Functional microbial organic fertilizer for improving saline-alkali soil as well as preparation method and application of functional microbial organic fertilizer

Abstract

The invention discloses a functional microbial organic fertilizer for saline-alkali soil improvement and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of fertilizers. In order to solve the technical problem that high salt ion content in saline-alkali soil causes multiple adverse effects on plant growth, the invention provides a functional microbial organic fertilizer for saline-alkali soil improvement. The functional microbial agent is prepared from bacillus amyloliquefaciens, insecticidal cupriavidus, trichoderma harzianum, halophilic bacillus grignard and halotolerant bacillus, and the functional microbial carrier organic fertilizer is added with furfural residues and citric acid residues. The functional microbial organic fertilizer provided by the invention has the functions of improving the microbial abundance of saline-alkali soil, improving the physicochemical properties of the soil, adjusting the pH value of the soil, increasing the proportion of soil aggregates and increasing the contents of rapidly available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium. The functional microbial organic fertilizer provided by the invention can be applied to effectively improving saline-alkali soil.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers and relates to an organic fertilizer for improving saline-alkali land and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Saline-alkali land refers to land with excessively high salt and alkali content in the soil, which affects the normal growth of plants. my country is the country with the third largest distribution of saline-alkali land in the world, with more than 500 million mu of available saline-alkali land resources, with a total area of ​​about 185 million mu. The saline-alkali land in Heilongjiang Province is mainly composed of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, and is mainly distributed in the low-lying closed-flow area in the western Songnen Plain and the Sanjiang Plain area, with a total area of ​​15.354 million mu, of which 2.016 million mu is saline-alkali arable land. Under salt stress, direct toxic effects will occur on the roots of crops, increasing the concentration of soil solution, resulting in the inability of crops to absorb the required water, causing physiological drought and wilting, which will affect the absorption of water and nutrients by plants and lead to a decrease in yield. In addition, plants will accumulate salt ions in a high-salt environment, leading to osmotic stress and inhibition of enzyme activity, further affecting metabolic activities.

[0003] The main problems faced by saline-alkali land include: (1) The special soil conditions of saline-alkali land limit the structure and function of microbial communities. The high salt and alkaline environment inhibits microbial growth and metabolic activities, resulting in reduced microbial diversity and a reduction in the number and species of beneficial microorganisms. This imbalance in the microbial community will affect the soil microenvironment, soil fertility and plant growth, as well as the effectiveness of soil nutrients. (2) Due to the high salt and alkalinity and lack of microorganisms in saline-alkali land, the ability of plant roots to absorb water and nutrients is reduced, resulting in serious nutrient loss and slow growth. In addition, the soil structure of saline-alkali land is poor, the soil aggregates are unstable, the structure is loose, and it is easily affected by wind and water erosion, which aggravates the loss of nutrients in the surface soil and further aggravates the lack of soil nutrients.

[0004] Saline-alkali areas are ecologically fragile and sensitive areas. The technologies and products used to treat and improve saline-alkali areas must be effective, safe and green. The high salt ion content in saline-alkali soil will have multiple adverse effects on plant growth. Therefore, those skilled in the art are eager to develop a method that can significantly increase the abundance of microorganisms in saline-alkali soil, improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, and effectively improve saline-alkali soil, so as to improve agricultural production and ensure food security. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims to solve the technical problem that high salt ion content in saline-alkali soil has multiple adverse effects on plant growth, and provides a functional microbial organic fertilizer for saline-alkali land improvement, a preparation method and an application thereof.

