Alarm device and alarm method for bridge support displacement overrun and support disengagement

Abstract

The invention provides an alarm device and an alarm method for bridge support displacement overrun and support disengagement, and the alarm device comprises an upper support plate, a stainless steel plate, a plane sliding plate, a middle steel lining plate and a lower support plate which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the top of the second-level alarm piece is provided with a first-level alarm piece through a first spring, the bottom of the first-level alarm piece is provided with a pressing block, the top of the lower support plate is symmetrically provided with mounting frames, one side of each mounting frame is slidably provided with a sliding block connected with the first-level alarm piece, and the top of each mounting frame is provided with a pressing assembly used for triggering the first-level alarm piece in a penetrating mode; when the bridge support displacement over-limit alarm device is used, automatic grading alarm can be achieved according to the severity degree of displacement over-limit or disengaging when displacement over-limit or disengaging happens to the bridge support, workers are reminded to take corresponding grades of maintenance measures, the workers do not need to regularly maintain the transmission assembly and the pressure applying assembly, and the labor cost is saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of bridge monitoring, in particular to an alarm device and an alarm method for bridge support displacement exceeding limit and support falling off. Background Art

[0002] Bridge bearings are important components that connect the bridge superstructure (such as bridge decks, beams, etc.) and the substructure (such as bridge piers, abutments, etc.). Their main function is to transfer the load of the superstructure to the substructure and adapt to various deformations, such as expansion and contraction caused by temperature changes, displacement caused by wind loads or earthquake loads, etc. When problems occur in bridge bearings, a series of safety hazards may occur;

[0003] Bridge bearing displacement exceeds the limit, which means that the displacement of bridge bearings exceeds the design allowable range during use. When the bearing displacement exceeds the limit, the stress state of the bridge will be changed, and the originally designed load transfer path will be disrupted, which may cause the beam body, piers and other parts to bear excessive stress, thereby causing cracks, deformation and even damage. The bearing displacement exceeds the limit, which may cause the bridge deck to be uneven, and vehicles will experience bumps and shakes when driving, increasing driving risks. Especially when driving at high speeds, this instability may cause the vehicle to lose control;

[0004] Among all the potential safety hazards, the probability of failure caused by the loss of bridge bearings is the highest. When a bearing is lost, part of the load originally borne by the bearing will be transferred to other parts, resulting in changes in the structural stress. This may cause excessive stress on adjacent bearings, beams, piers and other parts, which will accelerate the damage of various parts of the bridge. For example, cracks may appear in the beam due to excessive local stress, and the piers may sink or tilt due to the additional load.

[0005] At present, there are two main methods for early warning monitoring of bridge bearing displacement exceeding the limit and bearing loss. One is to use displacement sensors for monitoring. However, displacement sensors, which are highly precise instruments, are easily damaged and exposed to the outdoor environment for a long time. The sensors may fail due to aging, wear or external interference. At the same time, the sensors need to be inspected and maintained regularly, and the maintenance cost is relatively high. Especially in high altitude or remote areas, the maintenance difficulty and cost are higher, which is inconvenient.

[0006] Another more traditional method is regular manual inspection, which also has the problem of high labor costs and transportation costs. The inspection results may be affected by the experience and technical level of the inspectors. Different people may have different judgments. Manual inspection usually takes a lot of time and manpower, especially on large bridges or bridges with complex structures, which is inefficient. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an alarm device and an alarm method for bridge bearing displacement exceeding limit and bearing separation, aiming to solve the problem that the early warning monitoring method of bridge bearing displacement exceeding limit and bearing separation in the prior art is relatively inconvenient.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: an alarm device for over-limit displacement and emptying of bridge bearings, comprising an upper bearing plate, a stainless steel plate, a flat slide plate, an intermediate steel lining plate and a lower bearing plate arranged in sequence from top to bottom, a secondary alarm component is symmetrically arranged on the top of the lower bearing plate, a primary alarm component is arranged on the top of the secondary alarm component through a first spring, a pressure block is arranged on the bottom of the primary alarm component, a mounting frame is symmetrically arranged on the top of the lower bearing plate, a slider connected to the primary alarm component is slidably arranged on one side of the mounting frame, and a pressure component for triggering the primary alarm component is penetrated on the top of the mounting frame;

[0009] A lower inclined block is arranged on the top of the pressure assembly, and an upper inclined block for driving the lower inclined block to move downward is symmetrically arranged on the bottom of the upper support plate;

[0010] Support seats are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the top of the lower support plate. A transmission assembly for detecting whether the support is empty is rotatably arranged on the top of the support seat. One end of the transmission assembly is connected to the bottom of the upper support plate, and the other end of the transmission assembly is connected to the pressure assembly.

