Display components, display devices, and vehicles

Abstract

This application discloses a display component, display device, and vehicle, relating to the display field, and solves the problem of high assembly cost of 3D display components. The specific solution involves: obtaining first polarized light from light emitted from a sub-pixel and second polarized light from background light, with the polarization directions of the first and second polarized light perpendicular to each other. A beam-splitting modulation structure directly illuminates the second polarized light; and deflects the first polarized light from different sub-pixels, emitting it in different directions. This beam-splitting modulation structure does not need to avoid any beams emitted from the display layer, has low assembly precision requirements, and low assembly cost. The period width of the beam-splitting modulation structure is not limited by the period width of an integer pixel. A single-cycle beam-splitting modulation structure can cover multiple integer pixels, providing a basis for the display component to display multi-viewpoint or super-multi-viewpoint 3D images. The beam-splitting modulation structure can be configured with a controller to achieve switching between 3D and 2D modes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of display, and more particularly to a display component, display device, and vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Three-dimensional (3D) display technology can make the output images more realistic and immersive, giving viewers a sense of being there. Among these, glasses-free 3D display technology allows viewers to enjoy 3D effects without wearing glasses or helmets, making it suitable for a wide range of applications. Glasses-free 3D display technologies include light barrier 3D display technology, lenticular lens 3D display technology, integrated imaging display technology, holographic display technology, and directional backlight 3D display technology.

[0003] Among them, the assembly cost of display devices for glasses-free 3D displays needs to be reduced. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a display component, a display device, and a vehicle, reducing the assembly cost of the display component.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a display component. The display component includes a display layer, a polarization structure, and a beam-splitting modulation structure. The display layer includes a light-transmitting portion and a light-emitting device interconnected. The polarization structure is located on the light-emitting side of the display layer. The portion of the polarization structure covering the light-emitting device is used to emit first polarized light, and the portion covering the light-transmitting portion is used to emit second polarized light. The transmission direction of the first polarized light is a first direction; the transmission direction of the second polarized light is a second direction; the polarization directions of the first and second polarized lights are perpendicular to each other. The beam-splitting modulation structure is located on the light-emitting side of the polarization structure. The beam-splitting modulation structure is connected to the light-emitting side of the polarization structure; the beam-splitting modulation structure is used to emit the first polarized light with a third transmission direction; and also to emit the second polarized light with a second transmission direction; the first and third directions are different. Thus, light emitted from the light-transmitting portion becomes second polarized light after passing through the polarization structure, and the beam-splitting modulation structure does not change the transmission direction of the second polarized light; light emitted from the light-emitting device becomes first polarized light after passing through the polarization structure, and the beam-splitting modulation structure changes the transmission direction of the first polarized light. Light emitted from different positions within the emitter enters the beam-splitting modulation structure at different angles of incidence. After being altered by the beam-splitting modulation structure, the light emitted from different positions within the emitter also exits in different directions. Therefore, light emitted from different positions within the emitter propagates to different areas on the light-emitting side of the display component, and light emitted from different emitters propagates to different areas on the light-emitting side of the display component. Due to the distance between the left and right eyes, the light received by the viewer's left and right eyes comes from different light-emitting areas of the emitter (or from different emitters). When the display layer plays a 3D image, the viewer can view the 3D image. In other words, this display component has the function of displaying 3D images, and at the same time, the display component does not change the transmission direction of light passing through the light-transmitting part. Light away from the viewing surface of the display component can pass through the light-transmitting part and enter the viewer's eye, allowing the viewer to view the 3D image while simultaneously viewing objects behind the display component. Both the light emitted from the light-transmitting section and the light emitted from the light-emitting device are incident on the beam-splitting modulation structure after passing through the polarization structure. During installation, the beam-splitting modulation structure does not need to avoid any beams emitted from the display layer; it only needs to ensure that all light emitted from the display layer passes through it. This reduces the assembly precision requirements of the beam-splitting modulation structure and lowers the assembly cost of the display assembly. Furthermore, since all beams from the display layer are incident on the beam-splitting modulation structure, manufacturing or assembly errors in the beam-splitting modulation structure have minimal impact on the optical path, ensuring excellent display performance of the display assembly.

[0007] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some feasible embodiments, the beam-splitting modulation structure includes a first liquid crystal layer and a modulation layer. The polarization structure, the first liquid crystal layer, and the modulation layer are stacked sequentially away from the display layer. Alternatively, the polarization structure, the modulation layer, and the first liquid crystal layer are stacked sequentially away from the display layer. The surface of the first liquid crystal layer facing the modulation layer is a first curved surface, and the surface of the modulation layer facing the first liquid crystal layer is a second curved surface, with the first curved surface and the second curved surface in contact. The liquid crystal molecules are located within the first liquid crystal layer. The refractive index of the modulation layer is the same as the ordinary light refractive index of the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer; the polarization direction of the first polarized light is parallel to the director of the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer; or, the refractive index of the modulation layer is the same as the extraordinary light refractive index of the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer, and the polarization direction of the first polarized light is perpendicular to the director of the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer. Because the polarization direction of the first polarized light is parallel to the director of the liquid crystal molecules, the liquid crystal molecules exhibit an extraordinary light refractive index for the first polarized light. The refractive index of the modulation layer is the same as the ordinary refractive index of the liquid crystal molecules. Because the extraordinary refractive index differs from the ordinary refractive index, the refractive index of the first polarized light differs on both sides of the first curved surface. The first liquid crystal layer and the modulation layer act as convex lenses for the first polarized light, and the transmission direction of the first polarized light is changed after passing through them. Since the polarization direction of the second polarized light is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the first polarized light, and the polarization direction of the second polarized light is perpendicular to the director of the liquid crystal molecules, the liquid crystal molecules exhibit the ordinary refractive index for the second polarized light. The first liquid crystal layer and the modulation layer act as light-transmitting elements for the second polarized light, and the transmission direction of the second polarized light remains unchanged after passing through them. Alternatively, the refractive index of the modulation layer is the same as the extraordinary refractive index, the polarization direction of the first polarized light is perpendicular to the director of the liquid crystal molecules, the liquid crystal molecules exhibit the ordinary refractive index for the first polarized light, and the refractive index of the first polarized light differs on both sides of the first curved surface. In this case, the first liquid crystal layer and the modulation layer act as convex lenses for the first polarized light. Both the modulation layer and the liquid crystal molecules have unusual refractive indices for the second polarized light, thus acting as light-transmitting elements for the second polarized light.

[0008] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some feasible implementations, the beam-splitting modulation structure further includes a first electrode and a second electrode located on both sides of the first liquid crystal layer. If the potential difference between the first electrode and the second electrode is a first voltage, the polarization direction of the first polarized light is parallel to the director of the liquid crystal molecules. If the potential difference between the first electrode and the second electrode is a second voltage, the polarization directions of both the first polarized light and the second polarized light are perpendicular to the director of the liquid crystal molecules. Thus, if the potential difference between the first electrode and the second electrode is the first voltage, the first liquid crystal layer and the modulation layer act as convex lenses for the first polarized light, deflecting the first polarized light incident at different positions and emitting it in different directions. The light received by the viewer's left eye is different from the light received by their right eye, enabling the display component to display a three-dimensional image. When the polarization directions of both the first polarized light and the second polarized light are perpendicular to the director of the liquid crystal molecules, the first liquid crystal layer and the modulation layer act as light-transmitting elements for both the first and second polarized light. The light received by the viewer's left and right eyes comes from the same light-emitting device, enabling the display component to display two-dimensional images. Thus, the two-dimensional and three-dimensional modes of the display component can be switched via a controller.

