Rapid evaluation test method for long-storage aging degree of single-component propellant decomposition catalyst

Abstract

The invention provides a rapid evaluation test method for the long-storage aging degree of a single-component propellant decomposition catalyst, belongs to the technical field of aerospace catalysts, and is mainly used for detecting the oxidation rate of active metals iridium and ruthenium in the single-component propellant decomposition catalyst. According to the invention, a thermogravimetric rapid evaluation method is designed, and the mass of the metal which is not oxidized is calculated by measuring the weight gain mass of the active metal which is completely oxidized, so that the oxidation rate of the active metal of the catalyst is calculated. The method is rapid and simple in measurement and good in repeatability, only needs about three hours for testing a single sample, can effectively detect and calculate the oxidation degree of the active metal of the catalyst, provides an effective basis for activity judgment of the catalyst, and effectively meets the pre-estimation requirements of the activity and the service life of the long-standing catalyst.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of aerospace catalysts, and relates to a rapid evaluation test method for the long-term storage aging degree of a monopropellant decomposition catalyst, which is mainly used for detecting the oxidation rate of active metals iridium and ruthenium in the monopropellant decomposition catalyst. Background Art

[0002] The monopropellant propulsion system has the advantages of simple structure, sensitive response characteristics, and high working reliability, so it has become the preferred technical solution for equipment end-of-life power. Monopropellant propulsion technology has a wide range of applications in aerospace, defense and other fields.

[0003] However, as the storage time of the catalyst product increases, the performance of the catalyst will degrade to a certain extent, and even fail. Monocomponent propellant decomposition catalysts are a type of composite inorganic materials with fixed shapes and special functions. They are composed of carriers and active metals. The carrier is mainly porous alumina, and the main components of the active metals are precious metals such as Ir and Ru. After a special preparation method, the active metals are highly dispersed on the surface and pores of the carrier at the nanoscale. Unlike single precious metals, nanoscale dispersed active metals are more active in nature, so they show high catalytic activity. At the same time, some storage conditions during long-term storage may also have a certain impact on their lifespan. Studies have found that highly dispersed active metals will gradually be oxidized by oxygen in the air during long-term storage, resulting in an increase in the oxidation rate of the active metals in the catalyst, resulting in a decrease in activity. The oxidation rate is a key factor affecting the activity of the catalyst, and relatively accurate measurements are required to make a preliminary judgment on the current activity of the catalyst.

[0004] The main test method is H 2 -TPR test method, through H 2 Reduction of catalyst, measurement of H consumption 2 The oxidation degree of the catalyst can be determined by measuring the amount of active metal. However, it is found in the study that its repeatability is poor, and some deeply oxidized metals cannot be completely reduced, so that the measured oxidation rate is low. The present invention adopts thermogravimetry to measure the weight gain of the active metal after complete oxidation, calculate the mass of the unoxidized metal, and thus calculate the oxidation rate of the active metal of the catalyst. The measurement is fast, simple, and has good repeatability, which can provide an effective basis for determining the activity of the catalyst. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to accurately measure the oxidation rates of active metals iridium and ruthenium in a monopropellant decomposition catalyst and determine the catalyst activity, the present invention provides a rapid evaluation test method for the long-term storage aging degree of a monopropellant decomposition catalyst.

[0006] In order to achieve the above technical tasks, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A rapid evaluation test method for the long-term storage aging degree of a monopropellant decomposition catalyst comprises the following steps:

[0008] Step 1, according to the range of the thermogravimetric instrument, weigh 0.1g~1g of the catalyst sample into a crucible, pass an inert gas at a flow rate of 100mL / min~300mL / min, purge for 30min~2h, completely replace the atmosphere in the thermogravimetric instrument with an inert atmosphere, and heat up to 350~550°C at a heating rate of 2~20°C / min, keep the temperature constant for 10min~1h, and obtain the thermogravimetric test results under the inert atmosphere; then replace the inert atmosphere with air at a flow rate of 100mL / min~300mL / min, keep the temperature constant for 30min~2h, and obtain the thermogravimetric test results under the air atmosphere.

[0009] Furthermore, the catalyst is a monocomponent propellant decomposition catalyst, including an Ir catalyst and a Ru catalyst.

[0010] Step 2, read the following data from the thermogravimetric test results obtained in step 1:

[0011] The lowest value of the mass fraction at a constant temperature of 350°C to 550°C under an inert atmosphere is recorded as ω 1 ;

[0012] The highest value of the mass fraction at a constant temperature between 350°C and 550°C in air atmosphere is recorded as ω 2 .