[0011] Preferably, the pressure assembly includes a column, a limiting ring and a return spring, the column passes through the top of the mounting frame and is slidably connected to the mounting frame, the limiting ring is fixedly set on the column, the return spring is set at the bottom of the limiting ring, and the bottom end of the return spring is fixedly connected to the mounting frame.

[0012] Preferably, a sliding piece is slidably provided on the outside of the column, and a gasket for limiting the sliding piece is provided at the bottom end of the column.

[0013] Preferably, the transmission assembly is a cross bar rotatably arranged on the top of the support seat, a telescopic column is passed through one end of the cross bar, a transmission rod is arranged at one end of the telescopic column, a second spring is arranged between the transmission rod and the cross bar, and the transmission rod is rotatably connected to the sliding member, and a vertical rod is hinged at the other end of the cross bar, and the top of the vertical rod is slidably connected to the bottom of the upper support plate through the sliding assembly.

[0014] Preferably, the sliding assembly includes a sliding groove and a sliding block, the sliding groove is symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the upper support plate, the sliding block is inserted into the sliding groove, and the bottom of the sliding block is connected to the top of the vertical rod.

[0015] Preferably, the primary alarm component and the secondary alarm component are connected to an electronic alarm via wires.

[0016] Preferably, a primary alarm unit and a secondary alarm unit are provided inside the electronic alarm, the primary alarm unit is electrically connected to the primary alarm component via a wire, and the secondary alarm unit is electrically connected to the secondary alarm component via a wire.

[0017] Preferably, a battery is provided inside the electronic alarm and the battery is connected to a solar panel via a photovoltaic charging controller.

[0018] A bridge support displacement exceeding limit and support emptying alarm method, comprising the following steps:

[0019] Step 1: During the operation of the bridge, when the relative displacement between the upper bearing plate and the lower bearing plate in the bearing exceeds the specified distance, the upper inclined block will squeeze the lower inclined block to move downward, and the downward movement of the lower inclined block will cause the pressure component to contact the first-level alarm component. At this time, the electronic alarm will send out a first-level alarm signal, suggesting that the staff perform maintenance on the bridge bearing;

[0020] Step 2: As the relative displacement distance between the upper bearing plate and the lower bearing plate increases, the upper inclined block continues to squeeze the lower inclined block to move downward. At this time, the pressure component pushes the first-level alarm component downward, and the downward movement of the first-level alarm component drives the pressure block to contact the second-level alarm component. At this time, the electronic alarm sends a second-level alarm signal to remind the staff to immediately maintain the bridge bearing;

[0021] Step 3: During the operation of the bridge bearing, when the distance between the upper bearing plate and the lower bearing plate moves away from each other, causing the bridge bearing to be emptied, the transmission component uses the lever principle to drive the pressure component to move downward and contact the first-level alarm component. At this time, the electronic alarm sends a first-level alarm signal, suggesting that the staff perform maintenance on the bridge bearing;

[0022] Step 4: As the bridge bearing becomes more seriously de-aired, the transmission assembly continues to drive the pressure assembly downward. At this time, the pressure assembly pushes the first-level alarm component downward, and the downward movement of the first-level alarm component drives the pressure block to contact the second-level alarm component. At this time, the electronic alarm sends a second-level alarm signal, reminding the staff to immediately maintain the bridge bearing.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0024] 1. When the present invention is in use, when the displacement of the bridge bearing exceeds the limit or is emptied, it can realize automatic graded alarm according to the severity of the displacement exceeding the limit or being emptied, so as to remind the staff to take corresponding grade maintenance measures, and the staff does not need to regularly maintain the transmission assembly and the pressure assembly, thus saving labor costs;

[0025] 2. When the present invention is in use, through the settings in the sliding block and the sliding groove, when the column moves down due to excessive displacement, the sliding design of the sliding block prevents the column from being displaced due to excessive displacement, so that the transmission component for detecting the clearance can adapt to the deformation when the bridge support is displaced beyond the limit, thereby improving the compatibility of the transmission component with the bridge support when the displacement exceeds the limit in the entire monitoring work. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 It is a state schematic diagram of the bridge support displacement exceeding the limit triggering the first-level alarm of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 It is a state schematic diagram of the bridge support displacement exceeding the limit triggering the secondary alarm component of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the state of the bridge support of the present invention being emptied and triggering a first-level alarm.

