A single-power-source multi-gear disordered shifting control mechanism and a gearbox shifting device

Abstract

A single-power-source, multi-gear, disordered shifting control mechanism and gearbox shifting device include a power source and a lead screw coaxially connected. Three lead screw nuts are coaxially fitted onto the lead screw in sequence. Multiple circumferential limiting grooves parallel to the lead screw nut's axis are arranged on the outer periphery of the lead screw nut. A convex ring with an outer diameter larger than the lead screw nut is also coaxially mounted on the lead screw nut. Each convex ring is axially limited and connected to a guide block in sequence. The mechanism also includes three limit control units corresponding to the three lead screw nuts in sequence. Each limit control unit includes a circumferential limiting protrusion that matches the structure of the circumferential limiting grooves. The circumferential limiting protrusion makes movable limiting contact with any one of the circumferential limiting grooves. Through the rational design of the component structure and the adoption of a technology solution of individual control of each gear and disordered shifting, a skip-gear function can be achieved, resulting in better shifting performance. It offers significant advantages in terms of cost, performance, transmission performance, and lifespan, with a lower failure risk. The mechanism has excellent structure, significant advantages, strong practicality, and broad application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of multi-gear transmission technology, specifically relating to a single-power-source multi-gear disordered shifting control mechanism and a transmission shifting device. Background Technology

[0002] The electrification of the global automotive industry is currently progressing rapidly, and the new energy vehicle industry has become a key focus for many countries under the wave of the new energy revolution. Passenger vehicles operate under relatively smooth conditions with low torque requirements, typically employing direct-drive motors or single-stage reduction transmission systems. Pure electric light and medium-sized trucks and buses can be equipped with two-speed gearboxes to meet their needs. Heavy-duty trucks and construction machinery, however, have large overall weight and complex operating conditions. To meet climbing performance requirements, lower gears need a large gear ratio, while higher gears should have a smaller gear ratio to meet the high speed requirements of long-distance transportation. Furthermore, the motor's speed regulation capability is limited during gear shifts, so the difference in speed ratio between high and low gears cannot be too large to ensure smooth shifting. To resolve this design contradiction, high-speed, high-torque high-power motors or multi-speed gearboxes can be used. However, high-power motors place corresponding requirements on installation space, controllers, and wiring harnesses, leading to a significant increase in production costs. Additionally, high-power motors suffer from performance overkill and poor economic efficiency. Therefore, using a multi-speed gearbox is the optimal technical approach.

[0003] Electric control mechanisms offer numerous advantages, including adjustable selection / shifting force, adjustable selection / shifting stroke, minimal shifting impact, strong versatility, and high compatibility, making them widely used in new energy electric vehicles. Two-speed electric control mechanisms typically convert the small torque output from the motor into a sufficiently large shifting force through a ball screw pair or worm gear structure. For multi-speed gearboxes, mainstream solutions include XY structure, YY structure, split structure, and drum structure. In the XY structure, two motors control gear selection and shifting separately; the YY structure combines two or more sets of two-speed electric control mechanisms in parallel, with two or more motors individually controlling two or more gears; the split structure arranges two or more sets of two-speed electric control mechanisms separately in different positions on the gearbox, each controlling two or more gears; the drum structure first amplifies the motor torque through a gear pair or worm gear structure, then drives the shift drum to rotate. The shift drum has two or more grooves that control two or more shift forks for shifting.

[0004] The advantages of the XY structure are that when its shifting mechanism is matched with a five-, six-, or more-speed gearbox, it only requires two sets of motors and transmission structures, resulting in significant advantages in cost, size, and weight. The disadvantage is that the shifting action prolongs the shifting time and increases control difficulty. The YY structure and split structure, because they lack shifting action, have short shifting times and lower control difficulty, but when matched with a five-, six-, or more-speed gearbox, cost, size, and weight increase exponentially. The drum structure requires only one motor, offering a significant cost advantage; however, due to structural limitations, it can only shift gears in a specified order according to the grooves on the shift drum, and cannot skip gears. Furthermore, for medium and heavy-duty truck gearboxes with high shifting forces, the shift drum grooves are prone to wear, and the high correlation between gears means that gears with severely worn grooves require a larger shift drum angle, while gears with slightly worn grooves may deviate from the correct position due to excessive shift drum angle, leading to faults such as incomplete engagement / dropping, incomplete neutral engagement, wear, and abnormal noise. Therefore, its service life is low, its failure rate is high, and its reliability is poor. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, the purpose of this invention is to provide a single-power-source multi-gear disordered shifting control mechanism and a gearbox shifting device, thereby solving the problems of cost, performance, and lifespan inherent in existing electronically controlled electric operating mechanisms for multi-gear pure electric gearboxes.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention includes:

[0007] A single-power-source, multi-gear, disordered shifting control mechanism includes a power source and a lead screw coaxially connected. Three lead screw nuts are coaxially sleeved on the lead screw in sequence. Multiple circumferential limiting grooves parallel to the lead screw nut's axis are arranged on the outer periphery of the lead screw nut. A convex ring with an outer diameter larger than the lead screw nut is also coaxially provided on the lead screw nut. Each convex ring is axially limited and connected to each guide block in sequence. The mechanism also includes three limit control units corresponding to the three lead screw nuts in sequence. Each limit control unit includes a circumferential limiting protrusion that matches the structure of the circumferential limiting groove. The circumferential limiting protrusion makes movable limiting contact with any circumferential limiting groove.

