A portable river bottom sludge sampling device for water environment treatment

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of sludge sampling, and particularly to a portable river bottom sludge sampling device for water environment treatment. It includes: a driving device; a sampling inner shell detachably and fixedly connected to the driving device; an outer shell disposed outside the sampling inner shell, and a gap is left between the outer shell and the sampling inner shell. The driving device is detachably and fixedly connected with a control shaft; a fitting ring is disposed at the bottom of the sampling inner shell, and the fitting ring is in contact with the outer shell; a fixing component is disposed on the outer shell for fixing the outer shell and the sampling inner shell into one body. By separating the sampling inner shell and the outer shell, water enters the bottom of the sampling inner shell to offset the negative pressure and dilute part of the sludge, reducing the resistance of the sludge layer on the outer shell, making it easier for the staff to pull out by combining with the shaking of the outer shell, and improving the efficiency and convenience of sludge sampling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of sludge sampling, and particularly relates to a portable river bottom sludge sampling device for water environment treatment. Background Art

[0002] River bottom sludge sampling is an important basic work in water environment treatment, mainly used to evaluate the water quality of rivers, understand pollution sources and formulate treatment plans. It can help researchers and engineers understand the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of river bottom sediments, and thus provide a scientific basis for water environment treatment. Existing river channel sludge sampling methods include sampling tube sampling, piston sampling, grab sampling, etc. Among them, the sampling tube sampling method is widely used because of its simple structure, portability, easy carrying and simple operation. The existing sampling tube sampling requires staff to lower the sampling tube to the bottom of the river channel, then insert the sampling tube into the sludge layer to make the sludge enter the sampling tube to complete the sampling. However, when the sampling tube is pulled out, since the sampling tube forms a seal with the sludge layer, a negative pressure gap is formed between the sampling tube and the sludge layer when pulled out, so that when the sampling tube is pulled out, it is not only affected by the resistance of the sludge and the suction force of the negative pressure, making it difficult for the staff to pull out the sampling tube, thus consuming a lot of time and effort. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to overcome the drawback that the sampling tube forms a seal with the sludge layer, and a negative pressure gap is formed between the sampling tube and the sludge layer when pulled out, making it difficult for the staff to pull out the sampling tube, the present invention provides a portable river bottom sludge sampling device for water environment treatment.

[0004] The technical solution is: A portable river bottom sludge sampling device for water environment treatment, comprising:

[0005] A driving device;

[0006] A sampling inner shell, detachably and fixedly connected to the driving device, and the sampling inner shell is used for storing the sludge after sampling;

[0007] An outer shell, arranged outside the sampling inner shell, and there is a gap between the outer shell and the sampling inner shell. The driving device is detachably and fixedly connected with a control shaft;

[0008] A fitting ring, arranged at the bottom of the sampling inner shell, and the fitting ring fits with the outer shell for sealing the gap between the outer shell and the sampling inner shell;

[0009] A fixing component, arranged on the outer shell, for fixing the outer shell and the sampling inner shell into one body.

[0010] Furthermore, the bottom of the outer shell is provided with circumferentially distributed insertion blocks, and the edges of the insertion blocks are all edge-treated to reduce the resistance of the outer shell entering the sludge layer.

[0011] Further, a first through hole is provided at the top of the sampling inner shell, and the first through hole is used to drain the water located inside the sampling inner shell.

[0012] Further, the fixing component includes:

[0013] A first limiting shaft, which is slidably connected to the top of the outer shell. The first limiting shaft is in limiting cooperation with the sampling inner shell. A first elastic member is provided between the first limiting shaft and the outer shell. The first limiting shaft is fixedly connected with a pull rope.

[0014] Further, it further includes:

[0015] A plugging component, which is arranged at the bottom of the sampling inner shell and is used to plug the sludge located inside the sampling inner shell. The plugging component includes:

[0016] A second elastic member, which is arranged between the sampling inner shell and the fitting ring. The sampling inner shell is rotatably connected with the fitting ring. The second elastic member is used to drive the fitting ring to rotate;

[0017] A plugging soft ring, which is fixedly connected between the sampling inner shell and the fitting ring. The plugging soft ring is used to plug the sampling inner shell;

[0018] A limiting component, which is arranged on the fitting ring and is used to limit the rotation of the fitting ring.

