Optical module, image display device and electronic equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses an optical module, an image display device and electronic equipment. The optical module comprises a substrate and a shading layer. The substrate is made of a light-transmitting material and comprises a first side and a second side which are opposite to each other. The light shielding layer is made of a light absorbing material, the light transmittance T1 of the light shielding layer is smaller than the light transmittance T0 of the substrate, the light shielding layer comprises a plurality of columnar light shielding parts, and each light shielding part extends from the first side of the substrate to the direction away from the second side of the substrate. According to the optical module, the image display device and the electronic equipment, due to the fact that the light transmittance T1 of the light shielding layer is smaller than the light transmittance T0 of the substrate, when large-angle ambient light enters the optical module, the light shielding layer can absorb the large-angle ambient light, the large-angle ambient light cannot be emitted from the second side of the substrate, and the light transmittance T1 of the light shielding layer is smaller than the light transmittance T0 of the substrate. Therefore, the display effect of the electronic equipment is improved, and fatigue of human eyes caused by the rainbow pattern phenomenon is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of imaging technology, and in particular to an optical module, an image display device and an electronic device. Background Art

[0002] With the development of intelligent technology, electronic devices that can realize more functions, such as wearable devices, are applied in more and more fields, and wearable devices are becoming more and more popular among users, bringing great convenience to users' lives and work. Specifically, the image display device of the wearable device can use an optical waveguide to transmit the light projected by the micro projector to the front of the wearable device, superimposing a virtual image on the real image in front of the human eye, that is, it has the function of augmented reality.

[0003] At present, the diffraction optical waveguide based on surface relief grating is one of the mainstream technologies. However, due to the large-angle incident light (sunlight or ambient stray light), the surface relief grating diffraction optical waveguide will cause the image display device based on the diffraction optical waveguide to produce high-angle bright lines or bright bands in the window, forming linear or halo-shaped color images, that is, producing rainbow patterns. The rainbow pattern phenomenon will greatly reduce the display effect when using wearable devices. If users use or wear them for a long time, the rainbow pattern phenomenon will cause eye fatigue. Summary of the invention

[0004] Embodiments of the present application provide an optical module, an image display device, and an electronic device.

[0005] The optical module of the embodiment of the present application includes a substrate and a light shielding layer. The substrate is made of a light-transmitting material, and the substrate includes a first side and a second side opposite to each other. The light shielding layer is made of a light-absorbing material, and the light transmittance T1 of the light shielding layer is less than the light transmittance T0 of the substrate. The light shielding layer includes a plurality of light shielding portions in a columnar shape, and each of the light shielding portions extends from the first side of the substrate to a direction away from the second side of the substrate.

[0006] The image display device of the embodiment of the present application includes an optical waveguide module, a light emitting module and an optical module. The optical waveguide module includes a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other. The light emitting module is used to emit a light signal toward the first surface, and the light signal enters the optical waveguide module from the first surface and is emitted from the first surface after being conducted by the optical waveguide module. The optical module is arranged on the side where the first surface is located, and the optical module is spaced from the first surface, and / or, the optical module is arranged on the side where the second surface is located, and the optical module is spaced from the second surface. The optical module includes a substrate and a light shielding layer. The substrate is made of a light-transmitting material, and the substrate includes a first side and a second side opposite to each other. The light shielding layer is made of a light-absorbing material, and the light transmittance T1 of the light shielding layer is less than the light transmittance T0 of the substrate. The light shielding layer includes a plurality of light shielding portions in the shape of a column, and each of the light shielding portions extends from the first side of the substrate to a direction away from the second side of the substrate.

