A method for detecting and repairing concrete leakage in underground garages

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for detecting and repairing concrete leakage in underground parking garages. The method includes using an infrared thermal imager to detect weak points at the junction of the side walls and floor slab of the underground parking garage, and using an acoustic emission instrument to detect and repair leakage problems. It also includes the step of installing a waterproofing layer anti-buoyancy replacement device. For the junction of the side walls and floor slab, this invention uses infrared thermal imaging technology and image processing equipment to identify weak points for grouting. Repair is achieved by embedding water-stopping needles in low-temperature, dark-colored areas and injecting anti-dispersion grout. For areas with insignificant temperature differences, nitrogen injection is used to amplify the temperature difference, resulting in a more noticeable effect. For leakage problems in the floor slab, holes are drilled to guide water flow to drainage wells for pressure relief. An acoustic emission instrument, along with other components, is used to set up measuring points, and the acoustic emission signal data is analyzed to determine the seepage range and path. The waterproofing layer anti-buoyancy replacement device, combined with anti-buoyancy mortar, is used to precisely repair the leaking areas in the floor slab.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of underground garage leakage detection and repair technology, and in particular relates to a method for detecting and repairing concrete leakage in underground garages. Background Technology

[0002] Compared to above-ground engineering, underground engineering is more difficult to construct, has a longer construction period, and requires higher initial investment. It also demands better thermal stability, airtightness, and disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities. Engineering practice shows that due to the complex and variable geological environment in which underground concrete structures are located, construction conditions and quality are difficult to guarantee. The seepage of groundwater and the corrosive effects of harmful ions in the water remain the most significant factors damaging underground concrete structures. This not only affects the functionality and lifespan of the building but may also affect the load-bearing capacity of the concrete structure, potentially leading to engineering accidents.

[0003] A common practice in engineering is to sprinkle a layer of dry powder around the building and observe the path of water flow through the powder to locate the source of leakage. This method is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and requires subsequent cleaning of the dry powder, making it quite troublesome. The system for detecting and repairing leaks in underground parking garages is not yet fully developed; accurately locating the path and extent of concrete leaks significantly saves manpower and financial resources and clearly defines the scope of repair.

[0004] Meanwhile, the underground parking garage experiences long-term water seepage. The walls are affected by geological conditions and surface rainfall, causing significant fluctuations in the groundwater level. When the groundwater level is too high, it generates considerable water pressure. Furthermore, the groundwater quality is generally poor, containing a large number of corrosive ions that can erode the structure. Because underground concrete structures have various gaps and concrete itself is a porous, heterogeneous material, when groundwater enters the concrete, it causes the reinforcing steel to corrode and expand, leading to concrete damage and affecting the durability of the concrete structure.

[0005] The difficulty in its repair lies in determining the grouting material. In response to the anti-dispersion performance of cement-based grouting materials, a new anti-dispersion grout is provided by modifying sulfoaluminate cement using polymers and inorganic materials. Combined with iron oxide and oily epoxy resin, it works in conjunction with the waterproof layer anti-buoyancy replacement device to achieve anti-buoyancy stabilization repair. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for detecting and repairing concrete leakage in underground garages. The method uses an infrared thermal imager to scan the area and uses an image processing device to create an image. The infrared thermal image shows a clear low-temperature area, while the highest temperature of the surrounding buildings is higher than this temperature. Therefore, it can be inferred that the leakage point is located in the low-temperature area. The weak point of the leakage can be identified from the image. Water-stopping needles are buried at both ends of the low-temperature area. The structure of the area to be injected is penetrated. After preparing the anti-dispersion grout, the anti-dispersion grout is injected into the water-facing side of the structure using the water-stopping needles.

[0007] The technical objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0008] A method for detecting and repairing concrete leakage in underground parking garages includes using an infrared thermal imager to detect weak points at the junction of the side walls and the floor slab of the underground parking garage, and using an acoustic emission instrument to detect and repair water leakage problems in the underground parking garage. Specifically, the method for detecting weak points at the junction of the side walls and the floor slab of the underground parking garage using an infrared thermal imager includes the following steps:

[0009] Step 1, Material preparation: Prepare an infrared thermal imager, image processing equipment, water-stopping needles, anti-dispersion grout, grouting machine, and nitrogen injection machine;

[0010] Step 2: Use an infrared thermal imager to scan the area where leakage may occur, and use image processing equipment to create an image.

