Cultivated land ecological monitoring system and method based on Internet of Things

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivated land ecological monitoring system and method based on the Internet of Things, and belongs to the technical field of ecological monitoring. The problem that an existing method is high in limitation is solved, a cultivated land ecological monitoring system is loaded in a mobile phone of a farmer, and soil salinity, humidity, soil pH value, soil basic nutrient content and soil heavy metal content are collected regularly and transmitted to the mobile phone; comparing the current data with a corresponding threshold value to obtain a current soil condition, analyzing whether the current soil condition is abnormal or not, searching a corresponding historical problem and a solving strategy according to abnormal factors, and remotely controlling a cultivated land site by a farmer through a mobile phone to carry out irrigation, soil testing and formulated fertilization or deinsectization work according to a specified strategy; and after the current soil does not have the abnormal state, the instruction control is paused, and each sensor is restored to the original monitoring frequency, so that a farmer can obtain the cultivated land soil information through a smart phone, the farmer is effectively helped to better manage crops, and the agricultural production efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ecological monitoring, and in particular to a farmland ecological monitoring system and method based on the Internet of Things. Background Art

[0002] Cultivated land is the soil suitable for crop growth formed by the influence and transformation of natural soil through human agricultural production activities; cultivated land is the product of labor and the most basic means of production for agricultural production. Cultivated land is the foundation for human survival and development. Cultivated land depends on the crops, farmland animals and microorganisms it carries, and they are circulated through the conversion of substances; first, through the photosynthesis of green crops, carbon dioxide, water and inorganic nutrients are synthesized into organic matter in the plant body, and then animals and insects that feed on plants convert part of the plant protein into animal protein, and finally microorganisms decompose the remains and excrement of animals and insects into inorganic substances and return them to the cultivated soil environment, and then they are reused by crops; this forms a unified cycle of plant growth, animal transformation and microbial decomposition and reduction, creating economic value in the cycle conversion; with the continuous development of science and technology and people's pursuit of agricultural production efficiency, real-time monitoring of crop growth environment, soil moisture, meteorological conditions and other information can effectively help farmers better manage crops and improve agricultural production efficiency.

[0003] However, in the existing technology, the status analysis of cultivated land soil is usually judged by farmers based on their personal long-term planting experience. This method requires farmers to have sufficient experience, so it is not suitable for novice farmers or inexperienced farmers. It has high limitations, thereby reducing the feasibility of existing cultivated land ecological monitoring methods.

[0004] Therefore, the existing needs are not met, and we propose a farmland ecological monitoring system and method based on the Internet of Things. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a farmland ecological monitoring system and method based on the Internet of Things. The farmland ecological monitoring system is loaded in the farmer's mobile phone, and the soil salinity, humidity, soil pH value, soil basic nutrient content and soil heavy metal content in the farmland are collected regularly and transmitted to the farmer's mobile phone; the system compares the current data with the corresponding threshold value to obtain the current soil condition, analyzes whether the current soil condition is abnormal, and retrieves the corresponding historical problems and solutions according to the abnormal state factors. The farmer remotely controls the farmland site through the mobile phone to irrigate, test the soil formula for fertilization or pest control according to the specified strategy; after the work instruction is completed, the control terminal is fed back, and the instruction control is suspended until the current soil is no longer in an abnormal state, and each sensor is restored to the original monitoring frequency, so that each farmer can obtain farmland soil information through a smart phone, effectively helping farmers to better manage crops, improve agricultural production efficiency, and solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The farmland ecological monitoring system based on the Internet of Things includes:

[0008] The control terminal is a farmer's smartphone, used for

[0009] Receive and analyze farmland ecological data, and remotely control the target farmland for irrigation, soil testing and fertilization, and pest control based on the real-time farmland soil conditions to ensure crop yields and agricultural benefits;

[0010] Data acquisition unit for

[0011] Sensors are used to dynamically monitor soil salinity, humidity, soil pH, soil basic nutrient content and soil heavy metal content in cultivated land at regular intervals to evaluate the quality and ecological status of cultivated land. The soil data is then transmitted to the data processing unit in real time for analysis based on the wireless communication unit.

[0012] The wireless communication unit is used to establish a data interaction network channel between the data acquisition unit and the control terminal, using any one of cellular, Wi-Fi or LoRa communication technologies to achieve long-distance data transmission for the cultivated land ecological monitoring system and provide a reference for the implementation of agricultural production;

[0013] Data processing unit for

[0014] Preset the soil salinity threshold, humidity threshold, soil pH threshold, soil basic nutrient content threshold and soil heavy metal content threshold in the cultivated land in advance, and compare the soil salinity, humidity, soil pH value, soil basic nutrient content and soil heavy metal content in the current cultivated land with the thresholds to obtain the soil salt condition, dry and wet condition, pH condition and soil content conditions in the current cultivated land;

[0015] Land adjustment unit for

[0016] Based on the current soil salt conditions, dryness and wetness conditions, pH conditions and soil content conditions in the cultivated land, remote control is carried out in combination with the control terminal to carry out appropriate irrigation, soil testing and fertilization, and pest control for the current cultivated land.