[0030] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the state of the bridge support of the present invention being emptied and triggering a secondary alarm.

[0031] Figure 6 The present invention Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle.

[0032] Figure 7 The present invention Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure at point B in the middle.

[0033] Figure 8 The utility model is a circuit principle diagram of the electronic alarm of the present invention.

[0034] In the figure: 1. upper support plate; 2. stainless steel plate; 3. flat slide plate; 4. middle steel lining plate; 5. lower support plate; 6. mounting frame; 7. primary alarm; 8. secondary alarm; 9. first spring; 10. pressure block; 11. column; 12. lower inclined block; 13. upper inclined block; 14. limiting ring; 15. reset spring; 16. gasket; 17. sliding member; 18. support seat; 19. cross bar; 20. telescopic column; 21. transmission rod; 24. slide groove; 25. sliding block; 26. column; 27. slider; 28. second spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The specific implementation of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0036] Embodiment 1: This embodiment provides an alarm device for bridge bearing displacement exceeding limit and bearing vacancy. Figures 1 to 8As shown, it includes an upper support plate 1, a stainless steel plate 2, a flat slide plate 3, an intermediate steel lining plate 4 and a lower support plate 5 which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom, a secondary alarm component 8 is symmetrically arranged on the top of the lower support plate 5, a primary alarm component 7 is arranged on the top of the secondary alarm component 8 through a first spring 9, a pressure block 10 is arranged at the bottom of the primary alarm component 7, a mounting frame 6 is symmetrically arranged on the top of the lower support plate 5, a slider 27 connected to the primary alarm component 7 is slidably arranged on one side of the mounting frame 6, a pressure component for triggering the primary alarm component 7 is penetrated on the top of the mounting frame 6; a lower inclined block 12 is arranged on the top of the pressure component, and an upper inclined block 13 for driving the lower inclined block 12 to move downward is symmetrically arranged on the bottom of the upper support plate 1; support seats 18 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the top of the lower support plate 5, and a transmission component for detecting the support being empty is rotatably arranged on the top of the support seat 18, one end of the transmission component is connected to the bottom of the upper support plate 1, and the other end of the transmission component is connected to the pressure component.

[0037] In the specific operation of this embodiment, the process is as follows:

[0038] When the bridge bearing is displaced, the inclined surface of the upper inclined block 13 will contact the inclined surface of the lower inclined block 12 as the degree of displacement increases, and the lower inclined block 12 will be squeezed as the bridge bearing moves, so that the lower inclined block 12 moves downward, and the downward movement of the lower inclined block 12 drives the pressure component downward. As the severity of the bearing displacement exceeds the limit, the downward movement of the pressure component by the lower inclined block 12 is different. When the displacement exceeds the limit and reaches the condition for triggering the first-level alarm 7, the downward movement of the lower inclined block 12 drives the pressure component downward and triggers the first-level alarm 7. At this time, the electronic alarm sends a first-level alarm signal to remind the staff to maintain the bridge bearing.

[0039] When the displacement of the bearing exceeds the limit and reaches the condition of triggering the secondary alarm 8, the lower inclined block 12 continues to drive the pressure assembly downward, and the downward movement of the pressure assembly drives the primary alarm 7 and the pressure block 10 downward until the pressure block 10 contacts the secondary alarm 8, and the secondary alarm 8 is triggered. At this time, the electronic alarm sends a secondary alarm signal to remind the staff to urgently maintain the bridge bearing;

[0040] When the bearing is empty, the distance between the upper bearing plate 1 and the lower bearing plate 5 will be expanded accordingly. At this time, the transmission component, under the action of the support seat 18, uses the lever to move away from the pressure component and move it downward. The greater the degree of emptying between the bearings, the higher the degree of downward movement of the pressure component. When the pressure component moves downward and contacts the first-level alarm element 7, the electronic alarm sends a first-level alarm signal to remind the staff to maintain the bridge bearing.

[0041] When the bridge bearing is emptied and reaches the condition to trigger the secondary alarm piece 8, the pressure assembly drives the primary alarm piece 7 and the pressure block 10 to move downward until the pressure block 10 contacts the secondary alarm piece 8, and the secondary alarm piece 8 is triggered. At this time, the electronic alarm sends a secondary alarm signal to remind the staff to immediately maintain the bridge bearing.

