Test device and method for simulating lateral water flow to wash slope protection circulating water tank

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy projects, particularly discloses a test device and method for simulating lateral water flow scouring of a slope protection circulating water tank, and aims to solve the problem that in the prior art, slope protection scouring of different gradients cannot be simulated at the same time, and erosion sediment particles cannot be effectively collected. According to the technical scheme, the device comprises a circulating water tank, a multi-stage flow guide box, a slope-adjustable gravel washing tank, a slope-adjustable plant maintenance tank, a sediment collecting area, a high-speed shooting device and the like; by adjusting the gradient of the multi-stage flow guide box and the gradient of the broken stone washing groove, accurate control over the water flow state and the slope of the slope protection is achieved; a multi-stage filter screen and water baffle technology is adopted in the sediment collecting area, and erosion sediment is effectively collected and analyzed; according to the invention, not only can the scouring process of the broken stone revetment and the ecological revetment be simulated, but also the erosion resistance of the revetment can be accurately reflected, and theoretical and technical support is provided for ecological revetment engineering design and disaster prevention and reduction; the device is simple and convenient to operate, accurate in data collection and high in test efficiency, and can meet various requirements in scientific research and engineering practice.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy engineering and ecological environment protection, and in particular to a circulating water tank test device and method for simulating lateral water flow scouring a slope protection. Background Art

[0002] In the fields of water conservancy projects, river management and ecological environment protection, the erosion of bank slopes by lateral water flow is an important issue that needs to be solved urgently. With the construction and operation of large reservoirs such as the Three Gorges Reservoir, factors such as lateral scouring, waves and periodic fluctuations of reservoir water have caused significant erosion effects on bank slopes, which not only induce serious bank collapse problems, but also lead to multiple landslide disasters, seriously threatening the infrastructure of the reservoir area, people's lives and property, and shipping safety. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the erosion mechanism and protective measures of bank slopes by lateral water flow.

[0003] At present, there is a certain research foundation for the simulation test device for lateral water flow scouring the bank slope. For example, in the existing technology, the propeller is driven by a motor to generate water flow, and the flow state of the water body in the water tank is controlled by a guide box to form a water flow with controllable water depth, stable flow state and cross-sectional flow velocity that conforms to the cross-sectional flow velocity distribution law of natural river channels, so as to simulate the scouring effect of lateral water flow on the bank slope. However, these existing technologies still have many shortcomings, which are specifically manifested in the following aspects: Single function: Most existing technologies can only simulate a single slope protection scouring process, and cannot simultaneously adjust the slope protection slope and maintain its stability, nor can they efficiently simulate gravel slope protection and ecological slope protection. This limits the application of the test device in the study of complex slope protection structures.

[0004] Insufficient flow pattern control: Existing technologies make it difficult to effectively control the flow pattern of the water flow section and are unable to effectively eliminate the impact of turbulence on the test, resulting in greater uncertainty in the test results.

[0005] Inconvenient sediment collection: The sediment collection method in the existing technology is relatively cumbersome, and it is impossible to quickly and accurately collect the eroded sediment particles, thereby failing to accurately obtain the erosion data caused by lateral water flow erosion of the slope soil.

[0006] The simulation process is not comprehensive: Most existing technologies can only simulate the slope scouring and erosion process, but cannot simulate the entire process of water flow velocity and flow pattern regulation, engineering or ecological slope soil erosion and eroded sediment particle collection, which limits the application of test equipment in the comprehensive evaluation of slope protection performance.

[0007] In order to overcome the above technical defects and improve the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the simulation test of lateral water flow scouring the bank slope, the present invention proposes a circulating water tank test device for simulating lateral water flow scouring the bank slope. The device realizes precise control of key parameters such as bank slope, water flow state and sediment collection through innovative designs such as insertable sliding bank slope plate control technology, multi-stage guide box control technology and multi-stage filter isolation technology, providing important theoretical and technical support for the design of river ecological bank protection engineering.

[0008] In summary, the invention is proposed based on an in-depth analysis and full understanding of the prior art, and aims to address the deficiencies in the prior art, improve the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the simulation test of lateral water flow scouring the slope, and provide strong technical support for research and engineering practice in related fields. Summary of the invention

[0009] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a circulating water flume test device and method for simulating lateral water flow scouring of slope protection, so as to solve multiple technical defects existing in the prior art in the process of simulating lateral water flow scouring of bank slopes. Specifically, the prior art cannot simultaneously achieve the adjustment of the slope gradient and the maintenance of its own stability, cannot efficiently simulate the scouring process of gravel slope protection and ecological slope protection, cannot effectively control the flow state of the water flow section to eliminate the influence of turbulence on the test, and cannot quickly and accurately collect eroded sediment particles to obtain accurate erosion data.

