A device and method for grading a gravel bed suitable for use in shallow water areas

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of bed leveling, and particularly relates to a gravel bed leveling device and method suitable for shallow water areas. The gravel bed leveling device comprises a leveling frame, a measuring device, an adjusting device and a scraper. The leveling frame comprises two longitudinal beams and multiple cross beams, and a leveling bin is formed between every two adjacent cross beams. The measuring device comprises four measuring rods detachably connected to the four corners of the leveling frame, and the top end of each measuring rod is provided with a positioning device. The adjusting device comprises four height adjusting screws and four screw sleeves. The four screw sleeves are arranged near the four measuring rods and fixedly connected to the leveling frame, and the height adjusting screws are one-to-one screwed into the screw sleeves and penetrate through the leveling frame. The two ends of the scraper in the length direction are respectively removably crimped on the top surface of the cross beams on the two sides of the leveling bin. The present application provides a new leveling device for manual leveling of gravel beds in shallow water areas, and can improve the leveling accuracy of gravel beds in shallow water areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of bed leveling technology, specifically relating to a gravel bed leveling device and method suitable for shallow water areas. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the leveling of the subgrade in shallow water areas is usually carried out manually. This method differs from mechanical leveling methods such as vibratory leveling, leveling machine leveling, and leveling boat leveling. Manual leveling of the subgrade in shallow water areas is less constrained by the underwater environment, causes less damage to the surrounding environment, has lower costs, and higher precision.

[0003] Traditional manual leveling methods for shallow water subgrade typically involve the following steps: First, a diver enters the water and places two parallel guide rails on either side of the subgrade across its width. Temporary supports are used beneath the rails, and the top elevation of the rails is adjusted using a level and underwater leveling rod. Next, stones are thrown onto the subgrade. Then, a diver enters the water and places a scraper between the top surfaces of the two guide rails, using it to level the subgrade after the stones have been placed. However, this traditional manual leveling method only achieves a subgrade leveling accuracy of ±5cm. The main influencing factors are as follows:

[0004] 1) The scraper is quite long and has a large deflection;

[0005] 2) The guide rail elevation error is relatively large;

[0006] 3) Temporary piers are easily disturbed during the leveling process;

[0007] 4) The elevation accuracy of the top surface of the guide rail cannot be displayed in real time, so it is impossible to understand the leveling accuracy of the base bed in real time and make timely adjustments and corrections. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In view of the shortcomings of related technologies, the present invention provides a leveling device and method for crushed stone beds in shallow water areas, aiming to provide a new device and method for the manual leveling of crushed stone beds in shallow water areas, so as to improve the leveling accuracy of crushed stone beds in shallow water areas.

[0009] This invention provides a gravel bed leveling device suitable for shallow water areas, comprising a leveling frame, a measuring device, an adjusting device, and a scraper; wherein,

[0010] The leveling frame includes two longitudinal beams arranged opposite each other and multiple transverse beams that are vertically connected between the two longitudinal beams and spaced apart. A leveling compartment is formed between pairs of adjacent transverse beams.

[0011] The measuring device includes four measuring rods, the axis of which is perpendicular to the top surface of the leveling frame; the bottom ends of the four measuring rods are detachably connected to the four corners of the leveling frame, and a positioning device is installed at the top of each measuring rod.

[0012] The adjustment device includes four height adjustment screws and four screw sleeves. The axis of the height adjustment screws is perpendicular to the top surface of the leveling frame. The four screw sleeves are respectively set near the four measuring rods and fixedly connected to the leveling frame. The four height adjustment screws are screwed into the four screw sleeves one by one and pass through the leveling frame.

[0013] The scraper is removably placed on the top surface of the leveling frame, with its two ends along its length pressed against two crossbeams on both sides of the leveling compartment.

[0014] In some embodiments, each positioning device includes a GPS positioning device and a prism.

[0015] In some embodiments, a tool hole is provided through the upper part of the height adjustment screw, and the axis of the tool hole is perpendicular to the axis of the height adjustment screw.

