Tamarix chinensis habitat system carbon distribution and influence factor analysis method and system

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of carbon neutralization, and discloses a tamarix chinensis habitat system carbon distribution and influence factor analysis method and system. According to a small habitat system of element circulation of leaves, branches, trunks, roots and soil under the roots of tamarix chinensis, a three-dimensional anatomical fine measurement method is provided, carbon capture, migration and burying are taken as targets, and carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, magnesium and calcium elements closely related to growth and metabolism of tamarix chinensis are mainly measured. The carbon sequestration capability of each organ of tamarix chinensis and the soil organic carbon burying rate are evaluated, and the carbon sequestration key process and the carbon storage mechanism of tamarix chinensis are disclosed. A new thought is provided for the future coastal wetland plant-soil carbon storage process and saline-alkali soil ecological restoration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of carbon neutrality, and in particular relates to a method and system for analyzing carbon allocation and influencing factors in a Tamarix habitat system. Background Art

[0002] Tamarix chinensis (hereinafter referred to as Tamarix) is a shrub or small tree of the genus Tamarix in the family Tamarix. It is widely distributed in northern coastal wetlands, mudflats and other areas. It is one of the important species of China's "Southern Red and Northern Willow" ecological project. It is tolerant to salt, drought, waterlogging, sand burial and barrenness. In coastal saline soil areas, Tamarix, as a typical salt-secreting plant, can regulate salt balance by excreting excess salt through salt glands, effectively promoting the improvement and utilization of coastal saline soil. The successful experience of planting Tamarix in Weifang Binhai District to promote saline-alkali land ecological restoration shows that this species has the advantage of large-scale cultivation and promotion.

[0003] A large area of ​​natural Tamarix grows on the mudflats of the Yellow River Delta, playing an important role in maintaining the stability of the coastal ecosystem. In the modern Yellow River Delta wetland area, Tamarix has a greater advantage in photosynthetic cycle than Suaeda salsa and Phragmites australis, which have a larger distribution range. Changes in soil salinity, moisture, nutrients and other factors in the saline-alkali area of ​​the Yellow River Delta will affect the physiological and ecological processes, photosynthetic efficiency, morphological characteristics and carbon storage capacity of various organs of Tamarix. In addition, Tamarix forests are an important part of the coastal biological carbon pool, and coastal Tamarix forests are not included in existing carbon sink transactions.

[0004] Current research status and development trends.

[0005] (1) Current status of research on ecological characteristics and carbon storage of Tamarix chinensis.

[0006] The soil in the Yellow River Delta has low nutrient content, high salt content, uneven salinization distribution, and lack of freshwater resources. Soil salt stress affects plant growth and development, the transport process of nutrients, and other physiological and metabolic activities. Tamarix, as a salt-secreting halophyte, can grow under salt stress. It is one of the early successional species in the estuary and riparian zone and is widely distributed in the coastal saline-alkali land and wetland habitats of the Yellow River Delta. The Tamarix shrub-grass community can increase the water content and water storage capacity of the surface soil and has an enrichment effect on soil salt. Specifically, the closer to the Tamarix plant, the higher the soil salinity. With the changes in soil salinity, there is local variability in the physiological and ecological processes, photosynthesis efficiency, morphological characteristics, and distribution pattern of Tamarix in the saline-alkali land area of ​​the Yellow River Delta. Tamarix begins to sprout and grow in mid-April, and leaves begin to fall at the end of October. It can photosynthesize for about 140 days a year, which has obvious advantages over reed (about 90 days). There have been some investigations and studies on the distribution of organic carbon in Tamarix communities, but there is a lack of research on the mechanism linking the growth and metabolism of Tamarix with carbon fixation. Therefore, the element cycle process of each organ of Tamarix - soil and the carbon storage effect need more in-depth research.

[0007] In 2023, the present invention collected the biomass of typical salt marsh vegetation, Tamarix chinensis, Suaeda salsa, and Phragmites australis in the Yellow River Delta and conducted relevant experimental tests. The results of organic matter content measurement showed that the total organic carbon (TOC) and δ 13 There are differences and regularities in TOC: the TOC of one-year-old branches of different ages is the highest, the TOC of the trunk is the lowest, the TOC of the leaves is relatively low, the TOC of perennial branches is average, and the TOC of the roots is relatively low; the total average TOC of each organ of three Tamarix salsa trees of different ages is about 43%, and the difference is not large. The total average TOC of reed and Suaeda salsa measured in the same habitat is 33% and 39%, respectively. 13 C is the lowest, and the δ 13 C is high, the root δ 13 C is relatively high; the δ 13 The average C value showed a clear trend of decreasing with the increase of tree age. The δ 13 The average values ​​of C were -23.6‰, -25.5‰ and -27.4‰ respectively. In the soil, at a depth of 0-5cm, the TOC content of Tamarix chinensis was higher than that of Phragmites australis and Suaeda salsa, while the average organic carbon content at a depth of 5-25cm was only 0.11%.

[0008] (2) Key processes and influencing factors of carbon cycle in coastal wetlands.

[0009] Salt marsh wetlands are characterized by distinct zonal distribution of plants and low species diversity. They have very high primary and secondary productivity and a relatively fast carbon accumulation rate. Together with mangroves and seagrasses, they are collectively referred to as coastal blue carbon ecosystems.

[0010] Carbon sequestration pathways in salt marsh wetlands include organic carbon that is sequestered, transformed, and stored in coastal wetland ecosystems through plant photosynthesis, plant and animal respiration, and microbial decomposition, as well as the capture and burial of carbon by wetland vegetation in the interaction of terrestrial runoff and tides. The key biological processes for the formation of blue carbon in salt marsh wetlands include: (1) carbon sequestration by vegetation photosynthesis, which converts CO2 and water into organic matter (such as glucose) and oxygen; (2) photosynthetic carbon distribution and conversion, where the synthesized organic matter such as glucose is transported to the cells of the leaves and then to the stems and roots, while a portion of it is converted into organic compounds in different forms such as starch, cellulose, and protein and stored in the plant body; (3) rhizosphere deposition, where plant roots release organic matter into the soil through rhizosphere deposition; and (4) soil carbon loss, where carbon can migrate, deposit, and be stored at the soil-water interface under the influence of tides and hydrological processes. Soil active organic carbon includes soluble organic carbon (DOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), easily oxidized organic carbon (EOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC). Slight changes in soil carbon pools can greatly adjust the carbon balance of ecosystems and become an important factor restricting the carbon sink potential of salt marsh wetlands.

[0011] In the context of strong land-sea interactions and frequent human activities, soil organic carbon (SOC) in coastal wetlands has strong temporal and spatial heterogeneity. Wetland type and hydrological effects are key environmental factors affecting wetland soil carbon cycle. Habitat changes have significant effects on wetland soil nutrient availability, physicochemical properties and microbial community structure, which in turn leads to changes in the distribution of soil carbon components. Hydrological conditions are key factors affecting coastal wetland morphology, species distribution, productivity, sedimentation rate, pollutant transport, nutrient cycling and availability. The physicochemical properties of soil in wetland ecosystems are also controlled and maintained by hydrological conditions, water-salt distribution patterns, and fresh-salt water interactions, such as periodic tidal effects and dry-wet alternation frequency, which affect the soil carbon sequestration process.

[0012] Salt marshes and other coastal wetlands have great blue carbon potential, but the key mechanism of their carbon sequestration is still unclear. Current research focuses on the distribution of soil organic carbon components under a single environmental factor and its impact on the carbon sequestration function of salt marshes. It rarely considers the systemic impact of multiple processes and their relative contributions, and lacks a comprehensive mechanism discussion. Previous researchers have hardly touched upon the study of element cycles in the microenvironment of "plant body-root soil".

[0013] (3) Analysis of carbon storage in the Yellow River Delta wetlands.