[0010] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a circulating water tank test device for simulating lateral water flow scouring slope protection, comprising: A circulating water tank, one end of which is provided with a propeller guide box, in which a propeller is installed for generating water flow, and the propeller has its own motor; The first guide box and the second guide box are sequentially arranged on the right side of the propeller guide box to adjust the flow pattern of the water flow; The plant maintenance trough is arranged on the right side of the second guide box, and a gravel trough is arranged at the lower part of the plant maintenance trough. The gravel trough is connected to the lifting slider through a hinge, and is connected to the slider through a hinge. The lifting slider is fixed inside the slide rail and connected to the wire rope. The wire rope is fixedly wound on the lifting shaft. The lifting and lowering of the gravel trough and the plant maintenance trough is achieved by adjusting the lifting shaft, thereby adjusting the slope of the slope protection; The sediment collection area is arranged on the right side of the plant maintenance trough, and includes a first filter plate, a second filter plate, a second water retaining plate and a first water retaining plate. The first water retaining plate and the second water retaining plate are sealed by an inflatable rubber ring. A first drain port is arranged at the bottom of the sediment collection area for discharging and collecting eroded sediment particles. A high-speed camera is installed outside the circulating water tank to record the flushing process; A second drain outlet is provided at the end of the tail water section of the circulating water tank for discharging tail water.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the circulating water tank includes a water tank frame, both ends of which are arranged in a semicircular shape. A sealed peripheral wall is arranged around the water tank frame. The sealed peripheral wall is made of transparent tempered glass and organic glass. The straight section of the side wall is made of tempered glass, and the arc section is made of organic glass. The tempered glass and the organic glass are sealed and connected together. The water tank frame is provided with a bottom plate, and the bottom plate includes a fan-shaped sediment collection plate arranged in the sediment collection area.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the sediment collection area is provided with a first drain outlet, a first drain pipe is installed at the first drain outlet, a first drain valve is provided on the first drain pipe, and a second drain outlet is provided at the end of the tail water section of the circulating water tank, a second drain pipe is installed at the second drain outlet, and a second drain valve is provided on the second drain pipe.

[0013] In a preferred solution, a regular cross guide plate and an oblique cross guide plate are sequentially arranged from left to right inside the first guide box.

[0014] In a preferred solution, a plurality of planar guide plates are arranged at intervals from top to bottom inside the second guide box.

[0015] In a preferred solution, the lifting shaft is fixed on a support frame, and a water body monitoring device is arranged on the support frame. The water body monitoring device includes a flow meter and a turbidity meter.

[0016] In a preferred solution, the high-speed shooting device is a high-speed motion camera, which is used to shoot and record the underwater erosion process of plants and gravel in coordination with the slope protection, and the data is collected synchronously.

[0017] In a preferred solution, the first water baffle includes a water baffle body, an inflatable rubber ring is installed around the water baffle body to isolate water bodies on both sides, and the inflatable rubber ring is provided with inflation holes. The second water baffle has the same structure as the first water baffle.

[0018] In a preferred solution, the first filter plate includes a filter plate frame and a filter net, and the second filter plate has the same structure as the first filter plate.

[0019] A lateral water flow scouring slope protection circulating water flume test method is to use a lateral water flow scouring slope protection circulating water flume test device as described in any one of the above, and the experimental method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Adjust the flow velocity, flow pattern and water depth of the open channel. Obtain the cross-sectional flow velocity at the gravel tank through the propeller flow meter arranged in the water body monitoring device. Connect the propeller to the power supply, turn the control knob to adjust the propeller speed, adjust the flow velocity of the circulating water tank, keep the speed constant, adjust the distance between the first guide box and the propeller outlet, eliminate most of the turbulence, preliminarily adjust the flow pattern of the open channel, then adjust the distance between the second guide box and the first guide box and the number of horizontal guide plates in the second guide box, and further adjust the flow pattern of the open channel until the cross-sectional flow velocity distribution, water flow pattern and water depth at the outlet of the second guide box reach a stable state; Step 2: Carry out the gravel layer scouring test. Before the scouring test, only install the first filter plate and start the propeller to scour the gravel tank; Step 3: Erosion process monitoring and gravel particle collection. The movement of gravel particles in the gravel trough is captured by a high-speed camera. The gravel particles intercepted by the first filter plate are collected. The number of gravel particles that are displaced after a period of scouring is counted. The ratio of the number of unstable particles to the total number of particles can reflect the stability of gravel layers with different particle sizes. The stable particle size range of gravel under different flow rates and slope protection slopes can be obtained. The gravel scouring test results can provide a reference for the subsequent design of plant and gravel coordinated slope protection. Step 4: Carry out the scouring test of the plant and gravel coordinated slope protection, install the plant maintenance trough, insert the first filter plate and the second filter plate, adjust the slope of the slope protection, lay soil and gravel layers in the plant maintenance trough before the scouring test, and cultivate slope protection plants in the plant maintenance trough, insert the plant maintenance trough with well-developed plants into the gravel trough, rotate the lifting shaft, and use the wire rope to pull the lifting slider to move vertically between the fixed slide rails. The lifting slider is connected to the steel hinge, and the rotation of the steel hinge drives the gravel trough to move to achieve the adjustment of the slope of the plant maintenance trough plant and gravel coordinated slope protection; Step 5: Erosion index monitoring: start the propeller to flush the plant maintenance tank, measure the real-time water flow rate and water turbidity through the flow meter and turbidity meter arranged in the water monitoring device, and capture the movement of sediment particles and gravel particles in the plant maintenance tank through the high-speed camera; Step 6: Count the amount of bank slope soil erosion, collect the eroded sediment particles in the bank slope soil in the plant maintenance trough after the lateral water flow has scoured for a period of time, the steps are as follows: first, lower the first water baffle and the second water baffle, and then pump air into the inflatable rubber ring through the inflation hole until the first water baffle and the second water baffle completely isolate the water bodies on both sides. At this time, remove the first filter plate, and then use the water between the first water baffle and the second water baffle to wash the remaining sediment particles on the first filter plate, and then open the first drain valve to empty the water between the first water baffle and the second water baffle. At this time, the sediment particles are deposited on the fan-shaped sediment collection plate, and finally the fan-shaped sediment collection plate is taken out and weighed. The weight change of the fan-shaped sediment collection plate before and after the test is the amount of bank slope soil erosion. The erosion amount divided by the scouring time can obtain the weight of the eroded sediment particles in the bank slope soil per unit time. This indicator reflects the anti-erosion effect of the coordinated slope protection of plants and gravel; Step 7: Collect the sediment particles repeatedly at regular intervals. After the first collection of the sediment particles is completed, take out the gravel particles intercepted by the first filter plate, reinstall the fan-shaped sediment collection plate and the second filter plate, and inject water flow between the first water baffle and the second water baffle to make the regional water level consistent with the water level in the open channel. At this time, discharge the gas in the inflatable rubber ring through the inflation hole, then remove the first water baffle and the second water baffle, and start the propeller to continue the scouring test; Step 8: After the flushing test, open the second drain valve to drain the water from the open channel.