[0007] The electronic device of the embodiment of the present application includes a main body and an image display device, and the image display device is installed on the main body. The image display device includes an optical waveguide module, a light emitting module and an optical module. The optical waveguide module includes a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other. The light emitting module is used to emit a light signal toward the first surface, and the light signal enters the optical waveguide module from the first surface and is emitted from the first surface after being transmitted by the optical waveguide module. The optical module is arranged on the side where the first surface is located, and the optical module is spaced from the first surface, and / or, the optical module is arranged on the side where the second surface is located, and the optical module is spaced from the second surface. The optical module includes a substrate and a light shielding layer. The substrate is made of a light-transmitting material, and the substrate includes a first side and a second side opposite to each other. The light shielding layer is made of a light-absorbing material, and the light transmittance T1 of the light shielding layer is less than the light transmittance T0 of the substrate. The light shielding layer includes a plurality of light shielding portions in a columnar shape, and each of the light shielding portions extends from the first side of the substrate to a direction away from the second side of the substrate.

[0008] The optical module, image display device and electronic device of the present application are provided with a shading layer including a plurality of shading parts on the first side of the substrate. Since the light transmittance T1 of the shading layer is less than the light transmittance T0 of the substrate, when ambient light at a large angle is incident on the optical module, the shading layer can absorb the ambient light at the angle, so that the ambient light at the large angle cannot be emitted from the second side of the substrate, and cannot react with the diffraction light waveguide to form a rainbow pattern phenomenon, thereby improving the display effect of the electronic device (such as a wearable device). When the user uses or wears the electronic device for a long time, the rainbow pattern phenomenon will not cause eye fatigue.

[0009] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be given in part in the description below, and in part will become apparent from the description below, or will be learned through the practice of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and easily understood from the following description of the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0011] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of an optical module according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0012] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of an optical module according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0013] Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of an optical module according to some other embodiments of the present application;

[0014] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of an optical module according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0015] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of an optical module according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0016] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of an optical module according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0017] Figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of an optical module according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0018] Figure 8 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of an optical module according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0019] Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of an optical module according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0020] Fig.10 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of an optical module according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0021] Fig.11 yes Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the planar structure of the optical module shown;

[0022] Fig.12 yes Fig.10 Transmittance diagram of the optical module shown;

[0023] Fig.13 yes Fig.10 The diffraction pattern of the optical module shown;

[0024] Fig.14 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of an optical module according to some other embodiments of the present application;

[0025] Fig.15 yes Fig.14 A schematic diagram of the planar structure of the optical module shown;

[0026] Fig.16 yes Fig.14 Transmittance diagram of the optical module shown;

[0027] Fig.17 yes Fig.14 The diffraction pattern of the optical module shown;

[0028] Fig.18 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of an image display device in some embodiments of the present application;

[0029] Fig.19 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of an image display device in some other embodiments of the present application;

[0030] Fig. 20 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device of certain embodiments of the present application.

[0031] Description of main component symbols:

[0032] Electronic device 1000, main body 200, image display device 100;

[0033] Optical module 10, substrate 11, first side 111, second side 113, light shielding layer 13, light shielding portion 131, primer 133, filling layer 15, anti-glare layer 17;

[0034] Optical waveguide module 30, first surface 31, second surface 33, coupling-in structure 35, coupling-out structure 37;

[0035] Frame glue 40;

[0036] Light emitting module 50. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The following is a further description of the embodiments of the present application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The same or similar reference numerals in the accompanying drawings represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions from beginning to end. In addition, the embodiments of the present application described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the embodiments of the present application, and cannot be understood as limiting the present application.

[0038] At present, the diffraction optical waveguide based on the surface relief grating is one of the mainstream technologies. However, the surface relief grating diffraction optical waveguide will cause the image display device based on the diffraction optical waveguide to produce high-angle bright lines or bright bands in the window due to the large-angle light (sunlight or ambient stray light) incident, forming a linear or halo-shaped color image, that is, a rainbow pattern phenomenon. The rainbow pattern phenomenon will greatly reduce the display effect when using the wearable device. If the user uses or wears it for a long time, the rainbow pattern phenomenon will cause eye fatigue and cause health problems. In order to suppress the rainbow pattern phenomenon, the present application provides an optical module ( Figures 1 to 11 , Fig.14 and Fig.15 As shown), image display device ( Fig.18 and Fig.19 ) and electronic device 100 ( Fig. 20 shown).