[0017] Furthermore, the control terminal includes

[0018] A data receiving module is used to receive in real time the soil salinity, humidity, pH value and soil salt condition, dryness and wetness condition, pH condition of the cultivated land and the current cultivated land strategy instruction information fed back from the cultivated land adjustment unit;

[0019] The command receiving and sending module is used to send corresponding work instructions to the farmland site based on the current farmland strategy command information fed back from the farmland adjustment unit and in combination with the soil salt condition, dryness and wetness condition, and pH condition in the current farmland;

[0020] The instruction feedback module is used to feedback the work completion instruction to the control terminal after completing the currently sent work instruction at the farming site.

[0021] Furthermore, after the instruction feedback module feeds back the work completion instruction to the control terminal, the control terminal continues to send cultivated land soil monitoring instructions to the data acquisition unit. If it is determined that the soil salinity, humidity, and pH value in the current cultivated land are all within the threshold range, the control terminal suspends the sending of work instructions; if it is determined that the soil salinity, humidity, and pH value in the current cultivated land are not within the threshold range, the control terminal continues to send appropriate work instructions to the cultivated land site according to the current state of the cultivated land soil until the state of the cultivated land soil meets the predetermined threshold.

[0022] Furthermore, the data acquisition unit comprises

[0023] Point distribution module, which is used to deploy multiple sensor monitoring points within the target cultivated land according to the actual area of ​​the target cultivated land, so that multiple monitoring points form a modular distribution to ensure the comprehensiveness of soil condition monitoring within the target cultivated land;

[0024] The timing collection module is used to pre-set the monitoring time nodes and one-time monitoring duration of the sensors at each monitoring point every day, and urge the control terminal to remotely control each sensor to collect soil data regularly according to the scheduled time;

[0025] The timing transmission module is used to set alternating transmission nodes for each sensor, and transmit the soil salt condition, dryness and wetness condition, and pH condition in the cultivated land to the control terminal in batches.

[0026] Furthermore, the data acquisition unit also includes

[0027] The soil sampling module is used to determine the soil sampling points in the target cultivated land using the diagonal method, and the soil is excavated and mixed before sampling using the quartering method to ensure the representativeness of the samples.

[0028] Furthermore, the data processing unit comprises

[0029] The threshold preset module is used to extract the average values ​​of historical soil salinity, humidity, soil pH value, soil basic nutrient content and soil heavy metal content in cultivated land, and obtain the soil salinity threshold, humidity threshold, soil pH threshold, soil basic nutrient content threshold and soil heavy metal content threshold as a reference for judging the current cultivated land soil condition;

[0030] The data comparison module is used to compare the soil salinity, humidity, soil pH value, soil basic nutrient content and soil heavy metal content in the current cultivated land with the soil salinity threshold, humidity threshold, soil pH threshold, soil basic nutrient content threshold and soil heavy metal content threshold, respectively, to obtain the soil salt condition, dry and wet condition, pH condition and soil content conditions in the current cultivated land;

[0031] The result output module is used to feed back the current soil salt condition, dryness and wetness condition, pH condition and soil content condition in the cultivated land to the control terminal in real time through the wireless communication unit.

[0032] Furthermore, when extracting the average value, the threshold preset module collects the soil salinity, humidity, soil pH value, soil basic nutrient content and soil heavy metal content of the soil in the normal state in the cultivated land, and then uses the intermediate value extraction method to extract the soil salinity median value, humidity median value and pH median value respectively as the three soil state thresholds.

[0033] Furthermore, the farmland adjustment unit includes:

[0034] The strategy preset module is used to collect various soil problems existing in cultivated land in the past and their solution strategies, and classify and save the soil problems and their solution strategies according to the problem attributes to obtain a strategy database;

[0035] The strategy selection module is used to retrieve the same soil problems in the strategy database according to the existing soil problems in the current cultivated land, and obtain the corresponding solution strategies;

[0036] The strategy feedback module is used to feed back the current search solution strategy to the control terminal in real time for remote control.

[0037] Furthermore, the strategy preset module includes

[0038] The keyword building module is used to extract the key factors of cultivated land soil problems and the subject elements of their solution strategies, and to create search keywords in the strategy database based on the key factors and subject elements.

[0039] The method for monitoring cultivated land ecology based on the Internet of Things includes the following steps:

[0040] S1. Regularly collect soil salinity, humidity, soil pH value, soil basic nutrient content and soil heavy metal content in the target cultivated land, and transmit them to the control terminal based on the wireless communication network;

[0041] S2. Preset the soil salinity threshold, humidity threshold, soil pH threshold, soil basic nutrient content threshold and soil heavy metal content threshold in advance, compare the current soil salinity, humidity, soil pH value, soil basic nutrient content and soil heavy metal content with their corresponding thresholds, and obtain the current soil salt condition, dry and wet condition, pH condition and soil content conditions;

[0042] S3. Analyze whether there are any abnormal conditions in the current soil conditions, retrieve the corresponding historical problems based on the abnormal condition theme factors, obtain the corresponding solution strategies based on the historical problems, and remotely control the cultivated land site through the control terminal to perform irrigation, soil testing and formula fertilization or pest control according to the specified strategy;

[0043] S4. After the work instruction is completed, feedback is given to the control terminal, and the control terminal continues to issue soil monitoring instructions to the target cultivated land. If it is determined that the current soil conditions are normal, the sending of work instructions is suspended; if it is determined that there is an abnormal state in the current soil conditions, the control terminal continues to send appropriate work instructions to the cultivated land site according to the current abnormal soil state until the soil state of the cultivated land meets the normal state.