[0013] The weight gain mass fraction of the unoxidized metal in the catalyst is calculated by the following formula:

[0014] ω = (ω 2 -ω 1 ) / ω 1

[0015] Where: ω is the weight fraction of the unoxidized metal in the catalyst; ω 1 The mass fraction of the minimum value at a constant temperature of 350°C~550°C in an inert atmosphere; ω 2 It is the mass fraction of the highest value at a constant temperature of 350°C~550°C in air atmosphere.

[0016] The mass fractions of Ru and Ir metal contents in the catalyst are known, denoted as ω Ru and ω Ir When the Ir catalyst is completely oxidized, it can be considered that all of it generates IrO 2 , the mass fraction of Ir gain is recorded as ω Ir-O2 When the Ru catalyst is completely oxidized, it can be considered that all of it generates RuO 2, Ru weight gain fraction is ω Ru-O2 .

[0017] The Ir weight gain mass fraction ω Ir-O2 Calculated by the following formula:

[0018] ω Ir-O2 = ω Ir / M Ir ×M O ×2

[0019] Where: Ir-O2 is the mass fraction of Ir catalyst completely oxidized; ω Ir is the mass fraction of the metal content in the Ir catalyst; M Ir is the atomic mass of iridium, g / mol; M O is the atomic mass of oxygen, g / mol.

[0020] The Ru weight gain mass fraction ω Ru-O2 Calculated by the following formula:

[0021] ω Ru-O2 = ω Ru / M Ru ×M O ×2

[0022] Where: Ru-O2 is the mass fraction of Ru catalyst completely oxidized; ω Ru is the mass fraction of the metal content in the Ru catalyst; M Ru is the atomic mass of iridium, g / mol; M O is the atomic mass of oxygen, g / mol.

[0023] The oxidation rate of the metal in the Ir catalyst is calculated by the following method:

[0024] X = [(1+ω) / (1+ω) Ir-O2 )×ω Ir-O2 -ω)] / [(1+ω) / (1+ω Ir-O2 )×ω Ir-O2 ]×100%.

[0025] The oxidation rate of the metal in the Ru catalyst is calculated by the following method:

[0026] X = [(1+ω) / (1+ω) Ru-O2 )×ω Ru-O2 -ω)] / [(1+ω) / (1+ω Ru-O2 )×ω Ru-O2 ]×100%.

[0027] For the Ir catalyst, the temperature when the atmosphere is air is 450°C~550°C, preferably 500°C; for the Ru catalyst, the temperature when the atmosphere is air is 350°C~450°C, preferably 400°C.

[0028] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0029] Aiming at detecting the degree of aging of monopropellant decomposition catalysts during long-term storage, the present invention designs a rapid thermogravimetric evaluation method. The test of a single sample only takes about 3 hours, and the degree of oxidation of active metals in the catalyst can be effectively detected and calculated, which can effectively meet the demand for estimating the activity and life of long-term storage catalysts. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 This is the thermogravimetric test data of the newly prepared Ru catalyst in Example 1.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a graph showing the thermogravimetric test data of the Ru catalyst stored for about 3 years in Example 2.

[0032] Figure 3 This is the thermogravimetric test data diagram of the newly prepared Ir catalyst in Example 2.

[0033] Figure 4 This is a graph showing the thermogravimetric test data of the Ir catalyst stored for about 10 years in Example 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following are examples to further illustrate the present invention:

[0035] Embodiment 1:

[0036] The test sample is Ru / Al 2 O 3 Catalyst material, in which the Ru content is 24%, calculate the weight gain mass fraction ω after the Ru in the catalyst is completely oxidized Ru-O2 It is 7.60%.

[0037] The thermogravimetric test procedure was as follows: Ar atmosphere gas flow rate 300 mL / min, purge for 1 h, heating rate 5 °C / min, heating to 400 °C, constant temperature for 10 min, changing the atmosphere to air 100 mL / min, constant temperature for 30 min.

[0038] Figure 1 The thermogravimetric test data of the catalyst material is shown in Figure 2, where the lowest value of the inert atmosphere mass fraction is ω 1 The highest value of air atmosphere mass fraction is 98.54%. 2 is 103.16%, and the weight gain of the unoxidized metal in the Ru catalyst is:

[0039] ω = (ω 2 -ω 1 ) / ω 1 =4.6885%

[0040] The oxidation rate of the metal in the Ru catalyst was calculated as:

[0041] X = [(1+ω) / (1+ω) Ru-O2 )×ω Ru-O2 -ω)] / [(1+ω) / (1+ω Ru-O2 )×ω Ru-O2 ]×100% =36.59%

[0042] Finally, the oxidation rate of metal in the Ru catalyst was detected to be 36.59%.