[0014] The formation and distribution of wetland vegetation in the Yellow River Delta are significantly affected by the degree of soil salinization and the depth of soil waterlogging caused by the distance from the sea and the altitude. The salt marsh vegetation types in the estuary area are mainly hygrophytes and halophytes, showing an alternating succession of halophytes from the sea to the land and hygrophytes from the river channel to both sides, with direct succession as the main feature.

[0015] Many researchers have conducted research on soil organic carbon storage and influencing factors in the Yellow River Delta. Sampling and analysis of soil organic carbon in different landscape types in the Yellow River Delta showed that the surface soil organic carbon density of reed wetlands and tidal flats in the Yellow River estuary area ranged from 13.3 to 15.4 Mg Cha −1 It is pointed out that the tributaries of the Yellow River estuary change frequently, with alternating deposition and erosion, which is not suitable for 210 Pb dating, using historical geography and sedimentary geology dating methods to study sediment samples collected in 2007, calculated the sedimentation rate and carbon burial rate of reed and salsa wetlands. The study found that the sedimentation rate of the salt marsh wetlands in the Yellow River Delta is 3.87–9.68 cm·a –1 , while the carbon burial rate is between 586-1784 g·m –2 ·a –1 , which is much higher than the global average carbon sequestration rate of salt marshes (168 g·m –2 ·a –1 ), showing the extremely high carbon burial capacity of the coastal wetlands in the Yellow River Delta. The accumulation rate of exogenous particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) is high, and the POC accumulation rate is closely related to the plant species in the delta wetland. The POC accumulation rates of various species are from high to low: reed, salsa, and cotton. Through field soil collection, it is pointed out that due to differences in vegetation type, invasion type and climate zone, the soil organic carbon density of coastal wetlands varies greatly, and the SOC density in the Yellow River Delta is the lowest. The Yellow River Delta has a high carbon burial rate and a low SOC density. There is a lack of research that includes Tamarix wetlands in the Yellow River Delta salt marsh carbon storage assessment and explores their carbon fixation mechanism and soil organic carbon distribution pattern. Summary of the invention

[0016] In order to overcome the problems existing in the related art, the disclosed embodiments of the present invention provide a method and system for analyzing carbon allocation and influencing factors in a Tamarix chinensis habitat system.

[0017] The technical scheme is as follows: a method for analyzing carbon allocation and influencing factors in a Tamarix habitat system, including: S1, analyze the carbon storage characteristics of typical Tamarix habitat systems, select typical Tamarix to lay out sample plots, use stereoanatomical measurement methods to collect samples of various organs of Tamarix and soil profiles; test and analyze the biogeochemical elements of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, magnesium, and calcium in different components of leaves, branches, trunks, roots, and soil under the roots to obtain the carbon storage capacity of various organs of Tamarix; S2, to explore the carbon cycle mechanism of typical Tamarix habitat system, analyze the vertical carbon absorption, distribution, and burial material element cycle process of typical Tamarix habitat system; analyze the sedimentation characteristics of soil profile, quantify the changes in physical and chemical properties in soil profile, and calculate the soil carbon burial rate; obtain the effect of Tamarix rhizosphere sedimentation effect on soil, and determine the key influencing factors of organic carbon burial; obtain the relationship between the carbon distribution of various organs of Tamarix and the physical and chemical properties of soil organic carbon and various elements, and analyze the response relationship between vegetation biomass, element characteristics and various soil environmental factors; S3. Conduct a preliminary assessment of the spatiotemporal distribution and carbon storage of Tamarix forests. Based on phenology and time series remote sensing images, reconstruct the growth curve of Tamarix vegetation at the Yellow River Estuary, extract the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of salt marsh wetlands, analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of Tamarix forests, and the environmental factors affecting the distribution of Tamarix forests. Based on the carbon storage test results of typical Tamarix habitat systems, evaluate the carbon storage and carbon storage potential of Tamarix in the current wetland at the Yellow River Estuary.

[0018] In step S1, the three-dimensional anatomical measurement method is used to collect samples of various organs of Tamarix chinensis and soil profiles, including: Taking the ground as the reference, a local measurement coordinate system was constructed, with the intersection of the base stem of Tamarix chinensis and the ground as the coordinate origin, the north direction as the x-axis, the south direction as the y-axis, and the vertical direction as the z-axis; Ground sampling: In the coordinate system, the plant height, crown width, crown diameter, and number of branches are marked. Ground samples are divided and collected according to the three organs of the trunk, perennial branches, and leaves. They are collected at multiple levels according to the growth years of the branches. Each sample is spatially positioned and numbered. Underground sampling: With the base stem of Tamarix as the center, two soil profiles were set in the x-axis and y-axis directions. The control range of soil samples collected in each profile was 1m×1m underground. Sampling was carried out according to a 10cm×10cm grid. The root system was spatially positioned, and the root width, root diameter, root depth, main root, lateral root length, diameters before and after branching of roots at all levels, number of internal connections of the root system, number of external connections, and connection length indicators of the excavated sample plants were calculated until all the roots of the shrubs were dug out, and the sand, gravel and debris attached to the roots were removed. The fresh weight was measured and placed in a sealed bag.

[0019] In step S1, the biogeochemical elements of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, magnesium and calcium in different components of leaves, branches, trunks, roots and soil under the roots are tested and analyzed, including: Weigh the fresh weight of leaves, branches, stems and roots respectively, and store them in sealed bags; put the leaves, branches, stems and roots of Tamarix into an oven at 105°C for 30 minutes, dry them at 80°C to constant weight, weigh them, calculate the moisture content of each organ by fresh weight and dry weight, and deduce the biomass of each organ. Add the biomass of each organ of the standard strain to obtain the biomass of the whole plant of the standard strain; Determination of total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) in leaves, branches, stems and roots of Tamarix chinensis: Use a multifunctional plant grinder to grind the dried plant components, pass through a 100-mesh sieve, and determine using an element analyzer; Carbon isotope delta 13 C. Nitrogen isotope δ 15 N test: The extracted organic carbon and nitrogen were analyzed using an isotope mass spectrometer; Plant phosphorus, potassium, sodium, magnesium, and calcium: determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; The soil samples were air-dried to remove coarse debris and stones, ground and passed through a 100-mesh sieve, and the soil physical and chemical properties, soil organic carbon and its components, and soil main element indicators were determined; (1) Determination of soil physical and chemical properties Determination of soil bulk density BD and soil water content SWC: The soil sample was placed in an aluminum box and dried in an oven at 105°C until constant weight was measured; Determine soil electrical conductivity (EC), pH, and soil salinity: Use a pen-type conductivity meter, a portable pH tester, and a pen-type digital display salinity meter for on-site measurements; Particle size detection: Take the sample and add it into pure water, add sodium hexametaphosphate solution, soak, stir, ultrasonically vibrate, add high-speed centrifugation, measure the particle size by laser particle size analyzer, and then calculate the particle size parameters; (2) Determination of soil organic carbon and its components Total carbon TC, total nitrogen TN: freeze-dried soil samples sieved through 100 mesh were tested using an element analyzer; Soil organic carbon SOC and organic nitrogen ON: Weigh about 0.5 g of the sample after freeze-drying and passing through a 100-mesh sieve, remove inorganic carbon, wash with acid, freeze-dry, and measure using an element analyzer; Soluble organic carbon DOC: Weigh the freeze-dried and sieved soil sample, add potassium sulfate solution, shake on a reciprocating oscillator, let it stand and filter the supernatant, and measure it with a total organic carbon analyzer. Measure the blank sample and standard sample at the same time; Microbial biomass carbon (MBC): measured by chloroform fumigation method and total organic carbon analyzer; Easily oxidizable organic carbon (EOC): weigh a sample with a carbon content in the range of 15-30 mg, add KMnO4, shake, centrifuge, take the supernatant and dilute it with deionized water at a ratio of 1:500, and compare the color at 565 nm; Particulate organic carbon (POC): weigh the sieved soil sample, add sodium hexametaphosphate, shake at 25°C, 90 r / min, and then sieve it. Rinse until the filtrate is colorless and clear. Collect the residue, dry it to constant weight, calculate the proportion in the soil, and combine it with the measured soil organic carbon content to calculate the particulate organic carbon content. (3) Determination of main elements in soil Total phosphorus TP: measured by colorimetry using a UV-visible spectrophotometer; Soluble ions: Soil Cl was determined by ion chromatography － 、SO4 2－ Atomic absorption spectrophotometry combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to determine soil K + , Ca 2+ 、Na + Mg 2+ Content; HCO is determined by standard H2SO4 titration method 3－ content; (4) Determination of loss on ignition (LOI) The sample is burned in a muffle furnace at 450°C for 4-8 hours to determine the sample's mass loss, oxidation or loss in the form of gas or volatilization; the sample is used for organic carbon analysis using an elemental analyzer to construct an equation for the organic matter content and the organic carbon content of the same sample; In step S2, the sedimentary characteristics of the soil profile are analyzed, including: Based on the typical locations finally selected, combined with the restoration of the change process through satellite analysis, the formation age of the soil in the research experimental area was determined, and shallow drill samples were obtained at the measuring points for stratigraphic analysis.