[0020] The present invention provides a circulating water tank test device and method for simulating lateral water flow scouring slope protection, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention solves a number of technical defects in the prior art in simulating the lateral water flow scouring the bank slope. Specifically, the prior art cannot simultaneously adjust the slope of the slope protection and maintain its own stability, cannot efficiently simulate the scouring process of gravel slope protection and ecological slope protection, cannot effectively control the flow state of the water flow section to eliminate the influence of turbulence on the test, and cannot quickly and accurately collect the eroded sediment particles to obtain accurate erosion data; 2. The present invention realizes the adjustment of the slope protection slope by using the insertable sliding slope plate composed of the plant maintenance groove, the gravel groove, the lifting shaft, etc., and maintains its own stability, and can efficiently simulate the gravel slope protection and the ecological slope protection at the same time; 3. The flow pattern control of the water flow section of the present invention adopts the multi-stage flow guide box control technology, which effectively eliminates the influence of turbulence on the test and makes the flow velocity distribution of the water flow section more stable and smooth; 4. The present invention can quickly and accurately collect sediment particles. It uses multi-stage filter isolation technology and water retaining plate isolation technology to achieve rapid and accurate collection of eroded sediment particles, thereby improving the accuracy of experimental data; 5. The device of the present invention can fully simulate the whole process of lateral water flow scouring slope erosion, such as water flow velocity and flow pattern regulation, engineering or ecological slope erosion, and collection of eroded sediment particles; 6. The present invention improves the sediment collection technology to achieve rapid and accurate collection of eroded sediment particles, providing reliable data for evaluating the anti-erosion performance of slope protection; 7. The multifunctional slope protection scour simulation test device of the present invention solves the problem that the prior art cannot simultaneously adjust the slope of the slope protection and maintain its own stability, and cannot efficiently simulate the gravel slope protection and ecological slope protection; 8. The multi-stage flow guide device provided in the present invention eliminates the influence of turbulence on the test and improves the accuracy and reliability of the test results; 9. The present invention improves the flexibility and accuracy of the test through multifunctional slope protection scour simulation and multi-stage diversion box control technology, and can better simulate the complex situations in actual engineering; 10. The research results of this invention can provide a reference for the design of river ecological bank protection projects, and provide important theoretical and technical support for ensuring the safe operation of large reservoirs in my country, effectively implementing disaster prevention and mitigation, and protecting the ecological environment; 11. The technical solution of the present invention is innovative in the field of slope scour simulation test and has promoted the development and progress of related technologies. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and implementation examples: Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 A top view of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the plant maintenance trough, the gravel trough, and the lifting shaft of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the sediment collection area of ​​the present invention; Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the propeller guide box of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the first flow guide box of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the second guide box water tank of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first water retaining plate / the second water retaining plate of the present invention; Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first filter plate / the second filter plate of the present invention; In the figure: a circulating water tank 1, a propeller guide box 2, a first guide box 3, a second guide box 4, a plant maintenance tank 5, a gravel tank 6, a lifting shaft 7, a first water baffle 8, a first drainage valve 9, a second filter plate 10, a second water baffle 11, a first drainage valve 12, a high-speed camera 13, a water body monitoring device 14, a first filter plate 15, a hinge 21, a lifting slider 22, a wire rope 23, a support frame 24, a slide rail 25, a propeller 30, a positive cross guide plate 31, an oblique cross guide plate 32, a plane guide plate 33, a water baffle body 41, an inflatable rubber ring 42, an inflation port 43, a filter plate frame 44, a filter screen 45, a first drainage port 50, a second drainage port 51, and a fan-shaped sediment collecting plate 55. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments: Example 1 like Figures 1 to 9 As shown, a circulating water tank test device for simulating lateral water flow scouring slope protection includes: A circulating water tank 1, one end of which is provided with a propeller guide box 2, in which a propeller 30 is installed for generating water flow; The first guide box 3 and the second guide box 4 are sequentially arranged on the right side of the propeller guide box 2 to adjust the flow pattern of the water flow; The plant maintenance trough 5 is arranged on the right side of the second guide box 4. A gravel trough 6 is arranged at the lower part of the plant maintenance trough 5. The gravel trough 6 is connected to the lifting slider 22 through a hinge 21, and is connected to the slider through a hinge. The lifting slider 22 is fixed inside the slide rail 25 and connected to the wire rope 23. The wire rope 23 is fixedly wound on the lifting shaft 7. The lifting and lowering of the gravel trough 6 and the plant maintenance trough 5 is achieved by adjusting the lifting shaft 7, thereby adjusting the slope of the slope protection; The sediment collection area is arranged on the right side of the plant maintenance trough 5, and includes a first filter plate 15, a second filter plate 10, a second water retaining plate 11 and a first water retaining plate 8. The first water retaining plate 8 and the second water retaining plate 11 are sealed by an inflatable rubber ring 42. A first drain port 50 is arranged at the bottom of the sediment collection area for discharging and collecting eroded sediment particles; A high-speed camera 13 is provided outside the circulating water tank 1 to record the flushing process; A second drain port 51 is provided at the end of the tail water section of the circulating water tank 1 for discharging tail water.