[0039] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 The optical module 10 of the embodiment of the present application includes a substrate 11 and a light shielding layer 13. The substrate 11 is made of a light-transmitting material, and includes a first side 111 and a second side 113 opposite to each other. The light shielding layer 13 is made of a light-absorbing material, and the light transmittance T1 of the light shielding layer 13 is less than the light transmittance T0 of the substrate 11. The light shielding layer 13 includes a plurality of columnar light shielding portions 131, and each light shielding portion 131 extends from the first side 111 of the substrate 11 to a direction away from the second side 113 of the substrate 11.

[0040] Wherein, the substrate 11 includes but is not limited to being made of glass or polyethylene terephthalate plastic (PET). "Light-transmitting material" refers to a material on which light is irradiated and can pass through it. The "light-transmitting material" has a light transmittance T0. It should be noted that since light is always lost during the transmission process, the light transmittance T0 of the "light-transmitting material" is generally not 100%. "Light-absorbing material" refers to a material that can absorb light. Generally, optically colored materials will absorb light of a specific wavelength, causing the material to appear as a certain color. In theory, pure black absorbs light of the entire spectrum of visible light. The "light-absorbing material" here refers to a material with color, that is, the "light-absorbing material" absorbs light of a wavelength corresponding to the color. In this application, the "light-absorbing material" is a black light-absorbing material.

[0041] In addition, the light shielding portion 131 is columnar, and the cross-sectional shape of the columnar light shielding portion 131 includes but is not limited to a triangle, an ellipse, a circle, a rectangle, a pentagon, a hexagon or other polygons. In some embodiments, a plurality of light shielding portions 131 are randomly distributed on the first side 111 of the substrate 11, such as Figure 2 or Fig.15As shown, in this case, in one example, at least some of the adjacent light shielding portions 131 are spaced apart; in another example, at least some of the adjacent light shielding portions 131 overlap. In other embodiments, a plurality of light shielding portions 131 are regularly distributed on the first side 111 of the substrate 11, such as Fig.11 As shown, specifically, the plurality of light shielding portions 131 may be distributed in an array on the first side 111 of the substrate 11 . More specifically, the plurality of light shielding portions 131 may be arranged in a matrix array or a ring array.

[0042] The optical module 10 of the present application is provided with a light shielding layer 13 including a plurality of light shielding portions 131 on the first side 111 of the substrate 11. Since the light transmittance T1 of the light shielding layer 13 is less than the light transmittance T0 of the substrate 11, when ambient light at a large angle is incident on the optical module 10, the light shielding layer 13 can absorb the ambient light at the angle, so that the ambient light at the large angle cannot be emitted from the second side 113 of the substrate 11, and cannot react with the diffraction light waveguide to form a rainbow pattern phenomenon, thereby improving the display effect of the electronic device 1000 (such as a wearable device). When a user uses or wears the electronic device 1000 ( Fig. 20 The rainbow pattern will not cause eye fatigue.

[0043] See also Figure 1 In some embodiments, the light shielding portion 131 satisfies: 20>h / d>0.1, where h is the height of the light shielding portion 131 and d is the width of the light shielding portion 131. The value of h / d can be at least one of 0.2, 0.7, 1.0, 2.0, 2.5, 3.2, 5.3, 6.4, 7.8, 9.0, 10.2, 11.3, 14.4, 15.8, 16.0, 17.2, 18.3, 19.0 or 19.9 or any value between any two of them. If h / d is less than 0.1, it indicates that the aspect ratio of the light shielding portion 131 is too small, the height of the light shielding portion 131 is much smaller than the width of the light shielding portion 131, and the ambient light at a large angle cannot be blocked by the light shielding portion 131; if h / d is greater than 20, it indicates that the aspect ratio of the light shielding portion 131 is too large, the height of the light shielding portion 131 is much larger than the width of the light shielding portion 131, and the ambient light at a normal angle may also be blocked by the light shielding portion 131, causing the electronic device 1000 to lose the augmented reality effect. Therefore, the light shielding portion 131 satisfies 20>h / d>0.1, which can ensure that the ambient light at a large angle can be blocked by the light shielding portion 131 on the one hand, and the ambient light at a normal angle can pass through on the other hand, ensuring the augmented reality effect of the electronic device 1000.