[0016] In some embodiments, the scraper includes a leveling section and two pressing sections connected to both ends of the leveling section along its length. The width of the pressing sections is greater than the width of the leveling section. The two pressing sections are pressed against two crossbeams on both sides of the leveling compartment, respectively. The bottom surface of the leveling section is flush with the bottom surface of the pressing sections.

[0017] The present invention also provides a method for leveling a gravel bed suitable for shallow water areas, which employs multiple of the aforementioned gravel bed leveling devices suitable for shallow water areas, and includes the following steps:

[0018] S1. Place medium-sized stones at the leveled subgrade to form a subgrade mattress layer;

[0019] S2. Place a crushed stone bed leveling device on the bed mattress, with the two longitudinal beams positioned along the length of the bed to be leveled. The bottom ends of the four height adjustment screws protrude beyond the bottom surface of the leveling frame and are pressed against the bed mattress. All positioning equipment should remain above the water surface. Divers enter the water and, based on the monitoring data fed back by the positioning equipment, adjust the planar position and top elevation of the leveling frame to ensure that the top elevation of the leveling frame matches the preset elevation of the bed mattress.

[0020] S3. Use a long-arm excavator to carry out crushing operations, so that the crushed stone completely covers all leveling bins except the last leveling bin;

[0021] S4. Divers enter the water and use scrapers to level the gravel in each leveling compartment one by one;

[0022] S5. Remove the four height adjustment screws and four measuring rods from the leveling frame;

[0023] S6. Place the next crushed stone bed leveling device on the bed mattress and attach the first end of its leveling frame to the end of the previous leveling frame. Based on the monitoring data fed back by the positioning device of the crushed stone bed leveling device, adjust the plane position and top elevation of the leveling frame so that the top elevation of the leveling frame is consistent with the preset elevation of the bed.

[0024] S7. Use a long-arm excavator to perform crushing operations so that the crushed stone completely covers the last leveling compartment of the previous leveling frame and the other leveling compartments of the leveling frame except for the last leveling compartment.

[0025] S8. Divers enter the water and use scrapers to level the gravel in each leveling compartment of the newly dumped gravel; then remove the four height adjustment screws and four measuring rods on the leveling frame.

[0026] S9. Repeat steps S6 to S8. When the last crushed stone bed leveling device is placed on the bed mattress and crushed stone is thrown, make sure that the crushed stone completely covers the last leveling compartment of the previous leveling frame and all leveling compartments of the leveling frame. Then execute step S8 to complete the crushed stone bed leveling construction.

[0027] In some embodiments, the weight of the medium-sized stones is 10kg to 100kg; the particle size of the crushed stone is 1cm to 2cm.

[0028] In some embodiments, when divers enter the water to adjust the planar position and top elevation of the leveling frame, the planar position of the leveling frame is first adjusted according to the monitoring data of four GPS positioning devices, and the leveling frame is initially adjusted to be level; then, the total station on the shore is used to aim at the four prisms in real time to obtain the monitoring data of the top elevation of the leveling frame, and the four height adjustment screws are turned accordingly to adjust the top elevation of the leveling frame to be consistent with the preset elevation of the foundation bed.

[0029] In some embodiments, after each crushing operation is completed, the elevation of the top surface of the leveling frame is checked using a positioning device to see if it has changed; if it has changed, the height adjustment screw is turned to adjust the elevation of the top surface of the leveling frame to be consistent with the preset elevation of the base bed.

[0030] In some embodiments, when removing the height adjustment screws and measuring rods on the leveling frame, the height adjustment screws are first slowly turned upwards. During this process, the monitoring data fed back by the positioning device is used to observe whether the top elevation of the leveling frame changes. If there is a change, the height adjustment screws are first turned to adjust the top elevation of the leveling frame to be consistent with the preset elevation of the base bed. Then, the gravel in each leveling compartment is leveled again using a scraper, and then the height adjustment screws are removed again. If there is no change, after the four height adjustment screws are removed, the four measuring rods are removed. After the height adjustment screws and measuring rods on the leveling frame are removed, gravel is added and the leveling is performed at the four corners of the leveling frame.