[0023] In this embodiment, the circulating water tank 1 includes a water tank frame, both ends of which are arranged in a semicircular shape. A sealed peripheral wall is arranged around the water tank frame. The sealed peripheral wall is made of transparent tempered glass and organic glass. The straight section of the side wall is made of tempered glass, and the arc section is made of organic glass. The tempered glass and the organic glass are sealed and connected together. The water tank frame is provided with a bottom plate, and the bottom plate includes a fan-shaped sediment collection plate 55 arranged in the sediment collection area.

[0024] Furthermore, the sediment collection area is provided with a first drain outlet 50, the first drain outlet 50 is installed with a first drain pipe, the first drain pipe is provided with a first drain valve 9, and a second drain outlet 51 is provided at the end of the tail water section of the circulating water tank 1, the second drain outlet 51 is installed with a second drain pipe, and the second drain pipe is provided with a second drain valve 12.

[0025] Furthermore, a regular cross guide plate 31 and an oblique cross guide plate 32 are sequentially arranged inside the first guide box 3 from left to right.

[0026] Furthermore, a plurality of planar guide plates 33 are arranged at intervals from top to bottom inside the second guide box 4 .

[0027] Furthermore, the lifting shaft 7 is fixed on a support frame 24, and a water body monitoring device 14 is arranged on the support frame 24. The water body monitoring device 14 includes a flow meter and a turbidity meter.

[0028] Furthermore, the high-speed shooting device 13 is a high-speed motion camera, which is used to shoot and record the underwater erosion process of plants and gravel in coordination with the slope protection, and collect data synchronously.

[0029] Furthermore, the first water baffle plate 8 includes a water baffle plate body 41 , and an inflatable rubber ring 42 is installed around the water baffle plate body 41 for isolating water bodies on both sides. The inflatable rubber ring 42 is provided with an inflation hole 43 . The structure of the second water baffle plate 11 is the same as that of the first water baffle plate 8 .

[0030] Furthermore, the first filter plate 15 includes a filter plate frame 44 and a filter net 45 , and the structure of the second filter plate 10 is the same as that of the first filter plate 15 .

[0031] Example 2 In another preferred embodiment, based on the above embodiment 1, Figures 1 to 8 As shown, a lateral water flow scouring slope protection circulating water flume test method is to use a lateral water flow scouring slope protection circulating water flume test device as described in any one of the above, and the experimental method includes the following steps: Step 1: Adjust the flow velocity, flow pattern and water depth of the open channel water flow, obtain the cross-sectional flow velocity at the gravel tank 6 through the propeller flow meter arranged by the water body monitoring device 14, connect the propeller 30 to the power supply, turn the control knob to adjust the speed of the propeller 30 to adjust the flow velocity of the circulating water tank, keep the speed constant, adjust the distance between the first guide box 2 and the outlet of the propeller 30, eliminate most of the turbulence, preliminarily adjust the flow pattern of the open channel water flow, then adjust the distance between the second guide box 3 and the first guide box 2 and the number of horizontal guide plates 33 in the second guide box 3, and further adjust the flow pattern of the open channel water flow until the cross-sectional flow velocity distribution, water flow pattern and water depth at the outlet of the second guide box 3 reach a stable state; Step 2: Conduct a gravel layer scouring test. Before the scouring test, only the first filter plate 15 is installed, and the propeller 30 is started to scour the gravel tank 6; Step 3: Erosion process monitoring and gravel particle collection. The movement of gravel particles in the gravel trough 6 is captured by the high-speed camera 13. The gravel particles intercepted by the first filter plate 15 are collected. The number of gravel particles that are displaced after scouring for a period of time is counted. The ratio of the number of unstable particles to the total number of particles can reflect the stability of gravel layers with different particle sizes. The stable particle size range of gravel under different flow rates and slope protection slopes can be obtained. The gravel scouring test results can provide a reference for the subsequent plant and gravel collaborative slope protection design scheme; Step 4: Carry out the scouring test of the coordinated slope protection of plants and gravel, install the plant maintenance trough 5, insert the first filter plate 15 and the second filter plate 10, adjust the slope protection slope, and before the scouring test, lay soil and gravel layers in the plant maintenance trough 5, and cultivate slope protection plants in the plant maintenance trough 5, insert the plant maintenance trough 5 with well-developed plants into the gravel trough 6, rotate the lifting shaft 7, and pull the lifting slider 22 to move vertically between the fixed slide rails 25 through the steel wire rope 23. The lifting slider 22 is connected to the steel hinge 21, and the rotation of the steel hinge 21 drives the gravel trough 6 to move to achieve the adjustment of the slope protection of the coordinated slope protection of plants and gravel in the plant maintenance trough 5; Step 5: Erosion index monitoring, start the propeller 30 to flush the plant maintenance tank 5, measure the real-time water flow velocity and water turbidity through the flow meter and turbidity meter arranged by the water monitoring device 14, and capture the movement of sediment particles and gravel particles in the plant maintenance tank 5 through the high-speed camera 13; Step 6: Count the erosion of the bank slope soil, collect the eroded sediment particles in the bank slope soil in the plant maintenance groove 5 after the lateral water flow scours for a period of time, and the steps are as follows: first, lower the first water baffle 8 and the second water baffle 11, and then pump air into the inflatable rubber ring 42 through the inflation hole 43 until the first water baffle 8 and the second water baffle 11 completely isolate the water bodies on both sides. At this time, remove the second filter plate 10, and then use the water between the first water baffle 8 and the second water baffle 11 to wash the remaining sediment particles on the second filter plate 10, and then open the first drainage valve 9 to empty the water between the first water baffle 8 and the second water baffle 11. At this time, the sediment particles are deposited on the fan-shaped sediment collection plate 55, and finally the fan-shaped sediment collection plate 55 is taken out and weighed. The weight change of the fan-shaped sediment collection plate 55 before and after the test is the erosion of the bank slope soil. The erosion amount divided by the scouring time can obtain the weight of the eroded sediment particles of the bank slope soil per unit time. This indicator reflects the anti-erosion effect of the plant and gravel synergistic slope protection; Step 7: Repeat the collection of silt particles at regular intervals. After the first collection of silt particles is completed, take out the gravel particles intercepted by the first filter plate 15, reinstall the fan-shaped silt collection plate 55 and the second filter plate 10, and inject water flow between the first water baffle 8 and the second water baffle 11 to make the regional water level consistent with the water level in the open channel. At this time, the gas in the inflatable rubber ring 42 is discharged through the inflation hole 43, and then the first water baffle 8 and the second water baffle 11 are pumped out, and the propeller 30 is started to continue the scouring test. This design can eliminate the interference of gravel through the above-mentioned multi-stage filter setting, accurately filter the eroded silt particles of the bank slope soil, and realize the function of continuously collecting the eroded silt particles of the bank slope soil without disturbing the plant maintenance trough 5 during the scouring process. The scouring test of plant and gravel slope protection reflects the anti-erosion performance of plant and gravel slope protection under lateral water flow. The scouring test was carried out on plant maintenance trough 5 with different gravel particle sizes and gravel layer thicknesses, and the slope protection design scheme with better anti-erosion effect suitable for different working conditions could be obtained. Step 8: After the flushing test is completed, open the second drain valve 12 to drain the water in the open channel.