[0008] Preferably, the limit control unit further includes a follower rod, a first return spring, a limit locking pin, and an electromagnetic switch; one end of the first return spring is fixed in a limit position, and the other end of the first return spring is coaxially connected to one end of the follower rod, with its axis perpendicular to the lead screw axis; a circumferential limit protrusion is connected to the other end of the follower rod, and when the first return spring is in its natural state, the circumferential limit protrusion is located in and in contact with any circumferential limit groove; an annular groove is provided on the outer periphery of the middle section of the follower rod, and the limit locking pin is located between the follower rod and the electromagnetic switch, with the axis of the follower rod and the axis of the electromagnetic switch both perpendicular to the axis of the limit locking pin;

[0009] When the conical end of the electromagnetic switch is extended, it contacts one end of the limit locking pin and pushes the limit locking pin to move along its own axis toward the follower rod. At this time, the other end of the limit locking pin contacts the ring groove of the follower rod, and the circumferential limit protrusion contacts any circumferential limit groove.

[0010] Preferably, the limit control unit further includes an electromagnetic switch and a self-resetting limit half-ring, one end of the self-resetting limit half-ring is hinged, the circumferential limit protrusion is connected to the other end of the self-resetting limit half-ring, and the electromagnetic switch is located above the outer side of the arc surface of the self-resetting limit half-ring.

[0011] When the conical end of the electromagnetic switch is extended, it contacts the outer arc of the self-resetting limiting half-ring and pushes the self-resetting limiting half-ring to rotate until the circumferential limiting protrusion contacts any circumferential limiting groove.

[0012] Preferably, the limit control unit further includes an electromagnetic switch. The inner cavity of the switch housing of the electromagnetic switch is coaxially provided with a first moving magnet, a fixed magnet, and a second moving magnet. One end of the switch housing is coaxially provided with a tapered end connected to the first moving magnet. A circumferential limiting protrusion is connected to the end of the tapered end. The side wall of the switch housing is provided with a limiting plate connected to the second moving magnet. The lower part of the limiting plate is provided with a groove that matches the structure of the convex ring side wall. The switch housing is also provided with two limiting protrusions. Each limiting protrusion is connected to the inner wall of the switch housing with a second return spring. The two limiting protrusions are respectively in movable limiting contact with the first moving magnet and the second moving magnet.

[0013] When the electromagnetic switch is turned on and energized in the forward direction, the second return spring causes the limiting boss to retract. The first and second moving magnets move along their axial directions away from the fixed magnet until they are in contact with the circumferential limiting protrusion and either circumferential limiting groove. At this time, the second return spring causes the limiting boss to reset, and the two limiting bosses are in contact with the first and second moving magnets respectively. When the electromagnetic switch is turned on and energized in the reverse direction, the second return spring causes the limiting boss to retract. The first and second moving magnets move along their axial directions towards the fixed magnet until they are in contact with the groove of the limiting plate and the protruding ring. At this time, the second return spring causes the limiting boss to reset, and the two limiting bosses are in contact with the first and second moving magnets respectively.

[0014] Preferably, the axis of the circumferential limiting protrusion is perpendicular to the axis of the lead screw nut, and the circumferential limiting protrusion can reciprocate along its own axis and make movable limiting contact with any circumferential limiting groove.

[0015] Preferably, the circumferential limiting grooves are evenly distributed around the outer periphery of the lead screw nut.

[0016] Preferably, the convex ring is located at the end of the lead screw nut.

[0017] A gearbox shifting device includes three shift fork shafts with coplanar axes and parallel to the lead screw axis, three guide blocks respectively coaxially fixed on the three shift fork shafts, and a single power source multi-gear disordered shifting control mechanism disclosed in this application.

[0018] Preferably, it also includes a self-locking unit and an interlocking unit located at the ends of the three shift fork shafts.

[0019] A gearbox shifting device includes a shift fork shaft parallel to the lead screw axis, three guide blocks coaxially and loosely fitted onto the shift fork shaft, and a single-power-source multi-gear disordered shifting control mechanism disclosed in this application.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0021] (1) The single power source multi-gear disordered shifting control mechanism and gearbox shifting device of the present invention, through the reasonable setting of component structure, adopts the technical solution of single power source controlling multiple gears as a whole, without gear selection action, and the shifting time is shorter. At the same time, the technical solution of individual control of each gear and disordered shifting can realize the skip function, and the shifting performance is better. It has significant advantages in terms of cost, performance, transmission performance and life, and the risk of failure is lower. It has excellent structure, significant advantages, strong practicality and broad application prospects.

[0022] (2) The single power source multi-gear disorder shifting control mechanism and gearbox shifting device of the present invention, through the reasonable setting of component structure, adopts a variety of deformation schemes for the limit control unit, which is more flexible and adaptable to a wider range of working conditions.

[0023] (3) The gearbox shifting device of the present invention, through the reasonable setting of the component structure, can adopt a single shift fork shaft / multiple shift fork shaft scheme, which is flexible in application conditions. The gears can be shifted arbitrarily and without order. Since only one electromagnetic switch is turned on each time, after one gear returns to neutral, the other gear performs the shifting action, thus eliminating the possibility of shifting to two gears. It has a gear interlock function to ensure driving safety.