[0031] In some embodiments, when leveling the gravel in the leveling bin using a scraper, the scraper is first placed on the top surface of the leveling frame, so that both ends of the scraper are pressed against the top surfaces of the two crossbeams on both sides of the leveling bin, and the scraper is positioned in the middle of the leveling bin; then the scraper is pushed toward both ends of the leveling bin in sequence to level the gravel in the leveling bin.

[0032] Based on the above technical solutions, the gravel bed leveling device and leveling method applicable to shallow water areas in the embodiments of the present invention significantly improve the leveling accuracy of gravel beds in shallow water areas, and significantly improve the erosion resistance and deformation resistance of gravel beds. Attached Figure Description

[0033] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and, together with their description, serve to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0034] Figure 1 This is a front view of the gravel bed leveling device for shallow water areas according to the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a top view of the gravel bed leveling device for shallow water areas according to the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a side view of the gravel bed leveling device for shallow water areas according to the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the scraper in the gravel bed leveling device for shallow water areas according to the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the method for leveling a crushed stone bed suitable for shallow water areas according to the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of step S2 in the method for leveling a gravel bed suitable for shallow water areas according to the present invention;

[0040] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of step S3 in the method for leveling a gravel bed suitable for shallow water areas according to the present invention;

[0041] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of step S4 in the method for leveling a gravel bed suitable for shallow water areas according to the present invention;

[0042] Figure 9 This is a top view of step S4 in the method for leveling a gravel bed in shallow water areas according to the present invention;

[0043] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of step S6 in the method for leveling a gravel bed suitable for shallow water areas according to the present invention;

[0044] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of step S7 in the method for leveling a gravel bed suitable for shallow water areas according to the present invention;

[0045] Figure 12 This is a front view of a crushed stone bed after the application of the crushed stone bed leveling method for shallow water areas according to the present invention;

[0046] Figure 13 This is a top view of a crushed stone bed after leveling using the crushed stone bed leveling method applicable to shallow water areas according to the present invention.

[0047] In the diagram: 10. Crushed stone subgrade leveling device; 11. Leveling frame; 111. Longitudinal beam; 112. Crossbeam; 113. Leveling bin; 12. Measuring rod; 13. Positioning device; 131. GPS positioning device; 132. Prism; 14. Height adjustment screw; 141. Tool hole; 15. Screw sleeve; 16. Scraper; 161. Leveling section; 162. Pressing section; 20. Subgrade mattress layer; 30. Crushed stone. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "lateral", "longitudinal", "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0050] The terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.

[0051] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0052] refer to Figures 1-13 As shown, the gravel bed leveling device 10 of the present invention, applicable to shallow water areas, includes a leveling frame 11, a measuring device, an adjusting device, and a scraper 16.

[0053] The leveling frame 11 has a square structure and includes two longitudinal beams 111 arranged opposite each other and multiple horizontal beams 112 that are vertically connected between the two longitudinal beams 111 and spaced apart. The number of horizontal beams 112 is at least three. A leveling compartment 113 is formed between each pair of adjacent horizontal beams 112, thereby giving the leveling frame 11 multiple leveling compartments 113 arranged in parallel. The arrangement of multiple horizontal beams 112 also enhances the overall structural rigidity and deformation resistance of the leveling frame 11.

[0054] The measuring device includes four measuring rods 12, each with its axis perpendicular to the top surface of the leveling frame 11. The bottom ends of the four measuring rods 12 are detachably connected to the four corners of the leveling frame 11, and a positioning device 13 is installed at the top of each measuring rod 12. The length of the measuring rod 12 is related to the water depth at the base bed to be leveled, ensuring that the positioning device 13 at the top of the measuring rod 12 is always above the water surface.