[0044] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0045] The present invention loads a farmland ecological monitoring system in a farmer's smart phone, collects soil salinity, humidity, soil pH value, soil basic nutrient content and soil heavy metal content in the target farmland according to each sensor at regular intervals, and transmits the data to the farmer's smart phone based on a wireless communication network; the system compares the current soil salinity, humidity, soil pH value, soil basic nutrient content and soil heavy metal content with their corresponding thresholds to obtain the current soil salt condition, dry and wet condition, pH condition and soil content conditions; analyzes whether the current soil conditions are in an abnormal state, and retrieves corresponding historical problems and solutions according to the abnormal state theme factors; the farmer sends a control instruction to the farmland site through a mobile phone, that is, a control terminal, and remotely controls the farmland site to perform irrigation, soil testing and formula fertilization or pest control according to a specified strategy; after the work instruction is completed, the control terminal is fed back, and the instruction control is suspended until the current soil is no longer in an abnormal state, and each sensor is restored to the original monitoring frequency, so that each farmer can obtain farmland soil information through a smart phone, and remotely control the on-site operation, effectively helping farmers to better manage crops and improve agricultural production efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] Figure 1 This is a composition diagram of the farmland ecological monitoring system based on the Internet of Things of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of the farmland ecological monitoring method based on the Internet of Things of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] In order to solve the technical problem that in the existing technology, the status analysis of cultivated land soil is usually judged by farmers based on their long-term planting experience, such methods require farmers to have sufficient experience, so they are not suitable for novice farmers or farmers with insufficient experience, and have high limitations, thus reducing the feasibility of existing cultivated land ecological monitoring methods, please refer to Figure 1-Figure 2 , this embodiment provides the following technical solutions:

[0050] The farmland ecological monitoring system based on the Internet of Things includes:

[0051] The control terminal is a farmer's smartphone, used for

[0052] Receive and analyze cultivated land ecological data, and remotely control the target cultivated land to carry out irrigation, soil testing and formula fertilization, and pest control according to the real-time cultivated land soil conditions, so as to ensure the cultivated land crop yield and agricultural benefits; specifically, by loading the cultivated land ecological monitoring system in the smart phone, the mobile phone is regarded as the control terminal of the cultivated land ecological monitoring system, and the mobile phone is used to obtain cultivated land soil data, and the operation status of the irrigation subsystem, soil testing and formula fertilization subsystem, and pest control subsystem in the cultivated land site is remotely controlled through the mobile phone.

[0053] Control terminal, including:

[0054] The data receiving module is used to receive in real time the soil salinity, humidity, pH value and soil salt condition, dryness and wetness condition, pH condition of the cultivated land, as well as the current cultivated land strategy instruction information fed back from the cultivated land adjustment unit; specifically, by receiving the soil salinity, humidity and pH value of the cultivated land, it assists farmers to understand the cultivated land soil information in real time, so that farmers can make corresponding strategy instructions according to the current soil status.

[0055] The instruction receiving and sending module is used to issue corresponding work instructions to the cultivated land site based on the current cultivated land strategy instruction information fed back from the cultivated land adjustment unit, combined with the current soil salt condition, dryness and wetness condition, and pH condition in the cultivated land; specifically, the corresponding work strategy instructions are issued to the cultivated land site through the user's mobile phone, thereby realizing the remote control function and improving the practicality of the existing cultivated land ecological monitoring system.