[0024] (4) The gearbox shifting device of the present invention has significant advantages in cost, volume and weight compared with XY structure, YY structure and split structure through reasonable setting of component structure. Compared with XY structure, there is no gear selection action and the shifting time is shorter.

[0025] (5) The gearbox shifting device of the present invention, through the reasonable setting of the component structure, adopts the technical solution of individual control of each gear and disordered shifting compared with the drum structure, can realize the skip function and the shifting performance is better. It adopts the ball screw structure, and there is no strong correlation between each gear. Compared with the drum structure, the transmission efficiency is higher, the service life is longer, and the failure risk is lower. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the following detailed description to explain the invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the gearbox shifting device obtained by the single power source multi-gear disordered shifting control mechanism of Embodiment 1 and the single power source multi-gear disordered shifting control mechanism of the selected embodiment of Embodiment 4;

[0028] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Top view;

[0029] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the self-locking unit and interlocking unit in the middle;

[0030] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Cross-sectional view of the SS surface;

[0031] Figure 5 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the electromagnetic switch being energized (left) and de-energized (right);

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a single-power-source multi-gear disordered shifting control mechanism in Example 2;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a single-power-source multi-gear disordered shifting control mechanism in Example 2;

[0034] Figure 8 for Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of the electromagnetic switch;

[0035] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the single shift fork shaft self-locking unit in Embodiment 5.

[0036] The labels in the diagram represent:

[0037] A. Shift fork shaft, B. Guide block, C. Self-locking unit, D. Interlocking unit, E. Gear position monitoring unit;

[0038] B1 Flexible Cylindrical Pin

[0039] C1 self-locking ball, C2 self-locking spring, C3 self-locking ball socket, C4 self-locking pin;

[0040] D1 Interlocking ball, D2 Interlocking shaft, D3 Interlocking ring groove;

[0041] E1 magnet, E2 displacement sensor

[0042] 1. Power source, 2. Lead screw, 3. Lead screw nut, 4. Limit control unit

[0043] 2-1 First bearing, 2-2 Second bearing;

[0044] 3-1 convex ring;

[0045] 4-0 Self-resetting limit half ring, 4-1 Follower rod, 4-2 First return spring, 4-3 Screw plug, 4-4 Limit locking pin, 4-5 Electromagnetic switch; 4-51 Switch housing, 4-52 Fixed magnet, 4-53 First moving magnet, 4-54 Second moving magnet, 4-55 Limit plate, 4-56 Limit boss, 4-57 Second return spring. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments. All equivalent modifications made based on the technical solutions of this application fall within the protection scope of this invention.

[0047] It should be noted that the directional terms mentioned in this document, such as "inner cavity," "inner circumference," "inner wall," and "outer side," are consistent with the specific directions on the paper in the accompanying drawings or the corresponding directions of the space shown in the drawings; all components and devices in this invention, unless otherwise specified, are components and devices known in the prior art.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] like Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, this embodiment discloses a single-power-source multi-gear disordered shifting control mechanism, including a power source 1 and a lead screw 2 coaxially connected. Three lead screw nuts 3 are coaxially sleeved on the lead screw 2. Multiple circumferential limiting grooves parallel to the lead screw nut 3 are arranged on the outer periphery of the lead screw nut 3. A convex ring 3-1 with an outer diameter larger than the lead screw nut 3 is also coaxially provided on the lead screw nut 3. Each convex ring 3-1 is axially limited and connected to each guide block B in sequence. It also includes three limit control units 4 corresponding to the three lead screw nuts 3 in sequence. The limit control unit 4 includes a circumferential limiting protrusion that matches the structure of the circumferential limiting groove. The circumferential limiting protrusion is in movable limiting contact with any circumferential limiting groove.

[0050] Its function is as follows: When applied to the gearbox shifting device, when a gear needs to be engaged, the power source 1 is turned on and rotates in the forward direction, moving the circumferential limiting protrusion corresponding to the desired gear to any circumferential limiting groove of the corresponding lead screw nut 3 and making limiting contact with it. At this time, the lead screw nut 3 for that gear is locked in its circumferential rotation direction, and the lead screw nut 3 drives the corresponding guide block B to slide along its axial direction until the gear engagement action is completed, and the power source 1 is turned off. During this period, the circumferential rotation direction of the other two lead screw nuts 3 is not locked, and the axial movement is restricted, that is, the two guide blocks B corresponding to the other two lead screw nuts 3 have no axial force. The whole adopts a single power source to control multiple gears technical solution, without gear selection action, and the shifting time is shorter. At the same time, the technical solution of individual control of each gear and disordered shifting can realize the skip function, and the shifting performance is better. It has significant advantages in terms of cost, performance, transmission performance and lifespan, and the risk of failure is lower.

[0051] The power source 1 disclosed in this embodiment is an electric motor, preferably a brushless motor with a longer lifespan, to reduce the risk of abnormal or failed operation of the control mechanism due to carbon brush wear of the brushed motor. The axis of the circumferential limiting protrusion disclosed in this embodiment is perpendicular to the axis of the lead screw nut 3. The circumferential limiting protrusion can reciprocate along its own axis and make movable limiting contact with any circumferential limiting groove. Each circumferential limiting groove is evenly distributed around the outer circumference of the lead screw nut 3, and the protruding ring 3-1 is located at the end of the lead screw nut 3.