[0055] The adjustment device includes four height adjustment screws 14 and four screw sleeves 15. The axis of each height adjustment screw 14 is perpendicular to the top surface of the leveling frame 11, and the screw sleeves 15 are adapted to the height adjustment screws 14. The four screw sleeves 15 are respectively located near the four measuring rods 12 and fixedly connected to the leveling frame 11. The four height adjustment screws 14 are screwed into the four screw sleeves 15 one by one and pass through the leveling frame 11. By turning the height adjustment screws 14, the height adjustment screws 14 can be moved up or down relative to the leveling frame 11.

[0056] The scraper 16 is removably placed on the top surface of the leveling frame 11; both ends of the scraper 16 in the length direction are respectively pressed onto the two crossbeams 112 on both sides of the leveling chamber 113. It is understood that when the leveling frame 11 is used for leveling a crushed stone bed, the leveling chamber 113 is filled with stones, and the scraper 16 is pushed along the length of the crossbeams 112 to level the stones within the leveling chamber 113. It should be noted that since the length of the scraper 16 is approximately equal to the distance between the two crossbeams 112 on both sides of the leveling chamber 113, this embodiment significantly reduces the length of the scraper 16 compared to the longer scraper 16 used in traditional manual leveling methods, thereby avoiding the situation where the large deflection of a longer scraper 16 affects the leveling accuracy of the bed.

[0057] To further explain, when the gravel bed leveling device 10 is used for bed leveling in shallow water areas, the top height and level of the leveling frame 11 can be adjusted by adjusting the device; the planar position and elevation of the top of the four measuring rods 12 can be monitored in real time by four sets of positioning devices 13, and then the planar position and top elevation of the leveling frame 11 can be obtained by combining the calibrated relative positional relationship between the top of the measuring rods 12 and the leveling frame 11; those skilled in the art will understand that a measurement and control system connected to the positioning devices 13 is provided on the shore to obtain the monitoring data fed back by the positioning devices 13 in real time; therefore, compared with the traditional manual leveling method of using a level and underwater leveling rod to measure the elevation of the top surface of the guide rail, the elevation measurement of the leveling frame 11 in this embodiment is more real-time and accurate, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of gravel bed leveling operations.

[0058] The above illustrative embodiment, through the specific configuration of the compartmentalized leveling frame 11, measuring device, adjusting device, and shorter scraper 16, provides a new leveling device for manual leveling of gravel beds in shallow water areas, thereby improving the leveling accuracy of gravel beds in shallow water areas.

[0059] refer to Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, each positioning device 13 includes a GPS positioning device 131 and a prism 132, where the prism 132 can be a 360° prism. Those skilled in the art will understand that before the leveling device enters the water, the relative positions between each GPS positioning device 131 and the leveling frame 11, and between each prism 132 and the leveling frame 11, have been calibrated. Therefore, after the leveling device enters the water, the leveling frame 11 can be measured and positioned using two methods: the GPS positioning device 131 and a total station erected on the shore to illuminate each prism 132 in real time. The measurement and control system can display the results of these two methods in real time. This illustrative embodiment refines the specific settings of the positioning device 13, which helps ensure the accuracy of the leveling frame 11 during measurement and positioning, as well as the accuracy of adjusting the position and elevation of the leveling frame 11.

[0060] refer to Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, a tool hole 141 is provided through the upper part of the height adjustment screw 14, and the axis of the tool hole 141 is perpendicular to the axis of the height adjustment screw 14. Inserting a rod into the tool hole 141 and pushing the outer end of the rod will screw the height adjustment screw 14, causing it to rotate within the screw sleeve 15, thereby moving the height adjustment screw 14 upwards or downwards relative to the leveling frame 11.