[0011] Step 3: When a clear low-temperature area appears on the infrared thermal image, and the highest temperature of the surrounding buildings is higher than this area, it can be inferred that the water leakage point is located in the low-temperature area. The weak point of the water leakage can be identified from the image.

[0012] Step 4: Insert water-stop needles into both ends of the low-temperature area, with a spacing of 15cm ± 3cm, and penetrate the structure of the area to be injected.

[0013] Step 5: Mix 6% flocculant, water and sulfoaluminate cement in a weight ratio of 0.7:1, and 1.25% defoamer evenly to prepare an anti-dispersion slurry;

[0014] Step 6: Inject the anti-dispersion grout into the water-facing side of the structure using a water-stopping needle;

[0015] Step 7: For areas with very low water content, where the temperature difference in the detection path is not significant, nitrogen is injected into the waterless area using a nitrogen injector by identifying the color range of the image to lower the temperature of the area and increase the temperature difference. Steps 1-3 are repeated for detection, and the image is imaged using an image processing device to more accurately locate the weak points of leakage.

[0016] Preferably, the detection and repair of water leakage problems in underground parking garages using an acoustic emission instrument includes the following steps:

[0017] S1, Material preparation: Prepare acoustic emission instrument, image processing equipment, sensor, signal amplifier, Vaseline, measuring points 1-5, drill, grinder, blower and scraper;

[0018] The S2 instrument uses a PCI-2 type acoustic emission instrument. Two commercial sensors are connected to an image processing device via a signal amplifier. The image processing device is connected to the acoustic emission instrument, and Vaseline is used to couple the sensors to the concrete structure.

[0019] S3. Based on the actual site conditions, five holes were drilled in the concrete slab to relieve pressure, forming five test points. The hole diameter was 1.6cm ± 0.4cm. Circular testing areas were set up with each test point as the center and radii of 50cm and 100cm, divided into leakage testing areas for test points 1-5. Smaller testing points were then arranged at 45° angles around the circumference of the waterproof membrane, with 16 smaller testing points in each area.

[0020] S4. Acoustic emission data are collected at each test point. The data at each point are analyzed to obtain the signal distribution pattern of the test point. For the 16 sub-test points in each test point, the test point with more collected signals indicates a larger amount of seepage, and the test point with fewer collected signals indicates a smaller amount of seepage. Thus, the direction of seepage can be inferred. The seepage direction is from the test point with more seepage signals to the test point with fewer seepage signals.

[0021] Preferably, the method also includes the step of installing a waterproof layer anti-buoyancy replacement device, specifically including the following steps;

[0022] Step 3.1, Material preparation: anti-buoyancy mortar, grouting machine, drilling rig, grinding machine, blower, scraper, waterproof layer anti-buoyancy replacement device, the waterproof layer anti-buoyancy replacement device includes waterproof layer anti-buoyancy replacement cover, double-end threaded anti-buoyancy anchor rod, lower anti-buoyancy support cage and nut, the lower anti-buoyancy support cage is a steel cage made of hard fine steel bars, with a threaded hole at the upper end for connection with the double-end threaded anti-buoyancy anchor rod;

[0023] Step 3.2: Use a drilling rig to drill holes in the detected weak points and enlarge the holes; at the same time as construction, excavate the floor to a certain depth in advance;

[0024] Step 3.3: After rotating and fixing the three double-ended threaded anti-buoyancy anchor rods to the lower anti-buoyancy support cage, place them in the borehole;

[0025] Step 3.4: Mix 6% flocculant, water (mass ratio 0.7:1), sulfoaluminate cement, 1.25% defoamer, 720g of oily epoxy resin A liquid, and 800g of Fe3O4 magnetic powder with a mixer to make anti-buoyancy mortar. Inject the anti-buoyancy mortar into three double-ended threaded anti-buoyancy anchor rods until the grouting holes are filled.