[0052] The power source 1 disclosed in this embodiment is fixed to the housing by bolts, providing torque for shifting gears. A first bearing 2-1 and a second bearing 2-2 are installed on both sides of the lead screw 2. The first bearing 2-1 and the second bearing 2-2 are preferably thrust needle roller bearings, used for axial positioning and reducing frictional resistance during rotation. The left side of the lead screw 2 has a hexagonal groove that mates with the hexagonal shaft at the motor output end, allowing the motor to drive its rotation. A sliding bearing is also coaxially mounted on the lead screw and press-fitted onto the housing. The inner side of the sliding bearing has a small clearance fit with the optical shaft on one side of the lead screw 2, providing axial positioning for the lead screw 2. The lead screw nut 3 and the lead screw 2 are respectively machined with inner and outer raceways, with balls installed between them, forming a ball screw pair structure.

[0053] The limit control unit 4 in this embodiment also includes a follower rod 4-1, a first return spring 4-2, a limit locking pin 4-4, and an electromagnetic switch 4-5. One end of the first return spring 4-2 is fixed to the housing by a screw plug 4-3, and the other end of the first return spring 4-2 is coaxially connected to one end of the follower rod 4-1, with its axis perpendicular to the axis of the lead screw 2. A circumferential limit protrusion is connected to the other end of the follower rod 4-1, and when the first return spring 4-2 is in its natural state, the circumferential limit protrusion is located in and in contact with any circumferential limit groove. An annular groove is provided on the outer periphery of the middle section of the follower rod 4-1, and the limit locking pin 4-4 is located between the follower rod 4-1 and the electromagnetic switch 4-5. The axes of the follower rod 4-1 and the electromagnetic switch 4-5 are perpendicular to the axis of the limit locking pin 4-4. When the conical end of the electromagnetic switch 4-5 is extended, the conical end of the electromagnetic switch 4-5 contacts one end of the limit locking pin 4-4 and pushes the limit locking pin 4-4 to move along its own axis toward the follower rod 4-1. At this time, the other end of the limit locking pin 4-4 is in contact with the annular groove of the follower rod 4-1, and the circumferential limit protrusion is in contact with any circumferential limit groove. In this embodiment, the housing is provided with a hole that matches the structure of the follower rod 4-1 and the limit locking pin 4-4. Both the follower rod 4-1 and the limit locking pin 4-4 can reciprocate within the corresponding hole.

[0054] When the electromagnetic switch 4-5 is energized, the conical end of the electromagnetic switch 4-5 moves downward and becomes tangent to the right side of the limit locking pin 4-4. The left side of the limit locking pin 4-4 is embedded in the limit groove of the middle section of the follower rod 4-1, and the circumferential limit protrusion at the lower end of the follower rod 4-1 is embedded in any circumferential limit groove of the screw nut 3, restricting the rotational movement of the screw nut 3. When the electromagnetic switch (10) is de-energized, the conical end of the electromagnetic switch 4-5 moves upward, and the conical end of the electromagnetic switch 4-5 remains tangent to the right side of the limit locking pin 4-4. At an appropriate distance, the limiting locking pin 4-4 can move left and right without coming out of the hole in the housing. When the lead screw nut 3 rotates, it pushes the follower rod 4-1 out of the circumferential limiting groove (i.e., the follower rod 4-1 resumes its up-and-down reciprocating motion). Under the action of the spring force of the first return spring 4-2, the follower rod 4-1 moves up and down, pushing the limiting locking pin 4-4 out of the annular groove of the follower rod 4-1. At this time, the limiting locking pin 4-4 has no locking effect on the follower rod 4-1, and the rotation of the lead screw nut 4 is unrestricted.

[0055] In this embodiment, the follower rod 4-1 is designed with a symmetrical structure to prevent misinstallation, and the two ends of the limiting locking pin 4-4 are ball heads.

[0056] The limit control unit 4 in this embodiment has a clever overall design that is easy to implement. It can limit the lead screw nut 3 while avoiding wear on the electromagnetic switch 4-5 and extending its service life. It is simple to process and has significant advantages in terms of cost, size and weight.

[0057] Example 2

[0058] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 lies in the design of the limit control unit 4, such as... Figure 6 As shown, the limit control unit 4 in this embodiment includes an electromagnetic switch 4-5 and a self-resetting limit half-ring 4-0. One end of the self-resetting limit half-ring 4-0 is hinged to the housing, and the circumferential limit protrusion is connected to the other end of the self-resetting limit half-ring 4-0. The electromagnetic switch 4-5 is located above the outer side of the arc surface of the self-resetting limit half-ring 4-0. When the conical end of the electromagnetic switch 4-5 is extended, the conical end of the electromagnetic switch 4-5 contacts the outer arc of the self-resetting limit half-ring 4-0 and pushes the self-resetting limit half-ring 4-0 to rotate until the circumferential limit protrusion contacts any circumferential limit groove.

