Surface evaporation photo-thermal gas trapping system and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a surface evaporation photo-thermal gas trapping system and method, and belongs to the technical field of carbon emission reduction, and the method comprises the following steps: trapping gas in gas by using a gas absorbent until the gas is saturated; the method comprises the following steps: putting a photo-thermal conversion material into an absorbent containing saturated gas, focusing light energy by taking the photo-thermal conversion material as a carrier under illumination intensity by utilizing the characteristic that the photo-thermal conversion material is sensitive to photo-thermal, converting the obtained energy into heat by the photo-thermal conversion material, diffusing the heat out of the material, and converting the light energy in the form of heat energy, so that the surface of the material and a surrounding medium are heated; the absorbent is disturbed by the temperature to release gas, and finally the photo-thermal driving gas desorption and release process with the material as the matrix is achieved. According to the invention, low-energy-consumption and low-cost long-acting stable operation of gas trapping of photo-thermal surface evaporation can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of carbon emission reduction, and more specifically, to a surface evaporation photothermal CO2 capture system and method. Background Art

[0002] CO2 capture is one of the important means of carbon emission reduction. According to the different CO2 capture mechanisms, these capture strategies are mainly through chemical absorption, physical absorption and adsorption, membrane separation, low-temperature distillation and other methods. Even though there are differences between different CO2 capture technologies, the high economic problems caused by low efficiency and high energy consumption of CO2 capture cannot be ignored. It accounts for 80% of the total CCUS energy consumption, which seriously restricts the promotion and application of CO2 emission reduction and utilization technology. For example: the amine chemical absorption method based on monoethanolamine is the most mature and successfully applied chemical absorbent in the US Project Tundra coal-fired power plant capture project, but the desorption process requires a temperature of up to 104°C for CO2 to be desorbed from the solution. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a lot of energy to separate CO2 using this method. However, the regeneration energy consumption of the system to capture 1 mol of CO2 is as high as 132.0-176.0 kJ. Although current carbon capture technology can improve energy efficiency and reduce capture energy consumption by improving absorbents, improving heat exchange design, and applying catalysts, the capture energy consumption of the improved amine chemical absorption method is still as high as 106.0-132.0 kJ / mol CO2.

[0003] CO2 emissions in the atmosphere mainly come from the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal. my country's energy industry structure, which is dominated by fossil energy, urgently needs technological upgrading and green transformation, which also means that CO2 emissions are difficult to reduce in a short period of time. Carbon emission reduction technology will help mitigate a series of environmental impacts brought about by the greenhouse effect. Chemical absorption is a relatively mature technology currently used in industry. This method is a reaction between CO2 and the absorbent. The absorbent absorbs CO2 at a lower temperature and then desorbs it at a higher temperature to achieve the absorption and separation of CO2. Currently reported carbon capture absorbent regeneration technologies include thermal desorption regeneration technology, pressure reduction desorption regeneration technology, calcium regeneration technology and membrane regeneration technology, all of which face problems such as high equipment cost, easy corrosion of equipment and high energy consumption.

[0004] Since there are many types of absorbents used in carbon capture methods, the selectivity and universality of photothermal materials for different absorbents will be a major problem. In addition, there is currently no research to show whether photothermal materials are effectively applicable to absorbents used in CO2 capture methods in the long term. The design and preparation of photothermal materials are also greatly affected by the desorption environment. For example, if metal copper photothermal materials are placed in a CO2 capture system with an organic amine system for a long time, it may cause the photothermal materials to slowly dissolve, resulting in material loss, and it is difficult to be used for CO2 desorption stably in the long term. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide a surface evaporation photothermal gas capture system and method, which can achieve low energy consumption, low cost, long-term and stable operation of photothermal surface evaporation gas capture.

