Assembly for reducing deviation rate of blasting punching

Abstract

The invention discloses an assembly for reducing the deviation rate of blasting punching, which adopts an outer sleeve and a multi-petal inner sleeve of an elastic element, and is provided with a distance sensor for detecting the distance from the inner wall of the outer sleeve; the distance sensor is wirelessly connected with a controller for analyzing the offset distance of the multi-petal inner sleeve; during punching, if an original vertical path is deviated and data acquired by any one or one group of distance sensors are changed, a deviation angle is solved in a trigonometric function mode according to the mounting distance of one or one group of distance sensors and deviation data acquired by the sensors; and if the deviation is larger than the preset threshold value, an alarm is given out, the punching accuracy of a punching worker can be improved, and a guarantee is provided for subsequent high-quality and high-efficiency blasting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of mining engineering blasting, and in particular relates to a component for reducing the deflection rate of blasting drilling. Background Art

[0002] Mineral resources are the foundation of national economic and social development. They have always played a leading role in the production and consumption structure of primary energy in my country, and will continue to be the main pillar industry and economic pillar in many regions of my country for a long time in the future. For a long time, the proportion of underground mining in my country's mineral development has always been higher than that of open-pit mining. Many important mineral resources are obtained through underground mining. Moreover, with the gradual reduction and disappearance of shallow surface resources, many existing open-pit mines have also gradually turned to underground mining. Therefore, the proportion of underground mining will increase in the future. Although the mining methods used in different mines are different, the ventilation, lifting, mining and cutting projects involved in the mining process are directly and inevitably related to the skylight. Therefore, skylight excavation is a very important link in the development and mining of mines, and the engineering volume accounts for 20% to 25% of the total annual excavation volume of mines. Due to the large excavation volume and difficult construction, the skylight excavation method has always been a key technology that the industry pays attention to. So far, there are two main types of mine shaft excavation methods: internal construction method and external construction method. Internal construction method includes common method, hanging tank method and climbing tank method; external construction method includes drilling method and blasting method. In terms of construction characteristics, the common method, hanging tank method and climbing tank method require operators to go through multiple tedious and laborious processes in the shaft, with a bad working environment, poor safety, high cost and low efficiency. Although the drilling method does not require operators to work in the shaft, the working environment is good and safe, but the construction machinery is huge, the construction preparation time is long, the equipment purchase cost is high, especially the construction machinery itself needs to be improved, so its application is limited. In contrast, the blasting method avoids the shortcomings of traditional construction methods and has the advantages of relatively low cost. Therefore, it is currently the most efficient, economical and most difficult shaft construction method. Existing research results show that the cost of deep hole blasting method is 40% of the common method and 30% of the drilling method; while the efficiency is 141% of the common method and 128% of the drilling method.

[0003] The research on blasting method for excavating shafts began in the 1950s and has continued to this day. Although this method has always attracted attention from the industry, it has not been widely promoted to date based on the existing data. The reasons are: first, in the past, mining enterprises were small in scale, with low labor costs and low safety requirements, which led to the subjective willingness of enterprises to adopt advanced deep hole blasting method for excavating shafts; second, the technical application of blasting method for excavating shafts is not mature enough, and the selection of blasting method for excavating shafts mode and parameters is based on experience and engineering analogy, which is quite blind. More importantly, the problem of borehole deviation has always plagued the application of blasting method for excavating shafts, and has become a stumbling block to the widespread promotion of deep hole blasting method for excavating shafts.

[0004] Therefore, there is a need for a component that can assist in drilling and reduce deflection to improve drilling accuracy and effectively improve the blasting effect of blasting method excavation shaft. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a component for reducing the deviation rate of blasting drilling to solve the problem of drilling deviation.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A component for reducing the deviation rate of blasting drilling includes a guide;

[0008] The guide comprises a sleeved outer sleeve and a multi-petal inner sleeve, the multi-petal inner sleeve is connected to the outer sleeve via an elastic element, and a distance sensor is provided on the multi-petal inner sleeve to detect the distance from the inner wall of the outer sleeve; the distance sensor is wirelessly connected to a controller for analyzing the offset distance of the multi-petal inner sleeve;

[0009] Among them, the multi-petal inner sleeve includes a plurality of arc-shaped petals, which are equally divided into a ring shape and are installed on the inner wall of the outer sleeve through elastic elements. An annular cavity is formed in the middle of the plurality of arc-shaped petals, and the diameter of the annular cavity is changed by the deformation of the elastic element.

[0010] Furthermore, the multi-petal inner sleeves are designed in multiple groups and are installed on the inner wall of the outer sleeve at equal distances. A distance sensor generator is installed on the multi-petal inner sleeve, and a distance sensor receiver is installed on the inner wall of the outer sleeve on the same horizontal plane to measure the relative distance in real time.