[0019] Further, the limiting component includes:

[0020] A second limiting shaft, which is slidably connected to the fitting ring. The second limiting shaft is in limiting cooperation with the outer shell. A third elastic member is provided between the second limiting shaft and the fitting ring.

[0021] Further, it further includes: an auxiliary separation component, which is arranged on the outer shell. The auxiliary separation component is used to assist in separating the outer shell from the sludge layer. The auxiliary separation component includes:

[0022] A plurality of extrusion frames, which are slidably connected to the outer shell. A plurality of the extrusion frames are all in extrusion cooperation with the fitting ring. The extrusion frames are located in the gap between the sampling inner shell and the outer shell. The extrusion frames are fixedly connected with expansion plates located outside the outer shell. A fourth elastic member is provided between the extrusion frames and the outer shell.

[0023] Further, inclined surfaces are provided at the edges of the upper and lower planes of the fitting ring to reduce the friction between the fitting ring and the extrusion frames.

[0024] Further, a second through hole is provided on the outside of the outer shell, and the expansion plate is in sealing cooperation with the adjacent second through hole.

[0025] Further, the extrusion frame is composed of a plurality of isosceles trapezoidal rods spliced together. The notches of adjacent isosceles trapezoidal rods face in opposite directions, and the notches of the isosceles trapezoidal rods at both ends of the extrusion frame both face the outer shell, so that the fitting ring drives the expansion plate to periodically seal the second through hole through the extrusion frame.

[0026] The beneficial effects are as follows: 1. By separating the sampling inner shell and the outer shell, water enters the bottom of the sampling inner shell to offset the negative pressure and dilute part of the sludge, reducing the resistance of the sludge layer on the outer shell, making it easier for the staff to pull out by combining with the shaking of the outer shell, and improving the efficiency and convenience of sludge sampling.

[0027] 2. The torsion accumulated by the second elastic member drives the sealing soft ring to twist, so that the sealing soft ring twists to seal the bottom of the sampling inner shell, avoiding the sampled sludge in the sampling inner shell from falling into the river channel under the influence of the water in the river when being extracted upward, resulting in the failure of sampling the sludge at the bottom of the river.

[0028] 3. By the periodic expansion of the expansion plate, a gap is formed between the outer shell and the sludge layer, reducing the contact area between the outer shell and the sludge layer. At the same time, the sludge layer is diluted to reduce the acting force of the sludge on the outer shell, thereby reducing the pulling resistance of the outer shell and improving the sampling efficiency of the sludge. Description of the Drawings

[0029] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the extrusion frame of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 is a three-dimensional structural sectional view of the sampling inner shell and the outer shell of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the first limiting shaft and the first elastic member of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the second limiting shaft and the third elastic member of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the extrusion frame of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the fitting ring and the extrusion frame of the present invention.

[0036] Names and serial numbers of components in the figure: 1 - driving device, 2 - inner sampling shell, 3 - outer shell, 4 - control shaft, 5 - fitting ring, 6 - insertion block, 7 - first through hole, 201 - first limiting shaft, 202 - first elastic member, 203 - pulling rope, 301 - second elastic member, 302 - sealing soft ring, 303 - second limiting shaft, 304 - third elastic member, 401 - extrusion frame, 402 - expansion plate, 403 - fourth elastic member, 404 - second through hole. Detailed implementation manner

[0037] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0038] During the existing river bottom sludge sampling process, the staff needs to lower the sampling cylinder to the bottom of the river channel, then insert it into the sludge layer to allow the sludge to enter the sampling cylinder to complete the sampling. However, when the sampling cylinder is pulled out, due to the seal formed between the sampling cylinder and the sludge layer, a negative pressure gap is generated between the sampling cylinder and the sludge layer. This not only increases the sludge resistance on the sampling cylinder but also generates a negative pressure extraction force, making it difficult for the staff to pull out the sampling cylinder, thereby consuming a large amount of time and effort.

