Detection method for distinguishing egg shells of galliformes and gooses
Through infrared spectral detection and first-order derivative processing, combined with cluster analysis, the problem of distinguishing the eggshells of the genus Giantiformes was solved, and the accurate identification of the species of the genus Giantiformes was achieved, and the system was used to achieve the goal of the genus Giantiformes. The subdivision of specific species is achieved in the study of birds' living environment and living status.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411470056.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-21
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-17
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies are difficult to effectively distinguish between the egg shells of the order Gianti and the goose-shaped egg shells, and cannot accurately distinguish specific species in the order Gianti, which limits the study of birds' living environment and wild survival status.
The inner membrane of the egg shell of birds was detected by infrared spectrometer. Through first-order derivative processing and cluster analysis, the infrared spectral data characteristics of the egg shell inner membrane were used to distinguish the order of galliformes and the order of gooses, and the specific content of the order of the order of galliformes was achieved. Species identification.
It realizes accurate identification of species of the Orochia and the Orochia, which is simple and efficient, provides reliable data on the living environment and wild living conditions of birds, and has important protection significance.
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Figure CN119147495A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of bird species research, and in particular to an egg shell detection method for distinguishing Galliformes from Anseriformes. Background Art
[0002] The eggshell of birds can provide a relatively independent growth environment for the embryo, protect it from adverse external factors and enable the embryo to develop normally. There is an eggshell inner membrane inside the eggshell, which is a fibrous membrane located between the eggshell and the egg white. The eggshell inner membrane is a semi-permeable hydrophilic bioactive membrane with good air permeability and moisture retention. Its main component is protein. The eggshell inner membranes of different bird species have different protein structures. The higher the similarity of the protein structure of the eggshell, the closer the relationship. Therefore, the study of the eggshell inner membrane can provide valuable scientific data for the research in the fields of geographical distribution, systematic evolution and classification of birds.
[0003] This application is based on the differential analysis of eggshell inner membrane proteins to create a new eggshell detection method for distinguishing Galliformes from Anseriformes. It can use the infrared spectral data characteristics of the eggshell inner membrane to analyze and identify bird species, accurately distinguish Galliformes from Anseriformes, and distinguish specific species within Galliformes, providing favorable support for studying the living environment of birds and tracking the survival status of birds in the wild. Summary of the invention
[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an eggshell detection method for distinguishing Galliformes and Anseriformes, so that it can analyze and identify bird species by using the infrared spectrum data characteristics of the eggshell inner membrane, accurately distinguish Galliformes and Anseriformes, and distinguish specific species within Galliformes, providing favorable support for studying the living environment of birds and tracking the survival status of birds in the wild.
[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an eggshell detection method for distinguishing Galliformes from Anseriformes, the method comprising the following steps:
[0006] (1) taking a bird egg shell block with an inner membrane as the egg shell sample to be tested;
[0007] (2) Use an infrared spectrometer to perform infrared spectrum detection on the eggshell sample to be tested, wherein the infrared spectrometer uses an ATR accessory equipped with a diamond crystal, and the inner membrane side of the eggshell sample to be tested is placed on the diamond crystal of the ATR accessory and pressed tightly, completing the measurement range of 4000cm -1 -400cm -1 The infrared spectrum test is carried out to obtain the original spectrum data of the eggshell sample to be tested;
[0008] (3) performing first-order derivative processing on the original spectral data of the eggshell sample to be tested to obtain first-order spectral data;
[0009] (4) Cluster analysis is then performed on the first-guide spectral data obtained in step (3) and the data in the bird eggshell infrared spectrum clustering database to obtain a clustering result of the eggshell sample to be tested, and then a conclusion is drawn as to whether the eggshell sample to be tested belongs to the Galliformes eggshell or the Anseriformes eggshell.
[0010] As a further improvement, the pretreatment method of the egg shell sample to be tested is: taking several small pieces from the egg shell to be tested, then fully soaking them in double distilled water and washing them, and then naturally air-drying them to obtain egg shell pieces with inner membranes.
[0011] According to a further improvement, the bird eggshell infrared spectrum clustering database is obtained from eggshells of different species of Galliformes and Anseriformes, wherein the eggshells of different species are processed by the steps (1), (2), and (3) respectively to obtain first-order derivative processed first-order spectrum data of the eggshells of different species, and then cluster analysis is performed on the first-order spectrum data using OPUS spectrum analysis software to obtain the bird eggshell infrared spectrum clustering database.