[0042] Embodiment 2, on the basis of embodiment 1, as Figure 2 and Figure 6 As shown, the pressure assembly includes a column 11, a limiting ring 14 and a return spring 15. The column 11 passes through the top of the mounting frame 6 and is slidably connected to the mounting frame 6. The limiting ring 14 is fixedly arranged on the column 11. The return spring 15 is arranged at the bottom of the limiting ring 14, and the bottom end of the return spring 15 is fixedly connected to the mounting frame 6. The process is as follows:

[0043] The setting of the return spring 15 and the limit ring 14 keeps the bottom end of the column 11 away from the first alarm component 7, and at the same time makes the inclined surface of the lower inclined block 12 contact the inclined surface of the upper inclined block 13, so that the upper inclined block 13 can easily squeeze the lower inclined block 12 to move downward, and then when the bridge support is displaced, the column 11 can move downward according to the degree of displacement and trigger the first-level alarm component 7 and the second-level alarm component 8 in turn.

[0044] Embodiment 3, on the basis of embodiment 2, as Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, a sliding member 17 is provided on the outside of the column 11, and a gasket 16 for limiting the position of the sliding member 17 is provided at the bottom end of the column 11; the transmission assembly is a cross bar 19 rotatably provided on the top of the support seat 18, and a telescopic column 20 is penetrated at one end of the cross bar 19, and a transmission rod 21 is provided at one end of the telescopic column 20, and a second spring 28 is provided between the transmission rod 21 and the cross bar 19, and the transmission rod 21 is rotatably connected to the sliding member 17, and a vertical rod 26 is hinged at the other end of the cross bar 19, and the top of the vertical rod 26 is slidably connected to the bottom of the upper support plate 1 through the sliding assembly; the sliding assembly includes a slide groove 24 and a sliding block 25, the slide groove 24 is symmetrically provided at the bottom of the upper support plate 1, the sliding block 25 is penetrated in the slide groove 24, and the bottom of the sliding block 25 is connected to the top of the vertical rod 26, and the process is as follows:

[0045] When the transmission assembly rotates, the end of the transmission assembly close to the column 11 will have an arc-shaped motion trajectory, which causes the distance between the end of the transmission assembly close to the column 11 and the column 11 to change with the running trajectory during operation (the above is referred to as the arc-shaped motion trajectory principle in this article), and the column 11 is always in a vertical state and cannot be tilted. For this reason, the structure of the telescopic column 20, the second spring 28 and the sliding member 17 is designed to make up for the problem that the distance between the end of the transmission assembly close to the column 11 and the column 11 changes with the running trajectory during operation, resulting in the inability to normally drive the column 11 to make vertical motion, so that the transmission assembly can drive the column 11 to make vertical motion during operation;

[0046] When the bridge support is emptied, the upper support plate 1 and the lower support plate 5 will move away from each other. At this time, the slide groove 24 and the sliding block 25 at the bottom of the upper support plate 1 will pull the upright rod 26 upward, and the upward movement of the upright rod 26 drives the cross bar 19 to rotate relative to the support seat 18. At this time, one end of the cross bar 19 drags the sliding member 17 downward through the telescopic column 20 and the transmission rod 21. When the sliding member 17 moves down to contact with the gasket 16, it continues to move downward and pushes the column 11 downward through the gasket 16. When the column 11 moves down to its bottom end and contacts the first alarm member 7, the electronic alarm sends a first-level alarm signal to remind the staff to maintain the bridge support. When the emptied phenomenon continues to be serious, the transmission assembly drives the column 11 to continue to move downward. When the column 11 moves downward, drives the pressure block 10 to move downward and makes the pressure block 10 contact the second-level alarm member 8, the electronic alarm sends a second-level alarm signal to remind the staff to immediately maintain the bridge support.

[0047] Another embodiment of the embodiment is that when the bridge bearing produces an excessive displacement phenomenon, the sliding block 25 will slide in the sliding groove 24. At this time, the vertical rod 26 will not rotate following the excessive displacement phenomenon, and when the column 11 moves down due to the excessive displacement, the sliding design of the sliding member 17 prevents the vertical rod 26 from moving due to the excessive displacement, so that the transmission component for detecting the clearance can adapt to the deformation of the bridge bearing when the displacement exceeds the limit, thereby improving the compatibility of the transmission component with the bridge bearing when the displacement exceeds the limit in the entire monitoring work.

[0048] Specifically, the first-level alarm component 7 and the second-level alarm component 8 are connected to an electronic alarm through wires. An Internet of Things card is provided inside the electronic alarm for remotely sending an alarm signal. At the same time, the first-level alarm component 7 and the second-level alarm component 8 are both switch buttons.