[0059] Its function is as follows: When a shifting operation is required to move the lead screw nut 3 axially, the corresponding electromagnetic switch 4-5 is energized, the conical end of the electromagnetic switch 4-5 moves downward, pushing the self-resetting limit half-ring 4-0 to rotate. The circumferential limit protrusion at the other end of the self-resetting limit half-ring 4-0 contacts the limit groove of any circumferential limit groove of the lead screw nut 3, restricting its rotational movement. When the power source 1 drives the lead screw 2 to rotate, the lead screw nut 3 moves axially with the corresponding guide block B to engage the shifting gear. At this time, the electromagnetic switch 4-5 is tangent to the outer arc surface of the self-resetting limit half-ring 4-0, producing a locking effect to ensure that the self-resetting limit half-ring 4-0 will not return to its original position. When no shifting operation is required, the conical end of the electromagnetic switch 4-5 moves upward, and the self-resetting limit half-ring 4-0 rotates under the action of the return force. The circumferential limit protrusion at the other end of the self-resetting limit half-ring 4-0 separates from the circumferential limit groove of the lead screw nut 3. When the power source 1 drives the lead screw 2 to rotate, the lead screw nut 3 spins freely and does not produce axial displacement.

[0060] The self-resetting limiting half-ring 4-0 disclosed in this embodiment is a caliper, and its return operation can be achieved by using a return torsion spring.

[0061] Other structures and operating logic are similar to those in Embodiment 1 and will not be described in detail. The shifting logic for other gears is the same as above. Based on the characteristics of this structure, gears can be shifted arbitrarily and without order. Since only one electromagnetic switch is turned on at a time, after one gear returns to neutral, another gear performs the shifting action, thus eliminating the possibility of shifting into two gears. It has a gear interlock function to ensure driving safety.

[0062] Example 3

[0063] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 lies in the design of the limit control unit 4, such as... Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown,

[0064] The limit control unit 4 also includes an electromagnetic switch 4-5. The inner cavity of the switch housing 4-51 of the electromagnetic switch 4-5 is coaxially provided with a first moving magnet 4-53, a fixed magnet 4-52, and a second moving magnet 4-54. One end of the switch housing 4-51 is coaxially provided with a tapered end connected to the first moving magnet 4-53. A circumferential limiting protrusion is connected to the end of the tapered end. The side wall of the switch housing 4-51 is provided with a limiting plate 4-55 connected to the second moving magnet 4-54. The lower part of the limiting plate 4-55 is provided with a slot that matches the side wall structure of the convex ring 3-1. The switch housing 4-51 is also provided with two limiting protrusions 4-56. A second return spring 4-57 is connected between each limiting protrusion 4-56 and the inner wall of the switch housing 4-51. The two limiting protrusions 4-56 are respectively in movable limiting contact with the first moving magnet 4-53 and the second moving magnet 4-54.

[0065] When the electromagnetic switch 4-5 is turned on and energized in the forward direction, the second return spring 4-57 causes the limiting boss 4-56 to retract. The first moving magnet 4-53 and the second moving magnet 4-54 move along their axial direction away from the fixed magnet 4-52 until the circumferential limiting protrusion makes contact with either circumferential limiting groove. At this time, the second return spring 4-57 causes the limiting boss 4-56 to reset, and the two limiting bosses 4-56 make contact with the first moving magnet 4-53 and the second moving magnet 4-54 respectively.

[0066] When the electromagnetic switch 4-5 is turned on and reverse power is applied, the second return spring 4-57 causes the limiting boss 4-56 to retract. The first moving magnet 4-53 and the second moving magnet 4-54 move along their axial direction toward the fixed magnet 4-52 until they are in the slot of the limiting plate 4-55 and make limiting contact with the protruding ring 3-1. At this time, the second return spring 4-57 causes the limiting boss 4-56 to reset, and the two limiting bosses 4-56 make limiting contact with the first moving magnet 4-53 and the second moving magnet 4-54 respectively.

[0067] In this embodiment, the conical end and the limiting plate 4-55 always maintain opposite directions. That is, when the conical end is downward, the limiting plate 4-55 is upward, and when the conical end is upward, the limiting plate 4-55 is downward. The conical end engages with the circumferential limiting groove of the lead screw nut 3 to restrict the rotational movement of the lead screw nut 3, and the limiting plate 4-55 engages with the convex ring 3-1 to restrict the movement of the lead screw nut. When the conical end is downward, the lead screw nut 3 moves axially to perform a gear shifting action. When the limiting plate 4-55 is downward, the lead screw nut 3 does not move axially and remains in neutral or geared state.

[0068] Other structures and operating logic are similar to those in Embodiment 1 and will not be described in detail. The shifting logic for other gears is the same as above. Based on the characteristics of this structure, gears can be shifted arbitrarily and without order. Since only one electromagnetic switch is turned on at a time, after one gear returns to neutral, another gear performs the shifting action, thus eliminating the possibility of shifting into two gears. It has a gear interlock function to ensure driving safety.

[0069] Example 4

[0070] like Figures 1-5 As shown, this embodiment discloses a gearbox shifting device, including three shift fork shafts A with coplanar axes and parallel to the axis of the lead screw 2, and three guide blocks B respectively coaxially fixed on the three shift fork shafts A, and also includes any single power source multi-gear disordered shifting control mechanism of embodiments 1-3.