[0061] refer to Figures 1-4 As shown, in some embodiments, the scraper 16 includes a leveling section 161 and two pressing sections 162 connected to both ends of the leveling section 161 along its length. The width of the pressing sections 162 is greater than the width of the leveling section 161, and the two pressing sections 162 are respectively pressed against the two crossbeams 112 on both sides of the leveling bin 113. The bottom surface of the leveling section 161 is flush with the bottom surface of the pressing sections 162. This illustrative embodiment refines the arrangement of the scraper 16, increases the contact area between the scraper 16 and the crossbeams 112, making the scraper 16 more stable when moving along the crossbeams 112 and always reliably fitting against the crossbeams 112, thereby ensuring that the top surface of the stone in the leveling bin 113 after leveling is at the same height as the crossbeams 112.

[0062] refer to Figures 1-13 As shown, the present invention also provides a method for leveling a gravel bed suitable for shallow water areas, which employs multiple of the aforementioned gravel bed leveling devices 10 suitable for shallow water areas, and includes the following steps:

[0063] S1. Place medium-sized stones at the leveled subgrade to form the subgrade mattress layer 20; it is understood that the top surface elevation of the subgrade mattress layer 20 should be lower than the preset elevation of the subgrade.

[0064] S2. Place a gravel bed leveling device 10 on the bed mattress 20, ensuring that the two longitudinal beams 111 are located along the length of the bed to be leveled and the transverse beams 112 are located along the width of the bed to be leveled. The bottom ends of the four height adjustment screws 14 protrude beyond the bottom surface of the leveling frame 11 and press against the bed mattress 20, i.e., the bottom ends of the four height adjustment screws 14 press against the bed mattress 20, but the leveling frame 11 does not directly contact the bed mattress 20. All positioning devices 13 on the gravel bed leveling device 10 remain above the water surface. Divers enter the water and, based on the monitoring data fed back by the positioning devices 13, adjust the planar position and top elevation of the leveling frame 11 to ensure that the top elevation of the leveling frame 11 is consistent with the preset elevation of the bed.

[0065] S3. Use a long-arm excavator to throw crushed stone 30, so that the crushed stone 30 completely covers all leveling compartments 113 on the leveling frame 11 except for the last leveling compartment 113. It should be noted that the last leveling compartment 113 refers to the leveling compartment 113 located at the end of the construction direction of the subgrade to be leveled on the leveling frame 11. Using a long-arm excavator to throw crushed stone 30 reduces the throwing height and the impact of crushed stone 30 on the leveling frame 11, thereby reducing the impact of the crushed stone throwing operation on the top elevation of the leveling frame 11.

[0066] S4. The diver enters the water and uses the scraper 16 to level the gravel 30 in each leveling compartment 113 one by one, so that the top surface of the gravel 30 in each leveling compartment 113 is level with the top surface of the leveling frame 11.

[0067] S5. The diver removes the four height adjustment screws 14 and four measuring rods 12 from the leveling frame 11. Understandably, after the height adjustment screws 14 and measuring rods 12 are removed, the corners of the leveling frame 11 need to be filled with crushed stone 30 and locally leveled.

[0068] S6. Place the next crushed stone bed leveling device 10 on the bed mattress 20, and attach the first end of its leveling frame 11 to the end of the previous leveling frame 11. The diver enters the water and adjusts the planar position and top elevation of the leveling frame 11 according to the monitoring data fed back by the positioning device 13 of the crushed stone bed leveling device 10, so that the top elevation of the leveling frame 11 is consistent with the preset elevation of the bed.

[0069] S7. Use a long-arm excavator to throw crushed stone 30, so that the crushed stone 30 completely covers the last leveling bin 113 of the previous leveling frame 11 and the other leveling bins 113 of the leveling frame 11 except for the last leveling bin 113.

[0070] S8. The diver enters the water and uses the scraper 16 to level the crushed stone 30 in each leveling compartment 113 of the newly poured crushed stone 30. Then, the four height adjustment screws 14 and four measuring rods 12 on the leveling frame 11 are removed. Similarly, after the height adjustment screws 14 and measuring rods 12 are removed, the corners of the leveling frame 11 need to be replenished with crushed stone 30 and locally leveled.