[0012] As a further improvement, the bird eggshell infrared spectrum clustering database is iteratively updated by continuously expanding the sample size.
[0013] As a further improvement, the cluster analysis method adopts the Euclidean distance standard method for processing and analysis, and the clustering results are represented by a cluster dendrogram.
[0014] Further improvement, when the infrared spectrometer detects, the resolution is 2cm-1 and the number of scans is 32 times.
[0015] As a further improvement, the clustering results of the eggshell samples to be tested obtained in step (4) also include detailed identification of specific species in the Galliformes.
[0016] After adopting such a design, the present invention has at least the following advantages:
[0017] The eggshell detection method for distinguishing Galliformes from Anseriformes of the present invention performs infrared spectroscopy detection on the inner membrane of bird eggshell blocks, utilizes the difference in characteristic absorption bands of protein-related functional groups in the inner membranes of eggshells of different materials, and processes the first-order derivative of spectral data, so as to achieve species identification of Galliformes and Anseriformes, and also achieve identification of specific species in Galliformes, with accurate results and simple methods, which is beneficial to bird research, provides effective and reliable data for the living environment of birds and tracking the survival status of birds in the wild, and is of great significance to protecting birds. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] The above is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.
[0019] Figure 1 It is the infrared spectra of eggshell samples of different species of Galliformes in the embodiments of the present invention.
[0020] Figure 2 It is the infrared spectra of eggshell samples of different species of Anseriformes in the embodiments of the present invention.
[0021] Figure 3 It is the cluster analysis result performed using the original infrared spectrum data of different bird species in the embodiment of the present invention.
[0022] Figure 4 The different species of Galliformes in the embodiment of the present invention are at 2400cm -1 ~3500cm -1 First derivative infrared spectrum.
[0023] Figure 5 The different species of Galliformes in the embodiment of the present invention are at 800 cm -1 ~2000cm -1 First derivative infrared spectrum of .
[0024] Figure 6 The different species of Anseriformes in the embodiment of the present invention are at 2400cm -1 ~3500cm -1 First derivative infrared spectrum of .
[0025] Figure 7 The different species of Anseriformes in the embodiment of the present invention are at 800 cm -1 ~2000cm -1 First derivative infrared spectrum of .
[0026] Figure 8 It is the cluster analysis result of using infrared spectrum data of different bird species in the embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0027] The exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided in order to enable a more thorough understanding of the present invention and to fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art. The specific embodiments are as follows:
[0028] In this embodiment, the infrared spectrum clustering database of bird eggshells is established using eggshells of different species of Galliformes and Anseriformes. The specific establishment steps are as follows.
[0029] 1. Experimental content
[0030] 1.1 Main instruments and reagents
[0031] The test was conducted using a BRUKER INVEN IOS infrared spectrometer equipped with a diamond crystal ATR accessory. The test conditions were: measurement range 4000cm -1 ~400cm -1 , resolution 2cm -1 , scanning times 32 times; all reagents were analytically pure and the experimental water was double distilled water.
[0032] 1.2 Experimental materials and pretreatment
[0033] Experimental materials: egg shells of white-crowned pheasant, partridge, Hamman's pheasant, brown-haired pheasant, white pheasant, silver pheasant, blue pheasant, green peacock, white-eyed pochard, mandarin duck, red-billed pochard, swan, Canada goose, green-tailed pheasant in Fengtongzhai, mallard, and egg shells of blue-headed pochard in Wuhan, Hubei.
[0034] Sample processing: The eggshell specimens of each species were all naturally hatched eggshells. After collection, the eggshells were air-dried, numbered, and placed in a sealed bag and stored at room temperature. In the experiment, several small pieces were taken from the same part of the eggshell, soaked and washed in double distilled water, and then naturally air-dried to obtain eggshell pieces with inner membranes of different species for later use.
[0035] 1.3 Experimental methods
[0036] The spectral analysis of different eggshell samples was performed using a BRUKER I NVEN IOS infrared spectrometer. Specifically, eggshell blocks with inner membranes of different species were taken, and the membrane side was placed on a diamond crystal and pressed tightly, and then tested separately to obtain the original infrared spectrum data of different eggshell samples.
[0037] The original infrared spectrum data of different eggshell samples are then subjected to first-order derivative processing to obtain first-derived spectrum data.