[0026] Step 3.5: After grouting is completed, install the upper waterproof layer anti-buoyancy replacement cover and tighten it with nuts;

[0027] Step 3.6: Smooth the ground with anti-buoyancy mortar.

[0028] Preferably, the infrared thermal imager has an infrared resolution of 384 pixels × 288 pixels, a test temperature range of -20℃ to 650℃, a temperature sensitivity of 0.05℃ at 30℃, a spatial resolution of 1.14 mrad, and an image frame rate of 60 Hz.

[0029] Preferably, the water-stop needle is composed of two layers: an outer aluminum alloy layer and an inner grouting layer, which are concentrically arranged. The sealant is injected between the two in advance. The end of the water-stop needle is fitted with a rubber sleeve. The outer aluminum alloy layer has a pre-reserved crack. When the water-stop needle is subjected to a certain external force, the pre-reserved crack breaks and opens, and the sealant overflows and flows out in the direction of insertion of the water-stop needle, so that a seal is formed between the wall surface and the water-stop needle. In use, the water-stop needle is embedded downward at a 45° angle to the wall surface perpendicular to the ground. The continuous high pressure generated by the grouting machine is used to inject the anti-dispersion grout into the gaps inside the concrete, completely filling the gaps.

[0030] Preferably, the waterproof anti-buoyancy replacement cover is cylindrical in shape, including a bottom cover and a top cover, with a TPE material layer between the bottom cover and the top cover.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] 1. In underground parking garages experiencing continuous rainfall, the high groundwater level leads to significant water accumulation and pressure, causing the floor slab to buckle and develop multiple cracks. Since the entire floor slab is covered by external materials, infrared thermal imaging technology may not be able to detect the floor structure and the location and direction of water leakage. This invention employs acoustic emission technology to detect the leakage channels in the floor slab. By setting up five measuring points, each containing 16 smaller measuring points, the quantity and direction of water leakage are determined by the number of signals detected by these smaller measuring points, allowing for precise replacement of the floor slab area. The junction between the sidewalls and the floor slab in underground parking garages, where water seeps for extended periods, is often a weak point, but its exact location is difficult to identify. Traditional methods are time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the identification of the leakage source is prone to error. This invention utilizes infrared thermal imaging to detect clearly low-temperature areas where the highest temperatures of surrounding buildings are higher, indicating that the leakage point is located in a low-temperature region. The weak point of the leakage is then identified from the image.

[0033] 2. The self-made waterproof layer anti-buoyancy replacement device of this invention is small in size and weight, and can be constructed indoors. Compared with the anti-buoyancy anchor rods commonly used in construction, this invention is simple to construct and operate. Through the preparation and grouting of special anti-buoyancy mortar, in conjunction with the device, the gravity of the grout, the magnetic attraction and cohesion of the grout containing magnetic mortar, and the elasticity of the material inside the upper waterproof layer anti-buoyancy replacement cover itself act on the upper end of the device and the lower end of the device inside the soil, exerting a force on the waterproof layer anti-buoyancy replacement cover on the ground. The ground has a reaction force on the component, which achieves the anti-buoyancy effect. Compared with ordinary anti-buoyancy anchor rods, the connection strength between the grout and the device and the ground is higher.

[0034] 3. In the process of using common water-stop needles, the initial sealant application is as follows: A layer of sealant is then applied inside the hole. After inserting the water-stop needle, a further sealant application is needed around the hole: After the water-stop needle is in place, additional sealant is applied to the joints and edges. Ensure all gaps are effectively sealed. Surface sealing and finishing: The sealant is applied throughout the water-stop needle, making the process complex. However, the self-made water-stop needle of this invention consists of a two-layer structure. A sleeve is added to the outer layer of the original water-stop needle. Sealant is injected into the sleeve through the grouting hole. Cracks are left on the outer wall of the sleeve. When external force is applied to drill the water-stop needle into the hole, the cracks open under stress, and the sealant spreads outwards until the water-stop needle is fully inserted into the hole.