[0006] One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a functional microbial organic fertilizer for improving saline-alkali land, the preparation method comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1: Inoculate Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Cupric bacteria, Trichoderma harzianum, Halobacterium alkaliphilum and Bacillus halogenide into sterilized potato dextrose agar medium, place the medium in a shaker at 28°C for 24 hours, and obtain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens fermentation culture, Cupric bacteria, Trichoderma harzianum fermentation culture, Halobacterium alkaliphilum and Bacillus halogenide fermentation culture, respectively;

[0008] S2: The Bacillus amyloliquefaciens fermentation agent, the Copperworm fermentation agent, the Trichoderma harzianum fermentation agent, the Halobacterium alkaliphilum fermentation agent and the Bacillus halodurans fermentation agent obtained in S1 are uniformly mixed with glucose in a certain mass ratio, dissolved in warm water at 30°C-35°C, and allowed to stand at room temperature to obtain first-generation Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Copperworm fermentation agent, Trichoderma harzianum, Halobacterium alkaliphilum and Bacillus halodurans domesticated strains respectively;

[0009] S3: The first generation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Cupric bacteria, Trichoderma harzianum, Halobacterium alkaliphilum and Bacillus halodurans obtained in S2 were inoculated into LBG liquid medium respectively, and cultured in a shaking incubator at 30°C and 180 r / min for 24-48 hours to obtain fermentation broths of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Cupric bacteria, Trichoderma harzianum, Halobacterium alkaliphilum and Bacillus halodurans respectively;

[0010] S4: concentrating the fermentation liquid of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, the fermentation liquid of Copperbacillus insecticidalus, the fermentation liquid of Trichoderma harzianum, the fermentation liquid of Bacillus halophilus, and the fermentation liquid of Bacillus halodurans obtained in S3, and then mixing them uniformly according to a certain weight ratio to obtain a functional microbial agent;

[0011] S5: Mix natural cow dung without water, corn stalks cut into 2-3 cm pieces and rice husks in a certain weight ratio to obtain organic materials, and pile them into a trapezoidal pile with a height of 1.2m and a width of 2m, compact them, add water until the moisture content of the organic materials reaches 60%-75%, and perform aerobic fermentation, turning them every 5 days, and obtaining mature compost after fermentation for 30 days;

[0012] S6: adding furfural residue and citric acid residue to the mature compost obtained in S5 according to a certain weight ratio to obtain a functional microbial carrier organic fertilizer;

[0013] S7: The functional microbial carrier organic fertilizer obtained in S6 and the functional microbial agent obtained in S4 are uniformly mixed in a certain weight ratio, and dried at low temperature to obtain the functional microbial organic fertilizer for saline-alkali land improvement.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens fermentation agent, the Copperworm fermentation agent, the Trichoderma harzianum fermentation agent, the Halobacterium alkaliphilum fermentation agent and the Bacillus halodurans fermentation agent described in S2 are respectively mixed evenly with glucose in a mass ratio of 1: (0.2-0.4).

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the standing time at room temperature in S2 is 8h-12h.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inoculation amount of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Cupricobacterium insecticidalum, Trichoderma harzianum, Halobacterium gordonii and Bacillus halodurans in S1 and S3 is 3.5%.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fermentation broth of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, the fermentation broth of Copperbacillus spp., the fermentation broth of Trichoderma harzianum, the fermentation broth of Halobacterium salinarum and the fermentation broth of Bacillus halodurans in S4 are uniformly mixed in a weight ratio of 1:1:1:1.25:1.25; the number of bacteria in the functional microbial agent is 10 6 ~10 7 cfu / g.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cow dung, corn stalks and rice husks in S5 are uniformly mixed in a weight ratio of 1:1:1.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mature compost in S6 is added with furfural residue and citric acid residue in a weight ratio of 10:1 respectively.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the functional microbial carrier organic fertilizer and the functional microbial agent in S7 are evenly mixed in a weight ratio of 1:15.

[0021] The second object of the present invention is to provide a functional microbial organic fertilizer for improving saline-alkali land, wherein the functional microbial organic fertilizer is obtained by the above-mentioned preparation method.

[0022] The third object of the present invention is to provide the application of the above-mentioned functional microbial organic fertilizer in the improvement of saline-alkali land.

[0023] Beneficial effects of the invention: The invention provides a functional microbial organic fertilizer for improving saline-alkali land, and a preparation method and application thereof, which is prepared by mixing a functional microbial agent prepared by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Copperbacillus insecticidalus, Trichoderma harzianum, Halobacterium solani and Bacillus halodurans with a functional microbial carrier organic fertilizer, wherein the functional microbial carrier organic fertilizer is obtained by aerobic fermentation of cow dung, corn straw and rice husk with furfural residue and citric acid residue added.