[0056] The instruction feedback module is used to feedback the work completion instruction to the control terminal after completing the currently sent work instruction at the farmland site; after the instruction feedback module feeds back the work completion instruction to the control terminal, the control terminal continues to send farmland soil monitoring instructions to the data acquisition unit. If it is determined that the soil salinity, humidity, pH value, etc. in the current farmland are within the threshold range, the control terminal suspends the sending of the work instruction; if it is determined that the soil salinity, humidity, pH value in the current farmland are not within the threshold range, the control terminal continues to send appropriate work instructions to the farmland site according to the current state of the farmland soil until the state of the farmland soil meets the predetermined threshold; specifically, after the user sends a work instruction to the farmland site through the control terminal , the irrigation subsystem, soil testing and formula fertilization subsystem and pest control subsystem at the cultivated land site operate according to the current work instructions; the specific operations of the soil testing and formula fertilization subsystem are as follows: Soil testing: Collect soil samples for testing and analyze the nutrient content in the soil, including major nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements; Formula formulation: According to the soil test results and crop needs, formulate targeted fertilizer formulas to ensure that crops obtain all the nutrients they need; Fertilizer application: Apply fertilizers according to the formulated formula, including the reasonable combination of organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers, as well as the time and method of fertilization; Effect evaluation: Evaluate the fertilization effect by comparing the crop growth and yield before and after the implementation of soil testing and formula fertilization, and continuously optimize the formula. The advantages of soil testing and formula fertilization include: improving fertilizer utilization rate: through precise soil testing and formula formulation, ensuring that crops obtain the required nutrition, reducing nutrient loss, and improving fertilizer utilization rate; reducing environmental pollution: avoiding environmental pollution problems caused by excessive fertilization and protecting the ecological environment; increasing yield and improving quality: through targeted nutritional supplements, promoting healthy growth of crops, increasing yields, and improving the quality of agricultural products; after the current work instruction is completed, the work completion instruction will be fed back, and farmers will obtain instruction completion information through the mobile phone. At this time, the soil problems in the cultivated land under normal conditions should be solved; therefore, farmers continue to issue soil monitoring instructions to the cultivated land site through the mobile phone to determine whether the previous work instructions have produced corresponding effects; if the corresponding effects are produced, farmers will restore the soil monitoring frequency through the mobile phone; if the corresponding effects are not produced, farmers will obtain the current problems of the soil through the mobile phone, and issue corresponding work strategy instructions according to the current problems until the state of the cultivated land soil meets the normal state; thus, the cultivated land ecological monitoring system forms a cyclic iteration mode for cultivated land soil monitoring, ensuring that problems in cultivated land soil can be solved in time, and assisting farmers to improve agricultural production based on the Internet of Things technology.

[0057] Data acquisition unit for

[0058] The sensor is used to dynamically monitor the soil salinity, humidity, soil pH value, soil basic nutrient content and soil heavy metal content in the cultivated land at regular intervals to evaluate the quality and ecological status of the cultivated land, and the soil data is transmitted to the data processing unit in real time for analysis based on the wireless communication unit; the data acquisition unit includes:

[0059] Point distribution module, which is used to deploy multiple sensor monitoring points within the target cultivated land according to the actual area of ​​the target cultivated land, so that multiple monitoring points form a modular distribution to ensure the comprehensiveness of soil condition monitoring within the target cultivated land;

[0060] In this embodiment, if the target cultivated land is 20m long and 10m wide, the monitoring points of the target cultivated land can be divided into a 4×4 grid, with one monitoring point every 5m on the long side and every 2.5m on the wide side, thus forming 16 monitoring points; and each monitoring point is sorted, such as: P1, P2, P3, ..., P16; and a soil salinity sensor, a humidity sensor and a pH value sensor are installed in each monitoring point in sequence, so as to obtain multi-faceted soil data in the target cultivated land.

[0061] The timing collection module is used to pre-set the monitoring time nodes and one-time monitoring duration of the sensors at each monitoring point every day, and urge the control terminal to remotely control each sensor to collect soil data regularly according to the scheduled time;

[0062] Continuing with the above embodiment, for example, after determining the monitoring points and installing the sensors, the daily monitoring time nodes of each sensor can be set to 6:00am, 12:00am, and 18:00pm, and the one-time collection time of each sensor is 1min-2min. The above time is uploaded to the control terminal so that the control terminal can control each sensor to collect data according to the corresponding time.

[0063] The timing transmission module is used to set an alternating transmission node for each sensor, and transmit the soil salt condition, dryness and wetness condition, and pH condition in the cultivated land to the control terminal in batches; specifically, due to the diversity of soil data collection, if the environmental network speed is slow, it is easy to cause data transmission failure or data loss; therefore, when various data are transmitted, the soil salinity of each monitoring point can be transmitted first, and then the humidity of each monitoring point can be transmitted, and finally the pH value of each monitoring point can be transmitted, so as to avoid congestion in the data transmission channel and optimize the efficiency of data transmission.

[0064] The soil sampling module is used to determine the soil sampling points in the target cultivated land using the diagonal method, and then use the quartering method to take samples after digging and mixing the soil to ensure the representativeness of the samples. Specifically, soil sampling is a necessary and indispensable step in cultivated land ecological monitoring. By establishing sampling points and manually sampling the soil, the soil properties are obtained, so as to further assist farmers in mastering the information of cultivated land soil.

[0065] Specifically, the basic nutrient content of soil refers to the nutrients in the soil that can support plant growth, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc. These elements are necessary for plant growth and development, and are crucial to maintaining the balance of the ecosystem and agricultural production. Factors such as soil texture, pH value, and organic matter content will affect the effectiveness of these basic nutrients. For example, soil water retention and aeration can be improved by adjusting soil texture, thereby affecting the absorption and utilization of nutrients by plants. The heavy metal content of soil involves the concentration of heavy metal elements in the soil, such as mercury, cadmium, lead, copper, chromium, arsenic, etc. These heavy metals cannot be decomposed by soil microorganisms, are easily accumulated in the soil, and enter the human body through the food chain, causing serious harm to human health. Heavy metal pollution is hidden. Once it enters the human organs, it may cause poisoning, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, teratogenicity and other consequences. In summary, obtaining and understanding the basic nutrient content and heavy metal content of soil is crucial for evaluating soil quality and taking corresponding management measures. The monitoring and management of basic nutrient content is of great significance to promoting healthy plant growth and sustainable agricultural development, while the monitoring of heavy metal content is crucial to protecting human health and environmental safety.