[0043] Embodiment 2:

[0044] Ru / Al stored for about 3 years 2 O 3 Catalyst material, in which the Ru content is 24%, calculate the weight gain mass fraction ω after the Ru in the catalyst is completely oxidized Ru-O2 It is 7.60%.

[0045] The thermogravimetric test procedure was as follows: Ar atmosphere gas flow rate 300 mL / min, purge for 1 h, heating rate 5 °C / min, heating to 400 °C, constant temperature for 10 min, changing the atmosphere to air 100 mL / min, constant temperature for 1 h.

[0046] Figure 2 The thermogravimetric test data of the catalyst material is shown in Figure 2, where the lowest value of the inert atmosphere mass fraction is ω 1 The highest value of air atmosphere mass fraction is 92.23%. 2 The weight gain of the unoxidized metal in the Ru catalyst is 95.38%.

[0047] ω = (ω 2 -ω 1 ) / ω 1 =3.4154%

[0048] The oxidation rate of the metal in the Ru catalyst was calculated as:

[0049] X = [(1+ω) / (1+ω) Ru-O2 )×ω Ru-O2 -ω)] / [(1+ω) / (1+ω Ru-O2 )×ω Ru-O2 ]×100% =53.24%

[0050] Finally, the oxidation rate of the metal in the Ru catalyst was detected to be 53.24%. It can be observed that the metal oxidation rate increased significantly with the increase of storage time.

[0051] Embodiment 3:

[0052] The test sample is Ir / Al 2 O 3 Catalyst material, in which the Ir content is 17%, calculate the weight gain mass fraction ω after the Ir in the catalyst is completely oxidized Ru-O2 It is 2.83%.

[0053] The thermogravimetric test procedure was as follows: Ar atmosphere gas flow rate 300 mL / min, purge for 1 h, heating rate 5 °C / min, heating to 500 °C, constant temperature for 10 min, changing the atmosphere to air 100 mL / min, constant temperature for 60 min.

[0054] Figure 3 The thermogravimetric test data of the catalyst material is shown in Figure 2, where the lowest value of the inert atmosphere mass fraction is ω 1 The highest value of air atmosphere mass fraction is 97.42%. 2 The weight gain of the unoxidized metal in the Ir catalyst is 98.84%.

[0055] ω = (ω 2 -ω 1 ) / ω 1 =1.4576%

[0056] The oxidation rate of the metal in the Ir catalyst was calculated as:

[0057] X = [(1+ω) / (1+ω) Ir-O2 )×ω Ir-O2 -ω)] / [(1+ω) / (1+ω Ir-O2 )×ω Ir-O2 ]×100%=47.78%

[0058] Finally, it was detected that the oxidation rate of the metal in the newly prepared Ir catalyst was 47.78%.

[0059] Embodiment 4:

[0060] The test sample is Ir / Al stored for about 10 years. 2 O 3 Catalyst material, in which the Ir content is 17%, calculate the weight gain mass fraction ω after the Ir in the catalyst is completely oxidized Ru-O2 It is 2.83%.

[0061] The thermogravimetric test procedure was as follows: Ar atmosphere gas flow rate 300 mL / min, purge for 1 h, heating rate 5 °C / min, heating to 500 °C, constant temperature for 10 min, changing the atmosphere to air 100 mL / min, constant temperature for 60 min.

[0062] Figure 4 The thermogravimetric test data of the catalyst material is shown in Figure 2, where the lowest value of the inert atmosphere mass fraction is ω 1 The highest value of air atmosphere mass fraction is 93.05%. 2 The weight gain of the unoxidized metal in the Ir catalyst is 94.30%.

[0063] ω = (ω 2 -ω 1 ) / ω 1 =1.3434%

[0064] The oxidation rate of the metal in the Ir catalyst was calculated as:

[0065] X = [(1+ω) / (1+ω) Ir-O2 )×ω Ir-O2 -ω)] / [(1+ω) / (1+ω Ir-O2 )×ω Ir-O2 ]×100%=51.83%

[0066] Finally, it was detected that the metal oxidation rate in the Ir catalyst stored for 10 years was 51.83%. It can be observed that with the increase of storage time, the metal oxidation rate increased to a certain extent.