[0038] 1.4 Test results
[0039] Figure 1 Shown are infrared spectra of eggshell samples of different species of Galliformes. Figure 2The infrared spectra of eggshell samples of different species of Anseriformes are shown. Table 1 shows the main characteristic absorption bands in the infrared spectrum of bird eggshell and their attribution. This example focuses on the analysis of amide I band (1634cm-1), amide II band (1538cm-1), amide III band (1306cm-1 and 1236cm-1) and CO stretching vibration band (1075cm-1) to infer the functional groups related to the protein structure of eggshell membrane.
[0040] from Figure 1 , 2 As can be seen from Table 1, the main peaks are all bird eggshell inner membrane protein peaks. The peak positions and peak intensities of the infrared spectra of different Galliformes species are relatively similar, and there are obvious differences in peak positions and peak intensities between Galliformes species and Anseriformes species.
[0041] Table 1 Main characteristic absorption bands and their attributions in the infrared spectrum of eggshell inner membrane
[0042]
[0043]
[0044] 1.5 Results Analysis
[0045] by Figure 1 , Figure 2 The infrared spectrum data of different bird species were clustered using OPUS spectral analysis software. The results are shown in Figure 3 .
[0046] Figure 3 The cluster analysis results using the original infrared spectrum data of different bird species are shown. From the cluster analysis results, it can be seen that this method cannot clearly distinguish between Galliformes and Anseriformes species, and the cluster analysis results have no reference significance.
[0047] In order to further enhance the distinction of infrared spectra between different species, this embodiment performs first-order derivative processing on the infrared spectrum data obtained from the eggshells of Galliformes and Anseriformes. Figure 4 Showing different species of Galliformes at 2400 cm -1 ~3500cm -1 The first derivative infrared spectrum of Figure 5 Showing the different species of Galliformes at 800 cm -1 ~2000cm -1 First derivative infrared spectrum of . Figure 6 Showing different species of Anseriformes at 2400cm -1 ~3500cm -1 The first derivative infrared spectrum of Figure 7 Showing different species of Anseriformes at 800 cm-1 ~2000cm -1 First derivative infrared spectrum of .
[0048] from Figure 4 and Figure 6 It can be seen that the spectrum after first-order derivative processing changes particularly significantly in the range of 2400cm-1 to 3500cm-1, which helps to observe the differences related to OH and NH stretching vibrations. Specifically, after the infrared spectrum data is processed by first-order derivative, the peak position of the Galliformes species is slightly shifted, but the peak intensity of the Anseriformes species is significantly stronger, indicating that the first-order derivative processing helps to eliminate baseline drift and enhance the resolution of weak absorption peaks. This shows that the corresponding functional group content in the Anseriformes species is higher, highlighting the difference between the Galliformes and Anseriformes species.
[0049] Then from Figure 5 and Figure 7 It can be seen that compared with Galliformes, Anseriformes has a higher infrared spectrum at 1538 cm -1 There is an additional peak nearby, at 1075cm -1 The peak intensity near the upper and lower edges is stronger. This also shows that after the first-order derivative treatment, the infrared spectra of the eggshells of Galliformes and Anseriformes have more obvious differences.
[0050] On this basis, the processed spectral data of different bird species were clustered using OPUS spectral analysis software and standard Euclidean distance cluster analysis method. By calculating the spectral similarity between samples, a cluster dendrogram was generated to intuitively display the molecular structure differences between different species. Figure 8 Among them, the spectral peak position, peak intensity and derivative spectral changes of each test sample were compared by quantitative analysis and discussed in combination with the cluster analysis results. All data results were averaged from three independent experiments to ensure the repeatability of the experiment and the accuracy of the data.
[0051] from Figure 8 It can be clearly seen that the infrared spectrum data of eggshells of different bird species after first-order derivative processing can clearly distinguish the species of Galliformes and Anseriformes through cluster analysis, and can also achieve a more detailed effect on the specific species of Galliformes. The results show that the present invention first uses infrared spectroscopy to obtain the original infrared spectrum data of the eggshell sample, then performs first-order derivative processing on the original infrared spectrum data, and performs cluster analysis on the first-order spectrum data, which can achieve a clear distinction between Galliformes and Anseriformes species, as well as further subdivision on the specific species of Galliformes.