[0011] Furthermore, the controller is connected to the guide via wireless, and a control unit is provided in the inner cavity of the controller, and a display screen and control buttons are provided on the outer side;

[0012] The controller uses the set position of the distance sensor in the guide as the position calibration, and constructs a two-dimensional or three-dimensional model, and updates the information collected by the distance sensor to the model in real time;

[0013] When the data collected by any one or a group of distance sensors changes, the offset angle is solved by trigonometric function according to the installation distance of one or a group of distance sensors and the offset data collected by the sensors;

[0014] The controller first presets an offset warning threshold and issues a warning when the offset exceeds the threshold.

[0015] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for collecting well formation paths based on the above auxiliary components;

[0016] The well formation path acquisition method comprises: using a distance sensor installed on the multi-petal inner sleeve, that is, installing a distance sensor generator on the multi-petal inner sleeve, and installing a distance sensor receiver on the inner wall of the outer sleeve on the same horizontal plane, to measure the relative distance in real time;

[0017] During the drilling process, the guide is installed on the drill rod behind the drill bit. If it is vertically downward, the distance measured by the distance sensor will not change. If the guide is offset, the distance sensor will monitor the change in data. At this time, when the data collected by any one or a group of distance sensors changes, the offset angle is solved by trigonometric function based on the installation distance of one or a group of distance sensors and the offset data collected by the sensors.

[0018] The controller first presets an offset warning threshold and issues a warning when the offset exceeds the threshold.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0020] The present invention adopts an outer sleeve and a multi-petal inner sleeve of an elastic element, and a distance sensor is provided on the multi-petal inner sleeve to detect the distance from the inner wall of the outer sleeve; the distance sensor is wirelessly connected to a controller for analyzing the offset distance of the multi-petal inner sleeve;

[0021] When drilling, if the original vertical path is deviated and the data collected by any one or a group of distance sensors changes, the offset angle is solved by trigonometric function based on the installation distance of one or a group of distance sensors and the offset data collected by the sensors; if the offset is greater than the preset threshold, an alarm is issued, which helps the drillers improve their drilling accuracy and provide guarantee for subsequent high-quality and efficient blasting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for describing the embodiments are briefly introduced below.

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a component for reducing the deflection rate of blasting drilling;

[0024] Figure 2It is a structural schematic diagram of a component for reducing the deflection rate of blasting drilling and a matching spacer;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a plan view of the components and the matching spacers for reducing the deflection rate of blasting drilling;

[0026] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the axial cross section of the guide;

[0027] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a transverse cross section of a guide;

[0028] Figure 6 Yes Figure 1 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of the middle part 4.

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the trenching form of a well;

[0030] In the accompanying drawings, the components represented by the reference numerals are listed as follows:

[0031] 1-spacer, 11-shaft rod, 12-sealing end, 121-bearing column, 122-expansion airbag, 123-soft rubber layer, 13-locking device, 14-check valve, 15-inflation tube, 16-throttle valve, 2-guide, 21-outer sleeve, 22-multi-petal inner sleeve, 23-elastic element, 24-distance sensor generator, 25-distance sensor receiver, 3-controller, 31-display screen, 32-control buttons. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The present invention discloses a component for reducing the deviation rate of blasting drilling, comprising: a guide 2;

[0033] The guide 2 includes a sleeved outer sleeve 21 and a multi-petal inner sleeve 22, the multi-petal inner sleeve 22 is connected to the outer sleeve 21 through an elastic element 23, and a distance sensor is provided on the multi-petal inner sleeve 22 to detect the distance from the inner wall of the outer sleeve 21; the distance sensor is wirelessly connected to a controller 3 for analyzing the offset distance of the multi-petal inner sleeve 22;

[0034] Among them, the multi-petal inner sleeve 21 includes a plurality of arc-shaped petals, which are equally divided into a ring shape and are installed on the inner wall of the outer sleeve 21 through an elastic element 23. An annular cavity is formed in the middle of the plurality of arc-shaped petals, and the diameter of the annular cavity is changed by the deformation of the elastic element 23.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] In this embodiment, the multi-petal inner sleeve 22 is designed in multiple groups and is installed on the inner wall of the outer sleeve 21 at equal distances. A distance sensor generator 24 is installed on the multi-petal inner sleeve 22, and a distance sensor receiver 25 is installed on the inner wall of the outer sleeve on the same horizontal plane to measure the relative distance in real time.

[0037] In this embodiment, the controller 3 is connected to the guide 2 wirelessly, and a control unit is provided in the inner cavity 3 of the controller, and a display screen and control buttons are provided on the outer side;

[0038] The controller 3 uses the set position of the distance sensor in the guide 2 as a position calibration, and constructs a two-dimensional or three-dimensional model, and updates the information collected by the distance sensor to the model in real time;

[0039] When the data collected by any one or a group of distance sensors changes, the offset angle is solved by trigonometric function according to the installation distance of one or a group of distance sensors and the offset data collected by the sensors;

[0040] The controller 3 first presets a deviation warning threshold, and issues a warning when the deviation exceeds the threshold.