[0071] Its function is as follows: The whole adopts a single power source to control multiple gears, without gear selection action, and the shifting time is shorter. At the same time, it adopts a technology of individual control of each gear and disordered shifting, which can realize the skip function, and the shifting performance is better. It has significant advantages in terms of cost, performance, transmission performance and lifespan, and the risk of failure is lower.

[0072] In this embodiment, each guide block B is fixed to the corresponding shift fork shaft A by an elastic cylindrical pin B1.

[0073] The three shift fork shafts A disclosed in this embodiment are also provided with a self-locking unit C. The self-locking unit C includes a plurality of self-locking ball sockets C3 respectively provided on the upper part near the end of the shift fork shaft A. In this embodiment, each shift fork shaft A has three self-locking ball sockets C3. Each shift fork shaft A has a self-locking ball C1 and a self-locking spring C2 coaxially connected on its respective locking ball socket C3, which cooperate with each other to realize the self-locking function of the shift fork shaft A after it is engaged.

[0074] The three shift fork shafts A disclosed in this embodiment are also provided with interlocking units D at their ends. The interlocking unit D includes interlocking ring grooves D3 respectively arranged circumferentially near the ends of the shift fork shafts A. An interlocking ball D1 is provided between two adjacent interlocking ring grooves D3. An interlocking shaft D2 is radially inserted through the interlocking ring groove D3 of the middle shift fork shaft A. The axis of the interlocking shaft D2 is perpendicular to and intersects the axis of the three shift fork shafts A. They cooperate with each other to realize the interlocking function of the other two shift fork shafts A after any outer shift fork shaft A is engaged.

[0075] The three shift fork shafts A disclosed in this embodiment are also provided with a gear position monitoring unit E. The gear position monitoring unit E includes a magnet E1 provided at the end of each shift fork shaft A, and a displacement sensor E2 that is fixed on the housing in sequence corresponding to each magnet E1. When the shift fork shaft A drives the magnet E1 to move axially, the change in magnetic field is converted into a voltage signal of the displacement sensor E2, which is used to monitor the gear position of each shift fork shaft.

[0076] This embodiment defines Figure 1 The guide blocks B in the middle are, from left to right, gears one and two, gears three and four, and gears five and six.

[0077] When in neutral, motor 1 is not working, electromagnetic switches 4-5 are all de-energized, shift fork shaft A is in neutral, and the rotation direction of lead screw nut 3 is not locked.

[0078] When the command to engage second gear is received, motor 1 rotates in the forward direction, the corresponding electromagnetic switches 4-5 for first and second gear are energized, the rotation direction of the first and second gear lead screw nuts 3 is locked, and the lead screw nuts 3 drive the first and second gear guide blocks B and the first and second gear shift fork shaft A to move to the right; the rotation direction of the other two lead screw nuts 3 is not locked, and the axial movement is restricted, so the lead screw nuts 3 and lead screw 2 rotate synchronously, and there is no axial force on the guide block B; when the displacement sensor E2 detects the signal that the second gear is engaged, motor 1 and the first and second gear electromagnetic switches 4-5 stop working, and the gear engagement action is completed.

[0079] When the command to engage fourth gear is received, motor 1 rotates in reverse, the first and second gear solenoid switches 4-5 are energized, and the rotation direction of the first and second gear lead screw nut 3 is locked. Lead screw nut 3 drives the first and second gear guide blocks B and the first and second gear shift fork shaft A to move to the left. The rotation direction of the other two lead screw nuts 3 is not locked, and their axial movement is restricted. Therefore, lead screw nuts 3 rotate synchronously with lead screw 2, exerting no axial force on guide block B. When displacement sensor E1 detects the signal that second gear has shifted to neutral, motor 1 stops working, the first and second gear solenoid switches 4-5 are de-energized, and the operation is complete. The shifting action is completed; motor 1 rotates forward, the third and fourth gear solenoid switches 4-5 are energized, the rotation direction of the third and fourth gear lead screw nut 3 is locked, and the lead screw nut 3 drives the third and fourth gear guide block B and the third and fourth gear shift fork shaft A to move to the right; the rotation direction of the other two lead screw nuts 3 is not locked, and the axial movement is restricted, so the lead screw nut 3 rotates synchronously with the lead screw 2, and there is no axial force on the guide block B; when the displacement sensor E2 detects the signal that the fourth gear is engaged, motor 1 and the third and fourth gear solenoid switches 4-5 stop working, and the shifting action is completed.

[0080] Example 5

[0081] This embodiment discloses a gearbox shifting device, including a shift fork shaft A parallel to the axis of the lead screw 2, and three guide blocks B sequentially and coaxially loosely fitted on the shift fork shaft A, as well as a single power source multi-gear disordered shifting control mechanism of any one of Embodiments 1-3.

[0082] This embodiment is a single shift fork shaft scheme, in which multiple gears (4th gear, 6th gear and above) share one shift fork shaft. The guide block (or shift fork) is loosely fitted on the shift fork shaft A. Each guide block B is equipped with a magnet E1 and a displacement sensor E2 to identify the position of each gear.