[0032] Example 3 In another preferred embodiment, based on the above-mentioned embodiments 1 and 2, this embodiment describes in detail the specific structure of a circulating water tank test device for simulating lateral water flow scouring slope protection, and the working process of using the same for testing.

[0033] 1. Structural composition of the device The device of this embodiment mainly includes the following parts: a circulating water tank 1, a propeller guide box 2, a first guide box 3, a second guide box 4, a slope protection scouring trough including a plant maintenance trough 5 and a gravel trough 6, a sediment collection area, a water retaining plate including a first water retaining plate 8 and a second water retaining plate 11, and auxiliary equipment such as a lifting shaft 7, a high-speed shooting device 13, etc.

[0034] Circulating water tank 1: As the main part of the whole device, the circulating water tank 1 is supported by a steel frame structure, and the upright wall is made of tempered glass, which is convenient for observing the internal water flow and slope scouring; the curved wall is made of organic glass to increase the stability and durability of the structure.

[0035] Propeller guide box 2: It is arranged at one end of the circulating water tank 1, and contains a propeller 30 and a cylindrical channel. The propeller 30 is driven by a motor to generate water flow, and the water flows into the subsequent guide box through the cylindrical channel.

[0036] The first guide box 3 and the second guide box 4: The first guide box 3 is formed by rotating and splicing the front and rear positive cross guide plates 31 and the oblique cross guide plates 32. By adjusting the distance between the guide plates, the initial flow direction and flow velocity distribution of the water flow can be controlled. In the second guide box 4, the distance between the guide plates is controlled by the number of inserted parallel guide plates 33, so as to further adjust the flow state of the water flow, eliminate turbulence, and make the water flow smoother.

[0037] Slope protection flushing trough: includes plant maintenance trough 5 and gravel trough 6. Plant maintenance trough 5 can be installed in gravel trough 6. Both are connected with lifting slider 22 through hinge 21. Lifting slider 22 is fixed inside slide rail 25 and connected with lifting shaft 7 through steel wire rope 23 to realize vertical lifting adjustment to simulate slope protection with different slopes.

[0038] Sediment collection area: It is arranged on the right side of the slope protection scouring groove, including the first water retaining plate 8, the first filter plate 15, the second water retaining plate 11 and the second filter plate 10. The first water retaining plate 8 and the second water retaining plate 11 are both arranged so that an inflatable rubber ring 42 is installed around the water retaining plate body 41. The inflatable rubber ring 42 is inflated to isolate the water bodies on both sides, so as to facilitate sediment collection.

[0039] Ancillary equipment: A flow meter and a turbidity meter are provided in the circulating water tank 1 for real-time measurement of water flow velocity and water turbidity; at the same time, a high-speed camera 13 is provided for recording the erosion process of the underwater plants and gravels in cooperation with the slope protection.