[0066] The wireless communication unit is used to establish a data interaction network channel between the data acquisition unit and the control terminal. It adopts any one of the cellular, WiFi or LoRa communication technologies to realize long-distance data transmission for the cultivated land ecological monitoring system and provide a reference basis for the implementation of agricultural production.

[0067] Data processing unit for

[0068] Preset the soil salinity threshold, humidity threshold, soil pH threshold, soil basic nutrient content threshold and soil heavy metal content threshold in the cultivated land in advance, and compare the soil salinity, humidity, soil pH value, soil basic nutrient content and soil heavy metal content in the current cultivated land with the thresholds to obtain the soil salt condition, dry and wet condition, pH condition and soil content conditions in the current cultivated land; the data processing unit includes:

[0069] The threshold preset module is used to extract the average values ​​of historical soil salinity, humidity, soil pH value, soil basic nutrient content and soil heavy metal content in cultivated land, and obtain soil salinity threshold, humidity threshold, soil pH threshold, soil basic nutrient content threshold and soil heavy metal content threshold as a reference for judging the current soil condition of cultivated land; when extracting the average value, the threshold preset module includes collecting the soil salinity, humidity, soil pH value, soil basic nutrient content and soil heavy metal content of the cultivated land in a normal state, and then using the intermediate value extraction method to extract the soil salinity intermediate value, humidity intermediate value and pH intermediate value respectively as the three soil state thresholds;

[0070] Continuing with the previous embodiment, for example, by collecting historical soil data of cultivated land in the past, and the soil data should be data in a normal state, the data collection should be no less than five groups. In this embodiment, by collecting five groups of cultivated land soil data in the past, the extraction of the middle value method is used to obtain the relevant average value, and the following data is obtained through calculation: the soil salinity in cultivated land should generally be less than 3%, that is, the soil salinity threshold is ≤3%; the humidity threshold is 60%-90%, and the pH value threshold is 5.5-8.5.

[0071] The data comparison module is used to compare the soil salinity, humidity, soil pH value, soil basic nutrient content and soil heavy metal content in the current cultivated land with the soil salinity threshold, humidity threshold, soil pH threshold, soil basic nutrient content threshold and soil heavy metal content threshold, respectively, to obtain the soil salt condition, dry and wet condition, pH condition and soil content conditions in the current cultivated land;

[0072] Continuing with the previous embodiment, for example, various soil data of P1-P16 are monitored through various monitoring points, wherein the soil salinity in P1 is 4%, which is compared with the soil salinity threshold, and it is concluded that the soil salinity within the P1 monitoring point exceeds the standard; for another example, the soil moisture in P3 is 55%, which is compared with the soil moisture threshold, and it is concluded that the soil moisture within the P3 monitoring point is insufficient and the soil is dry; and so on, the status of various soil items in each monitoring point is obtained.

[0073] The result output module is used to feed back the current soil salt condition, dryness and wetness condition, pH condition and soil content condition in the cultivated land to the control terminal in real time through the wireless communication unit;

[0074] Continuing with the above embodiment, for example, through the above comparison, it is concluded that the soil salinity within the range of the P1 monitoring point exceeds the standard, the soil moisture within the range of the P3 monitoring point is insufficient and the soil is dry, and the other monitoring points are temporarily normal; thus, the above data is used as the monitoring result of this time and transmitted to the farmer's mobile phone terminal, i.e., the control terminal, through the wireless network.

[0075] Land adjustment unit for

[0076] Based on the current soil salt condition, dryness and wetness condition, pH condition and soil content condition in the cultivated land, remote control is carried out in combination with the control terminal to carry out appropriate irrigation, soil testing and formula fertilization and pest control for the current cultivated land soil; the cultivated land adjustment unit includes:

[0077] The strategy preset module is used to collect various problems existing in the soil of cultivated land in the past and their solution strategies, and classify and save the soil problems and their solution strategies according to the problem attributes to obtain a strategy database; specifically, by collecting various problems existing in cultivated land in the past and understanding the problem treatment strategies and their treatment effects, it is convenient to form reference materials for later cultivated land treatment; and classify and save them according to the causes, so that farmers can view the required information according to their own needs;

[0078] Continuing with the above embodiments, for example, the cause of the disease is excessive soil salinity and its treatment plan is: 1. Use organic fertilizer: Organic fertilizer comes from animal and plant waste, compost, etc., does not contain synthetic chemicals and pesticide residues, and is relatively safe for the environment and human body. The use of organic fertilizer can reduce the pollution risk of soil, water and air, and protect the ecological environment and human health; 2. Reasonable soil testing and fertilization: Reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers, optimize the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and use macroelements in combination with trace elements to reduce the accumulation of soil salt; 3. Deep plowing of the soil: It is recommended to deep plow the soil every 2-3 years, preferably in combination with a rotary tiller, or use a special greenhouse soil deep plowing machine, a small excavator, etc., the deep plowing depth can reach more than 40 cm to break the salt accumulation on the soil surface; for example: The cause of the disease is lack of soil moisture and dry soil and its treatment plan is: 1. Water replenishment: In the face of moisture shortage, water replenishment is the most direct and effective measure. In the case of continuous high temperature and no rainfall, the construction of water conservancy infrastructure is particularly important, which can help farmland to transport water in time when water is needed; second, soil covering: the use of mulch covering, straw covering and other methods can not only reduce the evaporation of water in the soil, but also increase soil temperature and increase soil fertilizer, thereby maintaining soil moisture.