[0006] The object of the present invention is achieved through the following solutions:

[0007] A surface evaporation photothermal CO2 capture system comprises: a CO2 capture device, a pump, a CO2 absorbent 2, a photothermal conversion and CO2 desorption reaction device and a CO2 collection tank, wherein the CO2 capture device comprises a CO2 absorbent and a CO2 absorption tower, and the photothermal conversion and CO2 desorption reaction device comprises a photothermal conversion material and a CO2 absorbent 2; a carbon capture CO2 absorbent 1 is used to capture CO2 in a CO2-containing gas until the CO2 absorbent 1 reaches saturation and can no longer absorb CO2 in the gas; the CO2 in the CO2 absorbent 1 is desorbed and released, and the absorbent is regenerated, a carbon absorbent is arranged in the CO2 absorption tower, and the carbon absorbent in the CO2 absorption tower is pumped into the photothermal conversion and CO2 desorption reaction device through a pump; in the photothermal conversion and CO2 desorption reaction device filled with an absorption liquid saturated with CO2 The photothermal conversion material prepared in advance is placed in the reaction device. Under the irradiation of light energy, except for a part reflected by the surface of the material, the remaining sunlight will be absorbed by the photothermal conversion material in the photothermal conversion and CO2 desorption reaction device and converted into heat. A temperature difference is formed at the interface between the material and the CO2 absorbent, and the energy is directly transferred to the evaporation surface; the temperature difference at the interface serves as a driving force, and the heat is diffused and transferred to the absorbent, causing the solution temperature at the interface to increase, providing energy for releasing CO2, realizing absorbent regeneration, and desorbing pure CO2 gas at the same time. The pure CO2 gas collected from the photothermal conversion and CO2 desorption reaction device is transported to the CO2 collection tank through a pipeline for storage or utilization, and the desorbed carbon absorbent is recycled and input into the CO2 absorption tower through a pump to carry out the CO2 absorption-CO2 desorption process again.

[0008] Furthermore, the light energy includes natural sunlight, room temperature light or strong light.

[0009] Furthermore, the photothermal conversion material includes metal, organic, inorganic or composite materials.

[0010] Further, the CO2 includes pure CO2 gas or a non-pure CO2 gas source.

[0011] Furthermore, the distribution positions of the photothermal conversion material in the CO2 absorbent 2 include the surface of the system, the bottom of the system and uniform distribution throughout the system.

[0012] Furthermore, the second CO2 absorbent also includes a solid CO2 absorbent or a liquid CO2 absorbent.

[0013] Furthermore, the surface evaporation photothermal CO2 capture system can be designed as an integrated device according to demand, and can also be designed as an integrated device through series and parallel connection of the system, which is used to capture CO2 in the air or for capturing CO2 in flue gas from coal-fired power plants, factory exhaust gas, and transportation exhaust gas.

[0014] Furthermore, when the distribution positions of the photothermal conversion material in the CO2 absorber 2 are respectively the bottom of the system and uniformly distributed in the whole system, they correspond to the bottom heating carbon absorber and the volume heating carbon absorber respectively;

[0015] In a bottom-heated solar-driven evaporation system, the photothermal conversion material is placed at the bottom of the absorber, and the heat energy spreads from the bottom to contact the absorber; volumetric heating absorbs solar energy by moving the heat flow generated by the photothermal material evenly distributed in the system to the interior of the fluid, causing the absorber to heat up evenly.

[0016] A surface evaporation photothermal gas capture system, as described in any of the above items, the gas CO2 can be replaced by SO2 or ammonia nitrogen, which is used in the field of light energy and SO2 capture, and the field of light energy and ammonia nitrogen capture respectively.

[0017] A surface evaporation photothermal gas capture method comprising:

[0018] Step 1, using a gas absorbent to capture gas in the gas until saturation;

[0019] Step 2: Place the photothermal conversion material into an absorbent containing saturated gas, and use its photothermal sensitivity to focus light energy under light intensity using the photothermal material as a carrier. The photothermal conversion material converts the obtained energy into heat, and the heat diffuses from the material. The light energy is converted into thermal energy, causing the surface of the material and the surrounding medium to heat up. The absorbent is disturbed by temperature and releases gas, ultimately realizing a photothermal-driven gas desorption and release process based on the material.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention include:

[0021] In the embodiment of the present invention, solar energy is used as input energy, which not only has high energy utilization rate, but also has no pollution and low energy consumption. In the actual application process, the system can use light energy of different wavelengths to increase the capture rate of light energy as much as possible. By desorbing CO2 through a simple water phase change process, production demand can be reduced, the carbon capture process route can be optimized, and the processing equipment can be simplified, so that it is almost not restricted by the site and the natural environment. Secondly, the photothermal material converts light energy into heat energy, and the temperature difference generated at the interface with the absorbent is used as a driving force, causing the absorbent to heat up rapidly on the surface of the photothermal material, realizing the desorption of CO2, and the carbon absorbent is regenerated at the same time for subsequent capture of CO2. It has the dual role of "CO2 capture-absorbent regeneration". In addition, the photothermal material is directly floated on the water surface or connected to the bottom water body by other means. The heat energy obtained by photothermal conversion is concentrated at the evaporation interface, which is mainly used to heat the thin layer of absorbent at the interface, so the energy loss to the absorbent can be ignored. Therefore, the solar-driven photothermal surface evaporation CO2 capture technology can achieve environmental protection, low cost, high efficiency, and no dependence on electricity and other energy input. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0023] Figure 1 It is the principle diagram of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a structural block diagram of the system of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 It is the real-time monitoring curve of the inlet and outlet CO2 flow;

[0026] Figure 4 It is the CO2 concentration monitoring curve when simulating flue gas;

[0027] Figure 5 For the test bench;

[0028] Figure 6 For infrared recording;

[0029] Figure 7 is the CO2 release curve;

[0030] In the figure, 1-CO2 absorber 1, 2-CO2-containing gas, 3-CO2 absorption tower, 4-CO2 capture device, 5-pump, 6-light energy, 7-photothermal conversion material, 8-CO2 absorber 2, 9-photothermal conversion and CO2 desorption reaction device, 10-CO2 collection tank. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] All features disclosed in all embodiments in this specification, or steps in all methods or processes implicitly disclosed, except for mutually exclusive features and / or steps, can be combined and / or expanded or replaced in any manner.

[0032] The embodiments of the present invention, more specifically, belong to the new field of photothermal driven CO2 capture, and propose a surface evaporation CO2 capture system and method based on light energy utilization. As a renewable energy source, light energy dwarfs all other fossil energy sources in terms of abundance, sustainability and environmental friendliness. In addition, light energy can also be converted into electricity, heat and other forms of energy. Although the energy of solar radiation that reaches the earth's atmosphere is only 1 / 2.2 billion of its total energy, the energy that the sun irradiates the earth every second is equivalent to the energy generated by burning 5 million tons of coal. Based on this, photothermal conversion technology refers to a method of directly collecting solar energy for heating and energy storage. Light energy is currently mostly used in the fields of solar power generation and seawater desalination, among which light energy driven seawater evaporation is a direct water evaporation method that produces steam at a temperature below the boiling point or produces steam at or above the boiling point.

[0033] In the embodiments of the present invention, inspired by natural evaporation, green energy light energy and carbon emission reduction technology are cleverly combined to propose a new surface evaporation photothermal CO2 capture technology. Solar-driven photothermal carbon absorber evaporation regeneration and CO2 regeneration using sunlight as green energy is a promising and environmentally friendly method that can directly convert solar energy into thermal energy for absorbent evaporation. The process can be carried out under room temperature and lighting conditions, effectively reducing the energy input of the system, thereby further solving the high cost problem caused by high energy consumption.

[0034] In the working principle of the present invention, based on the current CO2 capture and release-absorbent regeneration technology in the field of carbon emission reduction, it is proposed to couple light energy with the field of CO2 capture. The photothermal material is placed in an absorbent solution or solid substance saturated with CO2, and its photothermal sensitivity is utilized. The light energy is focused with the photothermal material as a carrier under low light intensity. The photothermal conversion material converts the obtained energy into heat, and the heat diffuses from the material. The light energy is continuously converted into heat energy, causing the surface of the material and the surrounding medium to heat up rapidly. The carbon absorbent is disturbed by temperature and releases CO2, and finally realizes the photothermal-driven CO2 desorption and release process based on the material.