[0035] 4. In engineering projects, a layer of dry powder is often sprinkled around the building, and the source of leakage is found by observing the path of water flow through the powder. This method is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and requires subsequent cleaning of the dry powder, which is quite troublesome. The leakage detection and repair system for underground parking garages is particularly inadequate. This invention's method accurately locates the path and extent of concrete leakage, greatly saving manpower and financial resources, clearly defining the repair scope, and then utilizes a novel water-dispersing agent injected into the wall through a water-stopping needle to prevent water from spreading at the leakage point and flowing deep into the building, causing damage. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the junction between the side wall and the base plate detected by the infrared thermal imager in this invention.

[0037] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the water-stopping needle in this invention.

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the five measuring points in this invention.

[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection of the acoustic transmitter, image processing device, sensor, and signal amplifier in this invention.

[0040] Figure 5 This is a comparison diagram of the stress state before and after installation of the waterproof layer anti-buoyancy replacement device in this invention.

[0041] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the anti-buoyancy replacement device for the waterproof layer in this invention.

[0042] In the above attached figures: 1. Infrared thermal imager; 2. Acoustic emission instrument; 3. Image processing equipment; 4. Sensor; 5. Signal amplifier; 6. Water-stop needle; 7. Ground; 8. Threaded hole; 9. Anti-buoyancy mortar; 10. Test point; 11. Grouting machine; 12. Aluminum alloy outer layer; 13. Grouting inner layer; 14. Damage crack; 15. Grouting hole; 16. TPE material layer; 17. Rubber sleeve; 18. Waterproof layer anti-buoyancy replacement device; 19. Waterproof layer anti-buoyancy replacement cover; 20. Double-ended threaded anti-buoyancy anchor; 21. Lower anti-buoyancy support cage; 22. Nut. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] like Figure 1 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment provides a method for detecting and repairing concrete leakage in an underground parking garage, including using an infrared thermal imager 1 to detect weak points of water leakage at the junction of the side wall and the base slab of the underground parking garage, and using an acoustic emission instrument 2 to detect and repair water leakage problems in the underground parking garage; wherein, the specific steps of using the infrared thermal imager 1 to detect weak points of water leakage at the junction of the side wall and the base slab of the underground parking garage include the following:

[0045] Step 1, Material Preparation: Prepare an infrared thermal imager 1, an image processing device 2, a water-stopping needle 6, an anti-dispersion grout, a grouting machine 11, and a nitrogen injection machine. The infrared resolution of the infrared thermal imager 1 is 384 pixels × 288 pixels, the test temperature range is -20℃ to 650℃, the temperature sensitivity at 30℃ is 0.05℃, the spatial resolution is 1.14mrad, and the image frame rate is 60Hz.

[0046] Step 2: The junction of the side wall and the floor slab of the underground garage, which has been leaking for a long time, is often a weak point for water leakage. The infrared thermal imager 1 is used to scan the area that may leak, and the image processing device 3 is used to create the image.

[0047] Step 3: When a clear low-temperature area appears on the infrared thermal image, and the highest temperature of the surrounding buildings is higher than this area, it can be inferred that the water leakage point is located in the low-temperature area. The weak point of the water leakage can be identified from the image.

[0048] Step 4: Install multiple water-stop needles 6 at both ends of the low-temperature area, with a spacing of 15cm±3cm between the water-stop needles, and penetrate the structure of the area to be injected.

[0049] Step 5: Mix 6% flocculant, water and sulfoaluminate cement in a weight ratio of 0.7:1, and 1.25% defoamer evenly to prepare an anti-dispersion slurry;

[0050] Step 6: Use the water-stop needle 6 to inject the anti-dispersion grout into the water-facing side of the structure;

[0051] Step 7: For areas with very low water content, where the temperature difference in the detection path is not significant, nitrogen is injected into the waterless area using a nitrogen injector by identifying the color range of the image to lower the temperature of the area and increase the temperature difference. Steps 1-3 are repeated for detection, and the image is imaged using an image processing device to more accurately locate the weak points of leakage.