[0009] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some feasible implementations, the beam-splitting modulation structure includes a first electrode group, a second liquid crystal layer, and multiple liquid crystal molecules. The first electrode group includes multiple electrically isolated conductive sheets, and the multiple liquid crystal molecules are located within the second liquid crystal layer; the light-incident surface and the light-exit surface of the second liquid crystal layer are parallel to each other. The light-incident surface of the second liquid crystal layer faces the polarization structure. Along the edge of the light-incident surface of the second liquid crystal layer to its geometric center, if the voltage received by the multiple conductive sheets gradually decreases, the director of the liquid crystal molecules gradually deflects. For the first polarized light, the multiple liquid crystal molecules generate a gradient refractive index distribution, which is parabolic. The beam-splitting modulation structure acts as a convex lens for the first polarized light, deflecting the first polarized light from different light-emitting devices and emitting it at different angles. When the display layer plays a three-dimensional image, the viewer can view the three-dimensional image. For the second polarized light, the director of each liquid crystal molecule is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the second polarized light. The beam-splitting modulation structure acts as a light-transmitting element for the second polarized light, allowing light rays away from the viewing surface of the display component to pass through the light-transmitting part and enter the viewer's eye, enabling the viewer to see both the 3D image and objects behind the display component. If the voltage received by multiple conductive sheets is equal, and the director of each liquid crystal molecule is parallel, the beam-splitting modulation structure acts as a light-transmitting element for both the first and second polarized light. The viewer can then view the 2D image displayed on the display layer and objects behind the display component.

[0010] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some feasible implementations, the polarization structure includes a first polarizer and a polarization converter. The polarization converter is stacked with the first polarizer along a side away from the display layer. The portion of the first polarizer covering the light-emitting device is used to emit third polarized light, and the portion covering the light-transmitting portion is used to emit fourth polarized light. The third polarized light has the same polarization direction as the first polarized light, and the projection of the polarization converter onto the surface of the display layer overlaps with the light-transmitting portion; the polarization converter is used to convert the fourth polarized light into the second polarized light. Alternatively, the fourth polarized light has the same polarization direction as the second polarized light, and the projection of the polarization converter onto the surface of the display layer overlaps with the light-emitting device; the polarization converter is used to convert the third polarized light into the first polarized light. Thus, the light beam emitted from the light-emitting device, after passing through the first polarizer and the polarization converter, emits first polarized light, and the light beam emitted from the light-transmitting portion, after passing through the first polarizer and the polarization converter, emits second polarized light.

[0011] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some feasible embodiments, the polarization converter includes a twisted nematic liquid crystal layer. Thus, the twisted nematic liquid crystal layer can deflect the polarization direction of polarized light by 90°.

[0012] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some feasible implementations, the polarization converter includes a half-wave plate. Thus, the half-wave plate can deflect the polarization direction of polarized light by 90°.

[0013] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some feasible embodiments, the display assembly further includes a first quarter-wave plate located between the light-emitting device and the polarization structure. Thus, the first quarter-wave plate can reduce the reflection of light propagating from the light-emitting side of the display assembly to the light-emitting device.

[0014] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a display component. The display component includes: a display layer, a beam splitting modulation structure, a second polarizer, and a polarizing assembly. The display layer includes a light-transmitting portion and a light-emitting device interconnected. The second polarizer is located on the light-emitting side of the sub-pixel and is used to emit first polarized light. The transmission direction of the first polarized light is a first direction. After the incident light passes through the polarizing assembly and the light-transmitting portion, second polarized light is emitted; the transmission direction of the second polarized light is a second direction; the polarization direction of the first polarized light and the polarization direction of the second polarized light are perpendicular to each other. The light-emitting side of the light-transmitting portion and the light-emitting side of the second polarizer are both connected to the beam splitting modulation structure; the beam splitting modulation structure is used to emit the first polarized light with a third transmission direction; it is also used to emit the second polarized light with a second transmission direction; the first direction and the third direction are different. The light-transmitting portion emits second polarized light, and the beam splitting modulation structure does not change the transmission direction of the second polarized light; the light emitted from the light-emitting device, after passing through the second polarizer, becomes first polarized light, and the beam splitting modulation structure changes the transmission direction of the first polarized light. Light emitted from different positions within the emitter enters the beam-splitting modulation structure at different angles of incidence. After being altered by the beam-splitting modulation structure, the light emitted from different positions within the emitter also exits in different directions. Therefore, light emitted from different positions within the emitter propagates to different areas on the light-emitting side of the display component, and light emitted from different emitters propagates to different areas on the light-emitting side of the display component. Due to the distance between the left and right eyes, the light received by the viewer's left and right eyes comes from different light-emitting areas (or different light-emitting devices) of the emitter. When the display layer displays a 3D image, the viewer can view the 3D image. In other words, this display component has the function of displaying 3D images, and at the same time, the display component does not change the transmission direction of light passing through the light-transmitting part. Light away from the viewing surface of the display component can pass through the light-transmitting part and enter the viewer's eye, allowing the viewer to view the 3D image while simultaneously viewing objects behind the display component. Both the light emitted from the light-transmitting section and the light emitted from the light-emitting device are incident on the beam-splitting modulation structure. During installation, the beam-splitting modulation structure does not need to avoid any beams emitted from the display layer; it only needs to ensure that all light emitted from the display layer passes through it. This reduces the assembly precision requirements of the beam-splitting modulation structure and lowers the assembly cost of the display assembly. Furthermore, since all beams from the display layer are incident on the beam-splitting modulation structure, manufacturing or assembly errors in the structure have minimal impact on the optical path, ensuring excellent display performance of the display assembly.

[0015] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some feasible embodiments, the polarizing assembly includes a third polarizer located on the incident light side of the light-transmitting portion. Thus, the incident light passes through the third polarizer and the light-transmitting portion before exiting as second polarized light.

[0016] In conjunction with the second aspect, in some feasible implementations, the polarizing assembly includes a fourth polarizer, a second quarter-wave plate, and a third quarter-wave plate; the second quarter-wave plate and the fourth polarizer are stacked sequentially close to the display layer, and the third quarter-wave plate is located between the second polarizer and the display layer, covering the light-transmitting portion and the light-emitting device; the incident light passes sequentially through the fourth polarizer, the light-transmitting portion of the second quarter-wave plate, and the third quarter-wave plate before exiting as the second polarized light. The third quarter-wave plate can reduce the reflection of light propagating from the light-emitting side of the display assembly to the light-emitting device.

[0017] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a display device, including a processor and any of the display components provided in the first and second aspects above, wherein the processor is used to send image data to the display module. Therefore, this display device possesses the advantages of the aforementioned display devices, offering excellent display performance and low manufacturing cost.

[0018] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a vehicle including a frame and any of the display devices provided in the third aspect above, the display devices being connected to the frame. Clearly, this vehicle also possesses the advantages of the aforementioned display devices. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1a This is a structural schematic diagram of a vehicle provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0020] Figure 1b This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an AR glasses.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display component provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display panel in related technologies.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the optical path structure of a pixel unit provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0025] Figure 6a This is a schematic diagram of a spectral modulation structure provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0026] Figure 6b This is a schematic diagram of the optical path of the first polarized light propagating within the beam-splitting modulation structure.

[0027] Figure 6c This is a schematic diagram of the optical path of the second polarized light propagating within the beam-splitting modulation structure.

[0028] Figure 6d This is a schematic diagram of another spectral modulation structure provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0029] Figure 6e for Figure 6d The diagram shows one operating state of the spectral modulation structure.

[0030] Figure 7a This is a schematic diagram of another spectral modulation structure provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0031] Figure 7b for Figure 7a The diagram shows one operating state of the spectral modulation structure.

[0032] Figure 7c for Figure 7a The diagram shows another operating state of the spectral modulation structure.

