Wide-angle high-gain common-caliber satellite communication-in-moving antenna

Abstract

The invention discloses a wide-angle high-gain common-caliber satellite communication-in-moving antenna, and belongs to the technical field of satellite communication. The antenna comprises an antenna array, a T / R assembly, a feed network and a support frame. Wherein the antenna array comprises two layers of antenna units which are annularly and uniformly arranged, and the whole antenna array is in an inverted bowl shape; the T / R assembly comprises a circular substrate, a receiving channel assembly, a transmitting channel assembly and a duplexer assembly; and the supporting frame is used for supporting and fixing the antenna array. The antenna has the advantages of being high in scanning speed and tracking precision, meanwhile, by changing the working state of the T / R assembly, beam pointing can be controlled, a larger-angle scanning range can be achieved, and the scanning gain is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of satellite communications, and in particular relates to a large-angle high-gain common-aperture satellite communication antenna in motion. Background Art

[0002] Satellite communication antennas in motion need to have beam scanning capabilities to achieve satellite tracking functions. Existing parabolic antennas achieve beam scanning through servo systems and planar phased array antennas achieve beam scanning through phase shifters.

[0003] The traditional parabolic antenna is composed of a reflector, a feed source, a servo system, etc. The beam scanning is achieved through the mechanical rotation of the servo system, and a large-angle scanning can be achieved, but only one satellite beam can be linked. If multiple satellites need to be tracked, multiple antennas must be built, and the satellite switching speed is also very slow. In addition, due to the heavy weight and large size of the mechanical servo structure, the application scenarios of the antenna are limited. The phased array planar antenna is composed of an antenna array, a T / R component, a control module, a power supply, etc. The beam scanning is achieved by changing the feed phase of the antenna unit through the phase shifter in the T / R component, and fast electronic scanning can be achieved. It has the advantages of high tracking accuracy and light weight, but the scanning range that the planar phased array antenna can achieve is limited, mostly limited to ±60° scanning, and a few can achieve ±70° scanning. For the application scenarios of satellite communication in motion that require a larger scanning range, the planar phased array antenna does not meet the requirements, and it is necessary to further expand the large-angle scanning capability of the phased array antenna. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the defects of the prior art, the present invention proposes a large-angle, high-gain, common-aperture satellite communication antenna in motion.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A large-angle high-gain common-aperture satellite communication antenna in motion comprises an antenna array, a T / R component, a feed network, and a support frame.

[0007] The antenna array comprises two layers of antenna units evenly arranged in a ring shape; wherein the inclination angle of the antenna units in the upper layer is smaller than the inclination angle of the antenna units in the lower layer, and the whole antenna array is in an inverted bowl shape.

[0008] The T / R component includes a circular substrate, a receiving channel component located on the front side of the substrate, a transmitting channel component and a duplexer component located on the back side of the substrate; the receiving channel component includes a number of receiving channel modules equal to the number of antenna units, and all receiving channel modules are evenly arranged in a ring array; the transmitting channel component includes a number of receiving channel modules equal to the number of antenna units, and all receiving channel modules are evenly arranged in a ring array; the duplexer component includes a number of duplexers equal to the number of antenna units, the receiving channel modules and the transmitting channel modules are respectively connected to the branch ports of the duplexers, and the common ports of the duplexers are connected to the corresponding antenna units; by controlling the working states of the receiving channel modules and the transmitting channel modules, the beam pointing is controlled to achieve large-angle scanning of the antenna array.

[0009] The feeding network is used to distribute the power of the transmission signal to the transmission channel module and transmit it to the antenna unit for radiation, and at the same time, synthesize the receiving signals of the receiving channel module into one channel and transmit it to the back-end processing module.

[0010] The support frame is placed directly above the circular substrate and is used to support and fix the antenna array.

[0011] Preferably, when the number of upper layer antenna units is n, the number of lower layer antennas is 2n.

[0012] Preferably, the antenna unit adopts a dual-frequency microstrip antenna, and the two frequency bands are used for transmission and reception respectively.

[0013] Preferably, the antenna unit is a dual-band microstrip antenna, comprising a square lower substrate, a large square patch, a square upper substrate, and a small square patch, which are stacked from bottom to top and have decreasing side lengths; wherein the large square patch is provided with two matching gaps and two circular isolation holes, and the small square patch is provided with two matching gaps and two feeding points; the two matching gaps located in the large square patch are rectangular gaps, and are respectively parallel to the sides of two adjacent large square patches; the two matching gaps located in the small square patch extend inward from the rectangular gap and its two ends The rectangular slots are parallel to the two matching slots on the large square patch, and the distance between the lower matching slot and the center of the antenna unit is greater than the distance between the upper matching slot and the center of the antenna unit; the two feeding points are respectively located on the two midlines of the small square patch and adjacent to the rectangular matching slots; the two circular isolation holes are respectively located directly below the two feeding points; the two coaxial probes pass through the square lower substrate, the circular isolation holes, and the square upper substrate and are respectively connected to the two feeding points, and circularly polarized radiation is achieved by feeding the two feeding points simultaneously.