[0079] Strategy preset module, including:

[0080] The keyword establishment module is used to extract the key factors of cultivated land soil problems and the subject elements of their solution strategies, and to create search keywords in the strategy database based on the key factors and the subject elements; specifically, by creating search keywords, it is convenient for farmers to retrieve the required information as quickly as possible, thereby improving the search efficiency and usability of the strategy database.

[0081] The strategy selection module is used to retrieve the same soil problems in the strategy database according to the existing soil problems in the current cultivated land, and obtain the corresponding solution strategies;

[0082] Continuing with the above embodiment, for example, the control terminal receives the current monitoring result that the soil salinity within the range of the P1 monitoring point exceeds the standard, the soil moisture within the range of the P3 monitoring point is insufficient and the soil is dry, and the other monitoring points are temporarily normal; first, search for the P1 problem factor to obtain the corresponding problem factor and treatment strategy in the strategy database, that is, the above: "The cause of the disease is that the soil salinity exceeds the standard and its treatment plan is: 1. Use organic fertilizers: Organic fertilizers come from animal and plant waste, compost, etc., do not contain synthetic chemicals and pesticide residues, and are relatively safe for the environment and human body. The use of organic fertilizers can reduce the pollution risks of soil, water and air, and protect the ecological environment and human health; 2. Reasonable soil testing and formula fertilization: Reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers, optimize the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and use a large number of elements in combination with medium and trace elements to reduce the accumulation of soil salt; 3. Deep plowing of the soil: It is recommended to deep plow the soil every 2-3 years, preferably in combination with a rotary tiller, or use a special greenhouse soil deep plowing machine, a small excavator, etc., and the deep plowing depth can reach 4 0 cm or more to break the salt accumulation on the soil surface"; then search for the P3 problem factor to obtain the corresponding problem factors and treatment strategies in the strategy database, that is, the above: "The cause of the disease is lack of soil moisture and dry soil and its treatment plan is: 1. Water replenishment: In the face of lack of moisture, water replenishment is the most direct and effective measure. In the case of continuous high temperature and no rainfall, the construction of water conservancy infrastructure is particularly important, which can help farmland to transport water in time when water is needed; 2. Soil covering: The use of mulch film covering, straw covering and other methods can not only reduce the evaporation of water in the soil, but also increase the soil temperature and increase the soil fertilizer, thereby maintaining soil moisture"; according to the above two treatment strategies as the current P1 and P3 treatment strategies, and transmit the two strategies to the control terminal, through the control terminal to the soil testing and fertilization subsystem and irrigation subsystem at the cultivated land site to perform soil testing and fertilization and irrigation within the monitoring range of P1 and P3 respectively, so as to effectively solve the problems of excessive soil salinity in P1 and insufficient soil moisture and dry soil in P3.

[0083] The strategy feedback module is used to feed back the current search solution strategy to the control terminal in real time for remote control

[0084] Continuing with the above embodiment, for example, after the soil testing and formula fertilization subsystem and irrigation subsystem at the farmland site respectively perform soil testing and formula fertilization and irrigation within the monitoring range of P1 and P3, the soil testing and formula fertilization and irrigation completion instructions are fed back to the farmer's mobile phone, that is, the control terminal. At this time, the farmer can send a temporary monitoring instruction to the P1 and P3 monitoring points to obtain the current soil salinity and soil moisture within the monitoring range of P1 and P3. After obtaining the current soil salinity and soil moisture, they are compared with the soil salinity threshold and soil moisture threshold. If the comparison result shows that the soil salinity and soil moisture are within the normal threshold, the control terminal sends a temporary monitoring instruction to P1 and P3. The P3 monitoring point issues an instruction to continue collecting data at the scheduled time node, and does not continue to issue soil testing, fertilization and irrigation instructions to the P1 and P3 monitoring ranges; if the comparison result shows that the soil salinity and soil moisture are still above or below the normal threshold, the control terminal issues a suspending collection instruction to the P1 and P3 monitoring points, and continues to issue soil testing, fertilization and irrigation instructions to the P1 and P3 monitoring ranges, and continues to provide feedback after the instruction is completed until the soil salinity and soil moisture in the P1 and P3 monitoring ranges are within the normal threshold, and then resumes normal collection nodes; thereby ensuring the effectiveness of the cultivated land ecological monitoring system and realizing the advantages of remote control of on-site operations.