[0071] S9. Repeat steps S6 to S8. When the last crushed stone bed leveling device 10 is placed on the bed mattress 20 and the crushed stone 30 is thrown, the crushed stone 30 completely covers the last leveling compartment 113 of the previous leveling frame 11 and all leveling compartments 113 of the leveling frame 11. Then, step S8 is executed to complete the crushed stone bed leveling construction.

[0072] To further explain, the position of each leveling frame 11 on the base bed 20 is considered as a work station. After the leveling operation of each work station is completed, only the height adjustment screw 14, measuring rod 12 and positioning device 13 in the crushed stone base bed leveling device 10 are removed, while the leveling frame 11 is not removed. The leveling frame 11 is left in the crushed stone base bed, making it part of the crushed stone base bed. This can effectively prevent the crushed stone 30 from being washed away by the flowing water, which would cause damage or unevenness to the crushed stone base bed. It significantly improves the erosion resistance and deformation resistance of the crushed stone base bed, and improves the durability of the crushed stone base bed. In addition, the height adjustment screw 14, measuring rod 12 and positioning device 13 can be reused.

[0073] Furthermore, after the crushed stone base bed leveling construction is completed, medium-sized stones can be piled up on both sides of the leveling frame 11 in the width direction and both sides in the length direction for protection, so as to improve the lateral pressure resistance of the crushed stone base bed and avoid the possibility of displacement of the leveling frame 11.

[0074] The above illustrative embodiments achieve precise positioning and convenient adjustment of the leveling frame 11 position and top surface elevation, reduce the elevation error of the leveling frame 11 and the deflection of the scraper 16, solve the drawbacks of traditional manual leveling methods, improve the leveling accuracy of the gravel bed in shallow water areas, and significantly improve the erosion resistance and deformation resistance of the gravel bed.

[0075] In some embodiments, the weight of the medium-sized stones is 10kg to 100kg; the particle size of the crushed stone 30 is 1cm to 2cm; this illustrative embodiment refines the specifications of the stones used in the base bed 20 and the crushed stone base bed, so as to simultaneously meet the dual requirements of the strength and leveling accuracy of the crushed stone base bed.

[0076] refer to Figures 1-6 As shown, in some embodiments, when divers enter the water to adjust the planar position and top elevation of the leveling frame 11, the planar position of the leveling frame 11 is first adjusted based on real-time monitoring data from four GPS positioning devices 131, and the leveling frame 11 is initially adjusted to be level. Then, a total station on the shore is used to align with four prisms 132 in real time to obtain real-time monitoring data on the top elevation of the leveling frame 11. Based on this, four height adjustment screws 14 are turned to adjust the top elevation of the leveling frame 11 to be consistent with the preset elevation of the base bed. In this illustrative embodiment, the leveling frame 11 is coarsely positioned using GPS positioning devices 131 and finely positioned using prisms 132, reducing the top elevation error of the leveling frame 11, ensuring the accuracy of the measurement and positioning of the leveling frame 11, and thus ensuring the accuracy of the position and elevation adjustment of the leveling frame 11, improving the accuracy of manual leveling operations.

[0077] refer to Figures 1-13As shown, in some embodiments, after each crushing operation 30 is completed, the positioning device 13 is used to check whether the top elevation of the leveling frame 11 has changed; if it has changed, a diver enters the water and screws the height adjustment screw 14 to adjust the top elevation of the leveling frame 11 to match the preset elevation of the base bed. This ensures the accuracy of the top elevation of the leveling frame 11 after the crushing operation 30 is completed.