[0039] A portable river bottom sludge sampling device for water environment treatment, as Figures 1 - 3 shown, includes: a driving device 1; an inner sampling shell 2, detachably and fixedly connected to the driving device 1, and the inner sampling shell 2 is used to store the sludge after sampling; an outer shell 3, arranged outside the inner sampling shell 2, and there is a gap between the outer shell 3 and the inner sampling shell 2, and the driving device 1 is detachably and fixedly connected with a control shaft 4; a fitting ring 5, arranged at the bottom of the inner sampling shell 2, and the fitting ring 5 fits with the outer shell 3 to seal the gap between the outer shell 3 and the inner sampling shell 2; a fixing component, arranged on the outer shell 3, used to fix the outer shell 3 and the inner sampling shell 2 into one body; the bottom of the outer shell 3 is provided with circumferentially distributed insertion blocks 6, and the edges of the insertion blocks 6 are all edge-treated to reduce the resistance of the outer shell 3 entering the sludge layer, and the top of the inner sampling shell 2 is provided with a first through hole 7, and the first through hole 7 is used to drain the water located inside the inner sampling shell 2.

[0040] In the above solution, a vibration motor is provided inside the driving device 1 to vibrate the sampling inner shell 2 and the outer shell 3, accelerating the speed of inserting the outer shell 3 into the sludge layer. The sampling inner shell 2 is threadedly connected to the bottom of the driving device 1 (not shown in the figure), which is convenient for disassembly and has a stable structure. After sampling, the sampling inner shell 2 can be quickly replaced to improve the sampling efficiency. The control shaft 4 is composed of several sections of threads spliced together and can be spliced according to different river depths, facilitating the operation of the device by the staff and improving the convenience of operation. In the initial state, the fitting ring 5 fits with the outer shell 3 to block the gap between the sampling inner shell 2 and the outer shell 3, preventing sludge from entering the gap between the sampling inner shell 2 and the outer shell 3 during sampling. And the top of the gap between the sampling inner shell 2 and the outer shell 3 communicates with the outside to allow water in the river to enter the gap between the two. The insertion blocks 6 circumferentially distributed at the bottom of the outer shell 3 are equally spaced to accelerate the speed of inserting the outer shell 3 into the sludge layer. The shape of the insertion block 6 is an isosceles triangular block with the apex angle facing downward, enabling the insertion block 6 to cut some sundries in the sludge layer, such as leaves and branches. The first through hole 7 is used to discharge the water in the sampling inner shell 2 when sampling sludge. By separating the sampling inner shell 2 and the outer shell 3, the water flows back to the bottom of the sampling inner shell 2 to offset the negative pressure and dilute part of the sludge, reducing the resistance of the outer shell in the sludge layer and making it easier for the staff to pull out the outer shell by shaking it, improving the efficiency and convenience of sludge sampling.

[0041] Specifically, as Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 4 shown, the fixing assembly includes: a first limiting shaft 201, slidably connected to the top of the outer shell 3. The first limiting shaft 201 is in limiting cooperation with the sampling inner shell 2. A first elastic member 202 is provided between the first limiting shaft 201 and the outer shell 3. The first limiting shaft 201 is fixedly connected to a pull rope 203.

[0042] In the above solution, a fitting hole is provided at the top of the inner shell 2 to insert the first limiting shaft 201 into the fitting hole of the sampling inner shell 2, fixing the sampling inner shell 2 and the outer shell 3 together to make the sampling inner shell 2 and the outer shell 3 sink synchronously. The first elastic member 202 is a tension spring, and the first elastic member 202 is used to drive the adjacent first limiting shaft 201 to reset.