[0035] In a specific implementation scheme, a surface evaporation photothermal CO2 capture system and method are provided. The surface evaporation photothermal CO2 capture system uses photothermal materials to cleverly convert natural green energy light energy into heat energy, replacing other external energy inputs, driving the desorption of CO2 in the absorbent under temperature disturbance, and achieving the process of pure CO2 capture and release, thereby achieving CO2 emission reduction while reducing energy consumption and costs. At the same time, the present invention can be used to utilize renewable energy light energy to achieve a low-energy carbon capture process of photothermal conversion.

[0036] The surface evaporation photothermal CO2 capture system of the present invention is essentially a process in which solar energy is absorbed by the photothermal material and converted into heat energy, which is used to heat the CO2 absorbent to cause temperature fluctuations, thereby releasing pure CO2. The temperature fluctuation of the system depends on the photothermal properties of the photothermal material. The performance of the photothermal material determines the ability to convert light energy into heat energy, which further affects the desorption efficiency of CO2.

[0037] First, put the prepared photothermal material into the absorption liquid saturated with CO2. Under the irradiation of sunlight or other light sources, except for a small part reflected by the material surface, most of the remaining sunlight will be absorbed by the photothermal material and converted into heat, forming a temperature difference at the interface between the material and the solution, directly transferring energy to the evaporation surface. The temperature difference at the interface serves as a driving force, and the heat is diffused and transferred to the absorbent, causing the temperature of the solution at the interface to rise, providing energy for releasing CO2, achieving absorbent regeneration, and desorbing pure CO2 gas at the same time.

[0038] In the photothermal interface evaporation system, the photothermal surface evaporation technology uses light energy to drive the heating of the material surface, limiting the heat to the gas-liquid interface and heating only part of the solution at the interface, thereby greatly improving the utilization of heat and the evaporation rate of the solution. In addition, the light energy is focused on the surface of the photothermal conversion material, converting the light energy into heat energy to instantly increase the local temperature of the material surface.

[0039] The following is further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings: The surface evaporation photothermal CO2 capture system of the present invention has the following principle: Figure 1 and Figure 2 The absorbent is used to capture CO2 in the gas until it is saturated, and then the photothermal conversion material is placed in the absorbent rich in CO2 (generally in liquid state), mainly floating on the liquid surface, so as to directly absorb light energy and quickly convert it into heat energy.

[0040] First, the CO2 in the CO2-containing gas 2 is captured using the carbon capture CO2 absorbent 1 until the CO2 absorbent 1 reaches saturation and can no longer absorb CO2 in the gas. This step can be coupled with the current carbon capture front-end process.

[0041] Next, the CO2 in the absorbent needs to be desorbed and released and the absorbent needs to be regenerated, that is, the carbon absorbent in the CO2 absorption tower 3 is pumped into the photothermal conversion and CO2 analysis reaction device 9 through the pump 5. The photothermal conversion material 7 prepared in advance is placed in the photothermal conversion and CO2 analysis reaction device 9 filled with the absorption liquid saturated with CO2. Under the irradiation of sunlight or other light sources, except for a small part reflected by the surface of the material, most of the remaining sunlight will be absorbed by the photothermal conversion and CO2 analysis reaction device material 7 and converted into heat, forming a temperature difference at the interface between the material and the carbon capture absorption liquid 8, and directly transferring energy to the evaporation surface. The temperature difference at the interface acts as a driving force, and heat is diffused and transferred to the absorbent, causing the temperature of the solution at the interface to rise, providing energy for releasing CO2, realizing absorbent regeneration, and desorbing pure CO2 gas at the same time. The pure CO2 gas collected from the photothermal conversion and CO2 desorption reaction device is transported to the CO2 collection tank 10 through a pipeline for convenient storage or utilization. The desorbed carbon absorbent is recycled and input into the CO2 absorption tower 3 through the pump 5 to carry out the CO2 absorption-CO2 desorption process again.

[0042] In other embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that:

[0043] The light energy used in the present invention is not limited to natural sunlight, but can also be used under room temperature illumination or strong illumination conditions, and both visible light and radiant light can be converted and utilized.

[0044] The photothermal materials used in the present invention are diversified in material selection, including metal, organic, inorganic, composite materials, etc., and are suitable for various carbon capture systems. In the future, new material carriers can also be innovated in a targeted manner to adapt to different environments.