[0044] For details, please continue to see Figure 1In some embodiments, the shading portion 131 also satisfies: d<200μm. The value of d can be at least one of 1.2μm, 2.7μm, 5.0μm, 7.0μm, 10.5μm, 13.2μm, 25.3μm, 46.4μm, 47.8μm, 59.0μm, 70.2μm, 81.3μm, 94.4μm, 100.8μm, 116.0μm, 137.2μm, 158.3μm, 179.0μm, 189.9μm or 199.9μm or any value between any two. If d is greater than 200μm, it indicates that the width of the shading portion 131 is too large. Although it can well block ambient light at a large angle, ambient light at a normal angle may also be blocked by the shading portion 131, causing the electronic device 1000 to lose the effect of augmented reality. Therefore, the shading portion 131 satisfies d<200 μm, which can ensure that ambient light at a large angle can be blocked by the shading portion 131 on the one hand, and can ensure that ambient light at a normal angle can pass through on the other hand, thereby ensuring the augmented reality effect of the electronic device 1000.

[0045] See also Figure 3 Further, in some embodiments, the optical module 10 may further include a primer 133, the primer 133 is disposed on the first side 111 of the substrate 11, and each light shielding portion 131 extends from the primer 133 in a direction away from the second side 113 of the substrate 11. It should be noted that the primer 133 is usually a film structure that needs to be removed but cannot be completely removed when preparing the light shielding layer 13 due to the preparation process and preparation cost. Therefore, the material of the primer 133 is exactly the same as that of the light shielding layer 13. In this application, except for the primer 133, all data ranges of other components are applicable to both the optical module 10 with the primer 133 and the optical module 10 without the primer 133.

[0046] In some embodiments, the thickness t of the base glue 133 is in the range of [0μm, 10μm]. The value of t can be at least one of 0μm, 0.5μm, 1.5μm, 2.1μm, 2.8μm, 3.5μm, 5.6μm, 6.9μm, 7.8μm, 9.0μm or 10.0μm or any value between any two. If t is greater than 10.0μm, it indicates that the thickness of the base glue 133 is too thick, that is, the base glue 133 is not cleared to within the acceptable range, which may cause the ambient light at a normal angle to be blocked by the shading portion 131, causing the electronic device 1000 to lose the effect of augmented reality. Therefore, the thickness t of the base glue 133 is in the range of [0μm, 10μm]. On the one hand, it can ensure that the ambient light at a large angle can be blocked by the shading portion 131, and on the other hand, it can ensure that the ambient light at a normal angle passes through, ensuring the augmented reality effect of the electronic device 1000.

[0047] See also Figures 1 to 3 In some embodiments, the widths d of the plurality of light shielding portions 131 have a first random degree K d , the distance D between two adjacent light shielding portions 131 has a second random degree K D , the plurality of light shielding portions 131 are distributed on the substrate 11 and have a comprehensive randomness value K, and the comprehensive randomness value K satisfies the following relationship: K=K d *K D .

[0048] Among them, the first random degree K d It refers to the proportion of the number of light shielding portions 131 with different widths d in the total number of light shielding portions 131. For example, if K d =0, it means that the widths d of all the light shielding portions 131 are the same; for another example, if K d =50%, which means that the widths d of half of the light shielding portions 131 are different from each other, and the widths d of the other half of the light shielding portions 131 are the same; for example, if K d =30%, which means that the widths d of 1 / 3 of the light shielding portions 131 are different from each other, and the widths d of the other 2 / 3 of the light shielding portions 131 are the same. D It refers to the proportion of the number of different distance D values ​​in the total number of distance values. For example, if K D = 0, it means that all distance values ​​D are the same; for example, if K D = 50%, which means that half of the distance values ​​D are different from each other, and the other half of the distance values ​​D are the same. For example, if K D =20%, which means that 1 / 5 of the distance values ​​D are different from each other, and the other 4 / 5 of the distance values ​​D are the same.