[0043] When the staff needs to take samples of the river bottom sludge, the staff docks several control shafts 4 in sequence according to the depth of the river to be detected and installs them on the top of the driving device 1. Then the staff places this device in the river channel and gradually sinks it to the bottom of the river until the bottom of the outer shell 3 contacts the sludge at the bottom of the river channel. Then stop sinking. Then turn on the driving device 1 so that the driving device 1 drives the outer shell 3 to gradually insert into the sludge layer through the sampling inner shell 2. At this time, as the sampling inner shell 2 gradually penetrates into the sludge layer, the sludge will gradually enter the sampling inner shell 2, and at the same time, the water in the sampling inner shell 2 will drain out along the first through hole 7 at the top. In this way, until the sampling inner shell 2 penetrates into the sludge layer to the required depth, then turn off the driving device 1. At this time, the sampling of the sludge is completed.

[0044] After the sludge sampling is completed, at this time, the staff pulls the pull rope 203. The pull rope 203 is pulled by the tension to drive the first limiting shaft 201. The first limiting shaft 201 slides outwards along the sampling inner shell 2 and the outer shell 3. At the same time, the first elastic member 202 is stretched, so that the first limiting shaft 201 releases the limit on the sampling inner shell 2. Then the staff extracts the driving device 1 upwards through the control shaft 4, so that the driving device 1 drives the sampling inner shell 2 to move upwards synchronously. At this time, due to the resistance of the sludge layer, the outer shell 3 cannot move upwards. At this time, the sampling inner shell 2 drives the fitting ring 5 at the bottom to move upwards synchronously, so that the fitting ring 5 slides out of place with the outer shell 3, and then the two are separated. At this time, the water at the gap between the sampling inner shell 2 and the outer shell 3 enters the bottom of the sampling inner shell 2 to dilute the sludge at the bottom. In this way, until the sampling inner shell 2 drives the fitting ring 5 at the bottom to fit with the top of the outer shell 3. At this time, the inside of the outer shell 3 is filled with water and part of the sludge is diluted, reducing the resistance of the sludge layer to the outer shell 3, making it easier for the staff to pull out by combining with the shaking of the outer shell 3, greatly improving the sampling efficiency and convenience.

[0045] So until both the sampling inner shell 2 and the outer shell 3 are taken out to the river liquid level, then the staff removes the sampling inner shell 2, replaces it with a new sampling inner shell 2, and at the same time fixes the sampling inner shell 2 and the outer shell 3 together again, restoring to Figure 1 the state shown, and conducts the next sampling of the sludge layer and repeats the above steps.

[0046] In this embodiment, the connection relationship between the sampling inner shell 2 and the fitting ring 5 is a fixed connection, but this is only limited to this embodiment. In subsequent other embodiments, the connection relationship between the sampling inner shell 2 and the fitting ring 5 is a rotational connection. For specific details, refer to the specific description in the subsequent embodiments.

[0047] In a further embodiment, as Figure 3 and Figure 5As shown, it also includes: a sealing component, which is arranged at the bottom of the sampling inner shell 2 and is used to seal the sludge in the sampling inner shell 2. The sealing component includes: a second elastic member 301, which is arranged between the sampling inner shell 2 and the fitting ring 5, and the sampling inner shell 2 is rotatably connected to the fitting ring 5, and the second elastic member 301 is used to drive the fitting ring 5 to rotate; a sealing soft ring 302, which is fixedly connected between the sampling inner shell 2 and the fitting ring 5, and the sealing soft ring 302 is used to seal the sampling inner shell 2; a limiting component, which is arranged on the fitting ring 5 and is used to limit the rotation of the fitting ring 5.

[0048] In the above scheme, the second elastic member 301 is an elastic member with torsional elastic force such as a torsion spring and a clockwork spring, and the second elastic member 301 is in a power storage state in the initial state, which is used to drive the fitting ring 5 to rotate. The sealing soft ring 302 is a plastic product with high-strength flexibility and toughness. It can be changed into any shape under external force. By rotating the sealing soft ring 302 on one side of the fitting ring 5, the two ends of the sealing soft ring 302 are twisted, so that the middle part of the sealing soft ring 302 is twisted and entangled with each other by the torque, thereby sealing the sludge in the sampling inner shell 2, thereby preventing the sampled sludge in the sampling inner shell 2 from falling into the river channel due to the influence of the water in the river when it is extracted upward, resulting in the failure of sampling the sludge at the bottom of the river.

