Arc plasma generator and preparation equipment of single-walled carbon nanotube
By setting a position adjustment part in the arc plasma generator to adjust the installation position of the emitter, the problem of arc instability is solved, and the continuous preparation of single-wall carbon nanotubes is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411263021.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-10
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-13
AI Technical Summary
During the preparation of single-wall carbon nanotubes, the distance between the tungsten needle and the catalyst of the arc plasma generator changes in the voltage, resulting in an instability of the arc, affecting the continuous production of single-wall carbon nanotubes.
An arc plasma generator is designed, by setting a position adjustment part between the generator main body and the emitter to adjust the installation position of the emitter to ensure that a set gap is maintained between the emitter and the solid catalyst surface, and stable arc discharge is achieved. The equipment includes an adjustment hole, an adjustment sleeve, a driving part, a position detection part and a control unit to ensure the precise adjustment and stability of the emitter position.
By maintaining the stable gap between the emitter and the catalyst surface, the continuity and stability of the arc are ensured, and the continuous preparation of single-wall carbon nanotubes is achieved.
Smart Images
Figure CN119136398A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the field of single-walled carbon nanotube production and manufacturing, and in particular to an arc plasma generator for producing single-walled carbon nanotubes and single-walled carbon nanotube preparation equipment. Background Art
[0002] The preparation of single-walled carbon nanotubes using arc discharge is one of the commonly used preparation methods for single-walled carbon nanotubes. Its working principle is: a carbon-containing gas is introduced into a vacuum container, a transition metal is used as a catalyst to form a receiving electrode, a tungsten needle is used as an anode, and the argon gas is broken down and ionized by the high voltage between the cathode and anode to form a stable arc. During the arc discharge process, the metal catalyst in the receiving electrode is vaporized and forms nano-scale droplets in the reaction container. The carbon-containing gas attaches to the metal droplets under the high temperature environment in the reaction container and dehydrogenates, thereby producing single-walled carbon nanotubes.
[0003] In the production equipment for preparing single-walled carbon nanotubes by arc discharge, the distance between the tungsten needle of the arc plasma generator and the catalyst will affect the voltage between the two. During the preparation of single-walled carbon nanotubes, after the metal catalyst is continuously vaporized, the distance between the tungsten needle of the arc plasma generator and the catalyst surface increases, resulting in an increase in voltage and an unstable arc between the two, which ultimately affects the continuous production of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Summary of the invention
[0004] To this end, the present invention provides an arc plasma generator and a single-walled carbon nanotube preparation device, which can ensure arc discharge stability during the preparation of single-walled carbon nanotubes to achieve continuous production of single-walled carbon nanotubes.
[0005] In view of the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
[0006] An arc plasma generator comprises: a generator body, the generator body having a mounting hole extending along a first direction; an emitter, a nozzle hole being provided at one end of the emitter, the emitter being mounted on the mounting hole of the generator body and the end of the emitter having the nozzle hole being located outside the generator body; and a position adjustment portion being located between the emitter and the generator body and being suitable for adjusting the mounting position of the emitter relative to the generator body along the first direction.
[0007] In some embodiments of the present invention, the position adjustment portion includes an adjustment hole provided on the end surface of the generator body, and an adjustment sleeve fixedly sleeved on the emitter, and the adjustment sleeve is threadedly connected to the adjustment hole.
[0008] Some embodiments of the present invention further include a driving unit for driving the emitter to rotate, wherein the driving unit drives the emitter to rotate to drive the adjusting sleeve to rotate.
[0009] In some embodiments of the present invention, the emitter is provided with a first extension edge on a side away from the nozzle hole, and a position detection portion is provided between the first extension edge and an end surface of the generator body.
[0010] In some implementation modes of the present invention, the emitter is provided with scale markings along its length direction.
[0011] In some embodiments of the present invention, a side of the emitter close to the nozzle is sealed and connected to the generator body via a graphite sealing ring.
[0012] The present invention also provides a single-walled carbon nanotube preparation device, comprising: a main reactor, the main reactor comprising a catalyst gasification chamber; the arc plasma generator, the generator body being fixedly mounted on the main reactor, and the emitter having a side of a nozzle extending into the catalyst gasification chamber; a catalyst assembly, comprising a catalyst accommodating portion for accommodating a solid catalyst, the catalyst assembly being fixedly mounted on the main reactor, the catalyst accommodating portion extending into the inner side of the catalyst gasification chamber; the position adjustment portion being used to adjust the position of the emitter so that a set distance is spaced between the end of the emitter and the end face of the solid catalyst.