[0040] 2. Working process of testing with device Multifunctional bank slope plate adjustment: by rotating the lifting shaft 7 and pulling the wire rope 23 to drive the lifting slider 22 to move, and then dragging the gravel trough 6 and the plant maintenance trough 5 to move vertically upward or downward, the slope of the slope protection trough can be adjusted. This design can simulate the scouring test of gravel layer slope protection and plant-gravel slope protection with different slopes.

[0041] Lateral water flow pattern control: Start the motor in the propeller guide box 2 in the water flow propulsion area to drive the propeller 30 to generate water flow. By adjusting the spacing and number of guide plates in the first guide box 3 and the second guide box 4, the flow direction and flow velocity distribution of the water flow are controlled to eliminate turbulence, so that the water flow forms a stable flow in front of the slope protection board that conforms to the flow velocity distribution law of the river section.

[0042] Sediment collection: During the test, the gravel particles and sediment particles of the slope soil washed and eroded by the slope protection will be carried into the sediment collection area by the water flow; by lowering the first water retaining plate 8 and the second water retaining plate 11, and inflating the inflatable rubber ring 42 of the water retaining plate, the water bodies on both sides are isolated; then the first drain valve 9 is opened to drain the water in the sediment collection area, and the sediment particles can be intercepted and collected by the screen; after the collection is completed, the water level in the collection area is restored and the water retaining plate is removed, and the device can be operated again.

[0043] Data recording and analysis: During the test, the flow rate and turbidity of the water body were measured and recorded in real time by a flow meter and a turbidity meter. At the same time, a high-speed camera 13 was used to record the erosion process of the slope protection by the combination of underwater plants and gravel. These data will be used for subsequent analysis and research to evaluate the anti-erosion performance of the slope protection structure.

[0044] The device has the advantages of versatility, high stability and easy operation, and can be widely used in the design and research of river ecological bank protection projects.

[0045] In the preferred solution, the circulating water tank 1 includes a water tank frame, the two ends of which are arranged in a semicircular shape, and a sealed peripheral wall is arranged around the water tank frame. The sealed peripheral wall is made of transparent tempered glass and organic glass, the straight section of the side wall is made of tempered glass, and the arc section is made of organic glass. The tempered glass and the organic glass are sealed and connected together, and the water tank frame is provided with a bottom plate, and the bottom plate includes a fan-shaped sediment collection plate 55 arranged in the sediment collection area; the above arrangement, In the preferred scheme, the sediment collection area is provided with a first drain outlet 50, the first drain outlet 50 is installed with a first drain pipe, the first drain pipe is provided with a first drain valve 9, and the end of the tail water section of the circulating water tank 1 is provided with a second drain outlet 51, the second drain outlet 51 is installed with a second drain pipe, and the second drain pipe is provided with a second drain valve 12; the above arrangement ensures that the water in the sediment collection area and the circulating water tank 1 can be flexibly controlled for discharge, which not only ensures the normal operation of the equipment, but also facilitates cleaning and maintenance. At the same time, through valve control, the recycling of water resources can be realized to improve resource utilization efficiency.

[0046] In a preferred embodiment, a positive cross guide plate 31 and an oblique cross guide plate 32 are sequentially arranged from left to right inside the first guide box 3; the above arrangement enables the fluid to be initially diverted and mixed by the positive cross guide plate 31 after entering the first guide box 3, and then the fluid further refines the flow path under the guidance of the oblique cross guide plate 32, thereby enhancing the mixing effect between the fluids and improving the overall processing efficiency.

[0047] In the preferred solution, a number of planar guide plates 33 are arranged at intervals from top to bottom inside the second guide box 4; the above arrangement can effectively guide and disperse the water flow entering the second guide box 4, ensure uniform distribution of the water flow, reduce eddy currents and resistance, and improve the overall heat exchange efficiency. At the same time, the spacing design of the planar guide plates 33 is precisely calculated to maximize the use of space and optimize the water flow path.

[0048] In the preferred solution, the lifting shaft 7 is fixed on the support frame 24, and a water body monitoring device 14 is arranged on the support frame 24, and the water body monitoring device 14 includes a flow meter and a turbidity meter; the above setting can monitor the flow rate and turbidity changes of the water body in real time and accurately, ensure the timely acquisition and analysis of water quality data, provide a scientific basis for water environment protection and management, and enhance the intelligent monitoring and management capabilities of the system.

[0049] In the preferred solution, the high-speed shooting device 13 is a high-speed motion camera, which is used to shoot underwater and record the erosion process of plants and gravel in coordination with the slope protection, and collect data synchronously; the above settings, combined with high-definition video analysis software, can accurately capture the erosion dynamics, quantitatively analyze the impact of plant roots and gravel layers on soil stability, provide scientific data support for ecological slope protection projects, optimize design solutions, and improve protection effects.

[0050] In the preferred scheme, the first water baffle 8 includes a water baffle body 41, and an inflatable rubber ring 42 is installed around the water baffle body 41 for isolating the water bodies on both sides. The inflatable rubber ring 42 is provided with an inflation hole 43, and the structure of the second water baffle 11 is the same as that of the first water baffle 8; the above arrangement enables the two water baffles to be quickly expanded by inflation when needed, closely fit the surrounding structure, effectively block the water flow, and improve flood control efficiency and safety; at the same time, the design of the inflation hole 43 facilitates rapid inflation and deflation, and realizes flexible deployment and recovery.