[0024] The functional microbial organic fertilizer provided by the present invention secretes acidic substances such as indoleacetic acid through Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Copperbacillus insecticidalus, Trichoderma harzianum, Halobacterium solani and Bacillus halodurans. The acidic substances obtained by the secretion have the effect of dissolving phosphorus, and both potassium dissolving and nitrogen fixing have certain growth-promoting effects, thereby reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and reducing the risk of soil salinization.

[0025] The present invention uses organic fertilizer as a functional microbial carrier, which can not only provide a stable living environment for the functional microorganisms; wherein, the rich organic matter can provide the microorganisms with the required nutrients, promote the growth and reproduction of the microorganisms, and improve the soil fertility; and, the organic fertilizer can improve the physical properties of the soil, increase the porosity and aeration of the soil, and effectively inhibit the soil from salting and alkaliing.

[0026] In addition, the acidic characteristics of the acidic biomass waste by adding furfural residue and citric acid residue in a reasonable proportion to the decomposed mature organic fertilizer have the effect of lowering the soil pH value, alleviating the alkaline environment of saline-alkali land, regulating the soil water-salt dynamics, and reducing the salt accumulation in the soil surface. In addition to the above effects, the addition of acidic biomass waste also reduces the environmental burden of the waste.

[0027] In summary, the functional microbial organic fertilizer provided by the present invention has significantly improved the abundance of microorganisms in saline-alkali soil, improved soil physical and chemical properties, promoted plant growth, and optimized soil microbial community structure; by adjusting soil pH, increasing soil aggregate ratio, improving available phosphorus and available potassium content, improving soil physical properties; functional microbial organic fertilizer forms a mutually beneficial relationship with plants, can promote plant root growth, improve salt stress resistance, enhance plant nutrient absorption, and increase crop yield. Therefore, the functional microbial organic fertilizer provided by the present invention can be applied to effectively improve saline-alkali soil, can improve agricultural production and ensure food security. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] Those skilled in the art can refer to the content of this article and appropriately improve the process parameters. It should be particularly noted that all similar replacements and modifications are obvious to those skilled in the art, and they are all considered to be included in the present invention. The method and application of the present invention have been described through preferred embodiments, and relevant personnel can obviously modify or appropriately change and combine the methods and applications described herein without departing from the content and scope of the present invention to implement and apply the technology of the present invention.

[0029] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The experimental methods used in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the materials, reagents, methods and instruments used are all conventional materials, reagents, methods and instruments in the art unless otherwise specified, and those skilled in the art can obtain them through commercial channels.

[0030] Where to buy the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Cupricobacterium insecticidalum, Trichoderma harzianum, Halobacterium salinarum and Bacillus halodurans described in the following examples:

[0031] The deposit number of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is CGMCC No.1.857;

[0032] The deposit number of the insecticide Cupriavidus necator is CGMCC No.1.7093;

[0033] The Natronobacterium gregoryi has a preservation number of CGMCC No.1.1967;

[0034] The deposit number of the Bacillus halodurans is CGMCC No.1.15264;

[0035] The above-mentioned Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Cupricobacterium insecticidalum, Halobacterium garneri and Bacillus halodurans strains were all purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC).

[0036] The Trichoderma harzianum was numbered CICC 41290 and was purchased from China Industrial Culture Collection Center (CICC).

[0037] Example 1: Preparation of a functional microbial organic fertilizer for saline-alkali land improvement

[0038] S1: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Copperworm, Trichoderma harzianum, Halobacterium alkaliphilum and Bacillus halogenide were inoculated into sterilized potato dextrose agar medium at an inoculation rate of 3.5%, and cultured in a shaker at 28°C for 24 hours to obtain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens fermentation culture, Copperworm, Trichoderma harzianum fermentation culture, Halobacterium alkaliphilum and Bacillus halogenide fermentation culture, respectively;