[0049] like Figure 8 As shown, the electronic alarm is internally provided with a primary alarm unit and a secondary alarm unit. The primary alarm unit is electrically connected to the primary alarm element 7 through a wire, and the secondary alarm unit is electrically connected to the secondary alarm element 8 through a wire.

[0050] Specifically, a storage battery is arranged inside the electronic alarm, and the storage battery is connected to a solar panel via a photovoltaic charging controller.

[0051] Working principle: When the bridge bearing is displaced, the inclined surface of the upper inclined block 13 will contact the inclined surface of the lower inclined block 12 as the degree of displacement increases, and the lower inclined block 12 will be squeezed as the bridge bearing moves, so that the lower inclined block 12 moves downward, and the downward movement of the lower inclined block 12 drives the column 11 downward. As the severity of the bearing displacement exceeds the limit, the amplitude of the downward movement of the column 11 driven by the lower inclined block 12 is also different. When the displacement exceeds the limit and reaches the condition of triggering the first-level alarm 7, the lower inclined block 12 moves downward, drives the column 11 downward and triggers the first-level alarm 7. At this time, the electronic alarm sends a first-level alarm signal to remind the staff to maintain the bridge bearing. When the displacement of the bearing exceeds the limit and reaches the condition of triggering the secondary alarm 8, the lower inclined block 12 continues to drive the column 11 downward, and the downward movement of the column 11 drives the primary alarm 7 and the pressure block 10 downward until the pressure block 10 contacts the secondary alarm 8 and the secondary alarm 8 is triggered. At this time, the electronic alarm sends out a secondary alarm signal to remind the staff to maintain the bridge bearing urgently; when the bearing is empty, the distance between the upper bearing plate 1 and the lower bearing plate 5 will increase accordingly, and the upper bearing plate 1 and the lower bearing plate 5 will move away from each other. At this time, the slide groove 24 and the sliding block 25 at the bottom of the upper bearing plate 1 will pull the upright 26 upward, and the upper bearing plate 1 and the lower bearing plate 5 will move away from each other, at this time, the slide groove 24 and the sliding block 25 at the bottom of the upper support plate 1 will pull the upright rod 26 to move upward, and the upward movement of the upright rod 26 drives the cross bar 19 to rotate relative to the support seat 18. At this time, one end of the cross bar 19 drags the sliding member 17 downward through the telescopic column 20 and the transmission rod 21. When the sliding member 17 moves down to contact with the gasket 16, it continues to move downward and pushes the column 11 downward through the gasket 16. When the column 11 moves down to its bottom end and contacts the first alarm member 7, the electronic alarm sends a first-level alarm signal to remind the staff to maintain the bridge support. When the emptying phenomenon continues to be serious, the transmission component drives the column 11 to continue to move downward, and the column 1 When the pressure block 10 moves downward and contacts the secondary alarm element 8, the electronic alarm sends out a secondary alarm signal to remind the staff to immediately maintain the bridge bearing; when the bridge bearing has an excessive displacement phenomenon, the sliding block 25 will slide in the slide groove 24, and the vertical rod 26 will not rotate with the excessive displacement phenomenon, and when the column 11 moves downward due to the excessive displacement, the sliding design of the sliding element 17 prevents the vertical rod 26 from moving due to the excessive displacement, so that the transmission component for detecting the evacuation can adapt to the deformation of the bridge bearing when the displacement exceeds the limit, thereby improving the compatibility of the transmission component with the excessive displacement of the bridge bearing in the entire monitoring work.

[0052] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the invention. Any reference numeral in a claim should not be considered as limiting the claim to which it relates.

[0053] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. An alarm device for bridge bearing displacement exceeding limit and bearing evacuation, comprising: An upper support plate (1), a stainless steel plate (2), a flat slide plate (3), an intermediate steel lining plate (4) and a lower support plate (5) are arranged in sequence from top to bottom, characterized in that a secondary alarm component (8) is symmetrically arranged on the top of the lower support plate (5), a primary alarm component (7) is arranged on the top of the secondary alarm component (8) through a first spring (9), a pressure block (10) is arranged on the bottom of the primary alarm component (7), a mounting frame (6) is symmetrically arranged on the top of the lower support plate (5), a slider (27) connected to the primary alarm component (7) is slidably arranged on one side of the mounting frame (6), and a pressure component for triggering the primary alarm component (7) is penetrated on the top of the mounting frame (6); A lower inclined block (12) is arranged at the top of the pressure-applying assembly, and an upper inclined block (13) for driving the lower inclined block (12) to move downward is symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the upper support plate (1); Support seats (18) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the top of the lower support plate (5), and a transmission component for detecting whether the support is empty is rotatably arranged on the top of the support seat (18), one end of the transmission component is connected to the bottom of the upper support plate (1), and the other end of the transmission component is connected to the pressure component.