[0020] In step S2, the key influencing factors of organic carbon burial are determined; the relationship between the carbon distribution of various organs of Tamarix chinensis and the physical and chemical properties of soil organic carbon and various elements is obtained, and the response relationship between vegetation biomass, element characteristics and various soil environmental factors is analyzed, including: SPSS 25 was used to calculate the Pearson correlation coefficient, analyze the correlations among SOC, TN, salinity, electrical conductivity, soil pH, elements and clay content, and establish a regression equation. The applicability of the equation was judged by comparing its accuracy. One-way analysis of variance was used to test the differences in soil organic carbon content among different plots and depths. CANOCO 5 was used to conduct multivariate statistical analysis on vegetation carbon storage and soil physical and chemical parameters to explore the response relationships between vegetation biomass, element characteristics and soil environmental factors.

[0021] Furthermore, in the LOI determination, the ignition loss percentage is calculated as follows: Ignition weight loss percentage = [(dry weight before combustion - weight after combustion) / dry weight before combustion] ´ 100; The equation for organic matter content and organic carbon content of the same sample is: Inorganic Carbon: SIC=TC-SOC ; in, SIC For inorganic carbon, TC is the total carbon, SOC Soil organic carbon.

[0022] In step S3, based on phenology and time series remote sensing images, the growth curve of Tamarix chinensis vegetation at the mouth of the Yellow River is reconstructed, including: (1) ETM+ and OLI images from one year before and after the target year are used to reconstruct an image set for one year according to the time code; (2) 80 sample points were collected from Tamarix chinensis, Suaeda salsa, Spartina alterniflora, and Phragmites australis, and seven spectral index values ​​were extracted from the time series of the sample points, including the normalized difference vegetation index NDVI, enhanced vegetation index EVI, normalized difference water index NDWI, modified normalized water index MNDWI, vegetation water content index LSWI, normalized difference turbidity index NDTI, and green chlorophyll vegetation index GCVI; (3) The growth curve is obtained by smoothing through SG filtering; (4) Threshold segmentation was performed based on the different start and end times of the growth period of Tamarix, Suaeda salsa, Spartina alterniflora, and Phragmites australis, as well as the differences in spectral indices during the maturity period.

[0023] In step S3, the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of the salt marsh wetland are extracted, and the spatial distribution characteristics of the Tamarix forest are analyzed, including: The Landsat vegetation index and water-related spectral index based on time series are used to train the thresholds for extracting water bodies and vegetation using a small amount of training data sets, and the vegetation frequency and water body frequency are calculated to classify the intertidal vegetation coverage area and the light beach. Based on phenology and time series remote sensing images, the green chlorophyll vegetation index (GCVI) and normalized difference turbidity index (NDTI) were applied to the classification of salt marsh vegetation, and the growth curve of Tamarix chinensis vegetation at the mouth of the Yellow River was reconstructed.

[0024] In step S3, the environmental factors affecting the distribution of Tamarix chinensis forests include: Through structural equation modeling, the direct and indirect effects of driving factors such as soil physical and chemical properties, climate, and hydrology on the carbon storage of Tamarix forests were analyzed.

[0025] Another object of the present invention is to provide a system for analyzing carbon allocation and influencing factors of a Tamarix chinensis habitat system. The system is implemented by the method for analyzing carbon allocation and influencing factors of a Tamarix chinensis habitat system. The system comprises: The carbon storage characteristics analysis module of the typical Tamarix habitat system is used to select typical Tamarix to lay out sample plots, and use the stereoscopic anatomical measurement method to collect samples of various organs of Tamarix and soil profiles; test and analyze the biogeochemical elements of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, magnesium, and calcium in different components of leaves, branches, trunks, roots, and soil under the roots to obtain the carbon storage of various organs of Tamarix; The carbon cycle mechanism analysis module of the typical Tamarix habitat system is used to analyze the carbon absorption, distribution, and burial material element cycle process in the typical Tamarix habitat system in the vertical direction; analyze the sedimentation characteristics of the soil profile, quantify the changes in the physical and chemical properties in the soil profile, and calculate the soil carbon burial rate; obtain the effect of the Tamarix rhizosphere sedimentation effect on the soil and determine the key influencing factors of organic carbon burial; obtain the carbon distribution of each organ of Tamarix and the relationship between the physical and chemical properties of soil organic carbon and various elements, and analyze the response relationship between vegetation biomass, element characteristics and various soil environmental factors; The module for the preliminary assessment of the spatiotemporal distribution patterns and carbon storage of Tamarix forests is used to conduct a preliminary assessment of the spatiotemporal distribution patterns and carbon storage of Tamarix forests. Based on phenology and time series remote sensing images, the growth curve of Tamarix vegetation at the Yellow River Estuary is reconstructed, the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of salt marsh wetlands are extracted, and the spatial distribution characteristics of Tamarix forests and the environmental factors affecting the distribution of Tamarix forests are analyzed. Based on the carbon storage test results of typical Tamarix habitat systems, the carbon storage and carbon storage potential of Tamarix in the current wetlands at the Yellow River Estuary are assessed.

[0026] Combining all the above technical solutions, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: Based on the previous experimental work, the present invention proposes a "stereoanatomical" fine measurement method based on the small habitat system of the "leaves, branches, trunks, roots, and soil under the roots" element cycle of Tamarix, with carbon capture, migration, and burial as the goal, focusing on measuring carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, magnesium, and calcium elements that are closely related to the growth and metabolism of Tamarix. Evaluate the carbon fixation capacity of each Tamarix organ and the soil organic carbon burial rate, and reveal the key carbon sink process and carbon storage mechanism of Tamarix. Provide a new idea for the future coastal wetland plant-soil carbon storage process and saline-alkali land ecological restoration.

[0027] Coastal wetland ecosystems have a huge amount of carbon sequestration, high carbon sequestration efficiency, and a long carbon storage cycle. The soil organic carbon accumulation rate of estuarine wetlands is significantly higher, and its annual average organic carbon sequestration capacity per unit area is more than twice that of inland wetlands, playing an important role in regulating the global carbon cycle. Under the background of "dual carbon", the existing natural vegetation carbon pool on land cannot be included in the future carbon sink system. Only new carbon sinks added through scientific and technological innovation can enter carbon trading. By quantifying the carbon sink capacity of Tamarix, determining its value in carbon credit trading, promoting the implementation of carbon reduction and carbon sink projects based on natural solutions, and incorporating Tamarix into the domestically and internationally recognized carbon sink accounting system. Then, economic benefits can be achieved through the carbon trading market. Carbon sink certification and trading will also promote enterprises and organizations to invest in Tamarix planting and protection, forming a virtuous circle, achieving a win-win situation for ecology and economy, and promoting the development of related industries and technologies.