[0033] Figure 8a This is an exploded structural diagram of a display layer and a polarization structure provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0034] Figure 8b This is an exploded structural diagram of the display layer and another polarization structure provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0035] Figure 8c This is an exploded structural diagram of the display layer and another polarization structure provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0036] Figure 8d This is an exploded structural diagram of the display layer and another polarization structure provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0037] Figure 9a This is an exploded structural diagram of another display component provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0038] Figure 9b This is an exploded view of another display component provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0039] In the diagram: 01-Display panel; 02-Subpixel; 03-Transparent part; 04-Polarizing film; 05-Liquid crystal lens layer; 20-Vehicle; 21-Frame; 10-Display device; 11-Processor; 12-Object; 100-Display component; 110-Display layer; 101-Pixel unit; 102-Red polarized light; 103-Green polarized light; 104-Blue polarized light; 105-Second polarized light; 111-Light-transmitting part; 112-Light-emitting device; 120-Polarization structure; 130-Spectroscopy modulation structure; 131-First liquid crystal layer; 132-Modulation layer; 133-Liquid crystal lens layer; Crystal molecule; 135-First curved surface; 134-Second curved surface; 138-First controller; 136-First electrode; 137-Second electrode; 139-Second controller; 141-First electrode group; 142-Second electrode group; 143-Second liquid crystal layer; 150-1 / 4 wave plate; 121-First polarizer; 122-Polarization converter; 123-First conductive substrate; 124-Second conductive substrate; 125-Liquid crystal layer; 107-Fourth polarized light; 106-Third polarized light; 160-Second polarizer; 170-Third polarizer; 201-First polarized light. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0041] In the following description, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0042] Furthermore, in this application, directional terms such as "upper" and "lower" are defined relative to the orientation of the components shown in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these directional terms are relative concepts, used for relative description and clarification, and can change accordingly depending on the orientation of the components in the accompanying drawings.

[0043] Figure 1a This is a structural schematic diagram of a vehicle 20 provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1a As shown, vehicle 20 includes frame 21 and display device 10, and display device 10 and frame 21 are connected.

[0044] This application embodiment does not limit the relative position of the vehicle frame 21 and the display device 10. In some embodiments, the display device 10 is integrated into a head-up display (HUD). The HUD can project navigation information, instrument information, etc., into the driver's forward field of vision, avoiding the driver looking down to view this information, thereby affecting driving safety. The image projected by the HUD is reflected by the windshield to form a virtual image outside the vehicle. The types of HUDs include, but are not limited to, combined-HUD (C-HUD), windshield-HUD (W-HUD), and augmented reality HUD (AR-HUD).

[0045] In another possible application scenario, the display device provided in this application embodiment is integrated into an augmented reality (AR) device, which may include, but is not limited to, AR glasses or AR helmets. Figure 1b Please refer to the structural diagram of an AR glasses. Figure 1b The display device 10 provided in this application embodiment is integrated into AR glasses, and users can wear AR glasses to play games, watch videos, participate in virtual meetings, or shop via video.

[0046] In another scenario, the display device provided in this application embodiment can be installed in other devices such as electronic shop windows and transparent televisions, and this application embodiment does not limit this.

[0047] It is understood that the application scenarios given above are merely examples, and the display device provided in this application can also be applied to other possible scenarios, such as medical devices. The embodiments of this application do not limit the application.

[0048] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display device 10 provided in an embodiment of this application. Please refer to... Figure 2 The display device 10 includes a processor 11 and a display component 100, which are signal-connected. The processor 11 is used to send image data to the display component 100. The display device 10 is installed in a vehicle 20 (e.g., vehicle 20). Figure 1a In an embodiment of the chassis 21, the functions of the processor 11 can be implemented by a domain controller on the chassis 21.

[0049] For example, the display component 100 is a transparent display component, allowing ambient light (such as sunlight) to pass through the display component 100 and enter the viewing area. This allows the viewer in the viewing area to see the object 12 located behind the display component 100. Figure 2The solid arrow represents the direction of light transmission reflected from the surface of object 12. When processor 11 sends image data to display component 100, and the self-illumination of display component 100 and the ambient light reflected from object 12 propagate to the viewing area of ​​display component 100 (e.g., ...), ... Figure 2 When the area between two intersecting dotted lines is visible, the viewing area of ​​the display component 100 can view the image and object 12 played by the display component 100. Taking the display device 10 integrated into a head-up display as an example, the viewer can simultaneously see the image played by the display component 100 and the scenery of the road.

[0050] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display component 100 provided in an embodiment of this application. Please refer to... Figure 3 The display component 100 includes a display layer 110, a polarization structure 120, and a beam-splitting modulation structure 130. The display layer 110, the polarization structure 120, and the beam-splitting modulation structure 130 are stacked.

[0051] For example, the display layer 110 includes a plurality of pixel units 101. Each pixel unit 101 includes a light-transmitting portion 111 and a light-emitting device 112. The embodiments of this application do not limit the structure of the light-emitting device 112. For example, the light-emitting device 112 includes a sub-pixel and electrodes located on both sides of the sub-pixel.

[0052] The polarization structure 120 alters the polarization property of the light emitted from the pixel unit 101. The portion of the light-transmitting portion 111 covered by the polarization structure 120 emits light with one polarization property, and the light emitted from the light-transmitting portion 111 passes through this portion of the polarization structure 120. In other words, the polarization structure 120 causes the light emitted from the light-transmitting portion 111 to have one polarization property. The portion of the light-emitting device 112 covered by the polarization structure 120 emits light with another polarization property, causing the light emitted from the light-emitting device 112 to have another polarization property. The beam-splitting modulation structure 130 modulates the transmission direction of light beams with different polarization properties differently. The beam-splitting modulation structure 130 does not change the transmission direction of the polarized light from the light-transmitting portion 111. By changing the transmission direction of the polarized light from the light-emitting device 112, the light emitted from different positions of the light-emitting device 112 is deflected to different areas on the light-emitting side of the display component 100.

[0053] For example, some of the light emitted from the light-emitting device 112 is deflected to the left eye's viewing position, and some light is deflected to the right eye's viewing position. When the light-emitting device 112 displays a three-dimensional image, the viewer can perceive the three-dimensional image through the viewer's brain's perception of different parallax images. In addition, since the light emitted from the light-transmitting part 111 is not deflected, the light emitted from the light-transmitting part 111 can enter the human eye normally, and the viewer can view the object located on the back of the display layer 110 through the light-transmitting part 111. The back of the display layer 110 is the side of the display layer 110 away from the light-emitting side.

[0054] The projection of the portion of the aforementioned polarization structure 120 covering the light-transmitting portion 111 onto the surface of the light-transmitting portion 111 overlaps with the light-transmitting portion 111. The polarization structure 120 may be in direct contact with the light-transmitting portion 111, or the polarization structure 120 and the light-transmitting portion 111 may be connected through other structures, or the polarization structure 120 and the light-transmitting portion 111 may not be connected. The same applies to the portion of the polarization structure 120 covering the light-emitting device 112, and will not be described further here.

[0055] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of display panel 01 in related technologies. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 4 The display panel 01 includes a transparent portion 03, a polarizing film 04, a liquid crystal lens layer 05, and a plurality of sub-pixels 02. The sub-pixels 02 are connected to the transparent portion 03. The polarizing film 04 is connected to the light-emitting surface of the sub-pixels 02, and the liquid crystal lens layer 05 is connected to the light-emitting surface of the polarizing film 04.

[0056] Figure 4 In the example, the polarizing film 04 acquires polarized light from the light emitted from the sub-pixel 02. This polarized light is then incident on the liquid crystal lens layer 05 and deflected by the liquid crystal lens layer 05. Light emitted from different sub-pixels 02 is deflected to different regions. The polarizing film 04 does not filter the light emitted from the transparent portion 03, and the liquid crystal lens layer 05 does not deflect the light emitted from the transparent portion 03.

[0057] It can be seen that, Figure 4 In the example, the polarizing film 04 and the liquid crystal lens layer 05 are located only in the optical path of the light emitted from the sub-pixel 02, and not in the optical path of the light emitted from the transparent portion 03. Therefore, the shape of the polarizing film 04 is related to the shape and size of the sub-pixel 02. Similarly, the shape of the liquid crystal lens layer 05 is related to the shape and size of the sub-pixel 02. The liquid crystal lens layer 05 needs to avoid the light emitted from the transparent portion 03. Therefore, the manufacturing and assembly precision requirements for the liquid crystal lens layer 05 are both high. This results in high manufacturing and assembly costs.

[0058] like Figure 3 As shown, the display component 100 provided in this application embodiment can reduce manufacturing precision and assembly precision, thereby reducing costs.

[0059] The display layer 110 is used to display images, and the structure of the display layer 110 is not limited in this embodiment. For example, the display layer 110 may be an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), a mini light-emitting diode (mini-LED), or a micro-light-emitting diode (micro-LED), etc. Correspondingly, the structure of the pixel unit 101 can be configured according to the type of display layer 110, and this embodiment is also not limited thereto.