[0083] like Figure 9 As shown, this embodiment also includes a self-locking unit C for a single shift fork shaft. The self-locking unit C includes self-locking ball sockets C3 provided on the side wall of each guide block B. In this embodiment, each guide block B is preferably provided with 3 self-locking ball sockets C3, which correspond to the corresponding gear positions. The center line of each self-locking ball socket C3 is parallel to the axis of the shift fork shaft A. The self-locking unit C also includes self-locking pins C4 corresponding to each guide block B, which cooperate to realize the self-locking function after the guide block B of that gear is engaged.

[0084] The working logic when the single power source multi-gear disordered shifting control mechanism of Embodiment 3 is selected in this embodiment is as follows:

[0085] like Figure 7 Currently, it is in the first gear position, meaning that the circumferential limiting protrusions at the conical ends of all gear electromagnetic switches 4-5 do not contact the circumferential limiting grooves of the lead screw nut 3, thus not restricting the rotation of the lead screw nut 3. The middle groove of the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth gear limiting plates 4-55 engages with the convex ring 3-1 of the lead screw nut 3, restricting the axial movement of the lead screw nut 2 and maintaining it in the neutral position. The side of the groove of the first and second gear limiting plates 4-55 engages with the convex ring 3-1 of the lead screw nut 3, restricting the axial movement of the lead screw nut 3 and maintaining it in the first gear position.

[0086] When shifting to fifth gear, the circumferential limiting protrusion at the conical end of the first and second gear electromagnetic switch 4-5 contacts the circumferential limiting groove of the lead screw nut 3, restricting the rotation of the lead screw nut 3 in that gear. The groove of the first and second gear limiting plate 4-55 separates from the convex ring 3-1 of the lead screw nut 3. The shift motor 1 rotates, pushing the first and second gear lead screw nut 3 and the first and second gear guide block B (shift fork) to move towards neutral. After the displacement sensor detects the signal that the shift to neutral has been completed, the circumferential limiting protrusion at the conical end of the first and second gear electromagnetic switch 4-5 separates from the groove of the lead screw nut. The middle groove of the first and second gear limiting plate 4-55 contacts the convex ring 3-1 of the lead screw nut 3, keeping the first and second gears in the neutral position.

[0087] During this process, the third and fourth gear electromagnetic switches 4-5 are not energized, the conical end of the electromagnetic switch and the limit plate 4-55 are kept in the neutral position, the groove in the middle of the limit plate 4-55 cooperates with the protruding ring 3-1 of the lead screw nut 3, restricting the axial movement of the lead screw nut 3, the lead screw nut 3 rotates synchronously with the shaft of motor 1 and the lead screw 2, and the guide block B (shift fork) does not move axially.

[0088] After shifting from first to second gear back to neutral, the circumferential limiting protrusion at the conical end of the fifth and sixth gear electromagnetic switch 4-5 contacts the circumferential limiting groove of the lead screw nut 3, restricting the rotation of the lead screw nut 3. The groove in the middle of the fifth and sixth gear limiting plate 4-55 separates from the convex ring 3-1 of the lead screw nut 3. The shift motor 1 rotates, pushing the fifth and sixth gear lead screw nut 3 and the fifth and sixth gear guide block B (shift fork) to move towards fifth gear. After the displacement sensor detects the shift completion signal, the circumferential limiting protrusion at the conical end of the fifth and sixth gear electromagnetic switch 4-5 separates from the circumferential limiting groove of the lead screw nut 3. The side of the groove of the fifth and sixth gear limiting plate 4-55 contacts the convex ring 3-1 of the lead screw nut 3, keeping the fifth and sixth gear in the fifth gear position.

[0089] The shifting logic for other gears is the same as above. Based on the characteristics of this structure, gears can be shifted arbitrarily and without order. Since only one electromagnetic switch is turned on at a time, after one gear returns to neutral, another gear performs the shifting action, thus eliminating the possibility of shifting into two gears. It has a gear interlock function to ensure driving safety.

[0090] The preferred embodiments of this disclosure have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this disclosure is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of this disclosure, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of this disclosure, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of this disclosure.

[0091] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, this disclosure will not describe the various possible combinations separately.

[0092] Furthermore, the various implementation methods disclosed in this solution can be combined in any way, as long as they do not violate the spirit of this disclosure, they should also be regarded as the content invented by this disclosure.