[0052] Then, by detecting different bird species using the above method, a bird eggshell infrared spectrum clustering database can be established, which can be used to provide a favorable basis for the subsequent differentiation and identification of bird eggshells.
[0053] Furthermore, the bird eggshell infrared spectrum clustering database constructed in this embodiment can be iteratively updated through the subsequent continuous expansion of sample size, making it more comprehensive and accurate.
[0054] In this embodiment, the specific method for identifying Galliformes and Anseriformes eggshells by using the above-established bird eggshell infrared spectrum clustering database includes the following steps:
[0055] (1) Collect the bird eggshells to be identified and obtain the eggshell samples with inner membranes to be tested after the above-mentioned pretreatment steps.
[0056] (2) Use an infrared spectrometer to perform infrared spectrum detection on the eggshell sample to be tested, and the measurement range is 4000cm -1 -400cm -1 The original infrared spectrum data;
[0057] (3) performing first-order derivative processing on the original spectral data of the eggshell sample to be tested to obtain first-order spectral data;
[0058] (4) Cluster analysis is then performed on the obtained first-guide spectral data and the data in the bird eggshell infrared spectrum clustering database to obtain the clustering result of the eggshell sample to be tested. From the clustering result, it can be concluded whether the eggshell sample to be tested belongs to the Galliformes eggshell or the Anseriformes eggshell. If it is a Galliformes eggshell, the classification of the specific Galliformes species can also be obtained.
[0059] The eggshell detection method of the present invention can realize the identification of Galliformes and Anseriformes species, and can also realize the identification of specific species in Galliformes. The result is accurate and the method is simple, which is conducive to the later classification research for distinguishing Galliformes and Anseriformes species, provides effective and reliable data for the living environment of birds and tracks the survival status of birds in the wild, and is of great significance to the protection of birds.
[0060] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Those skilled in the art may make some simple modifications, equivalent changes or modifications using the technical contents disclosed above, which all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. An eggshell detection method for distinguishing Galliformes from Anseriformes, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: (1) taking a bird egg shell block with an inner membrane as the egg shell sample to be tested; (2) Use an infrared spectrometer to perform infrared spectrum detection on the eggshell sample to be tested, wherein the infrared spectrometer uses an ATR accessory equipped with a diamond crystal, and the inner membrane side of the eggshell sample to be tested is placed on the diamond crystal of the ATR accessory and pressed tightly, completing the measurement range of 4000cm -1 -400cm -1 The infrared spectrum test is carried out to obtain the original spectrum data of the eggshell sample to be tested; (3) performing first-order derivative processing on the original spectral data of the eggshell sample to be tested to obtain first-order spectral data; (4) Cluster analysis is then performed on the first-guide spectral data obtained in step (3) and the data in the bird eggshell infrared spectrum clustering database to obtain a clustering result of the eggshell sample to be tested, and then a conclusion is drawn as to whether the eggshell sample to be tested belongs to the Galliformes eggshell or the Anseriformes eggshell.
2. The eggshell detection method for distinguishing Galliformes from Anseriformes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pretreatment method of the egg shell sample to be tested is: taking several small pieces from the egg shell to be tested, then fully soaking them in double distilled water and washing them, and then naturally air-drying them to obtain egg shell pieces with inner membranes.
3. The eggshell detection method for distinguishing Galliformes from Anseriformes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bird eggshell infrared spectrum clustering database is obtained from eggshells of different species of Galliformes and Anseriformes, wherein the eggshells of different species are processed by the steps (1), (2), and (3) respectively to obtain first-order derivative processed first-order spectrum data of the eggshells of different species, and then cluster analysis is performed on the first-order spectrum data using OPUS spectrum analysis software to obtain the bird eggshell infrared spectrum clustering database.
4. The eggshell detection method for distinguishing Galliformes from Anseriformes according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bird eggshell infrared spectrum clustering database is iteratively updated by continuously expanding the sample size.
5. The eggshell detection method for distinguishing Galliformes from Anseriformes according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cluster analysis method adopts the Euclidean distance standard method for processing and analysis, and the clustering result is represented by a cluster dendrogram.
6. The eggshell detection method for distinguishing Galliformes from Anseriformes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The infrared spectrometer has a resolution of 2 cm -1 , the number of scans is 32 times.
7. The eggshell detection method for distinguishing Galliformes from Anseriformes according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The clustering results of the eggshell samples to be tested obtained in step (4) also include detailed identification of specific species in the Galliformes.