[0045] The present invention is mainly aimed at the carbon desorption and release process in the carbon capture process. For the carbon capture process, pure CO2 gas can be used, and impure CO2 gas sources can also be used, such as: CO2 from coal exhaust, factory flue gas, atmosphere and other environments to achieve the integration of CO2 capture and light energy conversion.

[0046] The present invention mainly focuses on the cross-utilization of light energy in multiple fields, which not only includes the field of light energy and carbon capture of the present invention, but can also be expanded to the fields of light energy and SO2, ammonia nitrogen and other capture fields. The essence of the present invention is that any system that is subject to temperature disturbances or requires external energy input can use this idea: convert light energy into heat energy to replace other energy inputs and reduce costs.

[0047] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention are further described as follows:

[0048] The surface evaporation photothermal CO2 capture system and method proposed in the present invention adopts photothermal materials to capture and convert light energy into thermal energy, causing the surface of the material and the surrounding medium to heat up rapidly, and the carbon absorbent is disturbed by the temperature to release CO2, ultimately realizing the photothermal driven CO2 desorption and release process based on the material. The system cleverly couples the utilization of light energy with CO2 capture technology to achieve low-energy consumption and low-cost CO2 capture and absorbent regeneration.

[0049] The system of the present invention utilizes the photothermal material's sensitivity to light and heat. The photothermal material can be roughly divided into: plasma metal, semiconductor, organic small molecule, metal organic framework, carbon-based material and its composite material, etc. The photothermal absorption layer composed of the photothermal material is used for solar energy collection and thermal energy conversion. The material can be used as a carrier to focus light energy under low light intensity. The light-induced electric field drives the carriers inside the material to vibrate. The carriers convert the obtained energy into heat, and the heat diffuses from the material. The whole system shows that light energy is continuously converted into heat energy.

[0050] The temperature rise of the carbon capture absorbent in the system of the present invention mainly depends on the interface contact between the photothermal material and the absorbent. There is a temperature difference between the heat converted by the photothermal material and the absorbent, and this temperature difference is the driving force of heat transfer, which realizes the continuous heating of the absorbent at the evaporation interface, causing the absorbent to heat up rapidly.

[0051] The regeneration of the absorbent is the key to ensure the cyclic operation of the carbon capture process system. However, the regeneration process has disadvantages such as high energy consumption and easy loss of absorbent, which seriously restricts industrial application. The CO2 desorption and absorbent regeneration processes of this system occur simultaneously. As the photothermal material converts light energy to increase the temperature of the system, the absorbent disturbed by the temperature gradually and quickly releases the captured high-purity CO2, achieving CO2 desorption. At the same time, the absorbent is regenerated so that the captured CO2 can be recycled again. The present invention uses green and sustainable light energy to effectively avoid the high cost caused by high energy consumption, and can also output high-purity CO2 in a green, stable and continuous manner.

[0052] The technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0053] 1. The method of the present invention innovatively proposes for the first time to apply light energy to the carbon capture system. This technical idea uses green and sustainable light energy to replace other fossil energy sources to provide the energy required for desorption of the carbon capture system, solving the problem of high economic costs while providing a new idea and technology for the field of carbon capture. There are a wide range of types of photothermal conversion materials, including plasma metals, semiconductors, organic small molecules, metal-organic frameworks, carbon-based materials and their composites. For different capture systems, the expected suitable photothermal materials will be selected or prepared in a targeted manner to optimize and improve the photothermal conversion rate and carbon capture efficiency.

[0054] 2. The photothermal surface evaporation technology of the present invention uses light energy to drive the heating of the material surface in a directional manner. The light energy is focused on the surface of the photothermal conversion material, and the light energy is converted into heat energy to instantly increase the local temperature of the material surface. In addition, the surface evaporation technology limits the heat to the gas-liquid interface, and only heats part of the solution at the interface, thereby greatly improving the utilization rate of heat and the evaporation rate of the solution.