[0052] In the above embodiments, specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the water-stop needle 6 is generally divided into two layers: an aluminum alloy outer layer 12 and a grouting inner layer 13, which are concentrically arranged. The sealant is injected between the two in advance. A rubber sleeve 17 is placed at the end of the water-stop needle 6. The aluminum alloy outer layer 12 is reserved with a destructive crack 14. When the water-stop needle 6 is subjected to a certain external force, the reserved destructive crack 14 breaks and opens, and the sealant overflows and flows out along the insertion direction of the water-stop needle 6, so that a seal is formed between the wall surface and the water-stop needle 6. In use, the water-stop needle 6 is buried at a 45° angle downward along the wall surface perpendicular to the ground. The continuous high pressure generated by the grouting machine 11 is used to inject the anti-dispersion grout into the gaps inside the concrete, completely filling the gaps.

[0053] In the above embodiments, the flocculant is prepared by mixing HEC (0.1%), PAM (0.05%), and silica fume (3%); a novel anti-water-dispersibility agent can be produced. The grouting material prepared with this anti-water-dispersibility agent has good water retention and high anti-water-dispersibility performance. The sulfoaluminate cement uses Yunhe brand 42.5 grade rapid-hardening sulfoaluminate cement as the cementing material. Its main clinker minerals are anhydrous calcium sulfoaluminate, dicalcium silicate, and gypsum. The clinker minerals can rapidly undergo hydration and hardening reactions to form a stone body. The stone body of sulfoaluminate cement has excellent impermeability, frost resistance, early strength, high strength, and erosion resistance. However, ordinary sulfoaluminate cement is diluted and dispersed by flowing water, resulting in poor erosion resistance. By using flocculants and defoamers to formulate sulfoaluminate cement, the advantages of sulfoaluminate cement are fully utilized and its shortcomings are overcome.

[0054] The defoamer was purchased from Tianjin Weihe Technology Development Co., Ltd., and is an organosilicon defoamer. It is used in small quantities and can effectively suppress the generation of bubbles.

[0055] like Figure 4 As shown, when using acoustic emission instrument 2 to detect and repair water leakage in an underground garage, the specific steps include:

[0056] S1. Material preparation: Prepare acoustic emission device 2, image processing equipment 3, sensor 4, signal amplifier 5, Vaseline, drill, grinder, blower and scraper.

[0057] S2, the instrument uses a PCI-2 type acoustic emission instrument. Two sensors 4 are connected to the image processing device 3 through a signal amplifier 5. The image processing device 3 is connected to the acoustic emission instrument 2. Vaseline is used to couple the sensors 4 to the concrete component.

[0058] S3. Based on the actual site conditions, five holes are drilled in the concrete slab to relieve pressure, forming five test points. The hole diameter is 1.6cm ± 0.4cm. Circular testing areas are set up with each test point as the center and radii of 50cm and 100cm, dividing the test points into leakage testing areas (test points 1-5). Smaller testing points are then arranged at 45° angles around the circumference of the waterproof membrane, with 16 small testing points in each area. (Refer to [reference needed]). Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the distribution of test points in one embodiment of the present invention:

[0059] S4. Acoustic emission data are collected at each test point. The data at each point is analyzed to obtain the signal distribution pattern of the test point. For the 16 sub-test points in each test point, the test point with more collected signals indicates a larger amount of seepage, and the test point with fewer collected signals indicates a smaller amount of seepage. Thus, the direction of seepage can be inferred. The seepage direction is from the test point with more seepage signals to the test point with less seepage signals. For example, if the seepage signal index of test point 1 is 15 and the seepage signal index of test point 2 is 6, then the water flow direction is from test point 1 to test point 2.

[0060] In some preferred embodiments, such as Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown in the figure, 7 represents the ground, and the process also includes the steps of installing a waterproof layer anti-buoyancy replacement device, specifically including the following steps;

[0061] Step 3.1, Material preparation: anti-buoyancy mortar 9, grouting machine 11, drilling rig, grinding machine, blower, scraper, waterproof layer anti-buoyancy replacement device 18, the waterproof layer anti-buoyancy replacement device 18 includes waterproof layer anti-buoyancy replacement cover 19, double-end threaded anti-buoyancy anchor rod 20, the double-end threaded anti-buoyancy anchor rod 20 is a hollow structure, the lower end anti-buoyancy support cage 21 and nut 22, the lower end anti-buoyancy support cage 21 is a steel cage made of hard fine steel bars, with a threaded hole 8 left at the upper end, the threaded hole 8 is used to connect with the double-end threaded anti-buoyancy anchor rod 20;