[0013] In some embodiments of the present invention, the catalyst assembly further comprises a receiving stage connected to the catalyst containing portion, and the receiving stage passes through the catalyst containing portion and is connected to the solid catalyst.
[0014] In some embodiments of the present invention, the arc plasma generator is installed on the main reactor at an angle relative to a horizontal direction, and the catalyst assembly is installed on the main reactor in a vertical direction.
[0015] Some embodiments of the present invention further include a control unit, which controls the driving unit to adjust the position of the emitter according to a detection signal of the position detection unit.
[0016] The technical solution of the present invention has the following technical effects compared with the prior art:
[0017] In the arc plasma generator provided by the present invention, a position adjustment portion for adjusting the installation position of the emitter is provided between the generator body and the emitter, which can enable the emitter to always remain within a set gap range relative to the upper surface of the solid catalyst, so that a relatively stable arc can be generated between the emitter and the upper surface of the solid catalyst, thereby ensuring the continuous preparation of single-walled carbon nanotubes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which will help to understand the objects and advantages of the present invention, wherein:
[0019] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a specific implementation mode of the arc plasma generator of the present invention;
[0020] Figure 2 It is a partial enlarged view of a specific embodiment of the arc plasma generator of the present invention;
[0021] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Sectional view of AA in the middle;
[0022] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of the single-walled carbon nanotube preparation device of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0024] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.
[0025] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.
[0026] In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
[0027] like Figure 1The figure shows a specific embodiment of the arc plasma generator provided by the present invention, wherein the arc plasma generator 20 is used to produce single-walled carbon nanotubes, and comprises a generator body 21, wherein the generator body 21 has a mounting hole extending along a first direction; an emitter 22 mounted on the mounting hole of the generator body 21, wherein the emitter 22 is suitable for being electrically connected to an arc generator (not shown in the figure), and a nozzle 222a suitable for spraying a protective gas is provided at an end portion of the emitter 22 away from the arc generator. Among them, the end of the emitter 22 with the nozzle 222a is located on the outside of the generator body 21; when the arc plasma generator 20 is preparing single-walled carbon nanotubes, the arc generator is controlled to be turned on, so that a stable arc can be generated between the emitter 22 of the arc plasma generator 20 and the surface of the solid catalyst 32, and the solid catalyst 32 is vaporized and enters the catalyst gasification chamber 10a to form nano-scale droplets; the feed gas (such as methane and other carbon-containing organic matter) enters the catalyst gasification chamber 10a and is cracked and dehydrogenated in a high-temperature environment, and the reaction products are attached to the catalyst 32 droplets to complete the growth and finally form single-walled carbon nanotubes to be discharged.
[0028] During the preparation of single-walled carbon nanotubes, after the metal catalyst is continuously gasified, the distance between the emitter 22 of the arc plasma generator 20 and the surface of the solid catalyst 32 changes, which will cause the voltage to increase, thereby causing the arc to be unstable. Therefore, the arc plasma generator 20 also includes a device located between the emitter 22 and the generator body 21 and adapted to adjust the emitter 22 relative to the generator body 21 along the first direction ( Figure 1 A position adjustment part is provided for the installation position (in the direction indicated by the arrow c), and the position of the emitter 22 relative to the generator body 21 along the first direction is adjusted by the position adjustment part, which can make the emitter 22 always maintain within a set gap range relative to the upper surface of the solid catalyst 32 to achieve a stable arc and ensure the continuous preparation of single-walled carbon nanotubes.
[0029] Specifically, the position adjustment portion includes an adjustment hole 21a arranged on the end face of the generator body 21, and an adjustment sleeve 25 fixedly sleeved on the emitter 22, and the adjustment sleeve 25 is threadedly connected to the adjustment hole 21a. By rotating the adjustment sleeve 25, the position of the emitter 22 relative to the generator body 21 can be adjusted.