[0049] The comprehensive randomness value K is equal to the first randomness value K d and the second random degree K D The comprehensive index used to measure the randomness of the shading part is related to the comprehensive randomness value K, which satisfies: K = K d *K D For example, if K d =0 or K D =0, then K = 0, which indicates that the plurality of light shielding portions 131 are not randomly distributed but regularly distributed. d =50% or K D=50%, then K=25%, at this time, it indicates that the comprehensive randomness of the multiple shading parts 131 is 25%. In the implementation mode of the present application, K>10%. For example, the value of K can be at least one of 11%, 15%, 17%, 29%, 35%, 41%, 55%, 77%, 80%, 85%, 91%, 95%, or 100%, or any value between any two. If K is less than 10%, it means that the comprehensive randomness of the multiple shading parts 131 is not high, that is, the multiple shading parts 131 are too regular. Although they can block ambient light at large angles to a large extent and suppress the rainbow pattern phenomenon, the optical module 10 has strong diffraction, and the diffraction will cause the optical module 10 to produce ghost images after being applied to wearable devices such as AR glasses, resulting in a significant decrease in the imaging quality of the AR glasses to the environment. Therefore, the comprehensive random degree of the shading portion 131 satisfies K>10%. On the one hand, it can ensure that the ambient light at a large angle can be blocked by the shading portion 131, suppressing the rainbow pattern phenomenon. On the other hand, it can ensure that there will be no abnormal diffraction in the optical module 10, avoiding the generation of ghost images and ensuring the imaging quality of the AR glasses to the environment.

[0050] For further information, see Figures 4 to 6 ,as well as Figures 7 to 9 In some embodiments, the optical module 10 further includes a filling layer 15 and an anti-glare layer 17. The filling layer 15 is located on the first side 111 of the substrate 11 and is filled between the plurality of shading portions 131. The light transmittance T2 of the filling layer 15 is greater than 80%. For example, the light transmittance T2 of the filling layer 15 is at least one of 81%, 85%, 87%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100%, or any value between any two of them. The provision of the filling layer 15 can facilitate the manufacture of the anti-glare layer 17. In addition, since the light transmittance T2 of the filling layer 15 is greater than 80%, it can ensure that ambient light can enter the interior of the optical module 10, especially ambient light incident at a normal angle can enter the subsequent optical waveguide module 30. In the present application, the material of the filling layer 15 is consistent with the material of the substrate 11, preferably T2≈T0. Of course, in other embodiments, the material of the filling layer 15 can also be other light-absorbing materials or colored materials, which are not limited here.

[0051] The anti-glare layer 17 is used to prevent glare caused by reflection at the interface between the optical module 10 and the air. The anti-glare layer 17 can be a coating layer or a coating. Specifically, the material of the anti-glare layer 17 includes but is not limited to magnesium fluoride, titanium oxide, lead sulfide, lead selenide, ceramic infrared light infrared anti-reflection film, and vinyl silsesquioxane hybrid film.

[0052] In some examples, the anti-glare layer 17 is disposed on the side of the filling layer 15 facing away from the substrate 11, such as Figure 4 and Figure 7As shown, at this time, the anti-glare layer 17 on the side of the filling layer 15 away from the substrate 11 can prevent the glare caused by the reflection of the optical module 10 at the interface between the light incident side and the air. In other examples, the anti-glare layer 17 is disposed on the second side 113 of the substrate 11, such as Figure 5 and Figure 8 As shown, at this time, the anti-glare layer 17 on the second side 113 of the substrate 11 can prevent the glare caused by the reflection of the optical module 10 at the interface between the light-emitting side and the air. Figure 6 and Fig. 9 As shown, there are two anti-glare layers 17, one anti-glare layer 17 is arranged on the side of the filling layer 15 away from the substrate 11, which can prevent the glare caused by the reflection of the optical module 10 on the light incident side and the air interface, and the other anti-glare layer 17 is arranged on the second side 113 of the substrate 11, which can prevent the glare caused by the reflection of the optical module 10 on the light exit side and the air interface. Figure 6 and Fig. 9 The optical module 10 shown has a better anti-glare effect.