[0028] At present, the research on coastal blue carbon rarely considers the systemic impact of multiple processes and their relative contributions, and lacks comprehensive mechanism discussion. The present invention can reveal the mechanism of carbon circulation from photosynthesis-plant body-soil by studying the carbon storage effect of the vertical "leaves→branches→stems→roots→soil under the roots" of Tamarix chinensis; comprehensively measure the collected soil samples, obtain the organic carbon content data of soils at different depths, and combine with geochronological methods to determine the age and deposition rate of the sedimentary layer, calculate the vertical burial rate of organic carbon, quantify the carbon sink capacity of the wetland, and evaluate the carbon storage capacity of the wetland.

[0029] The inclusion of Tamarix wetland in the current estuary wetland of the Yellow River, a typical area with strong land-sea interaction and high salinization risk, is relatively scarce in carbon storage assessment research, and there is a lack of in-depth discussion of its carbon fixation mechanism. The present invention systematically and comprehensively analyzes the mechanism of element circulation and carbon allocation in the microenvironment of Tamarix "plant body-root soil". A "stereoanatomical" test method for typical plant habitat systems is established. Through the key element test and analysis of Tamarix leaves, branches, stems, roots and root soil, the element cycle process and law of the Tamarix habitat system are revealed, the carbon allocation in the "photosynthesis-organism-root soil" system is explored, and the carbon storage efficiency and environmental value of Tamarix are clarified. In addition, based on phenology and time series remote sensing images, the growth curve of typical salt marsh vegetation in the Bohai Rim is reconstructed, and the green chlorophyll vegetation index GCVI and the normalized difference turbidity index NDTI are applied to the phenological classification of salt marsh vegetation for the first time. The results are better than the normalized vegetation index NDVI and the enhanced vegetation index EVI.

[0030] At present, there is a lack of systematic and comprehensive research on the key processes of blue carbon in salt marsh wetlands, and there has been little research on the mechanism of elemental cycling and carbon allocation in the microenvironment of "plant body-root soil" of Tamarix. This program proposes a "stereoanatomical" fine measurement method to evaluate the key processes of carbon allocation, carbon burial and carbon sink of typical Tamarix from a microscopic perspective; based on phenology and time series images, the evolution trend of Tamarix at the mouth of the Yellow River in the past 30 years is studied from a macroscopic perspective; combining micro and macro, the carbon storage potential of Tamarix forest at the mouth of the Yellow River is explored. It provides a new idea for the future coastal wetland plant-soil carbon storage process and saline-alkali land ecological restoration. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] The accompanying drawings herein are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure, and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure; Figure 1 is a flow chart of a method for analyzing carbon allocation and influencing factors in a Tamarix habitat system provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the key process of carbon exchange in Tamarix chinensis wetland provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3It is a schematic diagram of a method for analyzing carbon allocation and influencing factors in a Tamarix habitat system provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the segmentation of soil sampling points under the crown of Tamarix chinensis provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the connotation of the present invention, so the present invention is not limited by the specific implementation disclosed below.

[0033] The innovation of the present invention is that, based on the classification of salt marsh features in the Yellow River Delta, the present invention collects samples of various organs of Tamarix and soil profiles through a field "stereoanatomical" method, providing fine three-dimensional spatial data for studying the vertical carbon absorption, distribution, and burial efficiency of the Tamarix habitat system. On this basis, the influence of the Tamarix rhizosphere deposition effect on the soil and the response relationship between plant growth and various soil environmental factors are explored, deepening the material circulation process and mechanism between "plants and soil". The main innovations are: (1) A "stereoanatomical" measurement method for plant habitat systems was proposed to study the carbon storage effect of the vertical "leaf→branch→trunk→root→soil under the roots" habitat system, as well as the response between plant growth and various soil environmental factors, to explore the key carbon sequestration processes of Tamarix chinensis and the element cycle processes and mechanisms between plants and soil. This research result is expected to gain new insights into the principles of plant carbon storage; (2) Based on phenological and time series remote sensing image data, GCVI and NDTI were applied to the classification of salt marsh vegetation for the first time, and the distribution characteristics of Tamarix chinensis forests at the Yellow River Estuary were extracted. Combined with the carbon storage test results of typical Tamarix chinensis habitat systems, the carbon storage and carbon storage potential of Tamarix chinensis in the current wetland at the Yellow River Estuary were evaluated by combining micro and macro observations. The present invention collects the biomass of typical salt marsh vegetation, Tamarix salsa, and Phragmites australis in the Yellow River Delta and conducts preliminary test analysis results, which show that the "stereoanatomical" measurement method proposed by the present invention is feasible. By analyzing the carbon storage effect of the vertical "leaves, branches, trunks, roots, and soil under the roots" of Tamarix salsa, as well as the response between plant growth and various soil environmental factors, the mechanism of carbon circulation from photosynthesis-plant body-soil can be revealed. The present invention improves and improves the stereoanatomical measurement method.

[0034] The method for analyzing carbon allocation and influencing factors of the Tamarix habitat system provided by the embodiment of the present invention further proposes: (1) Analysis of carbon storage characteristics of typical Tamarix habitat systems: In the Tamarix forests that have been developing stably in the Yellow River Estuary area, typical Tamarix samples were selected to set up sample plots, and the "stereoanatomical" sampling method was used to collect samples of various organs of Tamarix and soil profiles. The biogeochemical elements mainly including carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, magnesium and calcium in different components of leaves, branches, trunks, roots and soil under the roots were tested and analyzed to obtain the carbon storage of various organs of Tamarix; (2) Discussion on the carbon cycle mechanism of typical Tamarix habitat system: Analyze the vertical carbon absorption, distribution, burial and other material element cycle processes in typical Tamarix habitat system; analyze the sedimentation characteristics of soil profile, quantify the changes in physical and chemical properties in soil profile, and calculate the soil carbon burial rate; obtain the effect of Tamarix rhizosphere sedimentation on soil and determine the key influencing factors of organic carbon burial. Analyze the relationship between carbon distribution in various organs of Tamarix and physical and chemical properties of soil organic carbon and various elements, analyze the response relationship between vegetation biomass, element characteristics and various soil environmental factors, and explore the mechanism of "plant-soil" element cycle;

[0035] (3) Preliminary assessment of the temporal and spatial distribution patterns and carbon storage of Tamarix forests at the Yellow River Estuary: Based on phenology and time series remote sensing images, the growth curve of Tamarix vegetation at the Yellow River Estuary was reconstructed, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of salt marsh wetlands were extracted, the spatial distribution characteristics of Tamarix forests were analyzed, and the environmental factors affecting the distribution of Tamarix forests were analyzed. Based on the carbon storage test results of typical Tamarix habitat systems, the carbon storage and carbon storage potential of Tamarix in the current wetland at the Yellow River Estuary were evaluated.

[0036] The present invention establishes a "stereoanatomical" testing method for a typical plant habitat system, and through testing and analyzing key elements of various organs of Tamarix and the soil beneath their roots, reveals the element cycle process and laws of the Tamarix habitat system, explores the carbon distribution and control factors in the "photosynthesis-organism-soil beneath their roots" system, and clarifies the carbon storage efficiency and environmental value of Tamarix.

[0037] The present invention solves the problem of how to test and analyze the organic carbon migration, burial and circulation mechanism of "Tamarisk-root soil", evaluate the carbon storage capacity and soil burial rate of Tamarix, and further evaluate the carbon storage potential of the Tamarix wetland at the mouth of the Yellow River.