Claims

1. A single-power-source, multi-gear, disordered shifting control mechanism, characterized in that, It includes a power source (1) and a lead screw (2) connected coaxially. Three lead screw nuts (3) are coaxially sleeved on the lead screw (2). Multiple circumferential limiting grooves parallel to its axis are arranged on the outer periphery of the lead screw nuts (3). A convex ring (3-1) with an outer diameter larger than the lead screw nut (3) is also coaxially provided on the lead screw nut (3). Each convex ring (3-1) is axially limited and connected to each guide block (B) in sequence. It also includes three limit control units (4) corresponding to three lead screw nuts (3) in sequence. The limit control unit (4) includes a circumferential limit protrusion that matches the circumferential limit groove structure. The circumferential limit protrusion is in movable limit contact with any circumferential limit groove. The limit control unit (4) also includes a follower rod (4-1), a first return spring (4-2), a limit locking pin (4-4), and an electromagnetic switch (4-5). One end of the first return spring (4-2) is fixed and limited, and the other end of the first return spring (4-2) is coaxially connected to one end of the follower rod (4-1), and its axis is perpendicular to the axis of the lead screw (2). The circumferential limiting protrusion is connected to the other end of the follower rod (4-1). When the first return spring (4-2) is in its natural state, the circumferential limiting protrusion is located in any circumferential limiting groove and contacts it. The outer circumference of the middle section of the follower rod (4-1) is provided with an annular groove. The limiting locking pin (4-4) is located between the follower rod (4-1) and the electromagnetic switch (4-5), and the axis of the follower rod (4-1) and the axis of the electromagnetic switch (4-5) are both perpendicular to the axis of the limiting locking pin (4-4). When the conical end of the electromagnetic switch (4-5) is extended, the conical end of the electromagnetic switch (4-5) contacts one end of the limiting locking pin (4-4) and pushes the limiting locking pin (4-4) to move along its own axis toward the follower rod (4-1). At this time, the other end of the limiting locking pin (4-4) is in limiting contact with the annular groove of the follower rod (4-1), and the circumferential limiting protrusion is in limiting contact with any circumferential limiting groove.

2. A single-power-source, multi-gear, disordered shifting control mechanism, characterized in that, It includes a power source (1) and a lead screw (2) connected coaxially. Three lead screw nuts (3) are coaxially sleeved on the lead screw (2). Multiple circumferential limiting grooves parallel to its axis are arranged on the outer periphery of the lead screw nuts (3). A convex ring (3-1) with an outer diameter larger than the lead screw nut (3) is also coaxially provided on the lead screw nut (3). Each convex ring (3-1) is axially limited and connected to each guide block (B) in sequence. It also includes three limit control units (4) corresponding to three lead screw nuts (3) in sequence. The limit control unit (4) includes a circumferential limit protrusion that matches the circumferential limit groove structure. The circumferential limit protrusion is in movable limit contact with any circumferential limit groove. The limit control unit (4) further includes an electromagnetic switch (4-5). The inner cavity of the switch housing (4-51) of the electromagnetic switch (4-5) is coaxially provided with a first moving magnet (4-53), a fixed magnet (4-52), and a second moving magnet (4-54). One end of the switch housing (4-51) is coaxially provided with a tapered end connected to the first moving magnet (4-53). The circumferential limiting protrusion is connected to the end of the tapered end. The side wall of the switch housing (4-51) is provided with a connection to the second moving magnet (4-53). 54) The connecting limiting plate (4-55) has a slot at the bottom that matches the side wall structure of the convex ring (3-1); the switch housing (4-51) is also provided with two limiting bosses (4-56), and each limiting boss (4-56) is connected to the inner wall of the switch housing (4-51) with a second return spring (4-57), and the two limiting bosses (4-56) are in movable limiting contact with the first moving magnet (4-53) and the second moving magnet (4-54) respectively; When the electromagnetic switch (4-5) is turned on and energized in the forward direction, the second return spring (4-57) drives the limiting boss (4-56) to retract. The first moving magnet (4-53) and the second moving magnet (4-54) move along their axial direction away from the fixed magnet (4-52) until the circumferential limiting protrusion makes contact with any circumferential limiting groove. At this time, the second return spring (4-57) drives the limiting boss (4-56) to reset, and the two limiting bosses (4-56) make contact with the first moving magnet (4-53) and the second moving magnet (4-54) respectively. When the electromagnetic switch (4-5) is turned on and energized in the reverse direction, the second return spring (4-57) drives the limiting boss (4-56) to retract. The first moving magnet (4-53) and the second moving magnet (4-54) move along their axial direction toward the fixed magnet (4-52) until they are in the slot of the limiting plate (4-55) and in the limiting contact with the protruding ring (3-1). At this time, the second return spring (4-57) drives the limiting boss (4-56) to reset, and the two limiting bosses (4-56) respectively make limiting contact with the first moving magnet (4-53) and the second moving magnet (4-54).

3. The single-power-source multi-gear disordered shifting control mechanism as described in any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that, The axis of the circumferential limiting protrusion is perpendicular to the axis of the lead screw nut (3). The circumferential limiting protrusion can reciprocate along its own axis and make movable limiting contact with any circumferential limiting groove.

4. The single-power-source multi-gear disordered shifting control mechanism as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The screw nuts are evenly distributed around the periphery of each circumferential limiting groove (3).

5. The single-power-source multi-gear disordered shifting control mechanism as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The convex ring (3-1) is located at the end of the lead screw nut (3).

6. A gearbox shifting device, characterized in that, It includes three shift fork shafts (A) with three coplanar axes that are parallel to the axis of the lead screw (2), and three guide blocks (B) that are coaxially fixed on the three shift fork shafts (A), and also includes the single power source multi-gear disorder shifting control mechanism as described in any one of claims 1-5.

7. The gearbox shifting device as described in claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes a self-locking unit (C) and an interlocking unit (D) located at the ends of the three shift fork shafts (A).

8. A gearbox shifting device, characterized in that, It includes a shift fork shaft (A) parallel to the axis of the lead screw (2), and three guide blocks (B) coaxially and loosely fitted on the shift fork shaft (A) in sequence, and also includes the single power source multi-gear disorder shifting control mechanism as described in any one of claims 1-5.

Images