[0053] The rainbow pattern suppression effect of the optical module 10 of the present application is described below through specific embodiments.

[0054] In some embodiments:

[0055] See also Figures 10 to 13 , are respectively a cross-sectional view, a top view, a transmittance diagram and a diffraction spectrum of the optical module 10 of this embodiment. Fig.12 The horizontal axis of the transmittance graph is the field of view angle, and the vertical axis is the light transmittance; Fig.13 The horizontal axis of the diffraction pattern is the reciprocal of the distance, and the vertical axis is the reciprocal of the distance, the unit is m -1 .

[0056] In the optical module 10 of this embodiment, the substrate 11 is made of glass or PET, and the light transmittance T0 of the substrate 11 is 95%. Fig.11 As shown in the top view, the plurality of light shielding portions 131 are regularly arranged on the substrate 11, that is, the comprehensive randomness K=0. The material of the light shielding layer 13 is a light absorbing material, the light transmittance of the light shielding layer 13 is T1=40%, the height of each light shielding portion 131 is h=85um, and the width of each light shielding portion 131 is 45um. Fig.12 It can be seen from the transmittance graph that the transmittance of ambient light at a large angle (incident angle), for example, the transmittance of ambient light between -160° and -80° (the angle between the normal line of the optical module 10) is basically 0. For another example, the transmittance of ambient light between 80° and 160° (the angle between the normal line of the optical module 10) is also basically 0, that is, ambient light at a large angle (incident angle) is effectively blocked by the optical module 10, thereby effectively suppressing the occurrence of rainbow pattern phenomenon. Fig.13 It can be seen from the diffraction pattern that although the rainbow pattern phenomenon is effectively suppressed, the optical module 10 has strong diffraction, which will cause ghosting when the optical module 10 is applied to wearable devices such as AR glasses, resulting in a significant decrease in the imaging quality of the AR glasses to the environment. Therefore, it is particularly important that the comprehensive randomness of the shading portion 131 satisfies K>10%.

[0057] In other embodiments:

[0058] See also Figures 14 to 17 , are respectively a cross-sectional view, a top view, a transmittance diagram and a diffraction spectrum of the optical module 10 of this embodiment. Fig.12 The horizontal axis of the transmittance graph is the field of view angle, and the vertical axis is the light transmittance; Fig.13 The horizontal axis of the diffraction pattern is the reciprocal of the distance, and the vertical axis is the reciprocal of the distance, the unit is m -1 .

[0059] In the optical module 10 of this embodiment, the substrate 11 is made of glass or PET, and the light transmittance T0 of the substrate 11 is 95%. Fig.11 As shown in the top view, the plurality of light shielding portions 131 are randomly arranged on the substrate 11, and the overall randomness K=45%. The material of the light shielding layer 13 is a light absorbing material, the light transmittance of the light shielding layer 13 is T1=40%, the height of each light shielding portion 131 is h=85um, and the width of each light shielding portion 131 is 45um. Fig.12 It can be seen from the transmittance graph that the transmittance of ambient light at a large angle (incident angle), for example, the transmittance of ambient light between -160° and -80° (the angle between the normal line of the optical module 10) is basically 0. For another example, the transmittance of ambient light between 80° and 160° (the angle between the normal line of the optical module 10) is also basically 0, that is, ambient light at a large angle (incident angle) is effectively blocked by the optical module 10, thereby effectively suppressing the occurrence of rainbow pattern phenomenon. Fig.13 It can be seen from the diffraction pattern that not only the rainbow pattern phenomenon is effectively suppressed, but also the diffraction of the optical module 10 of the second embodiment basically disappears, and basically no ghost images are generated, so the imaging quality of the AR glasses to the environment is guaranteed.