[0049] Specifically, Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the limiting assembly includes: a second limiting shaft 303 slidably connected to the fitting ring 5 , the second limiting shaft 303 and the housing 3 are limitedly matched, and a third elastic member 304 is arranged between the second limiting shaft 303 and the fitting ring 5 .

[0050] In the above scheme, the fitting ring 5 is provided with a notch connected to the second limit shaft 303, and the second limit shaft 303 has symmetrically distributed inclined surfaces, so that the second limit shaft 303 is separated from the notch of the fitting ring 5 by force to release the limit, and the third elastic member 304 is a spring, and the third elastic member 304 is used to drive the second limit shaft 303 to reset. By making the second limit shaft 303 located in the notch of the fitting ring 5, the fitting ring 5 is rotationally limited, so that the elastic force accumulated in the second elastic member 301 cannot be triggered during the sinking period.

[0051] After the sampling is completed, when the staff pulls the inner sampling shell 2 upward, the inner sampling shell 2 drives the fitting ring 5 to move upward synchronously. At this time, the fitting ring 5 drives the second limiting shafts 303 distributed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction to squeeze the outer shell 3, so that the second limiting shafts 303 slide along the fitting ring 5 under the extrusion force, and at the same time, the third elastic member 304 is compressed. When the second limiting shaft 303 is separated from the adjacent notch on the fitting ring 5, the second limiting shaft 303 releases the limit on the fitting ring 5, and the torsion accumulated by the second elastic member 301 begins to drive the fitting ring 5 to rotate. The rotation of the fitting ring 5 drives the sealing soft ring 302 to rotate synchronously, so that the middle part of the sealing soft ring 302 is twisted to block the bottom of the inner sampling shell 2, thereby preventing the sampled sludge in the inner sampling shell 2 from falling into the river channel under the influence of the water in the river when being extracted upward, resulting in the failure of sampling the sludge at the bottom of the river. In this way, until the inner sampling shell 2 and the outer shell 3 are both taken out to the river liquid level. When replacing the inner sampling shell 2, the staff fixes the inner sampling shell 2 and the outer shell 3 as a whole, twists and accumulates the elastic force of the second elastic member 301 at the same time, and at the same time makes the second limiting shaft 303 located in the adjacent notch on the fitting ring 5, and then conducts the next sampling and repeats the above steps.

[0052] In a further embodiment, as Figure 2 、 Figure 6 and Figure 7 shown, it further includes: an auxiliary separation component, which is arranged on the outer shell 3 and is used to assist the separation of the outer shell 3 from the sludge layer. The auxiliary separation component includes: a plurality of extrusion frames 401, which are slidably connected to the outer shell 3. A plurality of extrusion frames 401 are all in extrusion fit with the fitting ring 5. The extrusion frames 401 are located in the gap between the inner sampling shell 2 and the outer shell 3. The extrusion frames 401 are fixedly connected with expansion plates 402 located outside the outer shell 3. A fourth elastic member 403 is arranged between the extrusion frames 401 and the outer shell 3; inclined surfaces are arranged at the edges of the upper and lower planes of the fitting ring 5 to reduce the friction between the fitting ring 5 and the extrusion frames 401; a second through hole 404 is arranged outside the outer shell 3, and the expansion plates 402 are in sealing cooperation with the adjacent second through holes 404; the extrusion frames 401 are composed of a plurality of isosceles trapezoidal rods spliced together. The notches of adjacent isosceles trapezoidal rods face in opposite directions, and the notches of the isosceles trapezoidal rods at both ends of the extrusion frames 401 all face the outer shell 3, so that the fitting ring 5 can drive the expansion plates 402 to periodically block the second through holes 404 through the extrusion frames 401.