2. The alarm device for bridge bearing displacement exceeding limit and bearing vacancy according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The pressure-applying assembly comprises a column (11), a limiting ring (14) and a return spring (15); the column (11) passes through the top of the mounting frame (6) and is slidably connected to the mounting frame (6); the limiting ring (14) is fixedly arranged on the column (11); the return spring (15) is arranged at the bottom of the limiting ring (14); and the bottom end of the return spring (15) is fixedly connected to the mounting frame (6).

3. The alarm device for bridge bearing displacement exceeding limit and bearing vacancy according to claim 2 is characterized in that: A sliding member (17) is slidably arranged outside the column (11), and a gasket (16) for limiting the position of the sliding member (17) is arranged at the bottom end of the column (11).

4. The alarm device for bridge bearing displacement exceeding limit and bearing vacancy according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The transmission assembly is a cross bar (19) rotatably arranged on the top of the support seat (18), one end of the cross bar (19) is penetrated by a telescopic column (20), one end of the telescopic column (20) is provided with a transmission rod (21), a second spring (28) is provided between the transmission rod (21) and the cross bar (19), and the transmission rod (21) is rotatably connected to the sliding member (17), the other end of the cross bar (19) is hinged with a vertical rod (26), and the top end of the vertical rod (26) is slidably connected to the bottom of the upper support plate (1) through the sliding assembly.

5. According to the alarm device for bridge bearing displacement exceeding limit and bearing disengagement as described in claim 4, the sliding assembly comprises a slide groove (24) and a sliding block (25), the slide groove (24) is symmetrically arranged at the bottom of the upper bearing plate (1), the sliding block (25) is inserted into the slide groove (24), and the bottom of the sliding block (25) is connected to the top of the vertical pole (26).

6. The alarm device for bridge bearing displacement exceeding limit and bearing vacancy according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The primary alarm component (7) and the secondary alarm component (8) are connected to an electronic alarm via wires.

7. The alarm device for bridge bearing displacement exceeding limit and bearing vacancy according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The electronic alarm is internally provided with a primary alarm unit and a secondary alarm unit. The primary alarm unit is electrically connected to the primary alarm component (7) via a wire, and the secondary alarm unit is electrically connected to the secondary alarm component (8) via a wire.

8. The alarm device for bridge bearing displacement exceeding limit and bearing vacancy according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A storage battery is arranged inside the electronic alarm and the storage battery is connected to a solar panel via a photovoltaic charging controller.

9. An alarm method for bridge bearing displacement exceeding limit and bearing vacancy, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: During the operation of the bridge, when the relative displacement of the upper bearing plate (1) and the lower bearing plate (5) in the bearing exceeds a specified distance, the upper inclined block (13) will squeeze the lower inclined block (12) to move downward, and the lower inclined block (12) will move downward so that the pressure component contacts the first-level alarm component (7). At this time, the electronic alarm will send out a first-level alarm signal, suggesting that the staff should perform maintenance on the bridge bearing; Step 2: As the relative displacement distance between the upper support plate (1) and the lower support plate (5) increases, the upper inclined block (13) continues to press the lower inclined block (12) downward, and the pressure component pushes the first-level alarm component (7) downward, and the first-level alarm component (7) moves downward to drive the pressure block (10) to contact the second-level alarm component (8). At this time, the electronic alarm sends a second-level alarm signal to remind the staff to immediately maintain the bridge bearing; Step 3: During the operation of the bridge bearing, when the distance between the upper bearing plate (1) and the lower bearing plate (5) moves away from each other, causing the bridge bearing to become empty, the transmission component uses the lever principle to drive the pressure component to move downward and contact the first-level alarm component (7). At this time, the electronic alarm sends a first-level alarm signal, suggesting that the staff perform maintenance on the bridge bearing; Step 4: As the bridge bearing becomes more seriously de-hollowed, the transmission assembly continues to drive the pressure assembly downward. At this time, the pressure assembly pushes the first-level alarm component (7) downward. The first-level alarm component (7) moves downward and drives the pressure block (10) to contact the second-level alarm component (8). At this time, the electronic alarm sends a second-level alarm signal to remind the staff to immediately maintain the bridge bearing.

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