[0078] refer to Figures 1-13 As shown, in some embodiments, when divers enter the water to remove the height adjustment screws 14 and measuring rods 12 on the leveling frame 11, they first slowly rotate the height adjustment screws 14 upwards. During this process, they observe whether the top elevation of the leveling frame 11 changes based on real-time monitoring data fed back by the positioning device 13. If there is a change, they first rotate the height adjustment screws 14 to adjust the top elevation of the leveling frame 11 to match the preset elevation of the base bed. Then, they use scrapers 16 to level the crushed stone 30 in each leveling compartment 113 again. If necessary, they can add material locally before scraping and then remove the height adjustment screws 14 again. If there is no change, after the four height adjustment screws 14 are removed, the four measuring rods 12 are removed. It can be understood that after the removal of the height adjustment screws 14 and measuring rods 12 on the leveling frame 11 is completed, crushed stone 30 is added and the leveling is performed at the four corners of the leveling frame 11. This illustrative embodiment allows for real-time monitoring of the leveling accuracy of the crushed stone bed, enabling timely adjustments and corrections. This ensures that the removal of the height adjustment screw 14 and measuring rod 12 does not affect the accuracy of the top elevation of the leveling frame 11, thereby ensuring the leveling accuracy of the crushed stone bed.

[0079] refer to Figures 1-8 As shown, in some embodiments, when leveling the gravel 30 in the leveling bin 113 using the scraper 16, the scraper 16 is first placed on the top surface of the leveling frame 11, with both ends of the scraper 16 pressing against the top surfaces of the two crossbeams 112 on both sides of the leveling bin 113, and the scraper 16 positioned in the middle of the leveling bin 113; then, the scraper 16 is pushed sequentially towards both ends of the leveling bin 113 to level the gravel 30 in the leveling bin 113. This illustrative embodiment improves leveling efficiency by adopting a leveling sequence from the middle to both sides, and allows excess gravel 30 to be relatively evenly and naturally piled on both sides of the leveling frame 11.

[0080] In summary, the gravel bed leveling device 10 and leveling method of the present invention, applicable to shallow water areas, provide a new device and method for manual leveling of gravel beds in shallow water areas, significantly improve the leveling accuracy of gravel beds in shallow water areas, realize ultra-high precision leveling operations for gravel beds in shallow water areas, with a leveling accuracy of ±1cm, and significantly improve the erosion resistance and deformation resistance of gravel beds.

[0081] Finally, it should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0082] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention or equivalent substitutions can be made to some technical features without departing from the spirit of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be covered within the scope of the technical solutions claimed in the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for leveling a gravel bed suitable for shallow water areas, characterized in that, A crushed stone bed leveling device suitable for shallow water areas is used. This device includes a leveling frame, a measuring device, an adjusting device, and a scraper. The leveling frame includes two longitudinal beams arranged opposite each other and multiple transverse beams vertically connected between the two longitudinal beams and spaced apart, with a leveling compartment formed between each pair of adjacent transverse beams; The measuring device includes four measuring rods, the axis of which is perpendicular to the top surface of the leveling frame; the bottom ends of the four measuring rods are detachably connected to the four corners of the leveling frame, and a positioning device is installed at the top of each measuring rod; the positioning device includes a GPS positioning device and a prism. The adjustment device includes four height adjustment screws and four screw sleeves. The axial direction of the height adjustment screws is perpendicular to the top surface of the leveling frame. The four screw sleeves are respectively located near the four measuring rods and fixedly connected to the leveling frame. The four height adjustment screws are screwed into the four screw sleeves one by one and pass through the leveling frame. The scraper is removably placed on the top surface of the leveling frame, and the two ends of the scraper along its length are respectively pressed onto two crossbeams on both sides of the leveling compartment; The method for leveling a gravel bed suitable for shallow water areas includes the following steps: S1. Place medium-sized stones at the leveled subgrade to form a subgrade mattress layer; S2. Place one of the crushed stone bed leveling devices on the bed mattress, and position the two longitudinal beams along the length of the bed to be leveled. The bottom ends of the four height adjustment screws protrude from the bottom surface of the leveling frame and are pressed against the bed mattress. All the positioning devices are always above the water surface. Divers enter the water and adjust the planar position and top elevation of the leveling frame according to the monitoring data fed back by the positioning devices, so that the top elevation of the leveling frame is consistent with the preset elevation of the bed. S3. Use a long-arm excavator to carry out crushing operations, so that the crushed stone completely covers all leveling bins except the last leveling bin; S4. Divers enter the water and use the scraper to level the gravel in each leveling compartment one by one; S5. Remove the four height adjustment screws and four measuring rods from the leveling frame; S6. Place the next crushed stone bed leveling device on the bed base layer and attach the first end of its leveling frame to the end of the previous leveling frame. Based on the monitoring data fed back by the positioning device of the crushed stone bed leveling device, adjust the plane position and top elevation of the leveling frame so that the top elevation of the leveling frame is consistent with the preset elevation of the bed base. S7. Use a long-arm excavator to perform crushing operations so that the crushed stone completely covers the last leveling compartment of the previous leveling frame and the other leveling compartments of the leveling frame except for the last leveling compartment. S8. The diver enters the water and uses the scraper to level the gravel in each leveling compartment of the newly dumped gravel; then removes the four height adjustment screws and four measuring rods on the leveling frame. S9. Repeat steps S6 to S8. When the last crushed stone bed leveling device is placed on the bed mattress and crushed stone is thrown, the crushed stone completely covers the last leveling compartment of the previous leveling frame and all leveling compartments of the leveling frame. Then, step S8 is executed to complete the crushed stone bed leveling construction. Then, medium-sized stones are piled on both sides of the leveling frame in the width direction and both sides in the length direction.