[0055] 3. The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the intensity and mode of illumination, and can be carried out under room temperature illumination or strong illumination conditions, effectively reducing the energy input of the system, thereby further solving the high cost problem caused by high energy consumption. At the same time, the light energy capture of photothermal conversion materials is not limited to visible light, but can also absorb and utilize ultraviolet light and radiation light (the visible light region of 400-700nm accounts for 45% of the total solar energy, and the infrared region with a wavelength of 700-2500nm contributes 52% of the total solar energy). Its high solar energy absorption capacity and photothermal conversion capacity in the full solar spectrum range can match multiple scene applications.

[0056] 4. The distribution position of the photothermal conversion material in the system of the present invention in the carbon absorber is not limited to the surface, but can also be expanded to the bottom of the system and evenly distributed throughout the system, corresponding to bottom heating carbon absorber and volume heating carbon absorber respectively. In the bottom-heated solar-driven evaporation system, the photothermal conversion material is placed at the bottom of the absorbent, and the heat energy spreads from the bottom to contact the absorbent. Volume heating can achieve the absorption of solar energy by moving the heat flow generated by the photothermal material evenly distributed in the system to the interior of the fluid, so that the absorbent is evenly heated.

[0057] 5. In the system of the present invention, the carbon absorbent can be expanded from the common liquid absorbent to the solid absorbent. It is still only necessary to place the photothermal conversion material in the solid absorbent and locally and directionally heat it through photothermal conversion, thereby releasing the captured CO2.

[0058] 6. The system of the present invention is universal for carbon capture application scenarios. The entire system can be designed as a simple integrated device according to needs, or it can be designed as a large-scale integrated device through system series and parallel connection. It can not only be used to capture CO2 in the air, but also can be applied to the diversified scenarios of CO2 capture in coal-fired power plant flue gas, factory exhaust gas, and transportation tail gas. In addition, the process can successfully couple the carbon desorption and release with the current carbon capture field technology, simplifying the process flow while reducing energy input and economic costs.

[0059] The technical effects of the present invention are verified as follows:

[0060] (I) This embodiment uses amine organic matter (ethylenediamine) as a carbon capture absorbent and a foam board as a photothermal material base for photothermal conversion.

[0061] At a temperature of 25°C, prepare 50mL of carbon absorbent with a concentration of 1mol / L of ethylenediamine, and then continuously introduce CO2 into the absorbent to form a saturated solution. The inlet and outlet gases are connected to the CO2 concentration sensor through a flow sensor and detected and adjusted. The real-time monitoring curve of the inlet and outlet CO2 flow is as follows: Figure 3 , where the blue baseline represents the fluctuation of the imported CO2 flow rate over time, and the yellow baseline represents the fluctuation of the exported CO2 flow rate over time.

[0062] In order to verify the ability of the photothermal conversion CO2 capture system to capture CO2, the entire system was purged with simulated flue gas (about 15% CO2 + 85% N2), and the system was monitored for 10 hours of absorption gas through a CO2 concentration sensor. The CO2 gas decreased slightly during the absorption process and basically maintained at a concentration of 15% after reaching saturation. Figure 4 shown.

[0063] (II) This embodiment uses photothermal materials as a carrier and reaction interface for converting light energy into heat energy, and constructs Figure 5 The test platform verifies that the system can capture light energy and convert it into heat energy. The temperature of the system gradually increases. The infrared record of this process is as follows Figure 6 Under light, photothermal materials capture light energy and convert it into heat energy. The infrared tester can visually see the temperature rise of the system, up to 140°C.

[0064] (III) This embodiment uses photothermal materials to convert light energy into heat energy. The temperature of the system gradually increases, and the CO2 captured by the organic amine is released. The system is purged with high-purity nitrogen. A CO2 concentration sensor is connected to the outlet to record the CO2 concentration every 10 minutes. At this time, the recorded CO2 change curve is as follows: It shows that high-purity CO2 is desorbed, such as Figure 7 shown.