[0060] See also Fig.18 and Fig.19 The image display device 100 of the embodiment of the present application includes an optical waveguide module 30, a light emitting module 50 and an optical module 10 of any of the above embodiments. The optical waveguide module 30 includes a first surface 31 and a second surface 33 opposite to each other. The light emitting module 50 is used to emit a light signal toward the first surface 31, and the light signal enters the optical waveguide module 30 from the first surface 31 and is transmitted through the optical waveguide module 30 and then emitted from the first surface 31.

[0061] Among them, the optical waveguide module 30 includes a light-transmitting substrate with a high refractive index. The light beam is coupled into the image source (light-emitting module 50) from the side of the substrate through a specific structure (coupling structure 35, such as a coupling grating), propagates through total reflection in the substrate, is transmitted to a place close to the human eye, and then coupled out through a specific structure (coupling structure 37, such as a coupling grating), enters the human eye, and forms an image.

[0062] The image source, such as the light-emitting module 50 in the present application, can be various types of micro displays such as LCOS (liquid crystal on silicon), Micro-OLED, Micro-LED, or laser combined with micro-mirror scanning LBS. The substrate is usually made of glass or resin with a high refractive index, and glass is usually selected. Glass has a higher refractive index, good coating resistance, and can withstand various semiconductor etching processes. The high refractive index means that the total reflection angle is smaller, and more angles of light can be accommodated for transmission inside the optical waveguide module 30, which means that the field of view FOV will be larger. The function of the coupling structure 35 is to change the angle of the main light of the image source to obliquely enter the substrate to meet the total reflection condition; the function of the coupling structure 37 is to change the direction of the oblique light transmitted inside the substrate and emit it vertically to the human eye.

[0063] In an example, Fig.18 As shown, the optical module 10 is arranged on the side where the second surface 33 is located, and the optical module 10 is spaced from the second surface 33. Specifically, the optical module 10 is bonded to the side where the second surface 33 is located through a frame glue 40 (for example, made of optical glue OCA) or a polymer microcolumn. If the optical module 10 is not spaced from the first surface 31, that is, the optical module 10 is in direct contact with the second surface 33, the light propagated by total reflection in the substrate will not be totally reflected on the side of the substrate away from the coupling-in structure 35 or the coupling-out structure 37 (that is, the second surface 33), but a large amount of image light will enter the optical module 10 through this side, resulting in a large amount of image light being emitted from the optical module 10, affecting the display effect of the entire image display device 100. Therefore, the optical module 10 is spaced from the second surface 33 so that there is an air gap between the optical module 10 and the optical waveguide module 30. The existence of the air gap can destroy the direct emission of the image light, and can ensure that most of the image light entering from the coupling structure 35 avoids total reflection in the matrix and is finally emitted from the coupling structure 37 to the human eye.

[0064] In another example, Fig.19 As shown, the optical module 10 is disposed on the side where the first surface 31 is located, and the optical module 10 is spaced apart from the first surface 31. Specifically, the optical module 10 is bonded to the side where the second surface 33 is located by means of a sealant 40 (eg, optical adhesive OCA) or polymer microcolumns.

[0065] The image display device 100 of the present application is provided with an optical module 10. The optical module 10 is provided with a shading layer 13 including a plurality of shading parts 131 on the first side 111 of the substrate 11. Since the light transmittance T1 of the shading layer 13 is less than the light transmittance T0 of the substrate 11, when ambient light at a large angle is incident on the optical module 10, the shading layer 13 can absorb the ambient light at the angle, so that the ambient light at the large angle cannot be emitted from the second side 113 of the substrate 11, and cannot react with the diffraction light waveguide to form a rainbow pattern phenomenon, thereby improving the display effect of the electronic device 1000 (such as a wearable device). When the user uses or wears the electronic device 1000 for a long time, the rainbow pattern phenomenon will not cause human eye fatigue.

[0066] See also Fig. 20 The electronic device 1000 according to the embodiment of the present application includes a main body 200 and an image display device 100 according to any of the above embodiments, and the image display device 100 is installed in the main body 200 .