[0014] Preferably, an antenna cover is also provided directly above the antenna array; the antenna cover matches the shape of the antenna array and is in the shape of an inverted bowl as a whole, which can protect the antenna from the influence of the external environment.

[0015] Preferably, a heat dissipation base plate and a heat sink are sequentially arranged directly below the circular substrate.

[0016] Preferably, the common port of the feeding network is located at the center of the circular substrate to achieve equal amplitude and phase of the antenna channels.

[0017] Preferably, the common port of the duplexer is connected to the antenna unit via an amplitude- and phase-stabilized cable.

[0018] Preferably, the support frame adopts a hollow truss structure.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0020] 1. The antenna array of the present invention is composed of two layers of annularly arranged antenna units, which are in the shape of an inverted bowl as a whole. It has the advantages of fast scanning speed and high tracking accuracy of traditional phased array electronic scanning, and can achieve a larger scanning range with high scanning gain.

[0021] 2. The antenna unit of the present invention adopts a dual-frequency microstrip antenna to achieve common aperture for transmission and reception and reduce the radiation aperture area.

[0022] 3. The T / R component of the present invention is located below the antenna array, the receiving component and the transmitting component are respectively located on the front and back of the circular substrate, and the modules are arranged at equal angles and arranged in a circular array; the common port of the feeding network is located at the rotation center of the ring to achieve equal amplitude and phase of the antenna channels.

[0023] 4. A hollow frame structure is used as the supporting structure of the antenna array, and the fixed points of the antenna are connected with trusses. This design can not only ensure the rigidity and strength of the overall frame, but also reduce the weight of the product as much as possible.

[0024] 5. Placing a radome directly above the antenna array can protect the antenna from the external environment.

[0025] 6. A heat dissipation base plate and a radiator are provided directly below the T / R assembly to dissipate heat for the entire machine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 The present invention is a principle block diagram of a large-angle, high-gain, common-aperture satellite communication antenna in motion.

[0027] Figure 2 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the composition of a large-angle, high-gain, common-aperture satellite communication antenna in motion according to an embodiment.

[0028] Figure 3 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the antenna array layout of an embodiment of a large-angle, high-gain, common-aperture satellite communication antenna in motion.

[0029] Figure 4 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the structure of a transmitting and receiving co-aperture dual-frequency microstrip antenna unit in a large-angle high-gain co-aperture satellite communication moving antenna according to an embodiment.

[0030] Figure 5 The present invention is a standing wave simulation result of a dual-frequency microstrip antenna unit in a large-angle, high-gain, common-aperture satellite communication moving antenna in an embodiment.

[0031] Figure 6 The present invention is a simulation result of the directional pattern of a large-angle high-gain common-aperture satellite communication antenna in motion when the receiving and transmitting frequency bands are scanned to 90° at a 0° section. (a) is the scanning directional pattern of the receiving frequency band 1.52 GHz; (b) is the scanning directional pattern of the transmitting frequency band 1.67 GHz.

[0032] Figure 7 This is an embodiment of a layout diagram of T / R components in a large-angle, high-gain, common-aperture satellite communication antenna in motion.

[0033] Figure 8 The invention discloses an antenna support frame for a large-angle, high-gain, common-aperture satellite communication antenna in motion.

[0034] Fig. 9 The present invention is a schematic diagram of a heat dissipation base plate and a radiator in a large-angle, high-gain, common-aperture satellite communication antenna in motion, wherein (a) is an integrated heat dissipation base plate and (b) is a radiator.

[0035] Explanation of the reference numerals: 1. antenna cover, 2. antenna array, 3. support frame, 4. T / R assembly, 5. heat dissipation base plate, 6. radiator, 21. square lower substrate, 22. large square patch, 23. square upper substrate, 24. small square patch, 25. positioning column, 26. feeding point, 27. upper rectangular matching gap, 28. lower rectangular matching gap, 29, circular isolation hole, 41. circular substrate, 42. receiving channel assembly, 43. transmitting channel assembly, 44. duplexer assembly. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0037] The present embodiment is a large-angle high-gain common-aperture satellite communication antenna in motion, which is composed of an antenna array, a T / R assembly, a feed network, a support frame, a radome, a heat dissipation base plate, and a heat sink. Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown.