[0067] The above-described embodiments merely express the implementation methods of the present invention, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the patent of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for rapidly evaluating the long-term storage aging degree of a monopropellant decomposition catalyst, wherein the catalyst is a monopropellant decomposition catalyst, including an Ir catalyst and a Ru catalyst, characterized in that: The method for rapidly evaluating the long-term storage aging degree of a monopropellant decomposition catalyst comprises the following steps: Step 1, according to the range of the thermogravimetric instrument, weigh 0.1g~1g of the catalyst sample into a crucible, pass an inert gas, completely replace the atmosphere in the thermogravimetric instrument with an inert atmosphere, heat to 350~550°C, keep constant temperature for 10min~1h, and obtain the thermogravimetric test results under the inert atmosphere; replace the inert gas with air, the flow rate is 100mL / min~300mL / min, keep constant temperature for 30min~2h, and obtain the thermogravimetric test results under air atmosphere; Step 2, read the following data from the thermogravimetric test results obtained in step 1: The lowest value of the mass fraction at constant temperature in an inert atmosphere between 350°C and 550°C is recorded as ω1; The highest value of the mass fraction at constant temperature in air atmosphere between 350°C and 550°C is recorded as ω2; The weight gain mass fraction of the unoxidized metal in the catalyst is calculated by the following formula: ω = (ω2-ω1) / ω1 Where: ω is the mass fraction of the unoxidized metal weight gain in the catalyst; ω1 is the mass fraction of the lowest value at a constant temperature of 350°C to 550°C in an inert atmosphere; ω2 is the mass fraction of the highest value at a constant temperature of 350°C to 550°C in an air atmosphere; The mass fractions of Ru and Ir metal contents in the catalyst are known, denoted as ω Ru and ω Ir When the Ir catalyst is completely oxidized, it is considered to generate all IrO2, and the mass fraction of Ir gain is recorded as ω Ir-O2 ; When the Ru catalyst is completely oxidized, it is considered that all of it generates RuO2, and the Ru weight gain is ω Ru-O2 ; The Ir weight gain mass fraction ω Ir-O2 Calculated by the following formula: oh Ir-O2 = ω Ir / M Ir ×M O ×2 Where: Ir-O2 is the mass fraction of Ir catalyst completely oxidized; ω Ir is the mass fraction of the metal content in the Ir catalyst; M Ir is the atomic mass of iridium, g / mol; M O is the atomic mass of oxygen, g / mol; The Ru weight gain mass fraction ω Ru-O2 Calculated by the following formula: oh Ru-O2 = ω Ru / M Ru ×M O ×2 Where: Ru-O2 is the mass fraction of Ru catalyst completely oxidized; ω Ru is the mass fraction of metal content in Ru catalyst; M Ru is the atomic mass of iridium, g / mol; M O is the atomic mass of oxygen, g / mol; The oxidation rate of the metal in the Ir catalyst is calculated by the following method: X = [(1+ω) / (1+ω) Ir-O2 )×ω Ir-O2 -ω)] / [(1+ω) / (1+ω) Ir-O2 )×ω Ir-O2 ]×100%; The oxidation rate of the metal in the Ru catalyst is calculated by the following method: X = [(1+ω) / (1+ω) Ru-O2 )×ω Ru-O2 -ω)] / [(1+ω) / (1+ω) Ru-O2 )×ω Ru-O2 ]×100%.

2. The method for rapid evaluation of the long-term storage aging degree of a monopropellant decomposition catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 1, the flow rate of the inert gas is 100 mL / min~300 mL / min, the purge time is 30 min~2 h, and the heating rate under the inert atmosphere is 2~20 ° C / min.

3. The method for rapid evaluation of the long-term storage aging degree of a monopropellant decomposition catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 1, the flow rate of air is 100 mL / min to 300 mL / min, and the purge time is 30 min to 2 h.

4. The method for rapid evaluation of the long-term storage aging degree of a monopropellant decomposition catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: For the Ir catalyst, the temperature when the atmosphere is air is 450°C~550°C.

5. A rapid evaluation test method for the long-term storage aging degree of a monopropellant decomposition catalyst according to claim 4, characterized in that: For the Ir catalyst, the temperature was 500°C when the atmosphere was air.

6. The method for rapid evaluation of the long-term storage aging degree of a monopropellant decomposition catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: For the Ru catalyst, the temperature is 350°C~450°C when the atmosphere is air.

7. A rapid evaluation test method for the long-term storage aging degree of a monopropellant decomposition catalyst according to claim 6, characterized in that: For the Ru catalyst, the temperature was 400°C when the atmosphere was air.

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