[0038] Embodiment 1, as Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for analyzing carbon allocation and influencing factors in a Tamarix chinensis habitat system, including: S1, analyze the carbon storage characteristics of typical Tamarix habitat systems, select typical Tamarix to lay out sample plots, use stereoanatomical measurement methods to collect samples of various organs of Tamarix and soil profiles; test and analyze the biogeochemical elements of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, magnesium, and calcium in different components of leaves, branches, trunks, roots, and soil under the roots to obtain the carbon storage capacity of various organs of Tamarix; S2, to explore the carbon cycle mechanism of typical Tamarix habitat system, analyze the vertical carbon absorption, distribution, and burial material element cycle process of typical Tamarix habitat system; analyze the sedimentation characteristics of soil profile, quantify the changes in physical and chemical properties in soil profile, and calculate the soil carbon burial rate; obtain the effect of Tamarix rhizosphere sedimentation effect on soil, and determine the key influencing factors of organic carbon burial; obtain the relationship between the carbon distribution of various organs of Tamarix and the physical and chemical properties of soil organic carbon and various elements, and analyze the response relationship between vegetation biomass, element characteristics and various soil environmental factors; S3. Conduct a preliminary assessment of the spatiotemporal distribution and carbon storage of Tamarix forests. Based on phenology and time series remote sensing images, reconstruct the growth curve of Tamarix vegetation at the Yellow River Estuary, extract the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of salt marsh wetlands, analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of Tamarix forests, and the environmental factors affecting the distribution of Tamarix forests. Based on the carbon storage test results of typical Tamarix habitat systems, evaluate the carbon storage and carbon storage potential of Tamarix in the current wetland at the Yellow River Estuary.

[0039] Example 2, as a specific implementation of the present invention, proposes a method for analyzing carbon allocation and influencing factors in the habitat system of Tamarix chinensis, including: the carbon storage process of Tamarix chinensis is affected by multiple factors such as biology, soil science, hydrology and climatology, and its carbon sink function is mainly reflected in the carbon fixation, storage and transportation of plants by "leaves, branches, trunks and roots" in the vertical direction, and the exchange of soil organic carbon and inorganic carbon with near-shore water bodies under the action of tides in the horizontal direction ( Figure 2 The key process of carbon exchange in Tamarix wetlands). Based on the classification of salt marsh features in the Yellow River Delta, this paper collects samples of various organs of Tamarix and soil profiles through a field "stereoanatomical" method, providing fine three-dimensional spatial data for the vertical carbon absorption, distribution, and burial rate of the Tamarix habitat system. On this basis, the influence of Tamarix rhizosphere deposition effect on soil and the response relationship between plant growth and various soil environmental factors are explored, deepening the material cycle process and mechanism between "plant-soil".

[0040] Embodiment 3, as Figure 3 As shown in the figure, as a specific implementation mode of the present invention, a method for analyzing carbon allocation and influencing factors of Tamarix habitat system is proposed, including: based on literature research and data collection, the present invention quantifies the aboveground vegetation, underground vegetation, soil carbon pool components and their relationships in Tamarix forest land through "stereoanatomical" measurement method, remote sensing model method and indoor physical and chemical experiments, and combines statistical correlation analysis to explore the dynamic change characteristics and influencing factors of organic carbon, and evaluates the carbon fixation and storage capacity of Tamarix; extracts the spectral index value of the time series through remote sensing interpretation and combines the phenological characteristics of different vegetation to analyze the carbon storage potential of Tamarix in the current wetland of the Yellow River Estuary; further deepens the element cycle mechanism of Tamarix-soil through redundant analysis of the response relationship between vegetation biomass, element characteristics and various soil environmental factors.

[0041] Specifically, it includes data collection, field investigation, indoor experimental analysis, remote sensing image processing, and data analysis; Step 1, data collection: The present invention uses the Yellow River estuary wetland as the main experimental area. The analysis process requires basic local environmental information. The specific information collected is shown in Table 1; Table 1 Data information:

[0042] Step 2, field investigation; Step 2.1, stereoanatomical measurement method;

[0043] In the current estuary area of ​​the Yellow River, a typical Tamarix habitat system in a Tamarix forest with a strong degree of salt stress and stable development was selected for sampling and analysis. Two Tamarix trees of about ten years old were selected for sampling of aboveground biomass, underground biomass and soil under the roots. The "stereoanatomical" measurement method proposed in the present invention was used to construct a local measurement coordinate system with the ground as a reference, with the intersection of the Tamarix base stem and the ground as the coordinate origin, the north direction as the x-axis, the south direction as the y-axis, and the vertical direction as the z-axis.

[0044] Above-ground sampling: Mark the parameters such as plant height, crown width, crown diameter, number of branches, etc. in the coordinate system. The above-ground samples are divided and collected according to the three organs of the trunk, perennial branches and leaves, and collected at multiple levels according to the growth years of the branches. Each sample is spatially positioned and numbered to facilitate later three-dimensional drawing.

[0045] Underground sampling: With the base stem of Tamarix as the center (coordinate origin), two soil profiles were set in the x and y directions. The control range of soil samples collected in each profile was 1m×1m underground, and the sampling was carried out according to a 10cm×10cm grid ( Figure 4 Schematic diagram of soil sampling points under the crown of Tamarix chinensis), a total of 420 soil samples were collected from the two trees. Root sampling, spatial positioning of the root system, use tape measure, vernier caliper, etc. to measure the root width, root diameter, root depth, taproot, lateral root length, diameter of root branches at all levels, number of internal connections (internal connection between two branch points), number of external connections (external connection between branches and meristems), connection length and other indicators of the excavated sample. Until all the roots of the shrubs are dug out, use a brush to remove sand, gravel and other debris attached to the roots, weigh their fresh weight, put them in a sealed bag and bring them back to the laboratory.

[0046] Step 2.2, collection and processing of Tamarix chinensis leaf, branch, stem, root and soil samples; Weigh the fresh weight of leaves, branches, stems, and roots respectively, and store them in sealed bags. Put the leaves, branches, stems, and roots of Tamarix into an oven at 105°C for 30 minutes, dry them at 80°C to constant weight, and weigh them. Calculate the moisture content of each organ through the fresh weight and dry weight of each organ, and thus deduce the biomass of each organ. Add the biomass of each organ of the standard strain to get the biomass of the whole plant of the standard strain.

[0047] The soil samples were sealed in bags and brought back to the laboratory to measure soil moisture content. The soil samples were air-dried to remove coarse debris and stones, then ground with a pestle and mortar, and passed through a 100-mesh sieve to measure soil physical and chemical properties, soil organic carbon and its components, soil soluble ions and other indicators.

[0048] Step 3, indoor experimental analysis; Through indoor experiments, the following were completed: soil physical and chemical properties, soil organic carbon and its components determination; plant carbon content, element testing; age analysis; Soil bulk density (BD) and soil water content (SWC): Soil samples were placed in aluminum boxes and dried at 105°C to constant weight for determination; Soil electrical conductivity (EC), pH, and soil salinity were measured on site using a pen-type conductivity meter (DDS-220; Sinotest), a portable pH tester (PH-280; Sinotest), and a pen-type digital salinity meter (SA287; Sinotest), respectively; Particle size detection: Take a few grams of sample and place it in a glass, add pure water, add 5ml of 0.5mol / L sodium hexametaphosphate solution, soak the sample for 24 hours, gently stir once every 8 hours to fully disperse the sample, pour all the soaked samples into the sample tank, add ultrasonic vibration and high-speed centrifugation to fully disperse the sample again, and then determine the particle size. The error of the analysis result is less than 3, and the shading degree is within the range of 10-20. Then calculate the particle size parameters. The particle size of each sample less than 8Ф is regarded as clay. Measured by laser particle size analyzer (Mastersizer3000; Malvern Instruments); Total carbon TC, total nitrogen TN: freeze-dried soil samples that have passed through a 100-mesh sieve are wrapped in a tin boat (20-30 μg) and tested on a machine;

[0049] Soil organic carbon (SOC) and organic nitrogen (ON): Weigh about 0.5 g of the freeze-dried sample that was sieved through a 100-mesh sieve and place it in a 10 ml centrifuge tube. Add 2.5 ml of 10% dilute hydrochloric acid twice to remove inorganic carbon. Then rinse with ultrapure water three to four times until the pH value of the supernatant is neutral using a test paper. After the sample is freeze-dried and weighed, it is wrapped in a tin cup and the SOC and organic nitrogen content are determined using an elemental analyzer (Vario ELIII; Elementar), and blank samples and standard samples are tested at the same time.