[0039] S2: The Bacillus amyloliquefaciens fermentation agent, the Copperworm fermentation agent, the Trichoderma harzianum fermentation agent, the Halobacterium alkaliphilum fermentation agent and the Bacillus halodurans fermentation agent obtained in S1 were uniformly mixed with glucose at a mass ratio of 1:0.3, dissolved in warm water at 30°C-35°C, and allowed to stand at room temperature for 10 hours to obtain first-generation Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Copperworm fermentation agent, Trichoderma harzianum, Halobacterium alkaliphilum and Bacillus halodurans domesticated strains, respectively;

[0040] S3: The first generation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Copperworm, Trichoderma harzianum, Halobacterium alkaliphilum and Bacillus halodurans obtained in S2 were inoculated into LBG liquid medium at an inoculation rate of 3.5%, and cultured in a shaking incubator at 30°C and 180 rpm for 36 hours to obtain fermentation broths of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Copperworm, Trichoderma harzianum, Halobacterium alkaliphilum and Bacillus halodurans, respectively;

[0041] S4: The fermentation liquid of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, the fermentation liquid of Copperbacillus spp., the fermentation liquid of Trichoderma harzianum, the fermentation liquid of Bacillus halophilus, and the fermentation liquid of Bacillus halodurans obtained in S3 are concentrated, and then mixed evenly in a weight ratio of 1:1:1:1.25:1.25 to obtain a functional microbial agent, wherein the number of bacteria in the functional microbial agent is 10 6 ~10 7 cfu / g;

[0042] S5: Mix natural cow dung without water, corn stalks cut into 2-3 cm pieces and rice husks in a weight ratio of 1:1:1 to obtain organic materials, and pile them into a trapezoidal pile with a height of 1.2 m and a width of 2 m, compact them, add water until the moisture content of the organic materials reaches 60%-75%, perform aerobic fermentation, turn them over every 5 days, and obtain mature compost after fermentation for 30 days;

[0043] S6: adding furfural residue and citric acid residue to the mature compost obtained in S5 in a weight ratio of 10:1 to obtain a functional microbial carrier organic fertilizer;

[0044] S7: The functional microbial carrier organic fertilizer obtained in S6 and the functional microbial agent obtained in S4 are uniformly mixed in a weight ratio of 1:15, and dried at low temperature to obtain the functional microbial organic fertilizer for saline-alkali land improvement.

[0045] Example 2: Application of functional microbial organic fertilizer in improving saline-alkali soil

[0046] In this embodiment, the saline-alkali soil in Bayannur, Inner Mongolia is selected as the test field. The test time is from May to July 2024. The test method is: take a plastic pot with a diameter of 10 cm and a depth of 15 cm, and put the saline-alkali soil taken from the test field into the pot respectively, and apply the functional microbial organic fertilizer obtained in Example 1 into the plastic pot according to the addition amount of 4t / mu and 6t / mu respectively, stir evenly, and take the plastic pot without adding functional microbial organic fertilizer as the control group. After 3 months, the pH value and conductivity of the soil in the plastic pot are measured respectively. The results are shown in Table 1-2.

[0047] Table 1

[0048] Soil pH Control group 8.33 4t / mu 7.75 6t / mu 7.58

[0049] Table 2

[0050] Soil conductivity Control group 4.95 4t / mu 2.51 6t / mu 3.76

[0051] As shown in Table 1, the experimental groups with 4t / mu and 6t / mu of functional microbial organic fertilizer added significantly reduced the pH value of saline-alkali soil compared with the control group, making the soil pH value close to neutral and reducing the salinization degree of saline-alkali soil.

[0052] There are water-soluble salt ions in the soil, which have a certain electrical conductivity, and electrical conductivity increases with the increase of water-soluble salts, so the salt content of the soil can be indirectly represented by electrical conductivity. As shown in Table 2, the 4t / mu experimental group adding functional microbial organic fertilizer significantly reduced the electrical conductivity in the soil relative to the control group and the 6t / mu experimental group. It can be seen that the functional microbial organic fertilizer provided by the present invention, under the condition of 4t / mu usage amount, reduces the electrical conductivity in saline-alkali soil to the greatest extent, reduces the degree of salinization, and improves saline-alkali soil with better effect.