[0060] For example, the pixel unit 101 includes three light-emitting devices 112, namely a red (R) light-emitting device, a green (G) light-emitting device, and a blue (B) light-emitting device. This application embodiment does not limit the arrangement of the light-transmitting portion 111 and the light-emitting devices 112 in the pixel unit 101. For example, Figure 3 In the middle, the red light-emitting device, the green light-emitting device, the blue light-emitting device, and the light-transmitting part 111 are arranged in sequence. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the red light-emitting device and the green light-emitting device are in one row, and the light-transmitting part 111 and the blue light-emitting device are in another row, etc., which will not be described in detail here.

[0061] The pixel unit 101 array distribution in the display layer 110 is illustrated below using the structure of a single pixel unit 101 as an example; the other structures are similar.

[0062] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the optical path structure of a pixel unit 101 provided in an embodiment of this application. Please refer to... Figure 5 The light-emitting surface of pixel unit 101 is connected to polarization structure 120. Polarization structure 120 covers a portion of light-emitting device 112 from which first polarized light 201 is emitted. Polarization structure 120 covers a portion of light-transmitting portion 111 from which second polarized light 105 is emitted. For example, light emitted from light-emitting device 112 passes through polarization structure 120 and then emits first polarized light 201. Ambient light is incident on light-transmitting portion 111, and light emitted from light-transmitting portion 111 passes through polarization structure 120 and then emits second polarized light 105.

[0063] The polarization direction of the first polarized light 201 is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the second polarized light 105. Figure 5 In the above, the first polarization direction is the polarization direction of the first polarized light 201, and the second polarization direction is the polarization direction of the second polarized light 105.

[0064] Since there are multiple light-emitting devices 112, the polarization structure 120 obtains red polarized light 102 from the light emitted from the red light-emitting device 112, green polarized light 103 from the light emitted from the green light-emitting device 112, and blue polarized light 104 from the light emitted from the blue light-emitting device 112. In other words, the first polarized light 201 includes red polarized light 102, green polarized light 103, and blue polarized light 104. The polarization directions of red polarized light 102, green polarized light 103, and blue polarized light 104 are all the same.

[0065] Figure 5 In this configuration, the beam-splitting modulation structure 130 provides different modulation properties to the first polarized light 201 and the second polarized light 105. Specifically, the propagation direction of the second polarized light 105 entering the beam-splitting modulation structure 130 is the same as the propagation direction of the second polarized light 105 exiting the beam-splitting modulation structure 130; for example, both the propagation directions of the second polarized light 105 entering and exiting the beam-splitting modulation structure 130 are the second direction. Figure 5 In the diagram, the dashed arrow represents the transmission direction of the emitted second polarized light 105. In other words, the beam-splitting modulation structure 130 directly illuminates the second polarized light 105. The transmission direction of the first polarized light 201 entering the beam-splitting modulation structure 130 is the first direction, and the transmission direction of the first polarized light 201 emitted from the beam-splitting modulation structure 130 is the third direction. The first direction and the third direction are different; in other words, the transmission direction of the first polarized light 201 changes after entering the beam-splitting modulation structure 130. Light rays from light-emitting devices 112 at different positions enter the beam-splitting modulation structure 130 at different angles of incidence, and after being deflected by the beam-splitting modulation structure 130, they are emitted in different directions. In other words, the beam-splitting modulation structure 130 deflects the first polarized light 201 from different light-emitting devices 112, causing it to be emitted in different directions. For example, the beam-splitting modulation structure 130 deflects red polarized light 102, green polarized light 103, and blue polarized light 104, causing them to be emitted in different directions.

[0066] like Figure 5As shown, after passing through the beam-splitting modulation structure 130, red polarized light 102 is distributed in region A on the light-emitting side of the display component 100; green polarized light 103 is distributed in region B on the light-emitting side of the display component 100; and blue polarized light 104 is distributed in region C on the light-emitting side of the display component 100. When a portion of the red light-emitting device 112R, green light-emitting device 112G, and blue light-emitting device 112B displays the right-eye parallax image and a portion displays the left-eye parallax image, the viewer can perceive a three-dimensional image through the perception of the right-eye and left-eye parallax images by the viewer's brain. Since the beam-splitting modulation structure 130 directly illuminates the second polarized light 105, the transmission direction of the second polarized light 105 is not changed. After passing through the beam-splitting modulation structure 130, the second polarized light 105 is distributed in regions A, B, and C on the light-emitting side of the display component 100. The light emitted from the same light-transmitting part 111 can enter the viewer's left and right eyes, allowing the viewer to see the object 12 through the light-transmitting part 111.

[0067] Thus, the first polarized light 201 is deflected and modulated by the beam-splitting modulation structure 130 without affecting the ambient light (e.g., Figure 2 Light emitted from object 12 passes through the light-transmitting portion 111, enabling the display component 100 provided in this embodiment to display a three-dimensional image. Both the first polarized light 201 and the second polarized light 105 pass through the beam-splitting modulation structure 130. The beam-splitting modulation structure 130 can indiscriminately cover the light-emitting device 112 and the light-transmitting portion 111, and the assembly precision requirements for the beam-splitting modulation structure 130 are low. Furthermore, all light emitted from the display layer 110 passes through the beam-splitting modulation structure 130, and the beam-splitting modulation structure 130 does not need to avoid some light rays, thus the assembly precision requirements for the beam-splitting modulation structure 130 are low.

[0068] Furthermore, in embodiments where the beam-splitting modulation structure 130 is periodically distributed, the size of a single-cycle beam-splitting modulation structure 130 is independent of the size of a single pixel unit 101. A single-cycle beam-splitting modulation structure 130 does not need to be aligned and assembled with a single pixel unit 101. For example, a single-cycle beam-splitting modulation structure 130 can cover one or more pixel units 101. The size of the beam-splitting modulation structure 130 is relatively large, and the fabrication precision of the beam-splitting modulation structure 130 is low. Obviously, the assembly and manufacturing costs of the beam-splitting modulation structure 130 are reduced, resulting in lower assembly costs for the display assembly 100. Further, in embodiments where a beam-splitting modulation structure 130 covers multiple pixel units 101, a basis is provided for the display assembly 100 to display multi-viewpoint or super-multi-viewpoint 3D images.

[0069] This application embodiment does not limit the light-emitting devices that display the right-eye parallax image and the left-eye parallax image in a single pixel unit 101. For example, red and green light-emitting devices display the right-eye parallax image, and blue light-emitting devices display the left-eye parallax image. Alternatively, red and blue light-emitting devices display the right-eye parallax image, and green light-emitting devices display the left-eye parallax image, and so on. Figure 5 In the example, any one of regions A, B, and C is the left-eye viewing area, and the remaining regions are the right-eye viewing areas. Furthermore, in some embodiments, one pixel unit 101 may display the left-eye parallax image, and adjacent pixel units 101 may display the right-eye parallax image. That is, regions A, B, and C may all be left-eye viewing areas or all be right-eye viewing areas.

[0070] This application does not limit the type of the beam-splitting modulation structure 130. Exemplarily, the beam-splitting modulation structure 130 exhibits anisotropy for polarized light with different polarization directions. Exemplarily, the refractive indices of the second polarized light 105 and the first polarized light 201 are different. The following provides an exemplary description of the type of beam-splitting modulation structure 130.

[0071] Figure 6a This is a schematic diagram of a spectral modulation structure 130 provided in an embodiment of this application. Please refer to... Figure 6a The spectral modulation structure 130 includes a first liquid crystal layer 131 and a modulation layer 132. The first liquid crystal layer 131 includes a plurality of liquid crystal (LC) molecules 133.

[0072] Polarization structure 120 (e.g.) Figure 5 As shown, the first liquid crystal layer 131 and the modulation layer 132 are stacked sequentially in a direction away from the display layer 110. Light emitted from the polarization structure 120 passes sequentially through the first liquid crystal layer 131 and the modulation layer 132. Alternatively, the first liquid crystal layer 131, the modulation layer 132, and the polarization structure 120 are stacked in a direction away from the display layer 110, and light emitted from the polarization structure 120 passes sequentially through the modulation layer 132 and the first liquid crystal layer 131. The surface of the first liquid crystal layer 131 facing the modulation layer 132 is a first curved surface 135, and the surface of the modulation layer 132 facing the first liquid crystal layer 131 is a second curved surface 134. The first curved surface 135 and the second curved surface 134 are bonded together.