[0051] In the preferred solution, the first filter plate 15 includes a filter plate frame 44 and a filter screen 45, and the second filter plate 10 has the same structure as the first filter plate 15; the above arrangement not only ensures the stability and reliability of the filtration system, but also facilitates maintenance and replacement; the fine design of the filter screen 45 can effectively intercept impurities and improve the filtration efficiency, while the solid structure of the filter plate frame 44 ensures the overall strength and durability.

[0052] In summary, the present invention provides a circulating water tank test device and method for simulating lateral water flow scouring of slope protection, which solves many technical defects existing in the prior art in the process of simulating lateral water flow scouring of bank slopes. Specifically, the prior art cannot simultaneously achieve the adjustment of slope gradient and the maintenance of its own stability, cannot efficiently simulate the scouring process of gravel slope protection and ecological slope protection, cannot effectively control the flow state of water flow section to eliminate the influence of turbulence on the test, and cannot quickly and accurately collect eroded sediment particles to obtain accurate erosion data; the multifunctional slope protection simulation designed by the present invention combines slope gradient adjustment with stability maintenance for the first time, and realizes efficient simulation of gravel slope protection and ecological slope protection; the designed precise water flow state control, through the multi-stage guide box design, effectively solves the influence of turbulence on the test results, and makes the water flow velocity distribution closer to the natural state; its fast and accurate sediment collection technology adopts multi-stage The filter screen and water retaining plate isolation technology realizes the rapid and accurate collection of eroded sediment particles during the scouring process; the design of the angle-adjustable slope plate of the present invention realizes the flexible adjustment of the slope of the slope plate through the slider 22 system connected by the lifting shaft 7 and the wire rope 23, and solves the problem of poor stability of the slope plate in the prior art; its multi-stage guide box control technology realizes the precise control of the water flow state by adjusting the number and spacing of the guide plates, and eliminates the influence of turbulence on the test results; its comprehensive simulation system not only simulates the slope scouring and erosion process, but also integrates the functions of water flow velocity and flow state control, sediment particle collection, etc., to form a complete lateral water flow scouring slope circulating water tank test system; the present invention greatly improves the accuracy and efficiency of the test through innovative design, provides strong technical support for research in the fields of water conservancy engineering and environmental science, and is expected to promote the further development and application of slope protection engineering technology.

Claims

1. A circulating water tank test device simulating lateral water flow scouring slope protection, It is characterized in that include: A circulating water tank (1) is provided with a propeller guide box (2) at one end thereof, and a propeller (30) is installed in the propeller guide box (2) for generating a water flow; A first flow guide box (3) and a second flow guide box (4) are sequentially arranged on the right side of the propeller flow guide box (2) and are used to adjust the flow pattern of water flow; The plant maintenance trough (5) is arranged on the right side of the second guide box (4), and a gravel trough (6) is arranged at the lower part of the plant maintenance trough (5). The gravel trough (6) is connected to the lifting slider (22) through a hinge (21), and is connected to the slider through a hinge. The lifting slider (22) is fixed inside the slide rail (25) and connected to the steel wire rope (23). The steel wire rope (23) is fixedly wound on the lifting shaft (7). The gravel trough (6) and the plant maintenance trough (5) are lifted and lowered by adjusting the lifting shaft (7), thereby adjusting the slope gradient of the slope protection; A sediment collection area is arranged on the right side of the plant maintenance trough (5), comprising a first filter plate (15), a second filter plate (10), a second water retaining plate (11) and a first water retaining plate (8), wherein the first water retaining plate (8) and the second water retaining plate (11) are sealed by an inflatable rubber ring (42), and a first drainage port (50) is arranged at the bottom of the sediment collection area for discharging and collecting eroded sediment particles; A high-speed camera (13) is arranged outside the circulating water tank (1) to record the flushing process; A second drain port (51) is provided at the end of the tail water section of the circulating water tank (1) for discharging tail water.

2. A circulating water tank test device for simulating lateral water flow scouring slope protection according to claim 1, Features: The circulating water tank (1) comprises a water tank frame, the two ends of which are arranged in a semicircular shape. The water tank frame is provided with a sealed peripheral wall around it, and the sealed peripheral wall is made of transparent tempered glass and organic glass. The water tank frame is provided with a bottom plate, and the bottom plate includes a fan-shaped sediment collection plate (55) arranged in the sediment collection area.

3. A circulating water tank test device for simulating lateral water flow scouring slope protection according to claim 2, Features: The sediment collection area is provided with a first drainage outlet (50), the first drainage outlet (50) is equipped with a first drainage pipe, and the first drainage pipe is provided with a first drainage valve (9); a second drainage outlet (51) is provided at the end of the tailwater section of the circulating water tank (1), the second drainage outlet (51) is equipped with a second drainage pipe, and the second drainage pipe is provided with a second drainage valve (12).

4. A circulating water tank test device for simulating lateral water flow scouring slope protection according to claim 1, Features: A regular cross guide plate (31) and an oblique cross guide plate (32) are arranged in sequence from left to right inside the first guide box (3).

5. A circulating water tank test device for simulating lateral water flow scouring slope protection according to claim 1, Features: A plurality of planar flow guide plates (33) are arranged at intervals from top to bottom inside the second flow guide box (4).

6. A circulating water tank test device for simulating lateral water flow scouring slope protection according to claim 1, Features: The lifting shaft (7) is fixed on a support frame (24), and a water body monitoring device (14) is arranged on the support frame (24). The water body monitoring device (14) comprises a flow meter and a turbidity meter.