[0085] The present invention provides a method for monitoring farmland ecology based on the Internet of Things, comprising the following steps:

[0086] S1. Regularly collect soil salinity, humidity, soil pH value, soil basic nutrient content and soil heavy metal content in the target cultivated land, and transmit them to the control terminal based on the wireless communication network;

[0087] S2. Preset the soil salinity threshold, humidity threshold, soil pH threshold, soil basic nutrient content threshold and soil heavy metal content threshold in advance, compare the current soil salinity, humidity, soil pH value, soil basic nutrient content and soil heavy metal content with their corresponding thresholds, and obtain the current soil salt condition, dry and wet condition, pH condition and soil content conditions;

[0088] S3. Analyze whether there are any abnormal conditions in the current soil conditions, retrieve the corresponding historical problems based on the abnormal condition theme factors, obtain the corresponding solution strategies based on the historical problems, and remotely control the cultivated land site through the control terminal to perform irrigation, soil testing and formula fertilization or pest control according to the specified strategy;

[0089] S4. After the work instruction is completed, feedback is given to the control terminal, and the control terminal continues to issue soil monitoring instructions to the target cultivated land. If it is determined that the current soil conditions are normal, the sending of work instructions is suspended; if it is determined that there is an abnormal state in the current soil conditions, the control terminal continues to send appropriate work instructions to the cultivated land site according to the current abnormal soil state until the soil state of the cultivated land meets the normal state.

[0090] The beneficial effects achieved by the above content: Through the above method, each farmer can obtain cultivated land soil information through a smart phone and realize remote control of on-site operations, which effectively helps farmers better manage crops based on the Internet of Things technology and improve agricultural production efficiency.

[0091] Working principle: By loading the farmland ecological monitoring system on farmers' smartphones, the soil salinity, humidity, soil pH value, soil basic nutrient content and soil heavy metal content in the target farmland are collected regularly according to each sensor, and transmitted to the farmer's smartphone based on the wireless communication network; the system compares the current soil salinity, humidity, soil pH value, soil basic nutrient content and soil heavy metal content with their corresponding thresholds to obtain the current soil salt condition, dry and wet condition, pH condition and soil content conditions; analyzes whether there are abnormal conditions in the current soil conditions, and retrieves the corresponding historical problems and solutions based on the abnormal condition theme factors. Farmers use their mobile phones, i.e., the control terminal, to send control instructions to the farmland site, and remotely control the farmland site to irrigate, test soil and formulate fertilizers or pest control according to the specified strategy; after the work instruction is completed, feedback is given to the control terminal until the current soil is no longer in an abnormal state, then the instruction control is suspended, and the sensors are restored to the original monitoring frequency.

[0092] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0093] While the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention.

Claims

1. Farmland ecological monitoring system based on the Internet of Things, It is characterized in that include: The control terminal is a farmer's smartphone, used for Receive and analyze farmland ecological data, and remotely control the target farmland for irrigation, soil testing and fertilization, and pest control based on the real-time farmland soil conditions to ensure crop yields and agricultural benefits; Data acquisition unit for Sensors are used to dynamically monitor soil salinity, humidity, soil pH, soil basic nutrient content and soil heavy metal content in cultivated land at regular intervals to evaluate the quality and ecological status of cultivated land. The soil data is then transmitted to the data processing unit in real time for analysis based on the wireless communication unit. The wireless communication unit is used to establish a data interaction network channel between the data acquisition unit and the control terminal, using any one of cellular, WiFi or LoRa communication technologies to achieve long-distance data transmission for the cultivated land ecological monitoring system and provide a reference basis for the implementation of agricultural production; Data processing unit for Preset the soil salinity threshold, humidity threshold, soil pH threshold, soil basic nutrient content threshold and soil heavy metal content threshold in the cultivated land in advance, and compare the soil salinity, humidity, soil pH value, soil basic nutrient content and soil heavy metal content in the current cultivated land with the corresponding thresholds to obtain the soil salt condition, dry and wet condition, pH condition and soil content conditions in the current cultivated land; Land adjustment unit for Based on the current soil salt conditions, dryness and wetness conditions, pH conditions and soil content conditions in the cultivated land, remote control is carried out in combination with the control terminal to carry out appropriate irrigation, soil testing and fertilization, and pest control for the current cultivated land.

2. According to the farmland ecological monitoring system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, Features: The control terminal comprises A data receiving module is used to receive in real time the soil salinity, humidity, pH value and soil salt condition, dryness and wetness condition, pH condition of the cultivated land and the current cultivated land strategy instruction information fed back from the cultivated land adjustment unit; The command receiving and sending module is used to send corresponding work instructions to the farmland site based on the current farmland strategy command information fed back from the farmland adjustment unit and in combination with the soil salt condition, dryness and wetness condition, and pH condition in the current farmland; The instruction feedback module is used to feedback the work completion instruction to the control terminal after completing the currently sent work instruction at the farming site.