[0030] Among them, Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, the emitter 22 includes a conductive tube body 221 extending along a first direction and an emitter nozzle 222 located at the end of the conductive tube body 221; wherein, the emitter nozzle 222 is made of metal tungsten, and the conductive tube body 221 is made of metal copper, the emitter nozzle 222 is plugged into the end of the conductive tube body 221, and the conductive tube body 221 is electrically connected to an arc generator (not shown in the figure); a gas channel 22a is provided in the conductive tube body 221 and the emitter nozzle 222 for supplying a protective gas, specifically, the protective gas is argon, and the argon is broken down and ionized by the high voltage between the cathode and anode to form a stable arc.
[0031] The generator body 2121 is formed in the form of a double-layer annular jacket, wherein Figure 3 As shown, the inner annular sleeve 211 is open on both sides, and one end of one side is provided with a mounting hole for matching with the conductive tube body 221, and the other areas of the inner annular sleeve 211 are spaced apart from the conductive tube body 221 to form the solid cooling medium channel 23a. The outer annular sleeve 212 of the generator body 2121 is open on one side and closed on the other side, and a liquid cooling medium channel 23b is formed between the inner annular sleeve 211 and the outer annular sleeve 212, wherein the liquid cooling medium channel 23b is divided into at least two channels by a partition 213, and the two channels are connected by a connecting hole, wherein the connecting hole is provided on one side of the partition 213 close to the emitter nozzle 222. Since the emitter 22 is surrounded by the cooling part 23, the emitter 22 can be always in a controllable temperature field through the cooling effect of the cooling part 23, so that a relatively stable arc can always be generated between the emitter 22 and the surface of the catalyst 32, thereby realizing the continuous preparation of single-walled carbon nanotubes.
[0032] Specifically, in order to realize automatic adjustment of the position of the emitter 22, the arc plasma generator 20 further includes a driving unit for driving the emitter 22 to rotate, and the driving unit drives the emitter 22 to rotate to drive the adjustment sleeve 25 to rotate. The driving unit includes a rotating motor and a transmission assembly, and the transmission assembly includes a gear transmission assembly. The rotation of the emitter 22 can be realized by controlling the rotating motor, thereby realizing the position adjustment of the emitter 22 along the first direction.
[0033] Specifically, in an optional implementation, the emitter 22 is provided with scale markings along its length direction, and the scale markings can facilitate the user to obtain the position of the emitter 22 relative to the generator body 21.
[0034] Specifically, in an optional embodiment, the emitter 22 is provided with a first extension edge 223 on a side away from the nozzle 222a, and a position detection portion is provided between the first extension edge 223 and the end surface of the generator body 21. It can detect the moving distance between the emitter 22 and the generator body 21, thereby more accurately controlling its moving position. More specifically, the position detection portion is a displacement sensor 26 provided on the generator body 21.
[0035] Specifically, in an optional embodiment, the emitter 22 is sealedly connected to the generator body 21 on one side close to the nozzle 222a via a graphite sealing ring 24 to prevent the solid cooling medium channel from contacting the outside and causing cold to leak out.
[0036] The present invention also provides a specific embodiment of a single-walled carbon nanotube preparation device, such as Figure 4 As shown, it comprises: a main reactor 10, the main reactor 10 having a catalyst gasification chamber 10a; an arc plasma generator 20 and a catalyst assembly 30 installed on the main reactor 10 and arranged relatively spaced apart. Among them, the generator body 21 of the arc plasma generator 20 is fixedly installed on the main reactor 10, and the emitter 22 has a side of the nozzle 222a extending into the catalyst gasification chamber 10a; the catalyst assembly 30 comprises a catalyst accommodating portion 31 for accommodating a solid catalyst 32, and the catalyst accommodating portion 31 extends into the inner side of the catalyst gasification chamber 10a; the position adjustment portion is used to adjust the position of the emitter 22 so that the end of the emitter 22 is spaced apart from the end surface of the solid catalyst 32 by a set distance.
[0037] A stable electric arc is generated between the arc plasma generator 20 and the catalyst assembly 30, so that the metal catalyst 32 in the catalyst assembly 30 is vaporized and enters the catalyst gasification chamber 10a of the main reactor 10 to form nanometer-scale droplets; the feed gas (such as methane and other carbon-containing organic matter) enters the catalyst gasification chamber 10a along the feed port 13 of the main reactor 10 and is cracked and dehydrogenated in a high-temperature environment, and the reaction product is attached to the catalyst 32 droplets and enters the carbon nanotube generation chamber along the catalyst gasification chamber 10a to complete the growth and finally form single-walled carbon nanotubes and are discharged along the discharge port, thereby realizing the continuous preparation of single-walled carbon nanotubes.