[0038] The antenna array, such as Figure 3 As shown, it includes two layers of antenna units evenly arranged in a ring shape; to ensure that the array element spacing is half a wavelength, the number of antenna units located in the upper layer is 8, and the angle with the horizontal plane is 50°; the number of antenna units located in the lower layer is 16, and the angle with the horizontal plane is 75°; the bottom diameter of the antenna array is 300mm, the top diameter is 225mm, and the total height is 160mm.

[0039] The antenna unit is a dual-frequency microstrip antenna, which introduces two resonance points by adopting a double-layer patch structure, thereby realizing dual frequency bands, and the two frequency bands are used for transmission and reception respectively.

[0040] The antenna unit, such as Figure 4 As shown, it includes a square lower substrate, a large square patch, a square upper substrate, and a small square patch which are stacked from bottom to top and have decreasing side lengths; the two substrates are fixedly connected by a positioning column located in the center.

[0041] Among them, the large square patch is provided with two matching gaps and two circular isolation holes, and the small square patch is provided with two matching gaps and two feeding points; the two matching gaps located on the large square patch are rectangular gaps, and are respectively parallel to the sides of two adjacent large square patches; the two matching gaps located on the small square patch are composed of a rectangular gap and gap branches extending inward at both ends, and the rectangular gaps are respectively parallel to the two matching gaps on the large square patch; the distance between the lower matching gap and the center of the antenna unit is greater than the distance between the upper matching gap and the center of the antenna unit; the two feeding points are respectively located on the two midlines of the small square patch and adjacent to the rectangular matching gap; the two circular isolation holes are respectively located directly below the two feeding points; the two coaxial probes pass through the square lower substrate, the circular isolation holes, and the square upper substrate and are respectively connected to the two feeding points. Specifically, the dimensions of the antenna unit in this embodiment are: a1=50mm, a2=44mm, a3=38mm, a4=34mm, l1=10mm, l2=7mm, d1=8mm, the width of the upper rectangular matching gap and the width of the lower rectangular gap are both 1mm, the spacing between the upper rectangular matching gap and the feeding point is 1.5mm, and the projected spacing between the lower rectangular gap and the upper rectangular matching gap is 5.2mm.

[0042] By feeding two feeding points simultaneously, left-hand circularly polarized radiation in the two frequency bands of 1.66 GHz to 1.69 GHz and 1.50 GHz to 1.53 GHz can be achieved.

[0043] Figure 5 This is the standing wave simulation result of the dual-band microstrip antenna unit. It can be seen that the bandwidth of the standing wave less than 2 is 1.50GHz~1.53GHz and 1.66GHz~1.69GHz.

[0044] The T / R components, such as Figure 7 As shown, it includes a circular substrate, a receiving channel component located on the front side of the substrate, a transmitting channel component and a duplexer component located on the back side of the substrate; the receiving channel component includes 24 receiving channel modules which are the same number as the antenna units, and all the receiving channel modules are evenly arranged in a 15° equidistant circular array; the transmitting channel component includes 24 receiving channel modules which are the same number as the antenna units, and all the receiving channel modules are evenly arranged in a 15° equidistant circular array; the duplexer component includes 24 duplexers which are the same number as the antenna units, and all the duplexers are evenly arranged in a 15° equidistant circular array, the receiving channel modules and the transmitting channel modules are respectively connected to the branch ports of the duplexers, and the common ports of the duplexers are connected to the corresponding antenna units through amplitude and phase stabilizing cables; by controlling the working states of the receiving channel modules and the transmitting channel modules, the beam pointing is controlled to achieve large-angle scanning of the antenna array.

[0045] The feeding network is used to distribute the power of the transmission signal to the transmission channel module and transmit it to the antenna unit for radiation, and at the same time synthesize the receiving signal of the receiving channel module into one channel and transmit it to the back-end processing module; the feeding network is a 1-24 power division network. Considering the integrated design of the feeding network, it is implemented by cascading 1 1-3 power division chip and 21 1-2 power division chips. The common port of the feeding network is located at the center of the circular substrate to achieve equal amplitude and phase of the antenna channels.

[0046] The support frame is placed directly above the circular substrate and is used to support and fix the antenna array; Figure 8 As shown, the support frame adopts a hollow truss structure, and the fixed points of the antenna are connected with trusses. This design can not only ensure the rigidity and strength of the overall frame, but also reduce the weight of the product as much as possible.

[0047] The antenna cover is located directly above the antenna array; the antenna cover matches the shape of the antenna array and is in an inverted bowl shape as a whole, which can protect the antenna from the influence of the external environment.

[0048] The heat dissipation bottom plate and the radiator are arranged directly below the circular substrate.