[0073] In some embodiments, the refractive index of the modulation layer 132 is the same as the ordinary light refractive index (n0) of the liquid crystal molecule 133. The polarization direction of the first polarized light 201 is parallel to the director of the liquid crystal molecule 133.

[0074] Figure 6b This is a schematic diagram of the optical path of the first polarized light propagating within the beam-splitting modulation structure 130. Please refer to [link / reference needed]. Figure 6b The first polarized light 201, when propagating within the first liquid crystal layer 131 filled with liquid crystal molecules 133, follows an unusual refractive index (n). e When the first polarized light propagates between the first liquid crystal layer 131 and the modulation layer 132, the refractive index on one side of the first curved surface 135 is an unusual refractive index, while the refractive index on the other side is an ordinary refractive index. The beam-splitting modulation structure 130 has a converging effect on the first polarized light 201. That is, the beam-splitting modulation structure 130 acts as a convex lens for the first polarized light 201.

[0075] As described above, the first polarized light 201 includes red polarized light 102, green polarized light 103, and blue polarized light 104. The beam-splitting modulation structure 130 acts as a convex lens for the red polarized light 102, green polarized light 103, and blue polarized light 104.

[0076] Figure 6c This is a schematic diagram of the optical path of the second polarized light 105 propagating within the beam-splitting modulation structure 130. Please refer to [link / reference needed]. Figure 6c The polarization direction of the second polarized light 105 is perpendicular to the direction vector of the liquid crystal molecules 133. When the second polarized light 105 propagates within the first liquid crystal layer 131 filled with liquid crystal molecules 133, it follows the ordinary refractive index. Since the refractive index of the modulation layer 132 is also the ordinary refractive index, the direction of propagation of the second polarized light 105 within the modulation layer 132 and the first liquid crystal layer 131 remains unchanged; that is, it directly passes through the beam-splitting modulation structure 130. Therefore, the light emitted from the second polarized light 105 is distributed in regions A, B, and C.

[0077] In other embodiments, the refractive index of the modulation layer 132 is the same as the unusual light refractive index of the liquid crystal molecules 133. The polarization direction of the first polarized light 201 is perpendicular to the director of the liquid crystal molecules 133. Figure 6b , Figure 6c The principle is the same as described above. The polarization direction of the first polarized light 201 is perpendicular to the director of the liquid crystal molecule 133. When the first polarized light 201 propagates within the first liquid crystal layer 131, it follows the ordinary refractive index. When the first polarized light 201 propagates between the first liquid crystal layer 131 and the modulation layer 132, the refractive indices on both sides of the first curved surface 135 are the extraordinary refractive index and the ordinary refractive index, respectively. The beam-splitting modulation structure 130 acts as a convex lens for the first polarized light 201. The polarization direction of the second polarized light 105 is parallel to the director of the liquid crystal molecule 133. When the second polarized light 105 propagates within both the first liquid crystal layer 131 and the modulation layer 132, it follows the extraordinary refractive index. The direction of propagation of the second polarized light 105 remains unchanged, that is, it passes directly through the beam-splitting modulation structure 130.

[0078] The following Figure 6a and Figure 6bThe modulation layer 132 shown has the same refractive index as the ordinary light refractive index of the liquid crystal molecule 133, and the polarization direction of the first polarized light 201 is parallel to the director of the liquid crystal molecule 133 as an example.

[0079] For example, the surface of the first liquid crystal layer 131 away from the modulation layer 132 and the surface of the modulation layer 132 away from the first liquid crystal layer 131 are parallel to each other.

[0080] This application embodiment does not limit the connection method between the first liquid crystal layer 131 and the modulation layer 132. For example, the first liquid crystal layer 131 and the modulation layer 132 can be bonded or detachably connected. This application embodiment does not limit the material of the modulation layer 132. For example, the material of the modulation layer 132 includes ultraviolet rays (UV) adhesive.

[0081] The refractive index of the aforementioned modulation layer 132 is the same as the ordinary light refractive index of the liquid crystal molecule 133, including but not limited to the difference between the refractive index of the modulation layer 132 and the ordinary light refractive index of the liquid crystal molecule 133 being less than or equal to 0.2. For example, the difference between their refractive indices is 0, 0.02, 0.05, 0.08, 0.1, 0.12, 0.15, 0.2, etc.

[0082] This application does not limit the focal length of the beam-splitting modulation structure 130, and it can be set according to requirements. For example, the display layer 110 is located at the focal plane of the beam-splitting modulation structure 130. In embodiments with a larger focal length of the beam-splitting modulation structure 130, a transparent spacer layer can be provided between the display layer 110 and the beam-splitting modulation structure 130 to increase the distance between them, thereby placing the display layer 110 at the focal plane of the beam-splitting modulation structure 130.

[0083] In this embodiment, the shapes of the first curved surface 135 and the second curved surface 134 are not limited, but are set according to the viewing position of the light-emitting side of the display component 100.

[0084] In embodiments where the beam-splitting modulation structures 130 are arranged periodically, this application embodiment does not limit the number of pixel units 101 covered by one beam-splitting modulation structure 130. For example, one beam-splitting modulation structure 130 covers 3 to 40 pixel units 101. Furthermore, one pixel unit 101 can be covered by multiple adjacent beam-splitting modulation structures 130. In other words, one beam-splitting modulation structure 130 can cover a non-integer number of pixel units 101. Exemplarily, a portion of the light emitted from one pixel unit 101 passes through one of the beam-splitting modulation structures 130, and the remaining light passes through another beam-splitting modulation structure 130. In embodiments where one beam-splitting modulation structure 130 covers multiple pixel units 101, the pattern displayed by the pixel units 101 can be designed according to requirements, enabling the display component 100 to display multi-viewpoint or super-multi-viewpoint 3D images.

[0085] This application does not limit the type of liquid crystal molecules. For example, the liquid crystal molecules can be polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC), polymer network liquid crystal (PNLC), or polymer stabilized liquid crystal (PSLC), etc. The aforementioned liquid crystals exhibit anisotropy towards polarized light with different polarization directions.

[0086] Because liquid crystal molecules have dielectric anisotropy, when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal molecules, the liquid crystal molecules will rearrange along the direction of the electric field lines.

[0087] Figure 6d This is a schematic diagram of another spectral modulation structure 130 provided in an embodiment of this application. Please refer to... Figure 6d and Figure 6a , Figure 6d and Figure 6a The difference is that, Figure 6d In the process, the beam-splitting modulation structure 130 also includes a first electrode 136 and a second electrode 137. The first electrode 136 and the second electrode 137 are respectively connected to the light-emitting surface and the light-incident surface of the first liquid crystal layer 131.

[0088] For example, when the potential difference V1 between the first electrode 136 and the second electrode 137 is a first voltage, the polarization direction of the first polarized light is parallel to the director of the liquid crystal molecules. Since the polarization direction of the first polarized light is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the second polarized light, the polarization direction of the second polarized light is perpendicular to the director of the liquid crystal molecules. As described above, the beam-splitting modulation structure 130 has a converging effect on the first polarized light. That is, the beam-splitting modulation structure 130 acts as a convex lens for the first polarized light. The beam-splitting modulation structure 130 directly illuminates the second polarized light; at this time, the viewer can perceive a three-dimensional image.