[0062] Step 3.2: Use a drilling rig to drill holes in the detected weak points and enlarge the holes; at the same time as construction, excavate the floor to a certain depth in advance;

[0063] Step 3.3: After rotating and fixing the three double-ended threaded anti-buoyancy anchor rods 20 to the lower anti-buoyancy support cage 21, place them in the borehole;

[0064] Step 3.4: Mix 6% flocculant, water (mass ratio 0.7:1), sulfoaluminate cement, 1.25% defoamer, 720g of oily epoxy resin A liquid, and 800g of Fe3O4 magnetic powder with a mixer to make anti-buoyancy mortar 9. Inject the anti-buoyancy mortar into the three double-ended threaded anti-buoyancy anchor rods 20 until the grouting holes are filled.

[0065] Step 3.5 After grouting is completed, install the upper waterproof layer anti-buoyancy replacement cover 19 and tighten it with nut 22;

[0066] Step 3.6: Smooth the ground with anti-buoyancy mortar.

[0067] In some preferred embodiments, a magnetically shielding soft iron material can be applied inside the double-ended threaded anti-buoyancy anchor rod 20 to prevent the flow rate of the anti-buoyancy grout from slowing down during grouting.

[0068] In some preferred embodiments, the waterproof layer anti-buoyancy replacement cover 19 is cylindrical in shape, including a bottom cover and a top cover, with a TPE material layer 16 between the bottom cover and the top cover. TPE material is a type of material with rubber elasticity and plastic processability. It combines the characteristics of thermoplastic plastics and thermosetting rubber, and has excellent elasticity and flexibility. It also has good wear resistance, oil resistance and waterproof performance. The waterproof layer anti-buoyancy replacement cover 19 can replace the ground leakage and damage area and play a role in sealing the leakage from above.

[0069] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limiting. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for detecting and repairing concrete leakage in underground parking garages, characterized in that: This includes using infrared thermal imagers to detect weak points where water seepage occurs at the junction of the side walls and floor slab of the underground parking garage, and using acoustic emission instruments to detect and repair water leakage problems in the underground parking garage. Specifically, using infrared thermal imagers to detect weak points where water seepage occurs at the junction of the side walls and floor slab of the underground parking garage includes the following steps: Step 1, Material preparation: Prepare an infrared thermal imager, image processing equipment, water-stopping needles, anti-dispersion grout, grouting machine, and nitrogen injection machine; Step 2: Use an infrared thermal imager to scan the area where leakage may occur, and use image processing equipment to create an image. Step 3: When a clear low-temperature area appears on the infrared thermal image, and the highest temperature of the surrounding buildings is higher than this area, it can be inferred that the water leakage point is located in the low-temperature area. The weak point of the water leakage can be identified from the image. It also includes the step of installing a waterproof layer anti-buoyancy replacement device, the waterproof layer anti-buoyancy replacement device (18) includes a waterproof layer anti-buoyancy replacement cover (19), a double-ended threaded anti-buoyancy anchor (20), a lower anti-buoyancy support cage (21) and a nut (22), the lower anti-buoyancy support cage (21) is a steel cage made of hard fine steel bars, with a threaded hole at the upper end, the threaded hole is used to connect with the double-ended threaded anti-buoyancy anchor (20); Step 4: The water-stop needles are buried at both ends of the low-temperature area with a spacing of 15cm ± 3cm. The structure of the area to be injected is penetrated. The water-stop needle (6) is generally divided into two layers: an aluminum alloy outer layer (12) and a grouting inner layer (13) are set concentrically. The sealant is injected between the two in advance. The end of the water-stop needle (6) is fitted with a rubber sleeve (17). The aluminum alloy outer layer (12) has a pre-reserved crack (14). When the water-stop needle (6) is subjected to a certain external force, the pre-reserved crack (14) breaks and opens, and the sealant overflows and flows out along the insertion direction of the water-stop needle (6), so that a seal is formed between the wall surface and the water-stop needle (6). Step 5: Mix 6% flocculant, water and sulfoaluminate cement in a weight ratio of 0.7:1, and 1.25% defoamer evenly to prepare an anti-dispersion slurry; Step 6: Inject the anti-dispersion grout into the water-facing side of the structure using a water-stopping needle; Step 7: For areas with very low water content, where the temperature difference in the detection path is not significant, nitrogen is injected into the waterless area using a nitrogen injector by identifying the color range of the image to lower the temperature of the area and increase the temperature difference. Steps 1-3 are repeated for detection, and the image is imaged using an image processing device to more accurately locate the weak points of leakage.