[0053] The contents not described in detail in the specification of the present invention are well-known technologies for those skilled in the art. Although the present invention has been disclosed as above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with this technology can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the definition of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a functional microbial organic fertilizer for improving saline-alkali land, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1: Inoculate Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Cupric bacteria, Trichoderma harzianum, Halobacterium alkaliphilum and Bacillus halogenide into sterilized potato dextrose agar medium, place the medium in a shaker at 28°C for 24 hours, and obtain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens fermentation culture, Cupric bacteria, Trichoderma harzianum fermentation culture, Halobacterium alkaliphilum and Bacillus halogenide fermentation culture, respectively; S2: The Bacillus amyloliquefaciens fermentation agent, the Copperworm fermentation agent, the Trichoderma harzianum fermentation agent, the Halobacterium alkaliphilum fermentation agent and the Bacillus halodurans fermentation agent obtained in S1 are uniformly mixed with glucose in a certain mass ratio, dissolved in warm water at 30°C-35°C, and allowed to stand at room temperature to obtain first-generation Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Copperworm fermentation agent, Trichoderma harzianum, Halobacterium alkaliphilum and Bacillus halodurans domesticated strains respectively; S3: The first generation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Cupric bacteria, Trichoderma harzianum, Halobacterium alkaliphilum and Bacillus halodurans obtained in S2 were inoculated into LBG liquid medium respectively, and cultured in a shaking incubator at 30°C and 180 r / min for 24-48 hours to obtain fermentation broths of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Cupric bacteria, Trichoderma harzianum, Halobacterium alkaliphilum and Bacillus halodurans respectively; S4: concentrating the fermentation liquid of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, the fermentation liquid of Copperbacillus insecticidalus, the fermentation liquid of Trichoderma harzianum, the fermentation liquid of Bacillus halophilus, and the fermentation liquid of Bacillus halodurans obtained in S3, and then mixing them uniformly according to a certain weight ratio to obtain a functional microbial agent; S5: Mix natural cow dung without water, corn stalks cut into 2-3 cm pieces and rice husks in a certain weight ratio to obtain organic materials, and pile them into a trapezoidal pile with a height of 1.2m and a width of 2m, compact them, add water until the moisture content of the organic materials reaches 60%-75%, and perform aerobic fermentation, turning them every 5 days, and obtaining mature compost after fermentation for 30 days; S6: adding furfural residue and citric acid residue to the mature compost obtained in S5 according to a certain weight ratio to obtain a functional microbial carrier organic fertilizer; S7: The functional microbial carrier organic fertilizer obtained in S6 and the functional microbial agent obtained in S4 are uniformly mixed in a certain weight ratio, and dried at low temperature to obtain the functional microbial organic fertilizer for saline-alkali land improvement.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Bacillus amyloliquefaciens fermentation agent, the Cupricobacterium insecticidalis fermentation agent, the Trichoderma harzianum fermentation agent, the Halobacterium alkaliphilum fermentation agent and the Bacillus halodurans fermentation agent described in S2 are respectively mixed evenly with glucose in a mass ratio of 1: (0.2-0.4).

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The room temperature standing time described in S2 is 8h-12h.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inoculation amount of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Cupricobacterium insecticidalum, Trichoderma harzianum, Halobacterium gordonii and Bacillus halodurans in S1 and S3 was 3.5%.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation liquid of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, the fermentation liquid of Copperbacillus spp., the fermentation liquid of Trichoderma harzianum, the fermentation liquid of Halobacterium salinarum and the fermentation liquid of Bacillus halodurans in S4 are uniformly mixed in a weight ratio of 1:1:1:1.25:1.25; the number of bacteria in the functional microbial agent is 10 6 ~10 7 cfu / g.

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cow dung, corn straw and rice husk described in S5 are evenly mixed in a weight ratio of 1:1:

1.

7. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mature compost in S6 is added with furfural residue and citric acid residue in a weight ratio of 10:

1.

8. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The functional microbial carrier organic fertilizer and the functional microbial agent described in S7 are evenly mixed in a weight ratio of 1:

15.

9. A functional microbial organic fertilizer for improving saline-alkali land, characterized in that: The functional microbial organic fertilizer is obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. Use of the functional microbial organic fertilizer according to claim 9 in improving saline-alkali land.