[0089] Figure 6e for Figure 6d The diagram shows one operating state of the beam-splitting modulation structure 130. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 6d and Figure 6e When the potential difference V1 between the first electrode 136 and the second electrode 137 is the second voltage, the polarization directions of both the first and second polarized light are perpendicular to the director of the liquid crystal molecules. Thus, the first and second polarized light propagate within the first liquid crystal layer 131 filled with liquid crystal molecules 133 according to an unusual refractive index, and the beam-splitting modulation structure 130 directly illuminates both the first and second polarized light. At this time, the transmission direction of the light emitted from each light-emitting device 112 in the pixel unit 101 remains unchanged, and the light emitted from each light-emitting device 112 can enter both the viewer's left and right eyes, allowing the viewer to view a two-dimensional image. The light emitted from the light-transmitting portion 111 can also enter both the viewer's left and right eyes, allowing the viewer to simultaneously see the image played by the light-emitting device 112 and the object 12 on the back of the display layer 110 (such as...). Figure 2 (As shown). Thus, the first controller 138 controls the voltage between the first electrode 136 and the second electrode 137, thereby controlling the direction of light propagation within the beam-splitting modulation structure 130, enabling the display component 100 to switch between two-dimensional and three-dimensional modes.

[0090] The embodiments of this application do not limit the magnitude of either the first voltage or the second voltage. For example, the first voltage is 0V (volts). The magnitude of the second voltage is set according to the material of the liquid crystal molecules and the thickness of the liquid crystal layer; for example, the second voltage is 5V to 15V.

[0091] The embodiments of this application do not limit the relative positions of the first electrode 136 and the second electrode 137 with the first liquid crystal layer 131. For example, the first electrode 136 and the second electrode 137 are located on the light-emitting side and the light-incident side of the first liquid crystal layer 131, respectively. The materials of the first electrode 136 and the second electrode 137 are transparent conductive materials, such as indium tin oxide (ITO).

[0092] In some embodiments, the spectral modulation structure 130 further includes a first controller 138, with both the first electrode 136 and the second electrode 137 electrically connected to the first controller 138. The first controller 138 controls the potential difference V1 between the first electrode 136 and the second electrode 137, thereby controlling the orientation vector of the liquid crystal molecules. Thus, the first controller 138 can control the display component 100 to switch between two-dimensional and three-dimensional modes.

[0093] The spectral modulation structure 130 provided in the embodiments of this application is not limited to... Figure 6a and Figure 6d The structure shown. Figure 7a This is a schematic diagram of another spectral modulation structure 130 provided in an embodiment of this application. Please refer to... Figure 7a The beam-splitting modulation structure 130 includes a first electrode group 141, a second liquid crystal layer 143, a second electrode group 142, and a plurality of liquid crystal molecules 133. The plurality of liquid crystal molecules 133 are located within the second liquid crystal layer 143, and the light-incident surface and the light-exit surface of the second liquid crystal layer 143 are parallel to each other.

[0094] When the potential difference V2 between the first electrode group 141 and the second electrode group 142 is the third voltage, the third voltage is a non-uniform potential difference. In other words, the potential differences in different regions of the first electrode group 141 and the second electrode group 142 are not exactly the same. Along the edge of the light-incident surface of the second liquid crystal layer 143 to the center of the light-incident surface, the direction vector of the liquid crystal molecules 133 gradually deflects from the m direction to the n direction. The m direction is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the first polarized light, and the n direction is parallel to the polarization direction of the first polarized light. Both the m and n directions are perpendicular to the polarization direction of the second polarized light 105.

[0095] Since the light-incident surface and the light-exit surface of the second liquid crystal layer 143 are parallel to each other, the transmission direction of the second polarized light entering the second liquid crystal layer 143 and the transmission direction of the second polarized light leaving the second liquid crystal layer 143 remain unchanged.

[0096] like Figure 7aAs shown, at the center of the second liquid crystal layer 143, the liquid crystal molecules are horizontally aligned, and at the edge of the second liquid crystal layer 143, the liquid crystal molecules are vertically aligned. The angle of the liquid crystal molecules in other parts gradually transitions from horizontal to vertical. For the first polarized light, multiple liquid crystal molecules 133 generate a gradient refractive index distribution, which is parabolic. The beam-splitting modulation structure 130 acts as a convex lens for the first polarized light. When the display layer 110 plays a three-dimensional image, the viewer can view the three-dimensional image. Since both the m and n directions are perpendicular to the polarization direction of the second polarized light 105, the beam-splitting modulation structure 130 acts as a direct transmission element for the second polarized light 105. The light emitted from the light-transmitting part 111 is not altered after passing through the beam-splitting modulation structure 130, and the viewer can view the object behind the display layer 110 through the light-transmitting part 111.

[0097] in this way, Figure 7a The beam-splitting modulation structure 130 shown directly illuminates the second polarized light, while the first polarized light 201 from different light-emitting devices 112 (such as...) Figure 5 The red polarized light 102, green polarized light 103 and blue polarized light 104 in the light are deflected and emitted in different directions.

[0098] This application does not limit the structure of the first electrode group 141 and the second electrode group 142. For example, the first electrode group 141 includes a plurality of conductive sheets extending from the edge of the light-incident surface of the second liquid crystal layer 143 to the center of the light-incident surface of the second liquid crystal layer 143, with the voltage received by the plurality of conductive sheets gradually decreasing. The potential difference V2 between the first electrode group 141 and the second electrode group 142 is a third voltage.

[0099] Understandably, in Figure 7a In the example shown, a second liquid crystal layer 143 may cover one or more pixel units 101. In other words, light emitted from one or more pixel units 101 can all pass through a second liquid crystal layer 143.

[0100] In some embodiments, the spectral modulation structure 130 may include a plurality of second liquid crystal layers 143, a plurality of first electrode groups 141, and a plurality of second electrode groups 142. The second liquid crystal layers 143, the first electrode groups 141, and the second electrode groups 142 are in one-to-one correspondence, and each second liquid crystal layer 143 is filled with a plurality of liquid crystal molecules. In some embodiments, the plurality of second liquid crystal layers 143 may be interconnected, or the plurality of second liquid crystal layers 143 may be independent of each other.

[0101] and Figure 6d The examples in [the text] are similar. Figure 7aThe illustrated spectral modulation structure 130 includes a second controller 139, which controls the potential difference V2 between the first electrode group 141 and the second electrode group 142 to a third voltage. When the plurality of liquid crystal molecules 133 are at the third voltage, the display component 100 displays a three-dimensional image.

[0102] Similarly, when the second controller 139 controls the potential difference V2 between the first electrode group 141 and the second electrode group 142 to a fourth voltage, the display component 100 presents a two-dimensional image. For example, Figure 7b for Figure 7a The diagram shows one operating state of the spectral modulation structure 130. Figure 7b In the middle, the second controller 139 controls the potential difference V2 between the first electrode group 141 and the second electrode group 142 to be the fourth voltage. The director of each liquid crystal molecule is parallel. The beam splitting modulation structure 130 acts as a light-transmitting element for both the first polarized light and the second polarized light. The beam splitting modulation structure 130 does not change the transmission direction of the first polarized light and the second polarized light. The display component 100 presents a two-dimensional image. The light emitted from the light-transmitting part 111 is not changed after passing through the beam splitting modulation structure 130. The viewer can view the object behind the display layer 110 through the light-transmitting part 111. Figure 7b In the example, the switching between three-dimensional mode and two-dimensional mode can also be achieved through the second controller 139.

[0103] This application does not limit the magnitude of the fourth voltage in its embodiments. This application also does not limit the direction of the pointer vector of the liquid crystal molecules under the fourth voltage; for example, Figure 7b In this case, the pointing vector of each liquid crystal molecule is vertical. Or, Figure 7c for Figure 7a The diagram shows another operating state of the beam-splitting modulation structure 130. Figure 7c In this embodiment, when the potential difference V2 is the fourth voltage, the pointing vector of each liquid crystal molecule is horizontal. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the pointing vector of each liquid crystal molecule can be tilted upwards.

[0104] As described above, the polarization structure 120 acquires first polarized light 201 from the light emitted from the light-emitting device 112. The polarization structure 120 acquires second polarized light 105 from the light emitted from the light-transmitting portion 111. This application embodiment does not limit the structure of the polarization structure 120. The following, in conjunction with... Figure 8a and Figure 8b The polarization structure 120 for obtaining first and second polarized light 105 with mutually perpendicular polarization directions is described as an example.

[0105] Figure 8a This is an exploded structural diagram of the display layer 110 and a polarization structure 120 provided in an embodiment of this application. Please refer to... Figure 8aThe polarization structure 120 includes a first polarizer 121 and a polarization converter 122.