[0053] In the above solution, the extrusion frames 401 are circumferentially and equidistantly distributed inside the outer shell 3, which are used for the uniform expansion of the expansion plates 402 and extrude the outer sludge layer. The expansion plates 402 are arc-shaped plates, which are convenient for fitting with the outside of the outer shell 3. The fourth elastic member 403 is a spring, and the fourth elastic member 403 is used to drive the extrusion frame 401 to reset. The second through holes 404 are used to allow the water between the sampling inner shell 2 and the outer shell 3 to enter the sludge layer. The second through holes 404 are also circumferentially and equidistantly distributed. The isosceles trapezoidal rods of the extrusion frames 401 facing opposite directions are used to make the fitting ring 5, when moving upward, when the fitting ring 5 fits with the isosceles trapezoidal rod with the notch facing the outer shell 3, at this time the expansion plate 402 is separated from the outer wall of the outer shell 3, and when the fitting ring 5 fits with the isosceles trapezoidal rod with the notch facing the sampling inner shell 2, at this time the expansion plate 402 fits with the outer wall of the outer shell 3, that is, the second through holes 404 are periodically blocked. By the periodic expansion of the expansion plates 402, a gap is formed between the outer shell and the sludge layer, reducing the contact area between the outer shell 3 and the sludge layer, and at the same time diluting the sludge layer to reduce the acting force of the sludge on the outer shell 3, thereby reducing the pulling-out resistance of the outer shell 3 and improving the sampling efficiency of the sludge.

[0054] When the staff pulls the sampling inner shell 2 upward, the sampling inner shell 2 drives the fitting ring 5 to move upward synchronously. Thus, until the fitting ring 5 contacts the circumferentially distributed extrusion frames 401, and then the fitting ring 5 continues to move upward. At this time, the fitting ring 5 squeezes the circumferentially distributed extrusion frames 401, causing the extrusion frames 401 to slide along the outer shell 3 under the extrusion force, and at the same time the fourth elastic member 403 is compressed. At this time, the circumferentially distributed extrusion frames 401 respectively drive the adjacent expansion plates 402 to slide synchronously, making the circumferentially distributed expansion plates 402 expand outward, causing the expansion plates 402 to extrude the sludge layer of the outer shell 3, creating a gap between the outer shell 3 and the sludge layer, reducing the contact area between the outer shell 3 and the sludge layer, thereby reducing the pulling-out resistance of the outer shell 3 and improving the sampling efficiency of the sludge. At the same time, when the expansion plates 402 expand outward, the blocking of the adjacent second through holes 404 is released. At this time, the water in the gap between the sampling inner shell 2 and the outer shell 3 enters the gap between the outer shell 3 and the sludge layer along the second through holes 404, diluting the sludge with water, further reducing the pulling-out resistance of the outer shell 3 and improving the sampling efficiency of the sludge.

[0055] When the fitting ring 5 moves upward and fits with the isosceles trapezoidal rod with the notch facing the sampling inner shell 2, several fourth elastic members 403 are reset at this time, and drive all the expansion plates 402 to reset to block the adjacent second through holes 404. When resetting, the expansion plates 402 will squeeze the water remaining between the outer shell 3 and the expansion plates 402. The water is dispersed by the extrusion force, increasing the dilution area of the sludge layer, reducing the pulling resistance of the outer shell 3 again, and improving the sampling efficiency of the sludge. Thus, when the fitting ring 5 separates from the isosceles trapezoidal rod with the notch facing the sampling inner shell 2, the fourth elastic member 403 is compressed again, causing the expansion plates 402 to expand again. In this cycle, a gap is formed between the outer shell 3 and the sludge layer through the periodic expansion of the expansion plates 402, reducing the contact area between the outer shell 3 and the sludge layer. At the same time, the sludge layer is diluted to reduce the acting force of the sludge on the outer shell 3, thereby reducing the pulling resistance of the outer shell 3 and improving the sampling efficiency of the sludge.

[0056] So until the sampling inner shell 2 moves upward to the top of the outer shell 3. At this time, the circumferentially distributed fourth elastic members 403 are reset, and drive the expansion plates 402 to fit with the outer wall of the outer shell 3, facilitating the pulling out of the outer shell 3. So until both the sampling inner shell 2 and the outer shell 3 are taken out to the river liquid level. When the sampling inner shell 2 is replaced and the sludge is sampled again, repeat the above steps.