2. The method for leveling a gravel bed in shallow water areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The weight of the medium-sized stones is 10kg to 100kg; the particle size of the crushed stones is 1cm to 2cm.

3. The method for leveling a gravel bed in shallow water areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, When divers enter the water to adjust the planar position and top elevation of the leveling frame, the planar position of the leveling frame is first adjusted according to the monitoring data of the four GPS positioning devices, and the leveling frame is initially adjusted to be level. Then, the total station on the shore is used to aim at the four prisms in real time to obtain the monitoring data of the top elevation of the leveling frame. Based on this, the four height adjustment screws are turned to adjust the top elevation of the leveling frame to be consistent with the preset elevation of the foundation bed.

4. The method for leveling a gravel bed in shallow water areas according to claim 3, characterized in that, After each stone-throwing operation is completed, the positioning device is used to check whether the top elevation of the leveling frame has changed; if it has changed, the height adjustment screw is turned to adjust the top elevation of the leveling frame to be consistent with the preset elevation of the base bed.

5. The method for leveling a gravel bed in shallow water areas according to claim 3, characterized in that, When removing the height adjustment screws and measuring rods on the leveling frame, first slowly screw the height adjustment screws upwards. During this process, observe whether the top elevation of the leveling frame changes based on the monitoring data fed back by the positioning device. If there is a change, first screw the height adjustment screws to adjust the top elevation of the leveling frame to match the preset elevation of the base bed. Then, use the scraper to level the crushed stone in each leveling compartment again, and then remove the height adjustment screws again. If there is no change, after the four height adjustment screws are removed, remove the four measuring rods. After the removal of the height adjustment screws and measuring rods on the leveling frame is completed, crushed stone is added and leveled at the four corners of the leveling frame.

6. The method for leveling a gravel bed in shallow water areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, When using the scraper to level the gravel in the leveling bin, first place the scraper on the top surface of the leveling frame, so that both ends of the scraper are pressed against the top surfaces of the two crossbeams on both sides of the leveling bin, and position the scraper in the middle of the leveling bin; then push the scraper towards both ends of the leveling bin in sequence to level the gravel in the leveling bin.

7. The method for leveling a gravel bed in shallow water areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper part of the height adjustment screw has a through-hole, and the axis of the tool hole is perpendicular to the axis of the height adjustment screw.

8. The method for leveling a gravel bed in shallow water areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The scraper includes a leveling section and two pressing sections connected to both ends of the leveling section along its length. The width of the pressing sections is greater than the width of the leveling section. The two pressing sections are respectively pressed against two crossbeams on both sides of the leveling compartment. The bottom surface of the leveling section is flush with the bottom surface of the pressing sections.

Images