2. The method for detecting and repairing concrete leakage in an underground garage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for detecting and repairing water leakage problems in underground parking garages using an acoustic emission instrument include: S1, Material preparation: Prepare acoustic emission instrument, image processing equipment, sensor, signal amplifier, Vaseline, measuring points 1-5, drill, grinder, blower and scraper; S2, the instrument uses a PCI-2 type acoustic emission instrument. Two sensors are connected to an image processing device via a signal amplifier. The image processing device is connected to the acoustic emission instrument. Vaseline is used to couple the sensors to the concrete structure. S3. Based on the actual site conditions, five holes were drilled in the concrete slab to relieve pressure, forming five test points. The hole diameter was 1.6cm ± 0.4cm. Circular testing areas were set up with each test point as the center and radii of 50cm and 100cm, divided into leakage testing areas for test points 1-5. Smaller testing points were then arranged at 45° angles around the circumference of the waterproof membrane, with 16 smaller testing points in each area. S4. Acoustic emission data are collected at each test point. The data at each point are analyzed to obtain the signal distribution pattern of the test point. For the 16 sub-test points in each test point, the test point with more collected signals indicates a larger amount of seepage, and the test point with fewer collected signals indicates a smaller amount of seepage. Thus, the direction of seepage can be inferred. The seepage direction is from the test point with more seepage signals to the test point with fewer seepage signals.

3. A method for detecting and repairing concrete leakage in an underground garage according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: S3 also includes the following steps; Step 3.1, Material preparation: anti-buoyancy mortar, grouting machine, drilling rig, grinding machine, blower, scraper, waterproof layer anti-buoyancy replacement device; Step 3.2: Use a drilling rig to drill holes in the detected weak points and enlarge the holes; at the same time as construction, excavate the floor to a certain depth in advance; Step 3.3: After rotating and fixing the three double-ended threaded anti-buoyancy anchor rods to the lower anti-buoyancy support cage, place them in the borehole; Step 3.4: Mix 6% flocculant, water (mass ratio 0.7:1), sulfoaluminate cement, 1.25% defoamer, 720g of oily epoxy resin A liquid, and 800g of Fe3O4 magnetic powder with a mixer to make anti-buoyancy mortar. Inject the anti-buoyancy mortar into three double-ended threaded anti-buoyancy anchor rods until the grouting holes are filled. Step 3.5 After grouting is completed, install the upper waterproof layer anti-buoyancy replacement cover and tighten it with nuts (22); Step 3.6: Smooth the ground with anti-buoyancy mortar.

4. The method for detecting and repairing concrete leakage in underground garages according to claim 1, characterized in that: The infrared thermal imager has an infrared resolution of 384 pixels × 288 pixels, a test temperature range of -20℃ to 650℃, a temperature sensitivity of 0.05℃ at 30℃, a spatial resolution of 1.14 mrad, and an image frame rate of 60 Hz.

5. The method for detecting and repairing concrete leakage in an underground garage according to claim 1, characterized in that: When in use, the water-stop needle (6) is embedded downward at a 45° angle along the wall surface perpendicular to the ground. Using the continuous high pressure generated by the grouting machine (11), the anti-dispersion grout is injected into the gaps inside the concrete to completely fill the gaps.

6. The method for detecting and repairing concrete leakage in an underground garage according to claim 3, characterized in that: The waterproof anti-buoyancy replacement cover (19) is cylindrical in shape and includes a bottom cover and a top cover, with a TPE material layer between the bottom cover and the top cover.

Images