[0067] The electronic device 1000 may be a wearable device, including but not limited to smart glasses and smart helmets. This application only takes the electronic device 1000 as smart glasses as an example for explanation. The main body 200 is a frame of smart glasses. In one example, the image display device 100 may be installed on the lens.

[0068] Please combine Fig.18 and Fig.19 In the electronic device 1000 of the present application, the image display device 100 is provided with an optical module 10. The optical module 10 is provided with a shading layer 13 including a plurality of shading portions 131 on the first side 111 of the substrate 11. Since the light transmittance T1 of the shading layer 13 is less than the light transmittance T0 of the substrate 11, when ambient light at a large angle is incident on the optical module 10, the shading layer 13 can absorb the ambient light at the angle, so that the ambient light at the large angle cannot be emitted from the second side 113 of the substrate 11, and cannot react with the diffraction optical waveguide to form a rainbow pattern phenomenon, thereby improving the display effect of the electronic device 1000 (such as a wearable device). When the user uses or wears the electronic device 1000 for a long time, the rainbow pattern phenomenon will not cause eye fatigue.

[0069] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0070] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and cannot be understood as limitations on the present application. Ordinary technicians in this field can change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present application. The scope of the present application is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An optical module, characterized in that: include: A substrate, the substrate is made of a light-transmitting material, and the substrate comprises a first side and a second side opposite to each other; and The light shielding layer is made of a light absorbing material, the light transmittance T1 of the light shielding layer is less than the light transmittance T0 of the substrate, and the light shielding layer includes a plurality of columnar light shielding portions, each of which extends from a first side of the substrate toward a direction away from a second side of the substrate.

2. The optical module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The substrate is made of glass or polyethylene terephthalate plastic.

3. The optical module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light-shielding layer is made of light-absorbing material.

4. The optical module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shading portion satisfies: 20>h / d>0.1, wherein h is the height of the shading portion, and d is the width of the shading portion.

5. The optical module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light shielding portion satisfies: d<200 μm, wherein d is the width of the light shielding portion.

6. The optical module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optical module also includes: The base glue is arranged on the first side of the substrate, each of the light shielding portions extends from the base glue in a direction away from the second side of the substrate, and the thickness t of the base glue has a value range of [0 μm, 10 μm].

7. The optical module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The widths d of the plurality of light shielding portions have a first random degree K d , the distance D between two adjacent shading portions has a second random degree K D , a plurality of the shading portions are distributed on the substrate and have a comprehensive randomness value K, and the comprehensive randomness value K satisfies the following relationship: K=K d *K D ; Wherein, the first random degree K d refers to the proportion of the number of the shading parts with different widths d in the total number of the shading parts, and the second random degree K D It refers to the proportion of the number of different values ​​in multiple distances D in the total number of distances. The comprehensive random degree value K is related to the first random degree K d And the second random degree K D A related comprehensive index for measuring the randomness of the shading portion.

8. The optical module according to claim 7, characterized in that: The product of the proportion of the number of the shading portions with different widths d in the total number of the shading portions and the proportion of the number of the distances D with different values ​​in the total number of distances is greater than 10%.

9. The optical module according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The optical module also includes: A filling layer, the filling layer is located on the first side of the substrate and filled between the plurality of light shielding portions, and the light transmittance T2 of the filling layer is greater than 80%; and An anti-glare layer is disposed on a side of the filling layer away from the substrate, and / or the anti-glare layer is disposed on a second side of the substrate, and the anti-glare layer is used to prevent glare caused by reflection at the interface between the optical module and air.

10. An image display device, characterized in that: include: An optical waveguide module, the optical waveguide module comprising a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other; A light emitting module, the light emitting module is used to emit a light signal toward the first surface, the light signal enters the optical waveguide module from the first surface and is transmitted by the optical waveguide module and then emitted from the first surface; and The optical module described in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the optical module is arranged on the side where the first surface is located, and the optical module is spaced from the first surface, and / or the optical module is arranged on the side where the second surface is located, and the optical module is spaced from the second surface.

11. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: main body; and The image display device according to claim 10, wherein the image display device is mounted on the main body.

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