[0050] Loss on ignition (LOI): Burn the sample in a muffle furnace at 450°C for 4-8 hours and measure the sample's mass loss, such as oxidation or loss or volatilization in the form of gas. The percentage of weight loss on ignition is calculated as follows: Percent loss on ignition (%LOI) = [(dry weight before combustion - weight after combustion) / dry weight before combustion] ´ 100; The temperature of 450°C ensures that only organic carbon is oxidized. A small amount of sample was used for organic carbon analysis using an elemental analyzer (Vario EL III; Elementar), and an equation was constructed between the organic matter content (percentage of weight loss on ignition) and the organic carbon content of the same sample.

[0051] Inorganic Carbon SIC: SIC = TC-SOC; Soluble organic carbon (DOC): Weigh 25.00 g of freeze-dried and sieved soil sample and place it in a 200 ml plastic bottle. Add 100 ml of 0.5 mol / L potassium sulfate solution and shake on a reciprocating shaker for 30 min (300 r / min). Let it stand for 30 min and filter the supernatant. Place the filtrate in a brown sample bottle and store it at 4 °C. CPH ; Shimadzu) determination, measuring blank sample and standard sample simultaneously; Microbial biomass carbon (MBC): using chloroform fumigation method, total organic carbon analyzer (TOC-V CPH ; Shimadzu) assay; Easily oxidizable organic carbon (EOC): weigh a sample with a carbon content of 15-30 mg and a 60-mesh sieve into a 50 ml centrifuge tube, add 25 ml of 333 mmol / L KMnO4, shake at 250 r / min for one hour, centrifuge at 4000 r / min for 5 min, take the supernatant and dilute it with deionized water at a ratio of 1:500, and compare the color at 565 nm. Particulate organic carbon (POC): Weigh 10 g of sieved soil sample, add 30 ml of sodium hexametaphosphate (5 g / L), shake at 25°C and 90 r / min for 15 hours, then pass through a 53 μm sieve and rinse until the filtrate is colorless and clear. Collect the residue in an aluminum box and dry it at 60°C to constant weight. Calculate its proportion in the soil and combine it with the measured soil organic carbon content to calculate its particulate organic carbon content. Total phosphorus TP: measured by colorimetry using a “UV-visible spectrophotometer” (Multiskan SkyHigh; Thermo Fisher) ( Ru et al., 2018 ); Soluble ions: Soil Cl was measured using ion chromatography (IC-2000; Dionex). － 、SO4 2－ Soil K content was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AA-6800; Shimadzu) combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (NexION1000; PerkinElmer). + , Ca 2+ 、Na + Mg 2+ Content; HCO is determined by standard H2SO4 titration method 3－ content; Total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) in leaves, branches, stems and roots of Tamarix chinensis: The dried dry weight samples of each component of the plant were crushed and ground using a multifunctional plant grinder, passed through a 100-mesh sieve, and wrapped in a tin cup for determination using an element analyzer (Vario EL III; Elementar); Carbon isotope delta 13 C. Nitrogen isotope δ 15 N test: The extracted organic carbon and nitrogen were analyzed using an isotope mass spectrometer (253Plus; Thermo Fisher); Plant phosphorus, potassium, sodium, magnesium, and calcium elements: Same as soil sample testing method;

[0052] Chronological analysis: The study area is mainly the lobe of the Yellow River Delta formed since 1976. The river channel at the estuary has frequently swung since 1986, so the sedimentary bodies are event deposits and are not suitable for traditional 210 Pb and other measurement methods. Based on the typical location finally selected, this study combined satellite analysis to restore the change process and finally determined the formation age of the soil in the research experimental area. At the same time, shallow drilling samples were obtained at the measurement point for stratigraphic analysis.

[0053] Step 4, remote sensing image processing; Time-series spectral remote sensing images can be linked to the phenological period of surface vegetation (De Beurs and Henebry, 2005). Vegetation index is a commonly used indicator for analyzing phenological characteristics. Specific phenological periods include the start of the season (SOS), the peak of the growing season, the beginning of senescence or the end of the season (EOS). Sentinel-2 has a short revisit period (5 days) and high spatial resolution (it can provide images with spatial resolutions of 10, 20 and 60 meters). The Sentinel-2 time series data images from 2020 and 2023 were interpolated and smoothed by SG filtering. The threshold method was used to extract the SOS and EOS of typical salt marsh vegetation in the intertidal zone around the Bohai Sea as a reference for Landsat to extract phenological information; The Landsat series of images have a long observation period and can extract long-time-scale surface information, but the revisit period is long and the coastal area is often covered by clouds. Therefore, the present invention establishes the growth curve of typical salt marsh vegetation in the Yellow River Estuary Wetland in the past thirty years based on phenology and time series remote sensing images: (1) ETM+ and OLI images of the year before and after the target year are used to reconstruct a high-quality image set for one year according to the time number; (2) 80 sample points of Tamarix, Suaeda salsa, Spartina alterniflora, and Phragmites australis are collected respectively. The present invention applies GCVI and NDTI to the classification of salt marsh vegetation for the first time, extracts the distribution characteristics of the Tamarix forest at the Yellow River Estuary, and extracts the normalized vegetation index (NDVI), increase Seven spectral index values, including the strong vegetation index (EVI), normalized difference water index (NDWI), modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI), vegetation water content index (LSWI), normalized difference turbidity index (NDTI), and green chlorophyll vegetation index (GCVI); (3) The growth curve was obtained by smoothing with SG filtering (Savitzky-Golay filtering algorithm); (4) Threshold segmentation was performed based on the different start and end times of the growth period and the differences in spectral indices at maturity of Tamarix, Suaeda salsa, Spartina alterniflora, and Phragmites australis; The light beaches without vegetation coverage are extracted using the threshold segmentation method (Wang et al., 2020). The Landsat vegetation index based on the time series and the water-related spectral index are used to train the thresholds for extracting water bodies and vegetation using a small training data set, and the vegetation frequency and water body frequency are calculated to classify the intertidal vegetation-covered areas and light beaches. This method reduces the impact of tidal dynamics and has high mapping accuracy.

[0054] Step 5, data analysis; SPSS 25 was used to calculate the Pearson correlation coefficient, and the correlations among SOC, TN, salinity, electrical conductivity, soil pH, alkalinity, total alkalinity, elements and clay content were analyzed. A regression equation was established, and the applicability of the equation was judged by comparing its accuracy. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the differences in soil organic carbon content among different plots and depths (p<0.05 was considered significant). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the direct and indirect effects of driving factors such as soil physicochemical properties, climate, and hydrology on carbon storage in Tamarix forests. CANOCO 5 was used to conduct multivariate statistical analysis of vegetation carbon storage and soil physicochemical parameters to understand the response relationship between vegetation biomass, element characteristics and various soil environmental factors.