[0057] The above is only the preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution of the present invention and its inventive concept, makes equivalent replacements or changes, and should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A portable riverbed sludge sampling device for water environment management, Its characteristics include: A driving device (1); A sampling inner shell (2) is detachably fixedly connected to the driving device (1), and the sampling inner shell (2) is used to store the sampled sludge; The outer shell (3) is arranged outside the sampling inner shell (2), and a gap is left between the outer shell (3) and the sampling inner shell (2), and the driving device (1) is detachably fixedly connected to the control shaft (4); A fitting ring (5) is arranged at the bottom of the sampling inner shell (2), the fitting ring (5) is fitted with the outer shell (3) and is used to block the gap between the outer shell (3) and the sampling inner shell (2); A fixing assembly, arranged on the outer shell (3), and used to fix the outer shell (3) and the sampling inner shell (2) into one body; A plugging component is arranged at the bottom of the sampling inner shell (2) and is used to plug the sludge in the sampling inner shell (2). The plugging component comprises: A second elastic member (301) is disposed between the sampling inner shell (2) and the fitting ring (5); the sampling inner shell (2) and the fitting ring (5) are rotatably connected, and the second elastic member (301) is used to drive the fitting ring (5) to rotate; A plugging soft ring (302) is fixedly connected between the sampling inner shell (2) and the fitting ring (5), and the plugging soft ring (302) is used to plug the sampling inner shell (2); A limiting assembly, arranged on the fitting ring (5) and used for limiting the rotation of the fitting ring (5); The limiting assembly comprises: a second limiting shaft (303) slidably connected to the fitting ring (5); the second limiting shaft (303) and the housing (3) are limitedly matched; a third elastic member (304) is provided between the second limiting shaft (303) and the fitting ring (5).

2. A portable riverbed sludge sampling device for water environment management according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the outer shell (3) is provided with circumferentially distributed plug blocks (6), and the edges of the plug blocks (6) are all sharpened to reduce the resistance of the outer shell (3) entering the sludge layer.

3. A portable riverbed sludge sampling device for water environment management according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first through hole (7) is provided at the top of the sampling inner shell (2), and the first through hole (7) is used to discharge water in the sampling inner shell (2).

4. A portable riverbed sludge sampling device for water environment management according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fixing assembly comprises: A first limiting shaft (201) is slidably connected to the top of the outer shell (3); the first limiting shaft (201) is limitedly matched with the sampling inner shell (2); a first elastic member (202) is provided between the first limiting shaft (201) and the outer shell (3); and a pull rope (203) is fixedly connected to the first limiting shaft (201).

5. The portable riverbed sludge sampling device for water environment management according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Also included are: An auxiliary separation component is arranged on the outer shell (3), and is used to assist in separating the outer shell (3) from the sludge layer. The auxiliary separation component comprises: A plurality of extrusion racks (401) are slidably connected to the outer shell (3); the plurality of extrusion racks (401) are all extrusion-matched with the fitting ring (5); the extrusion racks (401) are located in a gap between the sampling inner shell (2) and the outer shell (3); the extrusion racks (401) are fixedly connected to an expansion plate (402) located outside the outer shell (3); and a fourth elastic member (403) is provided between the extrusion racks (401) and the outer shell (3).

6. A portable riverbed sludge sampling device for water environment management according to claim 5, characterized in that: Inclined surfaces are provided at the edges of the upper and lower planes of the fitting ring (5) to reduce the friction between the fitting ring (5) and the extrusion frame (401).

7. A portable riverbed sludge sampling device for water environment management according to claim 5, characterized in that: A second through hole (404) is provided on the outside of the housing (3), and the expansion plate (402) is sealed and matched with an adjacent second through hole (404).

8. A portable riverbed sludge sampling device for water environment management according to claim 7, characterized in that: The extrusion frame (401) is composed of a plurality of isosceles trapezoidal rods spliced ​​together, the notches of adjacent isosceles trapezoidal rods are oriented in opposite directions, and the notches of the isosceles trapezoidal rods at both ends of the extrusion frame (401) are oriented toward the outer shell (3), so that the fitting ring (5) drives the expansion plate (402) through the extrusion frame (401) to periodically block the second through hole (404).

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