[0038] Specifically, in an optional embodiment, the catalyst assembly 30 further includes a receiving stage 33 connected to the catalyst containing portion 31 , and the receiving stage 33 passes through the catalyst containing portion 31 and is connected to the solid catalyst 32 .
[0039] Specifically, in an optional embodiment, the arc plasma generator 20 is installed on the main reactor 10 at an angle relative to the horizontal direction, and the catalyst assembly 30 is installed on the main reactor 10 in a vertical direction. That is, the extension direction of the emitter 22 of the arc plasma generator 20 has an angle with the horizontal direction that is not 0°, and the catalyst assembly 30 is located at the lower side of the main reactor 10 and the upper surface of the metal catalyst 32 extends in the horizontal direction. When the arc heats the solid catalyst 32 at high temperature, the high-temperature catalyst 32 liquid will sputter to the surroundings. The emitter nozzle 222 forms a certain angle with the surface of the solid catalyst 32, which enables the argon gas blown out from around the emitter nozzle 222 to quickly blow away the sputtered droplets, thereby preventing the emitter nozzle 222 from being ablated.
[0040] Specifically, the single-walled carbon nanotube preparation equipment also includes a control unit, which controls the driving unit to adjust the position of the emitter 22 according to the detection signal of the position detection unit, so that the distance between the end of the emitter 22 having the nozzle 222a and the surface of the solid catalyst 32 is always maintained within a set threshold range, so that the voltage between the two is stable, thereby generating a stable arc to achieve continuous preparation of single-walled carbon nanotubes.
[0041] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for the purpose of clear explanation, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here. However, the obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. An arc plasma generator, characterized in that: include: a generator body, the generator body having a mounting hole extending along a first direction; An emitter, wherein a spray hole is provided at one end of the emitter, the emitter is mounted on the mounting hole of the generator body and the end of the emitter having the spray hole is located outside the generator body; The position adjustment portion is located between the emitter and the generator body and is suitable for adjusting the installation position of the emitter relative to the generator body along the first direction.
2. The arc plasma generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The position adjustment part comprises an adjustment hole arranged on the end surface of the generator body, and an adjustment sleeve fixedly sleeved on the emitter, and the adjustment sleeve is threadedly connected with the adjustment hole.
3. The arc plasma generator according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a driving unit for driving the emitter to rotate, and the driving unit drives the emitter to rotate to drive the adjusting sleeve to rotate.
4. The arc plasma generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The emitter is provided with a first extension edge at a side away from the nozzle hole, and a position detection portion is provided between the first extension edge and the end surface of the generator body.
5. The arc plasma generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The emitter is provided with scale markings along its length direction.
6. The arc plasma generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side of the emitter close to the spray hole is sealed and connected to the generator body through a graphite sealing ring.
7. A single-walled carbon nanotube preparation device, characterized in that: include: A main reactor, the main reactor comprising a catalyst gasification chamber; The arc plasma generator according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the generator body is fixedly mounted on the main reactor, and the side of the emitter having the spray hole extends into the catalyst gasification chamber; A catalyst assembly, comprising a catalyst containing portion for containing a solid catalyst, wherein the catalyst assembly is fixedly mounted on the main reactor, and the catalyst containing portion extends into the inner side of the catalyst gasification chamber; The position adjustment unit is used to adjust the position of the emitter so that an end of the emitter is spaced a set distance from an end surface of the solid catalyst.
8. The single-walled carbon nanotube preparation device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The catalyst assembly further includes a receiving stage connected to the catalyst receiving portion, wherein the receiving stage passes through the catalyst receiving portion and is connected to the solid catalyst.
9. The single-walled carbon nanotube preparation device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The arc plasma generator is installed on the main reactor in an inclined manner relative to the horizontal direction, and the catalyst assembly is installed on the main reactor in a vertical direction.
10. The single-walled carbon nanotube preparation device according to claim 7, characterized in that: A control unit is also included, and the control unit controls the driving unit to adjust the position of the emitter according to the detection signal of the position detection unit.