[0055] Embodiment 3, the present invention provides a system for analyzing carbon allocation and influencing factors of a Tamarix habitat system, comprising: The carbon storage characteristics analysis module of the typical Tamarix habitat system is used to select typical Tamarix to lay out sample plots, and use the stereoanatomical measurement method to collect samples of various organs of Tamarix and soil profiles; test and analyze the biogeochemical elements of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, magnesium, and calcium in different components of leaves, branches, trunks, roots, and soil under the roots, and obtain the carbon storage of various organs of Tamarix; the carbon cycle mechanism analysis module of the typical Tamarix habitat system is used to analyze the vertical carbon absorption, distribution, burial and other material element cycle processes of the typical Tamarix habitat system; used to analyze the sedimentation characteristics of the soil profile, quantify the changes in the physical and chemical properties of the soil profile, and calculate the soil carbon burial rate; obtain the effect of the Tamarix rhizosphere sedimentation effect on the soil, and determine the key influencing factors of organic carbon burial; obtain the relationship between the carbon distribution of various organs of Tamarix and the physical and chemical properties of soil organic carbon and various elements, and analyze the response relationship between vegetation biomass, element characteristics and various soil environmental factors; The module for preliminary assessment of the spatiotemporal distribution patterns and carbon storage of Tamarix forests is used to assess the carbon storage and carbon storage potential of Tamarix; based on phenology and time series remote sensing images, the growth curve of Tamarix vegetation at the mouth of the Yellow River is reconstructed, the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of salt marsh wetlands are extracted, the spatial distribution characteristics of Tamarix forests, and the environmental factors affecting the distribution of Tamarix forests are analyzed; based on the biomass and organic carbon test results of typical Tamarix habitat systems, the carbon storage and carbon storage potential of Tamarix in the current wetlands at the mouth of the Yellow River are assessed.

[0056] The present invention proposes a "stereoanatomical" sampling method, selects typical Tamarix at the mouth of the Yellow River for detailed sampling, tests elements closely related to the growth and metabolism of Tamarix, quantifies the changes in physical and chemical properties and elements in the soil profile, and further analyzes the carbon distribution of each organ and the relationship between the physical and chemical properties of soil organic carbon and each element. The element cycle process and laws of the Tamarix habitat system are studied, the carbon distribution and control factors in the photosynthesis-organism-root soil system are explored, and the carbon storage efficiency and ecological environmental value of Tamarix are clarified. Based on the carbon storage test analysis results of the typical Tamarix habitat system, a preliminary assessment is made of the carbon storage and carbon storage potential of the current wetland Tamarix at the mouth of the Yellow River. The scientific goals set by the present invention are reasonable, the content is appropriate, and the established scientific goals can be achieved.

[0057] The present invention conducted a field survey from October to November 2023, collected plant samples of Tamarix, Suaeda salsa, Phragmites australis, and "Phragmites australis + Imperata" vegetation areas and 0-30cm soil samples, and conducted particle size tests, organic carbon tests and other tests and analyses. Preliminary results clearly show that the "stereoanatomical" method can reveal the differences and regularities of carbon storage in different parts.

[0058] The experimental results show that the present invention proposes a "stereoanatomical" measurement method for plant habitat systems, which is used to analyze the carbon storage effect of the vertical "leaf→branch→trunk→root→soil under the root" habitat system, as well as the response between plant growth and various soil environmental factors, and obtains the key carbon sink process of Tamarix chinensis, the element cycle process and mechanism between plants and soil. New understanding has been gained in the principle of plant carbon storage.

[0059] The present invention relies on an advanced and complete experimental platform, and is equipped with various equipment for sample collection and processing: a Sinotest DDS-220 pen-type conductivity meter, a Sinotest PH-280 portable pH value tester, a Sinotest SA-287 pen-type digital display salt meter, a Malvern Instruments Mastersizer 3000 laser particle size analyzer, an Elementa Vario EL III element analyzer, a Shimadzu TOC-VCPH total organic carbon analyzer, a Thermo Fisher Multiskan SkyHigh "ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer", a PerkinElmer NexION 1000 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, a Thermo Fisher 253 Plus isotope mass spectrometer, a muffle furnace, etc., which can meet the experimental requirements of the present invention.

[0060] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention and within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for analyzing carbon allocation and influencing factors in a Tamarix chinensis habitat system, characterized in that: The method includes: S1, analyze the carbon storage characteristics of typical Tamarix habitat systems, select typical Tamarix to lay out sample plots, use stereoanatomical measurement methods to collect samples of various organs of Tamarix and soil profiles; test and analyze the biogeochemical elements of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, magnesium, and calcium in different components of leaves, branches, trunks, roots, and soil under the roots to obtain the carbon storage capacity of various organs of Tamarix; S2, to explore the carbon cycle mechanism of typical Tamarix habitat system, analyze the vertical carbon absorption, distribution, and burial material element cycle process of typical Tamarix habitat system; analyze the sedimentation characteristics of soil profile, quantify the changes in physical and chemical properties in soil profile, and calculate the soil carbon burial rate; obtain the effect of Tamarix rhizosphere sedimentation effect on soil, and determine the key influencing factors of organic carbon burial; obtain the relationship between the carbon distribution of various organs of Tamarix and the physical and chemical properties of soil organic carbon and various elements, and analyze the response relationship between vegetation biomass, element characteristics and various soil environmental factors; S3. Conduct a preliminary assessment of the spatiotemporal distribution and carbon storage of Tamarix forests. Based on phenology and time series remote sensing images, reconstruct the growth curve of Tamarix vegetation at the Yellow River Estuary, extract the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of salt marsh wetlands, analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of Tamarix forests, and the environmental factors affecting the distribution of Tamarix forests. Based on the carbon storage test results of typical Tamarix habitat systems, evaluate the carbon storage and carbon storage potential of Tamarix in the current wetland at the Yellow River Estuary.

2. The method for analyzing carbon allocation and influencing factors of Tamarix chinensis habitat system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the three-dimensional anatomical measurement method is used to collect samples of various organs of Tamarix chinensis and soil profiles, including: Taking the ground as the reference, a local measurement coordinate system was constructed, with the intersection of the base stem of Tamarix chinensis and the ground as the coordinate origin, the north direction as the x-axis, the south direction as the y-axis, and the vertical direction as the z-axis; Ground sampling: In the coordinate system, the plant height, crown width, crown diameter, and number of branches are marked. Ground samples are divided and collected according to the three organs of the trunk, perennial branches, and leaves. They are collected at multiple levels according to the growth years of the branches. Each sample is spatially positioned and numbered. Underground sampling: With the base stem of Tamarix as the center, two soil profiles were set in the x-axis and y-axis directions. The control range of soil samples collected in each profile was 1m×1m underground. Sampling was carried out according to a 10cm×10cm grid. The root system was spatially positioned, and the root width, root diameter, root depth, main root, lateral root length, diameters before and after branching of roots at all levels, number of internal connections of the root system, number of external connections, and connection length indicators of the excavated sample plants were calculated until all the roots of the shrubs were dug out, and the sand, gravel and debris attached to the roots were removed. The fresh weight was measured and placed in a sealed bag.