[0041] Based on the above, firstly, the outer sleeve 21 and the multi-petal inner sleeve 22 are connected by an elastic element 23, that is, a ring-shaped cavity is formed in the middle of a plurality of arc-shaped petals of the multi-petal inner sleeve 21, and the diameter of the ring-shaped cavity is changed by the deformation of the elastic element 23. When in use, the multi-petal inner sleeve 22 passes through the drill bit end and reaches the drill rod behind the drill bit. At this time, the spring is in a compressed state and can be relatively stably fixed on the drill rod;

[0042] During the initial drilling, the verticality is kept relatively good. At this time, when drilling vertically downward, on the guide 2, multiple groups of multi-petal inner sleeves 22 are designed and installed equidistantly on the inner wall of the outer sleeve 21. A distance sensor generator 24 is installed on the multi-petal inner sleeve 22, and a distance sensor receiver 25 is installed on the inner wall of the outer sleeve on the same horizontal plane. When drilling vertically downward without deviation, the value obtained by the distance sensor 24 is relatively constant and will not change.

[0043] The principle of the above content is that during the drilling process, if deviation occurs, the drill rod will deviate by a certain angle, and at this time, the distance sensors installed on different planes will change their values;

[0044] During the drilling process, the guide is installed on the drill rod behind the drill bit. If it is vertically downward, the distance measured by the distance sensor will not change. If the guide 2 is offset, the distance sensor will monitor the change of data. At this time, when the data collected by any one or a group of distance sensors changes, the offset angle is solved by trigonometric function according to the installation distance of one or a group of distance sensors and the offset data collected by the sensor;

[0045] The controller first presets an offset warning threshold and issues a warning when the offset exceeds the threshold.

[0046] In this embodiment, infrared distance measurement is used, and the value is wirelessly transmitted to the controller 3, wherein the controller 3 uses the set position of the distance sensor in the guide 2 as the position calibration, and constructs a two-dimensional or three-dimensional model, and updates the information collected by the distance sensor to the model in real time;

[0047] The offset angle is calculated, and if it exceeds a preset threshold, a reminder is given; the material used for the guide is selected based on actual use and is not specifically limited in this embodiment.

[0048] Based on the above, in this embodiment, the measurement of whether the deviation is achieved by multiple groups of infrared distance measuring sensors. At present, infrared distance measuring sensors are widely used in industry and agriculture, and the accuracy and sensitivity of distance measurement can meet the requirements;

[0049] The angle of this embodiment is calculated by the controller based on parameters measured by multiple groups of infrared ranging sensors installed on different planes. The distance between adjacent infrared ranging sensors and the offset distance measured by the infrared ranging sensors can be solved by trigonometric functions.

[0050] Example 2

[0051] This embodiment provides a preferred implementation of a spacer 1;

[0052] The spacer 1 includes sealing ends 12 at both ends and a radially expandable locker 13 in the middle. The sealing ends 12 are used to seal the blast hole, and the locker 13 is used to ensure that the spacer 1 can be stably fixed inside the blast hole and will not be easily dislocated.

[0053] In this embodiment, the spacer 1 includes a shaft 11, sealing ends 12 are fixedly arranged at both ends of the shaft 11, and a locking device 13 is fixedly arranged on the shaft 11 and located between the two sealing ends 12;

[0054] Specifically, the sealing end 12 includes an expansion airbag 122 wrapped around its periphery; in this embodiment, the expansion airbag 122 is a circle around the periphery, and the inside is a bearing column 121, which ensures that the entire sealing end 12 can easily enter the blast hole, and the expansion airbag 122 can play its role without excessive inflation, thereby reducing the inflation work; an inflation tube 15 is fixedly provided at the tail end of the spacer 1, which is connected to the expansion airbag 122 and is used to inflate and deflate the expansion airbag 122;

[0055] Specifically, the locking device 13 in this embodiment includes a supporting airbag fixedly arranged on the shaft 11, and a supporting arc piece fixedly arranged on the periphery of the supporting airbag; and a spring piece is also fixedly arranged at the bottom of the supporting arc piece, and the other end of the spring piece is fixedly connected to the shaft 11; under the action of the spring piece, the supporting arc piece as a whole is in the form of inward contraction, ensuring that the supporting arc piece hinders the insertion of the entire spacer 1 during the insertion process; and after being inserted into the appropriate position, the supporting airbag is inflated, and the supporting airbag expands outward to open the supporting arc piece outward, so that it fits tightly on the side wall of the blasthole, serving as a county support, and supporting the entire spacer 1 so that it will not fall; similarly, the inflation tube 15 is connected to the supporting airbag to inflate and deflate the supporting airbag;