[0106] The portion of the first polarizer 121 covering the light-emitting device 112 emits third polarized light 106, while the portion covering the light-transmitting portion 111 emits fourth polarized light 107. It is understood that the third polarized light 106 and the fourth polarized light 107 have the same polarization direction.

[0107] The polarization converter 122 can deflect the polarization direction of polarized light. For example, it can deflect the polarization direction of polarized light by 90°.

[0108] In some embodiments, such as Figure 8a As shown, the polarization direction of the third polarized light 106 is the same as that of the first polarized light 201. The projection of the polarization converter 122 onto the surface of the display layer 110 overlaps with the light-transmitting portion 111, and the polarization converter 122 converts the fourth polarized light 107 into the second polarized light 105. In other words, the light emitted from the light-transmitting portion 111 passes through the first polarizer 121 and the polarization converter 122 in sequence before being emitted as the second polarized light 105.

[0109] This application does not limit the structure of the polarization converter 122. For example, in some embodiments, the polarization converter 122 includes a half-wave plate. The half-wave plate allows only the fourth polarized light 107 to pass through, deflecting the polarization direction of the fourth polarized light 107 by 90°, and also affects the third polarized light 106. Exemplarily, the projection of the half-wave plate onto the surface of the light-transmitting portion 111 overlaps with the light-transmitting portion 111.

[0110] Figure 8b This is an exploded structural diagram of the display layer 110 and another polarization structure 120 provided in an embodiment of this application. Please refer to... Figure 8a and Figure 8b , Figure 8b and Figure 8a The difference lies in the structure of the polarization converter 122. Figure 8b In this design, the polarization converter 122 is a twisted nematic (TN) liquid crystal layer. The twisted nematic liquid crystal layer can deflect the polarization direction of polarized light.

[0111] In some embodiments, the twisted nematic liquid crystal layer includes a first conductive substrate 123, a second conductive substrate 124, and a liquid crystal layer 125. Figure 8b In the example, the liquid crystal layer 125 covers the entire display layer 110, and the projection of the first conductive substrate 123 on the surface of the display layer 110 covers the light-emitting device 112 but does not cover the light-transmitting portion 111. The projection of the second conductive substrate 124 on the surface of the display layer 110 covers the light-emitting device 112 but does not cover the light-transmitting portion 111.

[0112] When an electric current is applied between the first conductive substrate 123 and the second conductive substrate 124, the portion of the liquid crystal layer 125 not covered by the first conductive substrate 123 and the second conductive substrate 124 is outside the electric field. The polarization direction of the incident polarized light (e.g., the aforementioned fourth polarized light 107) passing through this portion rotates by 90 degrees. The polarization direction of the incident polarized light (the aforementioned third polarized light 106) passing through the remaining portion remains unchanged, and it still emits polarized light with the same polarization state as the incident polarized light. In this way, the twisted nematic liquid crystal layer can deflect the polarization direction of the fourth polarized light 107 to obtain the second polarized light 105, but does not deflect the polarization direction of the third polarized light 106.

[0113] In other embodiments of this application, the twisted nematic liquid crystal layer may omit the aforementioned first conductive substrate 123 and second conductive substrate 124. The liquid crystal layer 125 may simply cover the light-transmitting portion 111.

[0114] Understandably, the polarization direction of the fourth polarized light 107 emitted from the first polarizer 121 may be the same as that of the second polarized light 105. The polarization direction of the third polarized light 106 is different from that of the first polarized light. Thus, the polarization converter 122 converts the third polarized light 106 into the first polarized light.

[0115] Figure 8c This is an exploded structural diagram of the display layer 110 and another polarization structure 120 provided in an embodiment of this application. Please refer to... Figure 8a and Figure 8c , Figure 8a and Figure 8c The difference is that, Figure 8c The polarization direction of the first polarizer 121 in the middle and Figure 8a The polarization directions of the first polarizer 121 are perpendicular to each other. The polarization direction of the fourth polarized light 107 emitted from the first polarizer 121 is the same as that of the second polarized light 105.

[0116] Figure 8c In the example, the projection of polarization converter 122 on the surface of display layer 110 overlaps with the light-emitting device 112, and polarization converter 122 converts third polarized light 106 into first polarized light. Figure 8c In the middle, the polarization converter 122 is a 1 / 2 wave plate.

[0117] and Figure 8a The same applies to the examples. Figure 8c In the example, the polarization structure 120 can obtain first polarized light 201 from the light emitted from the light-emitting device 112, and second polarized light 105 from the light emitted from the light-transmitting part 111.

[0118] Figure 8dThis is a schematic diagram of the display layer 110 and another polarization structure 120 provided in an embodiment of this application. Please refer to... Figure 8d and Figure 8c , Figure 8d and Figure 8c The difference is that, Figure 8d The polarization converter 122 in the middle is a twisted nematic liquid crystal layer.

[0119] and Figure 8b on the contrary, Figure 8d In this configuration, the twisted nematic liquid crystal layer includes a first conductive substrate 123 and a second conductive substrate 124. The projection of the first conductive substrate 123 onto the surface of the display layer 110 covers the light-transmitting portion 111 but does not cover the light-emitting device 112. Similarly, the projection of the second conductive substrate 124 onto the surface of the display layer 110 covers the light-transmitting portion 111 but does not cover the light-emitting device 112. For further details, please refer to [link to description]. Figure 8b Examples are not repeated here.

[0120] In some embodiments, in order to reduce the reflection of the light-emitting device 112 and improve the display effect of the display assembly 100, such as... Figure 8a , Figure 8b , Figure 8c as well as Figure 8d As shown, the display assembly 100 also includes a quarter-wave plate 150, which is located between the polarization structure 120 and the light-emitting device 112. Exemplarily, the quarter-wave plate 150 is in contact with and connected to the light-emitting surface of the light-emitting device 112. Since the quarter-wave plate 150 can change the polarization direction of linearly polarized light, when light passes through the beam-splitting modulation structure 130 and the polarization structure 120 from the light-emitting side of the display assembly 100, it becomes linearly polarized light, which is deflected by the quarter-wave plate 150. Thus, the quarter-wave plate 150 can reduce the reflection of external light by the electrodes of the light-emitting device 112. The aforementioned external light includes light propagating from the light-emitting side of the display assembly 100 to the light-emitting surface of the light-emitting device 112.

[0121] Because a quarter-wave plate can change the polarization direction of linearly polarized light, it allows direct illumination of natural light. For example... Figure 8a , Figure 8b , Figure 8c as well as Figure 8d As shown, the quarter-wave plate can also contact and connect with the light-emitting surface of the light-transmitting portion 111. In other words, the quarter-wave plate can cover the entire display layer 110 without discrimination, thus requiring low assembly precision and reducing assembly costs. It is understood that in other embodiments of this application, the quarter-wave plate 150 may only cover the light-emitting surface of the light-emitting device 112.

[0122] The methods for obtaining the second polarized light 105 and the first polarized light are not limited to Figure 8aThe polarization structure 120 shown is not applicable. Other structures can be used; for example, a second polarizer polarizes the light emitted from the light-emitting device, and the incident light passes through the polarizing assembly and the light-transmitting portion before exiting as second polarized light. This application does not limit the structure of the polarizing assembly; for example… Figure 9a In the middle, the polarization assembly includes a third polarizer 170, or, Figure 9b In the middle, the polarization assembly includes two quarter-wave plates 150 and a third polarizer 170. The following is a combination of... Figure 9a and Figure 9b The following example illustrates this.

[0123] Figure 9a This is an exploded structural diagram of another display layer 110 provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 9a Please refer to the structure of the display layer 110 in the image. Figure 3 The description in the text. Figure 9a Please refer to the structure of the mid-splitter modulation structure 130. Figure 4 and Figure 5 The example shown is described below. Further details will not be provided here.

[0124] Figure 9a In the display component 100, a second polarizer 160 and a third polarizer 170 are included. The second polarizer 160 is connected to the light-emitting side of the light-emitting device 112. The second polarizer 160 emits first polarized light 201. For example, the light emitted from the light-emitting device 112 is polarized by the second polarizer 160 to obtain the first polarized light 201. The light-transmitting portion 111 and the third polarizer 170 are connected, and the incident light (e.g., Figure 2 The light reflected by the object 12 passes through the third polarizer 170 and the light-transmitting part 111 and then emits the second polarized light 105.

