insulation board.
2. The explosion-proof, sound-absorbing and heat-insulating integrated protective structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-dimensional spiral structure adopts a conical structure, one end of which is a large end and the other end is a small end. The area covered by the large end is larger than the area covered by the small end, and the small end is connected to the heat insulation board close to the force-bearing side.
3. The explosion-proof, sound-absorbing and heat-insulating integrated protective structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The area covered by the large end of the three-dimensional spiral structure is a circular area with a diameter of 8mm-12mm, preferably 10mm.
4. The explosion-proof, sound-absorbing and heat-insulating integrated protective structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat insulation board is made of silicon dioxide aerogel.
5. The explosion-proof, sound-absorbing and heat-insulating integrated protective structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The preparation method of silica aerogel comprises the following steps: Tetraethyl orthosilicate was used as the silicon source to synthesize wet gel by sol-gel method; The wet gel is aged at a set temperature, and after aging, the surface is modified using a n-hexane solution; After drying, silica aerogel was obtained.
6. The explosion-proof, sound-absorbing and heat-insulating integrated protective structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-dimensional spiral structures are distributed in an array between two adjacent heat insulation boards.
7. The explosion-proof, sound-absorbing and heat-insulating integrated protective structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hollow linear component is made of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer rubber material.
8. The explosion-proof, sound-absorbing and heat-insulating integrated protective structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dimension of the three-dimensional spiral structure along the direction perpendicular to the heat insulation board is 18 mm-22 mm, preferably 20 mm.
9. The explosion-proof, sound-absorbing and heat-insulating integrated protective structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-dimensional spiral structure is prepared by a 3D printing method.
10. A working method of the explosion-proof, sound-absorbing and heat-insulating integrated protective structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The heat insulation board isolates the heat transferred from the external environment and reflects part of the sound waves. The through holes and spiral noise reduction channels absorb and dissipate the remaining sound waves entering the interior. When the heat insulation board is impacted, the three-dimensional spiral structure undergoes strain softening to absorb and disperse energy through deformation.