7. A circulating water tank test device for simulating lateral water flow scouring slope protection according to claim 1, Features: The high-speed shooting device (13) is a high-speed motion camera, which is used to shoot and record the underwater erosion process of plants and gravel in coordination with the slope protection, and collect data synchronously.

8. A circulating water tank test device for simulating lateral water flow scouring slope protection according to claim 1, Features: The first water baffle (8) comprises a water baffle body (41), an inflatable rubber ring (42) is installed around the water baffle body (41) for isolating water bodies on both sides, and an inflation hole (43) is provided on the inflatable rubber ring (42). The second water baffle (11) has the same structure as the first water baffle (8).

9. A circulating water tank test device for simulating lateral water flow scouring slope protection according to claim 1, Features: The first filter plate (15) comprises a filter plate frame (44) and a filter screen (45), and the second filter plate (10) has the same structure as the first filter plate (15).

10. A circulating water tank test method for simulating lateral water flow scouring a slope protection, comprising: using a circulating water tank test device for simulating lateral water flow scouring a slope protection as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, It is characterized in that The experimental method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Adjust the flow velocity, flow pattern and water depth of the open channel water flow. Obtain the cross-sectional flow velocity at the gravel tank (6) through the propeller-type flow meter arranged in the water body monitoring device (14). Connect the propeller (30) to the power supply, turn the control knob to adjust the speed of the propeller (30) to adjust the flow velocity of the circulating water tank, keep the speed constant, adjust the distance between the first guide box (2) and the outlet of the propeller (30), eliminate most of the turbulence and preliminarily adjust the flow pattern of the open channel water flow, then adjust the distance between the second guide box (3) and the first guide box (2) and the number of horizontal guide plates (33) in the second guide box (3), and further adjust the flow pattern of the open channel water flow until the cross-sectional flow velocity distribution, water flow pattern and water depth at the outlet of the second guide box (3) reach a stable state; Step 2: Conducting a gravel layer scouring test, before the scouring test, only installing the first filter plate (15), and starting the propeller (30) to scour the gravel tank (6); Step 3: Erosion process monitoring and gravel particle collection. The movement of gravel particles in the gravel trough (6) is captured by a high-speed camera (13). The gravel particles intercepted by the first filter plate (15) are collected. The number of gravel particles that are displaced after a period of scouring is counted. The ratio of the number of unstable particles to the total number of particles can reflect the stability of gravel layers with different particle sizes. The stable particle size range of gravel under different flow rates and slope protection slopes can be obtained. The gravel scouring test results can provide a reference for the subsequent design of plant and gravel coordinated slope protection. Step 4: Conduct a scouring test for the coordinated slope protection of plants and gravel, install a plant maintenance trough (5), insert a first filter plate (15) and a second filter plate (10), and adjust the slope protection slope. Before the scouring test, lay soil and gravel layers in the plant maintenance trough (5), and cultivate slope protection plants in the plant maintenance trough (5). Insert the plant maintenance trough (5) with well-developed plants into the gravel trough (6), rotate the lifting shaft (7), and use the steel wire rope (23) to pull the lifting slider (22) to move vertically between the fixed slide rails (25). The lifting slider (22) is connected to the steel hinge (21), and the rotation of the steel hinge (21) drives the gravel trough (6) to move, so as to achieve the adjustment of the slope protection coordinated by plants and gravel in the plant maintenance trough (5); Step 5: Erosion index monitoring, starting the propeller (30) to flush the plant maintenance tank (5), measuring the real-time water flow velocity and water turbidity through the flow meter and turbidity meter arranged by the water monitoring device (14), and capturing the movement of sediment particles and gravel particles in the plant maintenance tank (5) through the high-speed camera (13); Step 6: Count the amount of soil erosion on the bank slope, collect the eroded sediment particles on the bank slope soil in the plant maintenance trough (5) after the lateral water flow has washed for a period of time, and the steps are as follows: first, lower the first water baffle (8) and the second water baffle (11), and then pump air into the inflatable rubber ring (42) through the inflation hole (43) until the first water baffle (8) and the second water baffle (11) are completely isolated from the water bodies on both sides. At this time, remove the second filter plate (10), and then use the water between the first water baffle (8) and the second water baffle (11) to clean the second filter plate. The remaining silt particles on the plate (10) are removed, and then the first drainage valve (9) is opened to drain the water between the first water retaining plate (8) and the second water retaining plate (11). At this time, the silt particles are deposited on the fan-shaped silt collecting plate (55). Finally, the fan-shaped silt collecting plate (55) is taken out and weighed. The weight change of the fan-shaped silt collecting plate (55) before and after the test is the erosion amount of the bank slope soil. The erosion amount is divided by the scouring time to obtain the weight of the eroded silt particles of the bank slope soil per unit time. This index reflects the anti-erosion effect of the coordinated slope protection of plants and gravel; Step 7: Collect the sediment particles repeatedly at regular intervals. After the first collection of the sediment particles is completed, remove the gravel particles intercepted by the first filter plate (15), reinstall the fan-shaped sediment collection plate (55) and the second filter plate (10), inject water flow between the first water baffle plate (8) and the second water baffle plate (11) to make the regional water level consistent with the water level in the open channel. At this time, discharge the gas in the inflatable rubber ring (42) through the inflation hole (43), then remove the first water baffle plate (8) and the second water baffle plate (11), and start the propeller (30) to continue the scouring test; Step 8: After the flushing test is completed, open the second drain valve (12) to drain the water from the open channel.

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