[0125] exist Figure 9a In the example, both the second polarizer 160 and the third polarizer 170 are linear polarizers. The polarization directions of the second polarizer 160 and the third polarizer 170 are perpendicular to each other.

[0126] Figure 9a In the example, the second polarizer 160 only polarizes the light emitted from the light-emitting device 112, while the third polarizer 170 only polarizes the light that needs to enter the light-transmitting portion 111. The second polarizer 160 covers the light-emitting surface of the light-emitting device 112 but not the light-emitting surface of the light-transmitting portion 111. Since the side of the light-emitting device 112 away from the light-emitting surface has an electrode, this electrode blocks ambient light (e.g., sunlight) from entering the light-emitting device 112. Furthermore, since the polarization directions of the second polarizer 160 and the third polarizer 170 are perpendicular to each other, they also block ambient light from escaping from the light-emitting device 112. Therefore, the third polarizer 170 can cover both the light-emitting device 112 and the light-transmitting portion 111 without discrimination. The assembly precision of the third polarizer 170 is relatively low.

[0127] Figure 9a In the example, the polarization direction of the polarized light emitted from the third polarizer 170 is the same as that of the second polarized light 105. In other embodiments, the polarization direction of the polarized light emitted from the third polarizer 170 may be different from that of the second polarized light 105. For example, the polarized light emitted from the third polarizer 170 can be deflected to obtain the aforementioned second polarized light 105.

[0128] Figure 9b This is an exploded structural diagram of another display component 100 provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 9a and Figure 9b The difference is that the display component 100 also includes two quarter-wave plates 150. In zone 9b, the polarization directions of the second polarizer 160 and the third polarizer 170 are parallel to each other.

[0129] One quarter-wave plate 150 is located between the third polarizer 170 and the display layer 110. Another quarter-wave plate 150 is located between the light-emitting device 112 and the second polarizer 160.

[0130] Ambient light is incident on the third polarizer 170. The polarized light emitted from the third polarizer 170 passes sequentially through a quarter-wave plate 150, a light-transmitting section 111, and another quarter-wave plate 150 to obtain second polarized light 105. A quarter-wave plate 150 can convert linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light. The circularly polarized light is converted back into linearly polarized light after passing through another quarter-wave plate 150, and the polarization directions of the linearly polarized light before and after passing through the quarter-wave plate 150 are perpendicular to each other. In other words, the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light is deflected by 90° after passing through two quarter-wave plates 150 sequentially.

[0131] Because light without a specific polarization direction (such as...) Figure 9b The light emitted from the light-emitting device 112 will directly pass through the quarter-wave plate 150, which does not affect the polarization direction of the polarized light emitted from the third polarizer 170. The quarter-wave plate 150 can reduce the reflection of external light by the electrodes of the light-emitting device 112. Similarly, in Figure 9b In the example, both quarter-wave plates 150 can cover the entire display layer 110 without difference. The assembly precision of the quarter-wave plates 150 is low, which has the advantage of low assembly cost.

[0132] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A display component, characterized in that, The display component includes: The display layer includes interconnected light-transmitting portions and light-emitting devices; A polarization structure is located on the light-emitting side of the display layer. The portion of the polarization structure covering the light-emitting device emits first polarized light, and the portion covering the light-transmitting portion emits second polarized light. The transmission direction of the first polarized light is a first direction; the transmission direction of the second polarized light is a second direction; the polarization directions of the first and second polarized light are perpendicular to each other. A beam-splitting modulation structure is located on the light-emitting side of the polarization structure; the beam-splitting modulation structure is used to emit the first polarized light with a third transmission direction; it is also used to emit the second polarized light with a second transmission direction; the first direction and the third direction are different.

2. The display component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The beam-splitting modulation structure includes a first liquid crystal layer and a modulation layer; the polarization structure, the first liquid crystal layer, and the modulation layer are stacked sequentially away from the display layer, or the polarization structure, the modulation layer, and the first liquid crystal layer are stacked sequentially away from the display layer. The surface of the first liquid crystal layer facing the modulation layer is a first curved surface, and the surface of the modulation layer facing the first liquid crystal layer is a second curved surface, with the first curved surface and the second curved surface being attached together; The refractive index of the modulation layer is the same as the ordinary light refractive index of the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer; the polarization direction of the first polarized light is parallel to the director of the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer; or, the refractive index of the modulation layer is the same as the extraordinary light refractive index of the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer, and the polarization direction of the first polarized light is perpendicular to the director of the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer.

3. The display component according to claim 2, characterized in that, The spectral modulation structure further includes a first electrode and a second electrode, which are located on the light-emitting side and the light-incident side of the first liquid crystal layer, respectively. If the potential difference between the first electrode and the second electrode is the first voltage, then the polarization direction of the first polarized light is parallel to the direction vector of the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer. If the potential difference between the first electrode and the second electrode is the second voltage, then the polarization direction of both the first polarized light and the second polarized light is perpendicular to the director of the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer; the second voltage is greater than the first voltage.

4. The display component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The beam-splitting modulation structure includes a first electrode group, a second liquid crystal layer, and a second electrode group; the first electrode group includes a plurality of electrically isolated conductive sheets, and the light-incident surface and the light-exit surface of the second liquid crystal layer are parallel to each other; the light-incident surface of the second liquid crystal layer faces the polarization structure.

5. The display component according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The polarization structure includes a first polarizer and a polarization converter; the polarization converter and the first polarizer are stacked together along the side away from the display layer. The portion of the first polarizer covering the light-emitting device is used to emit third polarized light, and the portion of the first polarizer covering the light-transmitting portion is used to emit fourth polarized light. The third polarized light has the same polarization direction as the first polarized light, and the projection of the polarization converter on the surface of the display layer overlaps with the light-transmitting portion. The polarization converter is used to convert the fourth polarized light into the second polarized light; or, the fourth polarized light has the same polarization direction as the second polarized light, and the projection of the polarization converter on the surface of the display layer overlaps with the light-emitting device. The polarization converter is used to convert the third polarized light into the first polarized light.

6. The display component according to claim 5, characterized in that, The polarization converter includes a twisted nematic liquid crystal layer.

7. The display component according to claim 5, characterized in that, The polarization converter includes a 1 / 2 wave plate.

8. The display component according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The display component further includes a first quarter-wave plate, which is located between the light-emitting device and the polarization structure.

9. A display component, characterized in that, The display component includes: The display layer includes interconnected light-transmitting portions and light-emitting devices; The second polarizer is located on the light-emitting side of the light-emitting device and is used to emit first polarized light; the transmission direction of the first polarized light is the first direction. A polarizing assembly is used to emit second polarized light after incident light reflected from an object behind the display assembly passes through the polarizing assembly and the light-transmitting portion; the transmission direction of the second polarized light is a second direction; the polarization direction of the first polarized light is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the second polarized light; and A beam-splitting modulation structure is located on the light-emitting side of the display layer; the beam-splitting modulation structure is used to emit the first polarized light with a third transmission direction; it is also used to emit the second polarized light with a second transmission direction; the first direction and the third direction are different.

10. The display component according to claim 9, characterized in that, The polarizing assembly includes a third polarizer located on the opposite side of the light-emitting side of the light-emitting device.

11. The display component according to claim 9, characterized in that, The polarizing assembly includes a fourth polarizer, a second quarter-wave plate, and a third quarter-wave plate; the second quarter-wave plate and the fourth polarizer are stacked close to the display layer in sequence, the third quarter-wave plate is located between the second polarizer and the display layer, and the third quarter-wave plate covers the light-transmitting part and the light-emitting device; the incident light passes through the fourth polarizer, the second quarter-wave plate, the light-transmitting part, and the third quarter-wave plate in sequence before exiting as the second polarized light.

12. A display device, characterized in that, The display device includes: a processor and a display component as described in any one of claims 1-11, wherein the processor is configured to send image data to the display component.

13. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle includes: a frame and a display device as described in claim 12, the display device being connected to the frame.

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