3. The method for analyzing carbon allocation and influencing factors of Tamarix chinensis habitat system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the biogeochemical elements of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, magnesium and calcium in different components of leaves, branches, trunks, roots and soil under the roots are tested and analyzed, including: Weigh the fresh weight of leaves, branches, stems and roots respectively, and store them in sealed bags; put the leaves, branches, stems and roots of Tamarix into an oven at 105°C for 30 minutes, dry them at 80°C to constant weight, weigh them, calculate the moisture content of each organ by fresh weight and dry weight, and deduce the biomass of each organ. Add the biomass of each organ of the standard strain to obtain the biomass of the whole plant of the standard strain; Determination of total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) in leaves, branches, stems and roots of Tamarix chinensis: Use a multifunctional plant grinder to grind the dried plant components, pass through a 100-mesh sieve, and determine using an element analyzer; Carbon isotope delta 13 C. Nitrogen isotope δ 15 N test: The extracted organic carbon and nitrogen were analyzed using an isotope mass spectrometer; Plant phosphorus, potassium, sodium, magnesium, and calcium: determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; The soil samples were air-dried to remove coarse debris and stones, ground and passed through a 100-mesh sieve, and the soil physical and chemical properties, soil organic carbon and its components, and soil main element indicators were determined; (1) Determination of soil physical and chemical properties Determination of soil bulk density BD and soil water content SWC: The soil sample was placed in an aluminum box and dried in an oven at 105°C until constant weight was measured; Determine soil electrical conductivity (EC), pH, and soil salinity: Use a pen-type conductivity meter, a portable pH tester, and a pen-type digital display salinity meter for on-site measurements; Particle size detection: Take the sample and add it into pure water, add sodium hexametaphosphate solution, soak, stir, ultrasonically vibrate, add high-speed centrifugation, measure the particle size by laser particle size analyzer, and then calculate the particle size parameters; (2) Determination of soil organic carbon and its components Total carbon TC, total nitrogen TN: freeze-dried soil samples sieved through 100 mesh were tested using an element analyzer; Soil organic carbon SOC and organic nitrogen ON: Weigh about 0.5 g of the sample after freeze-drying and passing through a 100-mesh sieve, remove inorganic carbon, wash with acid, freeze-dry, and measure using an element analyzer; Soluble organic carbon DOC: Weigh the freeze-dried and sieved soil sample, add potassium sulfate solution, shake on a reciprocating oscillator, let it stand and filter the supernatant, and measure it with a total organic carbon analyzer. Measure the blank sample and standard sample at the same time; Microbial biomass carbon (MBC): measured by chloroform fumigation method and total organic carbon analyzer; Easily oxidizable organic carbon (EOC): weigh a sample with a carbon content in the range of 15-30 mg, add KMnO4, shake, centrifuge, take the supernatant and dilute it with deionized water at a ratio of 1:500, and compare the color at 565 nm; Particulate organic carbon (POC): weigh the sieved soil sample, add sodium hexametaphosphate, shake at 25°C, 90 r / min, and then sieve it. Rinse until the filtrate is colorless and clear. Collect the residue, dry it to constant weight, calculate the proportion in the soil, and combine it with the measured soil organic carbon content to calculate the particulate organic carbon content. (3) Determination of main elements in soil Total phosphorus TP: measured by colorimetry using a UV-visible spectrophotometer; Soluble ions: Soil Cl was determined by ion chromatography － 、SO4 2－ Atomic absorption spectrophotometry combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to determine soil K + , Ca 2+ 、Na + Mg 2+ Content; HCO is determined by standard H2SO4 titration method 3－ content; (4) Determination of loss on ignition (LOI) The sample is burned in a muffle furnace at 450°C for 4-8 hours to determine the sample's mass loss, oxidation or loss in gas form or volatilization; the sample is used for organic carbon analysis using an elemental analyzer to construct an equation for the organic matter content and the organic carbon content of the same sample.

4. The method for analyzing carbon allocation and influencing factors of Tamarix chinensis habitat system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the sedimentary characteristics of the soil profile are analyzed, including: Based on the typical locations finally selected, combined with the restoration of the change process through satellite analysis, the formation age of the soil in the research experimental area was determined, and shallow drill samples were obtained at the measuring points for stratigraphic analysis.

5. The method for analyzing carbon allocation and influencing factors of Tamarix chinensis habitat system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the key influencing factors of organic carbon burial are determined; the relationship between the carbon distribution of various organs of Tamarix chinensis and the physical and chemical properties of soil organic carbon and various elements is obtained, and the response relationship between vegetation biomass, element characteristics and various soil environmental factors is analyzed, including: SPSS 25 was used to calculate the Pearson correlation coefficient, analyze the correlations among SOC, TN, salinity, electrical conductivity, soil pH, elements and clay content, and establish a regression equation. The applicability of the equation was judged by comparing its accuracy. One-way analysis of variance was used to test the differences in soil organic carbon content among different plots and depths. CANOCO 5 was used to conduct multivariate statistical analysis on vegetation carbon storage and soil physical and chemical parameters to explore the response relationships between vegetation biomass, element characteristics and soil environmental factors.

6. The method for analyzing carbon allocation and influencing factors of Tamarix chinensis habitat system according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the LOI determination, the ignition loss percentage is calculated as follows: Ignition weight loss percentage = [(dry weight before combustion - weight after combustion) / dry weight before combustion] ´ 100; The equation for organic matter content and organic carbon content of the same sample is: Inorganic Carbon: SIC=TC-SOC ; in, SIC For inorganic carbon, TC is the total carbon, SOC Soil organic carbon.

7. The method for analyzing carbon allocation and influencing factors of Tamarix chinensis habitat system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, based on phenology and time series remote sensing images, the growth curve of Tamarix chinensis vegetation at the mouth of the Yellow River is reconstructed, including: (1) ETM+ and OLI images from one year before and after the target year are used to reconstruct an image set for one year according to the time code; (2) 80 sample points were collected from Tamarix chinensis, Suaeda salsa, Spartina alterniflora, and Phragmites australis, and seven spectral index values ​​were extracted from the time series of the sample points, including the normalized difference vegetation index NDVI, enhanced vegetation index EVI, normalized difference water index NDWI, modified normalized water index MNDWI, vegetation water content index LSWI, normalized difference turbidity index NDTI, and green chlorophyll vegetation index GCVI; (3) The growth curve is obtained by smoothing through SG filtering; (4) Threshold segmentation was performed based on the different start and end times of the growth period of Tamarix, Suaeda salsa, Spartina alterniflora, and Phragmites australis, as well as the differences in spectral indices during the maturity period.

8. The method for analyzing carbon allocation and influencing factors of Tamarix chinensis habitat system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of the salt marsh wetland are extracted, and the spatial distribution characteristics of the Tamarix forest are analyzed, including: The Landsat vegetation index and water-related spectral index based on time series are used to train the thresholds for extracting water bodies and vegetation using a small amount of training data sets, and the vegetation frequency and water body frequency are calculated to classify the intertidal vegetation coverage area and the light beach. Based on phenology and time series remote sensing images, the green chlorophyll vegetation index (GCVI) and normalized difference turbidity index (NDTI) were applied to the classification of salt marsh vegetation, and the growth curve of Tamarix chinensis vegetation at the mouth of the Yellow River was reconstructed.

9. The method for analyzing carbon allocation and influencing factors of Tamarix chinensis habitat system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the environmental factors affecting the distribution of Tamarix chinensis forests include: Through structural equation modeling, the direct and indirect effects of driving factors such as soil physical and chemical properties, climate, and hydrology on the carbon storage of Tamarix forests were analyzed.

10. A carbon allocation and influencing factor analysis system for Tamarix chinensis habitat system, characterized in that: The system is implemented by the method for analyzing carbon allocation and influencing factors of a Tamarix habitat system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and the system comprises: The carbon storage characteristics analysis module of the typical Tamarix habitat system is used to select typical Tamarix to lay out sample plots, and use the stereoscopic anatomical measurement method to collect samples of various organs of Tamarix and soil profiles; test and analyze the biogeochemical elements of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, magnesium, and calcium in different components of leaves, branches, trunks, roots, and soil under the roots to obtain the carbon storage of various organs of Tamarix; The carbon cycle mechanism analysis module of the typical Tamarix habitat system is used to analyze the carbon absorption, distribution, and burial material element cycle process in the typical Tamarix habitat system in the vertical direction; analyze the sedimentation characteristics of the soil profile, quantify the changes in the physical and chemical properties in the soil profile, and calculate the soil carbon burial rate; obtain the effect of the Tamarix rhizosphere sedimentation effect on the soil and determine the key influencing factors of organic carbon burial; obtain the carbon distribution of each organ of Tamarix and the relationship between the physical and chemical properties of soil organic carbon and various elements, and analyze the response relationship between vegetation biomass, element characteristics and various soil environmental factors; The module for the preliminary assessment of the spatiotemporal distribution patterns and carbon storage of Tamarix forests is used to conduct a preliminary assessment of the spatiotemporal distribution patterns and carbon storage of Tamarix forests. Based on phenology and time series remote sensing images, the growth curve of Tamarix vegetation at the Yellow River Estuary is reconstructed, the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of salt marsh wetlands are extracted, and the spatial distribution characteristics of Tamarix forests and the environmental factors affecting the distribution of Tamarix forests are analyzed. Based on the carbon storage test results of typical Tamarix habitat systems, the carbon storage and carbon storage potential of Tamarix in the current wetlands at the Yellow River Estuary are assessed.

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