3. According to the farmland ecological monitoring system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 2, Features: After the instruction feedback module feeds back the work completion instruction to the control terminal, the control terminal continues to send cultivated land soil monitoring instructions to the data acquisition unit. If it is determined that the soil salinity, humidity, and pH value in the current cultivated land are all within the threshold range, the control terminal suspends the sending of work instructions; if it is determined that the soil salinity, humidity, and pH value in the current cultivated land are not within the threshold range, the control terminal continues to send appropriate work instructions to the cultivated land site according to the current state of the cultivated land soil until the state of the cultivated land soil meets the predetermined threshold.

4. According to the farmland ecological monitoring system based on the Internet of Things as claimed in claim 1, Features: The data acquisition unit comprises Point distribution module, which is used to deploy multiple sensor monitoring points within the target cultivated land according to the actual area of ​​the target cultivated land, so that multiple monitoring points form a modular distribution to ensure the comprehensiveness of soil condition monitoring within the target cultivated land; The timing collection module is used to pre-set the monitoring time nodes and one-time monitoring duration of the sensors at each monitoring point every day, and urge the control terminal to remotely control each sensor to collect soil data regularly according to the scheduled time; The timing transmission module is used to set alternating transmission nodes for each sensor, and transmit the soil salt condition, dryness and wetness condition, and pH condition in the cultivated land to the control terminal in batches.

5. According to the farmland ecological monitoring system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 4, Features: The data acquisition unit also includes The soil sampling module is used to determine the soil sampling points in the target cultivated land using the diagonal method, and the soil is excavated and mixed before sampling using the quartering method to ensure the representativeness of the samples.

6. The farmland ecological monitoring system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, Features: The data processing unit comprises The threshold preset module is used to extract the average values ​​of historical soil salinity, humidity, soil pH value, soil basic nutrient content and soil heavy metal content in cultivated land, and obtain the soil salinity threshold, humidity threshold, soil pH threshold, soil basic nutrient content threshold and soil heavy metal content threshold respectively, as a reference for judging the current cultivated land soil condition; The data comparison module is used to compare the soil salinity, humidity, soil pH value, soil basic nutrient content and soil heavy metal content in the current cultivated land with the soil salinity threshold, humidity threshold, soil pH threshold, soil basic nutrient content threshold and soil heavy metal content threshold, respectively, to obtain the soil salt condition, dry and wet condition, pH condition and soil content conditions in the current cultivated land; The result output module is used to feed back the current soil salt condition, dryness and wetness condition, pH condition and soil content condition in the cultivated land to the control terminal in real time through the wireless communication unit.

7. The method for monitoring farmland ecology based on the Internet of Things according to claim 6, Features: When extracting the average value, the threshold preset module collects the soil salinity, humidity, soil pH value, soil basic nutrient content and soil heavy metal content of the soil in the normal state in the cultivated land, and then uses the intermediate value extraction method to extract the soil salinity intermediate value, humidity intermediate value and pH intermediate value respectively as the three soil state thresholds.

8. The farmland ecological monitoring system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, Features: The cultivated land adjustment unit comprises The strategy preset module is used to collect various soil problems existing in cultivated land in the past and their solution strategies, and classify and save the soil problems and their solution strategies according to the problem attributes to obtain a strategy database; The strategy selection module is used to retrieve the same soil problems in the strategy database according to the existing soil problems in the current cultivated land, and obtain the corresponding solution strategies; The strategy feedback module is used to feed back the current search solution strategy to the control terminal in real time for remote control.

9. According to the farmland ecological monitoring system based on the Internet of Things as claimed in claim 8, Features: The strategy preset module includes The keyword building module is used to extract the key factors of cultivated land soil problems and the subject elements of their solution strategies, and to create search keywords in the strategy database based on the key factors and subject elements.

10. A farmland ecological monitoring method based on the Internet of Things, implemented based on the farmland ecological monitoring system based on the Internet of Things according to any one of claims 1 to 9, Features: The following steps are involved: S1. Regularly collect soil salinity, humidity, soil pH value, soil basic nutrient content and soil heavy metal content in the target cultivated land, and transmit them to the control terminal based on the wireless communication network; S2. Preset the soil salinity threshold, humidity threshold, soil pH threshold, soil basic nutrient content threshold and soil heavy metal content threshold in advance, compare the current soil salinity, humidity, soil pH value, soil basic nutrient content and soil heavy metal content with their corresponding thresholds, and obtain the current soil salt condition, dry and wet condition, pH condition and soil content conditions; S3. Analyze whether there are any abnormal conditions in the current soil conditions, retrieve the corresponding historical problems based on the abnormal condition theme factors, obtain the corresponding solution strategies based on the historical problems, and remotely control the cultivated land site through the control terminal to perform irrigation, soil testing and formula fertilization or pest control according to the specified strategy; S4. After the work instruction is completed, feedback is given to the control terminal, and the control terminal continues to issue soil monitoring instructions to the target cultivated land. If it is determined that the current soil conditions are normal, the sending of work instructions is suspended; if it is determined that there is an abnormal state in the current soil conditions, the control terminal continues to send appropriate work instructions to the cultivated land site according to the current abnormal soil state until the soil state of the cultivated land meets the normal state.

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