[0065] The above-mentioned examples are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. It should be pointed out that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, according to the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A surface evaporation photothermal CO2 capture system, characterized in that: include: A CO2 capture device (4), a pump (5), a CO2 absorbent II (8), a photothermal conversion and CO2 desorption reaction device (9) and a CO2 collection tank (10), wherein the CO2 capture device (4) comprises a CO2 absorbent (1) and a CO2 absorption tower (3), and the photothermal conversion and CO2 desorption reaction device (9) comprises a photothermal conversion material (7) and a CO2 absorbent II (8); Using a carbon capture CO2 absorbent (1) to capture CO2 in a CO2-containing gas (2) until the CO2 absorbent (1) reaches saturation and can no longer absorb CO2 in the gas; The CO2 in the CO2 absorbent 1 (1) is desorbed and released to regenerate the absorbent, a carbon absorbent is arranged in the CO2 absorbent tower (3), and the carbon absorbent in the CO2 absorbent tower (3) is pumped into the photothermal conversion and CO2 decomposition reaction device (9) through a pump (5); a photothermal conversion material (7) prepared in advance is placed in the photothermal conversion and CO2 decomposition reaction device (9) filled with an absorption liquid saturated with CO2, and when irradiated with light energy (6), except for a part reflected by the surface of the material, the remaining sunlight will be absorbed by the photothermal conversion material (7) in the photothermal conversion and CO2 decomposition reaction device (9) and converted into heat, and a temperature difference is formed at the interface between the material and the CO2 absorbent 2 (8), and the energy is directly transferred to the evaporation surface; The temperature difference at the interface acts as a driving force, and heat is diffused and transferred to the absorbent, causing the temperature of the solution at the interface to rise, providing energy for releasing CO2, achieving absorbent regeneration, and desorbing pure CO2 gas at the same time. The pure CO2 gas collected from the photothermal conversion and CO2 desorption reaction device (9) is transported to the CO2 collection tank (10) through a pipeline for storage or utilization. The desorbed carbon absorbent is recycled and input into the CO2 absorption tower (3) through a pump (5) to perform the CO2 absorption-CO2 desorption process again.

2. The surface evaporation photothermal CO2 capture system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light energy (6) includes natural sunlight, room temperature light or strong light.

3. The surface evaporation photothermal CO2 capture system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light-to-heat conversion material (7) comprises metal, organic, inorganic or composite materials.

4. The surface evaporation photothermal CO2 capture system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The CO 2 includes pure CO 2 gas or a non-pure CO 2 gas source.

5. The surface evaporation photothermal CO2 capture system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distribution positions of the photothermal conversion material (7) in the CO2 absorbent 2 (8) include the surface of the system, the bottom of the system and uniform distribution throughout the system.

6. The surface evaporation photothermal CO2 capture system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The CO2 absorbent 2 (8) also includes a solid CO2 absorbent or a liquid CO2 absorbent.

7. The surface evaporation photothermal CO2 capture system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface evaporation photothermal CO2 capture system can be designed as an integrated device according to needs, and can also be designed as an integrated device through series and parallel connection of the system, which is used to capture CO2 in the air or for capturing CO2 in flue gas from coal-fired power plants, factory exhaust gas, and transportation tail gas.

8. The surface evaporation photothermal CO2 capture system according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the photothermal conversion material (7) is distributed at the bottom of the system and uniformly distributed throughout the system, they correspond to bottom heating carbon absorber and volume heating carbon absorber respectively; In a bottom-heated solar-driven evaporation system, the photothermal conversion material is placed at the bottom of the absorber, and the heat energy spreads from the bottom to contact the absorber; volumetric heating absorbs solar energy by moving the heat flow generated by the photothermal material evenly distributed in the system to the interior of the fluid, causing the absorber to heat up evenly.

9. A surface evaporation photothermal gas capture system, characterized in that: The CO2 gas described in any one of claims 1 to 8 can be replaced by SO2 or ammonia nitrogen, and is used in the field of light energy and SO2 capture, and the field of light energy and ammonia nitrogen capture, respectively.

10. A method for capturing surface evaporative photothermal gas, characterized in that: include: Step 1, using a gas absorbent to capture gas in the gas until saturation; Step 2: Place the photothermal conversion material into an absorbent containing saturated gas, and use its photothermal sensitivity to focus light energy under light intensity using the photothermal material as a carrier. The photothermal conversion material converts the obtained energy into heat, and the heat diffuses from the material. The light energy is converted into thermal energy, causing the surface of the material and the surrounding medium to heat up. The absorbent is disturbed by temperature and releases gas, ultimately realizing a photothermal-driven gas desorption and release process based on the material.

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