[0049] During the scanning process, only some of the 24 antenna units are in working state; when the beam points to the normal direction, 24 antenna units are working; when the beam points to 30°, 15 antenna units are working; when the beam points to 60°, 13 antenna units are working; when the beam points to 80°, 11 antenna units are working; when the beam points to 90°, 11 antenna units are working; when the beam points to 100°, 9 antenna units are working. That is, the phased array antenna of the present invention can realize ±100° beam scanning, and the scanning gain fluctuation range is about 3.5dB; within the ±90° scanning range, the scanning gain fluctuation range is less than 3dB.

[0050] Figure 6 The present invention is a simulation result of the directional pattern of a large-angle high-gain common-aperture satellite communication antenna in motion when the receiving and transmitting frequency bands are scanned to 90° at a 0° section (azimuth angle phi=0°). Among them, (a) is the scanning directional pattern of the receiving frequency band 1.52GHz, and the gain is 10.99dB when scanning to 100°; (b) is the scanning directional pattern of the transmitting frequency band 1.67GHz, and the gain is 10.72dB when scanning to 100°.

Claims

1. A large-angle, high-gain, common-aperture satellite communication antenna in motion, comprising an antenna array, a T / R assembly, a feed network, and a support frame; It is characterized in that The antenna array comprises two layers of antenna units evenly arranged in a ring shape; wherein the inclination angle of the antenna units in the upper layer is smaller than the inclination angle of the antenna units in the lower layer, and the whole antenna array is in an inverted bowl shape; The T / R component includes a circular substrate, a receiving channel component located on the front side of the substrate, a transmitting channel component and a duplexer component located on the back side of the substrate; the receiving channel component includes a number of receiving channel modules equal to the number of antenna units, and all receiving channel modules are evenly arranged in a ring array; the transmitting channel component includes a number of receiving channel modules equal to the number of antenna units, and all receiving channel modules are evenly arranged in a ring array; the duplexer component includes a number of duplexers equal to the number of antenna units, the receiving channel modules and the transmitting channel modules are respectively connected to the branch ports of the duplexers, and the common ports of the duplexers are connected to the corresponding antenna units; by controlling the working states of the receiving channel modules and the transmitting channel modules, the beam pointing is controlled to achieve large-angle scanning of the antenna array; The feed network is used to distribute the power of the transmission signal to the transmission channel module and transmit it to the antenna unit for radiation, and at the same time synthesize the receiving signal of the receiving channel module into one channel and transmit it to the back-end processing module; The support frame is placed directly above the circular substrate and is used to support and fix the antenna array.

2. A large-angle, high-gain, common-aperture satellite communication antenna in motion as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: When the number of upper antenna units is n, the number of lower antennas is 2n.

3. A large-angle, high-gain, common-aperture satellite communication antenna in motion as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The antenna unit adopts a dual-frequency microstrip antenna, and the two frequency bands are used for transmission and reception respectively.

4. A large-angle, high-gain, common-aperture satellite communication antenna in motion as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The antenna unit is a dual-band microstrip antenna, comprising a square lower substrate, a large square patch, a square upper substrate, and a small square patch, which are stacked from bottom to top and have decreasing side lengths; wherein the large square patch is provided with two matching gaps and two circular isolation holes, and the small square patch is provided with two matching gaps and two feeding points; the two matching gaps located in the large square patch are rectangular gaps, and are respectively parallel to the sides of two adjacent large square patches; the two matching gaps located in the small square patch are extended inward from the rectangular gap and its two ends. The antenna is composed of slot branches, in which the rectangular slots are parallel to the two matching slots on the large square patch, and the distance between the lower matching slot and the center of the antenna unit is greater than the distance between the upper matching slot and the center of the antenna unit; the two feeding points are respectively located on the two midlines of the small square patch and adjacent to the rectangular matching slots; the two circular isolation holes are respectively located directly below the two feeding points; the two coaxial probes pass through the square lower substrate, the circular isolation holes, and the square upper substrate and are respectively connected to the two feeding points, and circularly polarized radiation is achieved by feeding the two feeding points simultaneously.

5. A large-angle, high-gain, common-aperture satellite communication antenna in motion as claimed in claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: A radome is also provided directly above the antenna array; the radome matches the shape of the antenna array and is in the shape of an inverted bowl as a whole, thereby protecting the antenna from the influence of the external environment.

6. A large-angle, high-gain, common-aperture satellite communication antenna in motion as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: A heat dissipation bottom plate and a radiator are arranged in sequence directly below the circular substrate.

7. A large-angle, high-gain, common-aperture satellite communication antenna in motion as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The common port of the feeding network is located at the center of the circular substrate, so that the antenna channels are of equal amplitude and phase.

8. The large-angle, high-gain, common-aperture satellite communication antenna in motion as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The common port of the duplexer is connected to the antenna unit through an amplitude-stabilized and phase-stabilized cable.

9. The large-angle, high-gain, common-aperture satellite communication antenna in motion as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The supporting frame adopts a hollow truss structure.

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