[0056] Based on the above, in this embodiment, a one-way valve 14 is provided at the place where the inflation tube 15 connects the expansion airbag 122 and the support airbag, and a throttle valve 16 is provided at the tail end to control the air intake.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] The difference from the above-mentioned embodiment 2 is that:

[0059] In this embodiment, a strip-shaped protrusion is fixedly provided on the outer periphery of the supporting arc piece to increase the friction between the supporting arc piece and the side wall of the blasthole, thereby improving the stability of its fixation;

[0060] In this embodiment, a soft rubber layer 123 is fixedly provided on the outer periphery of the expansion balloon 122, which, on the one hand, protects the surface of the expansion balloon 122 from being scratched, and on the other hand, increases or decreases the adhesion between the entire sealing end 12 and the side wall of the blast hole so that it can be stably attached to the blast hole.

[0061] In the above-mentioned embodiments 2 and 3, the length of the spacer 1 is determined according to the actual situation, and the spacer is a "shaft rod, with ends at both ends of the shaft rod and a locking member installed in the middle";

[0062] The ends of the spacer are made of materials that can achieve layered detonation. The ends are sealed on the left and right, and the locking piece in the middle can expand and fix it at the designated position after reaching the designated position.

[0063] Example 4

[0064] A method for collecting well-forming paths based on the above-mentioned small-section blind well one-time well-forming blasting auxiliary component;

[0065] The well formation path acquisition method comprises: using a distance sensor installed on the multi-petal inner sleeve, that is, installing a distance sensor generator on the multi-petal inner sleeve, and installing a distance sensor receiver on the inner wall of the outer sleeve on the same horizontal plane, to measure the relative distance in real time;

[0066] During the drilling process, the guide is installed on the drill rod behind the drill bit. If it is vertically downward, the distance measured by the distance sensor will not change. If the guide is offset, the distance sensor will monitor the change in data. At this time, when the data collected by any one or a group of distance sensors changes, the offset angle is solved by trigonometric function based on the installation distance of one or a group of distance sensors and the offset data collected by the sensors.

[0067] The controller first presets an offset warning threshold and issues a warning when the offset exceeds the threshold.

[0068] In summary, the present invention adopts an outer sleeve and a multi-petal inner sleeve of an elastic element, and a distance sensor is provided on the multi-petal inner sleeve to detect the distance from the inner wall of the outer sleeve; the distance sensor is wirelessly connected to a controller for analyzing the offset distance of the multi-petal inner sleeve;

[0069] When drilling, if the original vertical path is deviated and the data collected by any one or a group of distance sensors changes, the offset angle is solved by trigonometric function based on the installation distance of one or a group of distance sensors and the offset data collected by the sensors; if the offset is greater than the preset threshold, an alarm is issued, which helps the drillers improve their drilling accuracy and provide guarantee for subsequent high-quality and efficient blasting.

[0070] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are only used to help explain the present invention. The preferred embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to only the specific implementation methods described.

Claims

1. A component for reducing the deflection rate of blasting drilling, characterized in that: Including guides; The guide comprises a sleeved outer sleeve and a multi-petal inner sleeve, the multi-petal inner sleeve is connected to the outer sleeve via an elastic element, and a distance sensor is provided on the multi-petal inner sleeve to detect the distance from the inner wall of the outer sleeve; the distance sensor is wirelessly connected to a controller for analyzing the offset distance of the multi-petal inner sleeve; Among them, the multi-petal inner sleeve includes a plurality of arc-shaped petals, which are equally divided into a ring shape and are installed on the inner wall of the outer sleeve through elastic elements. An annular cavity is formed in the middle of the plurality of arc-shaped petals, and the diameter of the annular cavity is changed by the deformation of the elastic element.

2. A component for reducing the deflection rate of blasting drilling as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-petal inner sleeves are designed in multiple groups and are equidistantly installed on the inner wall of the outer sleeve. A distance sensor generator is installed on the multi-petal inner sleeve, and a distance sensor receiver is installed on the inner wall of the outer sleeve on the same horizontal plane to measure the relative distance in real time.

3. A component for reducing the deflection rate of blasting drilling as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The controller is connected to the guide wirelessly, and a control unit is provided in the inner cavity of the controller, and a display screen and control buttons are provided on the outer side; The controller uses the set position of the distance sensor in the guide as the position calibration, and constructs a two-dimensional or three-dimensional model, and updates the information collected by the distance sensor to the model in real time; When the data collected by any one or a group of distance sensors changes, the offset angle is solved by trigonometric function according to the installation distance of one or a group of distance sensors and the offset data collected by the sensors; The controller first presets an offset warning threshold and issues a warning when the offset exceeds the threshold.

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